Rollup merge of #53434 - alexcrichton:remove-strip-debug, r=yurydelendik

wasm: Remove --strip-debug argument to LLD

Originally added in #52887 this commit disables passing `--strip-debug` to LLD
when optimized. This bring back the original bug of emitting broken debuginfo
but currently it *also* strips the `name` section which makes it very difficult
to inspect the final binary. A real fix is happening at
https://reviews.llvm.org/D50729 and we can reevaluate once we've updated LLD to
have that commit.