]> git.lizzy.rs Git - rust.git/commitdiff
pprust: fix parenthesization of exprs
authorStuart Pernsteiner <spernsteiner@galois.com>
Thu, 20 Jul 2017 20:53:56 +0000 (16:53 -0400)
committerStuart Pernsteiner <spernsteiner@galois.com>
Wed, 6 Sep 2017 14:26:51 +0000 (10:26 -0400)
src/librustc_lint/unused.rs
src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs
src/libsyntax/util/parser.rs
src/test/run-pass-fulldeps/pprust-expr-roundtrip.rs [new file with mode: 0644]

index 15efc14b061f073443e312cbd76deaa5754ce561..91646ce9f8b963ed58d4698d6ed319c5426f16f5 100644 (file)
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 use syntax::feature_gate::{BUILTIN_ATTRIBUTES, AttributeType};
 use syntax::symbol::keywords;
 use syntax::ptr::P;
+use syntax::util::parser;
 use syntax_pos::Span;
 
 use rustc_back::slice;
@@ -313,47 +314,14 @@ fn check_unused_parens_core(&self,
                                 msg: &str,
                                 struct_lit_needs_parens: bool) {
         if let ast::ExprKind::Paren(ref inner) = value.node {
-            let necessary = struct_lit_needs_parens && contains_exterior_struct_lit(&inner);
+            let necessary = struct_lit_needs_parens &&
+                            parser::contains_exterior_struct_lit(&inner);
             if !necessary {
                 cx.span_lint(UNUSED_PARENS,
                              value.span,
                              &format!("unnecessary parentheses around {}", msg))
             }
         }
-
-        /// Expressions that syntactically contain an "exterior" struct
-        /// literal i.e. not surrounded by any parens or other
-        /// delimiters, e.g. `X { y: 1 }`, `X { y: 1 }.method()`, `foo
-        /// == X { y: 1 }` and `X { y: 1 } == foo` all do, but `(X {
-        /// y: 1 }) == foo` does not.
-        fn contains_exterior_struct_lit(value: &ast::Expr) -> bool {
-            match value.node {
-                ast::ExprKind::Struct(..) => true,
-
-                ast::ExprKind::Assign(ref lhs, ref rhs) |
-                ast::ExprKind::AssignOp(_, ref lhs, ref rhs) |
-                ast::ExprKind::Binary(_, ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
-                    // X { y: 1 } + X { y: 2 }
-                    contains_exterior_struct_lit(&lhs) || contains_exterior_struct_lit(&rhs)
-                }
-                ast::ExprKind::Unary(_, ref x) |
-                ast::ExprKind::Cast(ref x, _) |
-                ast::ExprKind::Type(ref x, _) |
-                ast::ExprKind::Field(ref x, _) |
-                ast::ExprKind::TupField(ref x, _) |
-                ast::ExprKind::Index(ref x, _) => {
-                    // &X { y: 1 }, X { y: 1 }.y
-                    contains_exterior_struct_lit(&x)
-                }
-
-                ast::ExprKind::MethodCall(.., ref exprs) => {
-                    // X { y: 1 }.bar(...)
-                    contains_exterior_struct_lit(&exprs[0])
-                }
-
-                _ => false,
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
 
index 3b5ec1caf0de93616bd6c74794a0a9a85518b712..9903dc50f36fb4480aab744724df83cff444252f 100644 (file)
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 use ast::{self, BlockCheckMode, PatKind, RangeEnd};
 use ast::{SelfKind, RegionTyParamBound, TraitTyParamBound, TraitBoundModifier};
 use ast::Attribute;
-use util::parser::AssocOp;
+use util::parser::{self, AssocOp, Fixity};
 use attr;
 use codemap::{self, CodeMap};
 use syntax_pos::{self, BytePos};
@@ -421,16 +421,6 @@ pub fn visibility_qualified(vis: &ast::Visibility, s: &str) -> String {
     format!("{}{}", to_string(|s| s.print_visibility(vis)), s)
 }
 
