Rollup merge of #80189 - jyn514:convert-primitives, r=poliorcetics

Convert primitives in the standard library to intra-doc links

Blocked on https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/80181. I forgot that this needs to wait for the beta bump so the standard library can be documented with `doc --stage 0`.

Notably I didn't convert `core::slice` because it's like 50 links and I got scared :fearful:

diff --cc library/alloc/src/lib.rs
Simple merge

diff --cc library/core/src/result.rs
Simple merge

diff --cc library/std/src/lib.rs
Simple merge