Rollup merge of #36574 - japaric:link-arg, r=alexcrichton

rustc: implement -C link-arg

this flag lets you pass a _single_ argument to the linker but can be
used _repeatedly_. For example, instead of using:

```
rustc -C link-args='-l bar' (..)
```

you could write

```
rustc -C link-arg='-l' -C link-arg='bar' (..)
```

This new flag can be used with RUSTFLAGS where `-C link-args` has
problems with "nested" spaces:

```
RUSTFLAGS='-C link-args="-Tlayout.ld -nostartfiles"'
```

This passes three arguments to rustc: `-C` `link-args="-Tlayout.ld` and
`-nostartfiles"` to `rustc`. That's not what we meant. But this does
what we want:

```
RUSTFLAGS='-C link-arg=-Tlayout.ld -C link-arg=-nostartfiles`
```

cc rust-lang/rfcs#1509

r? @alexcrichton
cc @Zoxc

This needs a test. Any suggestion?

diff --cc src/librustc/session/config.rs
Simple merge

diff --cc src/librustc_trans/back/link.rs
Simple merge