-fn needs_parentheses(expr: &ast::Expr) -> bool {
-    match expr.node {
-        ast::ExprKind::Assign(..) | ast::ExprKind::Binary(..) |
-        ast::ExprKind::Closure(..) |
-        ast::ExprKind::AssignOp(..) | ast::ExprKind::Cast(..) |
-        ast::ExprKind::InPlace(..) | ast::ExprKind::Type(..) => true,
-        _ => false,
-    }
-}
-
 pub trait PrintState<'a> {
     fn writer(&mut self) -> &mut pp::Printer<'a>;
     fn boxes(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<pp::Breaks>;
@@ -1736,7 +1726,7 @@ fn print_else(&mut self, els: Option<&ast::Expr>) -> io::Result<()> {
                         self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT - 1)?;
                         self.ibox(0)?;
                         self.s.word(" else if ")?;
-                        self.print_expr(i)?;
+                        self.print_expr_as_cond(i)?;
                         self.s.space()?;
                         self.print_block(then)?;
                         self.print_else(e.as_ref().map(|e| &**e))
@@ -1749,7 +1739,7 @@ fn print_else(&mut self, els: Option<&ast::Expr>) -> io::Result<()> {
                         self.print_pat(pat)?;
                         self.s.space()?;
                         self.word_space("=")?;
-                        self.print_expr(expr)?;
+                        self.print_expr_as_cond(expr)?;
                         self.s.space()?;
                         self.print_block(then)?;
                         self.print_else(e.as_ref().map(|e| &**e))
@@ -1774,7 +1764,7 @@ fn print_else(&mut self, els: Option<&ast::Expr>) -> io::Result<()> {
     pub fn print_if(&mut self, test: &ast::Expr, blk: &ast::Block,
                     elseopt: Option<&ast::Expr>) -> io::Result<()> {
         self.head("if")?;
-        self.print_expr(test)?;
+        self.print_expr_as_cond(test)?;
         self.s.space()?;
         self.print_block(blk)?;
         self.print_else(elseopt)
@@ -1786,7 +1776,7 @@ pub fn print_if_let(&mut self, pat: &ast::Pat, expr: &ast::Expr, blk: &ast::Bloc
         self.print_pat(pat)?;
         self.s.space()?;
         self.word_space("=")?;
-        self.print_expr(expr)?;
+        self.print_expr_as_cond(expr)?;
         self.s.space()?;
         self.print_block(blk)?;
         self.print_else(elseopt)
@@ -1821,19 +1811,31 @@ fn print_call_post(&mut self, args: &[P<ast::Expr>]) -> io::Result<()> {
         self.pclose()
     }
 
-    pub fn check_expr_bin_needs_paren(&mut self, sub_expr: &ast::Expr,
-                                      binop: ast::BinOp) -> bool {
-        match sub_expr.node {
-            ast::ExprKind::Binary(ref sub_op, _, _) => {
-                AssocOp::from_ast_binop(sub_op.node).precedence() <
-                    AssocOp::from_ast_binop(binop.node).precedence()
-            }
-            _ => true
+    pub fn print_expr_maybe_paren(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expr, prec: i8) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let needs_par = parser::expr_precedence(expr) < prec;
+        if needs_par {
+            self.popen()?;
         }
+        self.print_expr(expr)?;
+        if needs_par {
+            self.pclose()?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn print_expr_maybe_paren(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        let needs_par = needs_parentheses(expr);
+    /// Print an expr using syntax that's acceptable in a condition position, such as the `cond` in
+    /// `if cond { ... }`.
+    pub fn print_expr_as_cond(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let needs_par = match expr.node {
+            // These cases need parens due to the parse error observed in #26461: `if return {}`
+            // parses as the erroneous construct `if (return {})`, not `if (return) {}`.
+            ast::ExprKind::Closure(..) |
+            ast::ExprKind::Ret(..) |
+            ast::ExprKind::Break(..) => true,
+
+            _ => parser::contains_exterior_struct_lit(expr),
+        };
+
         if needs_par {
             self.popen()?;
         }
@@ -1847,10 +1849,11 @@ pub fn print_expr_maybe_paren(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
     fn print_expr_in_place(&mut self,
                            place: &ast::Expr,
                            expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(place)?;
+        let prec = AssocOp::Inplace.precedence() as i8;
+        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(place, prec + 1)?;
         self.s.space()?;
         self.word_space("<-")?;
-        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr)
+        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, prec)
     }
 
     fn print_expr_vec(&mut self, exprs: &[P<ast::Expr>],
@@ -1931,7 +1934,14 @@ fn print_expr_tup(&mut self, exprs: &[P<ast::Expr>],
     fn print_expr_call(&mut self,
                        func: &ast::Expr,
                        args: &[P<ast::Expr>]) -> io::Result<()> {
-        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(func)?;
+        let prec =
+            match func.node {
+                ast::ExprKind::Field(..) |
+                ast::ExprKind::TupField(..) => parser::PREC_FORCE_PAREN,
+                _ => parser::PREC_POSTFIX,
+            };
+
+        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(func, prec)?;
         self.print_call_post(args)
     }
 
