std: Move std::env to the new I/O APIs

std: Move std::env to the new I/O APIs

This commit moves `std::env` away from the `std::old_io` error type as well as
the `std::old_path` module. Methods returning an error now return `io::Error`
and methods consuming or returning paths use `std::path` instead of
`std::old_path`. This commit does not yet mark these APIs as `#[stable]`.

This commit also migrates `std::old_io::TempDir` to `std::fs::TempDir` with
essentially the exact same API. This type was added to interoperate with the new
path API and has its own `tempdir` feature.

Finally, this commit reverts the deprecation of `std::os` APIs returning the old
path API types. This deprecation can come back once the entire `std::old_path`
module is deprecated.

[breaking-change]