@@ -1939,7 +1949,7 @@ fn print_expr_method_call(&mut self,
                               segment: &ast::PathSegment,
                               args: &[P<ast::Expr>]) -> io::Result<()> {
         let base_args = &args[1..];
-        self.print_expr(&args[0])?;
+        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(&args[0], parser::PREC_POSTFIX)?;
         self.s.word(".")?;
         self.print_ident(segment.identifier)?;
         if let Some(ref parameters) = segment.parameters {
@@ -1952,25 +1962,27 @@ fn print_expr_binary(&mut self,
                          op: ast::BinOp,
                          lhs: &ast::Expr,
                          rhs: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
-        if self.check_expr_bin_needs_paren(lhs, op) {
-            self.print_expr_maybe_paren(lhs)?;
-        } else {
-            self.print_expr(lhs)?;
-        }
+        let assoc_op = AssocOp::from_ast_binop(op.node);
+        let prec = assoc_op.precedence() as i8;
+        let fixity = assoc_op.fixity();
+
+        let (left_prec, right_prec) = match fixity {
+            Fixity::Left => (prec, prec + 1),
+            Fixity::Right => (prec + 1, prec),
+            Fixity::None => (prec + 1, prec + 1),
+        };
+
+        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(lhs, left_prec)?;
         self.s.space()?;
         self.word_space(op.node.to_string())?;
-        if self.check_expr_bin_needs_paren(rhs, op) {
-            self.print_expr_maybe_paren(rhs)
-        } else {
-            self.print_expr(rhs)
-        }
+        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(rhs, right_prec)
     }
 
     fn print_expr_unary(&mut self,
                         op: ast::UnOp,
                         expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
         self.s.word(ast::UnOp::to_string(op))?;
-        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr)
+        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, parser::PREC_PREFIX)
     }
 
     fn print_expr_addr_of(&mut self,
@@ -1978,7 +1990,7 @@ fn print_expr_addr_of(&mut self,
                           expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
         self.s.word("&")?;
         self.print_mutability(mutability)?;
-        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr)
+        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, parser::PREC_PREFIX)
     }
 
     pub fn print_expr(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
@@ -2002,7 +2014,7 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
         match expr.node {
             ast::ExprKind::Box(ref expr) => {
                 self.word_space("box")?;
-                self.print_expr(expr)?;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, parser::PREC_PREFIX)?;
             }
             ast::ExprKind::InPlace(ref place, ref expr) => {
                 self.print_expr_in_place(place, expr)?;
@@ -2038,17 +2050,15 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
                 self.print_literal(lit)?;
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Cast(ref expr, ref ty) => {
-                if let ast::ExprKind::Cast(..) = expr.node {
-                    self.print_expr(expr)?;
-                } else {
-                    self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr)?;
-                }
+                let prec = AssocOp::As.precedence() as i8;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, prec)?;
                 self.s.space()?;
                 self.word_space("as")?;
                 self.print_type(ty)?;
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Type(ref expr, ref ty) => {
-                self.print_expr(expr)?;
+                let prec = AssocOp::Colon.precedence() as i8;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, prec)?;
                 self.word_space(":")?;
                 self.print_type(ty)?;
             }
@@ -2064,7 +2074,7 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
                     self.word_space(":")?;
                 }
                 self.head("while")?;
-                self.print_expr(test)?;
+                self.print_expr_as_cond(test)?;
                 self.s.space()?;
                 self.print_block_with_attrs(blk, attrs)?;
             }
@@ -2077,7 +2087,7 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
                 self.print_pat(pat)?;
                 self.s.space()?;
                 self.word_space("=")?;
-                self.print_expr(expr)?;
+                self.print_expr_as_cond(expr)?;
                 self.s.space()?;
                 self.print_block_with_attrs(blk, attrs)?;
             }
@@ -2090,7 +2100,7 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
                 self.print_pat(pat)?;
                 self.s.space()?;
                 self.word_space("in")?;
-                self.print_expr(iter)?;
+                self.print_expr_as_cond(iter)?;
                 self.s.space()?;
                 self.print_block_with_attrs(blk, attrs)?;
             }
@@ -2107,7 +2117,7 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
                 self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT)?;
                 self.ibox(4)?;
                 self.word_nbsp("match")?;
-                self.print_expr(expr)?;
+                self.print_expr_as_cond(expr)?;
                 self.s.space()?;
                 self.bopen()?;
                 self.print_inner_attributes_no_trailing_hardbreak(attrs)?;
@@ -2137,37 +2147,44 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
                 self.print_block_with_attrs(blk, attrs)?;
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Assign(ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
-                self.print_expr(lhs)?;
+                let prec = AssocOp::Assign.precedence() as i8;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(lhs, prec + 1)?;
                 self.s.space()?;
                 self.word_space("=")?;
-                self.print_expr(rhs)?;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(rhs, prec)?;
             }
             ast::ExprKind::AssignOp(op, ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
-                self.print_expr(lhs)?;
+                let prec = AssocOp::Assign.precedence() as i8;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(lhs, prec + 1)?;
                 self.s.space()?;
                 self.s.word(op.node.to_string())?;
                 self.word_space("=")?;
-                self.print_expr(rhs)?;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(rhs, prec)?;
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Field(ref expr, id) => {
-                self.print_expr(expr)?;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, parser::PREC_POSTFIX)?;
                 self.s.word(".")?;
                 self.print_ident(id.node)?;
             }
             ast::ExprKind::TupField(ref expr, id) => {
-                self.print_expr(expr)?;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, parser::PREC_POSTFIX)?;
                 self.s.word(".")?;
                 self.print_usize(id.node)?;
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Index(ref expr, ref index) => {
-                self.print_expr(expr)?;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, parser::PREC_POSTFIX)?;
                 self.s.word("[")?;
                 self.print_expr(index)?;
                 self.s.word("]")?;
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Range(ref start, ref end, limits) => {
+                // Special case for `Range`.  `AssocOp` claims that `Range` has higher precedence
+                // than `Assign`, but `x .. x = x` gives a parse error instead of `x .. (x = x)`.
+                // Here we use a fake precedence value so that any child with lower precedence than
+                // a "normal" binop gets parenthesized.  (`LOr` is the lowest-precedence binop.)
+                let fake_prec = AssocOp::LOr.precedence() as i8;
                 if let Some(ref e) = *start {
-                    self.print_expr(e)?;
+                    self.print_expr_maybe_paren(e, fake_prec)?;
                 }
                 if limits == ast::RangeLimits::HalfOpen {
                     self.s.word("..")?;
@@ -2175,7 +2192,7 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
                     self.s.word("...")?;
                 }
                 if let Some(ref e) = *end {
-                    self.print_expr(e)?;
+                    self.print_expr_maybe_paren(e, fake_prec)?;
                 }
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Path(None, ref path) => {
@@ -2192,7 +2209,7 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
                     self.s.space()?;
                 }
                 if let Some(ref expr) = *opt_expr {
-                    self.print_expr(expr)?;
+                    self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, parser::PREC_JUMP)?;
                     self.s.space()?;
                 }
             }
@@ -2208,7 +2225,7 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
                 self.s.word("return")?;
                 if let Some(ref expr) = *result {
                     self.s.word(" ")?;
-                    self.print_expr(expr)?;
+                    self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, parser::PREC_JUMP)?;
                 }
             }
             ast::ExprKind::InlineAsm(ref a) => {
@@ -2286,13 +2303,13 @@ fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
                 match *e {
                     Some(ref expr) => {
                         self.s.space()?;
-                        self.print_expr(&expr)?;
+                        self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr, parser::PREC_JUMP)?;
                     }
                     _ => ()
                 }
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Try(ref e) => {
-                self.print_expr(e)?;
+                self.print_expr_maybe_paren(e, parser::PREC_POSTFIX)?;
                 self.s.word("?")?
             }
             ast::ExprKind::Catch(ref blk) => {
index ce24fe1eb61e241d6eee5830c982e01b49c20638..af42b4be6941a42f343a1ec1c7ee587252d0d6ba 100644 (file)
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 // except according to those terms.
 use parse::token::{Token, BinOpToken};
 use symbol::keywords;
-use ast::BinOpKind;
+use ast::{self, BinOpKind, ExprKind};
 
 /// Associative operator with precedence.
 ///
@@ -215,3 +215,107 @@ pub fn to_ast_binop(&self) -> Option<BinOpKind> {
         }
     }
 }
+
+pub const PREC_RESET: i8 = -100;
+pub const PREC_CLOSURE: i8 = -40;
+pub const PREC_JUMP: i8 = -30;
+pub const PREC_BLOCK: i8 = -20;
+pub const PREC_RANGE: i8 = -10;
+// The range 2 ... 14 is reserved for AssocOp binary operator precedences.
+pub const PREC_PREFIX: i8 = 50;
+pub const PREC_POSTFIX: i8 = 60;
+pub const PREC_PAREN: i8 = 99;
+pub const PREC_FORCE_PAREN: i8 = 100;
+
+pub fn expr_precedence(expr: &ast::Expr) -> i8 {
+    match expr.node {
+        ExprKind::Closure(..) => PREC_CLOSURE,
+
+        ExprKind::Break(..) |
+        ExprKind::Continue(..) |
+        ExprKind::Ret(..) |
+        ExprKind::Yield(..) => PREC_JUMP,
+
+        ExprKind::If(..) |
+        ExprKind::IfLet(..) |
+        ExprKind::While(..) |
+        ExprKind::WhileLet(..) |
+        ExprKind::ForLoop(..) |
+        ExprKind::Loop(..) |
+        ExprKind::Match(..) |
+        ExprKind::Block(..) |
+        ExprKind::Catch(..) => PREC_BLOCK,
+
+        // `Range` claims to have higher precedence than `Assign`, but `x .. x = x` fails to parse,
+        // instead of parsing as `(x .. x) = x`.  Giving `Range` a lower precedence ensures that
+        // `pprust` will add parentheses in the right places to get the desired parse.
+        ExprKind::Range(..) => PREC_RANGE,
+
+        // Binop-like expr kinds, handled by `AssocOp`.
+        ExprKind::Binary(op, _, _) =>
+            AssocOp::from_ast_binop(op.node).precedence() as i8,
+
+        ExprKind::InPlace(..) => AssocOp::Inplace.precedence() as i8,
+        ExprKind::Cast(..) => AssocOp::As.precedence() as i8,
+        ExprKind::Type(..) => AssocOp::Colon.precedence() as i8,
+
+        ExprKind::Assign(..) |
+        ExprKind::AssignOp(..) => AssocOp::Assign.precedence() as i8,
+
+        // Unary, prefix
+        ExprKind::Box(..) |
+        ExprKind::AddrOf(..) |
+        ExprKind::Unary(..) => PREC_PREFIX,
+
+        // Unary, postfix
+        ExprKind::Call(..) |
+        ExprKind::MethodCall(..) |
+        ExprKind::Field(..) |
+        ExprKind::TupField(..) |
+        ExprKind::Index(..) |
+        ExprKind::Try(..) |
+        ExprKind::InlineAsm(..) |
+        ExprKind::Mac(..) => PREC_POSTFIX,
+
+        // Never need parens
+        ExprKind::Array(..) |
+        ExprKind::Repeat(..) |
+        ExprKind::Tup(..) |
+        ExprKind::Lit(..) |
+        ExprKind::Path(..) |
+        ExprKind::Paren(..) |
+        ExprKind::Struct(..) => PREC_PAREN,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Expressions that syntactically contain an "exterior" struct literal i.e. not surrounded by any
+/// parens or other delimiters, e.g. `X { y: 1 }`, `X { y: 1 }.method()`, `foo == X { y: 1 }` and
+/// `X { y: 1 } == foo` all do, but `(X { y: 1 }) == foo` does not.
+pub fn contains_exterior_struct_lit(value: &ast::Expr) -> bool {
+    match value.node {
+        ast::ExprKind::Struct(..) => true,
+
+        ast::ExprKind::Assign(ref lhs, ref rhs) |
+        ast::ExprKind::AssignOp(_, ref lhs, ref rhs) |
+        ast::ExprKind::Binary(_, ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
+            // X { y: 1 } + X { y: 2 }
+            contains_exterior_struct_lit(&lhs) || contains_exterior_struct_lit(&rhs)
+        }
+        ast::ExprKind::Unary(_, ref x) |
+        ast::ExprKind::Cast(ref x, _) |
+        ast::ExprKind::Type(ref x, _) |
+        ast::ExprKind::Field(ref x, _) |
+        ast::ExprKind::TupField(ref x, _) |
+        ast::ExprKind::Index(ref x, _) => {
+            // &X { y: 1 }, X { y: 1 }.y
+            contains_exterior_struct_lit(&x)
+        }
+
+        ast::ExprKind::MethodCall(.., ref exprs) => {
+            // X { y: 1 }.bar(...)
+            contains_exterior_struct_lit(&exprs[0])
+        }
+
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/run-pass-fulldeps/pprust-expr-roundtrip.rs b/src/test/run-pass-fulldeps/pprust-expr-roundtrip.rs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d614f45
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+// ignore-cross-compile
+
+#![feature(rustc_private)]
+
+extern crate syntax;
+
+use syntax::ast::*;
+use syntax::codemap::{Spanned, DUMMY_SP};
+use syntax::codemap::FilePathMapping;
+use syntax::fold::{self, Folder};
+use syntax::parse::{self, ParseSess};
+use syntax::print::pprust;
+use syntax::ptr::P;
+use syntax::util::ThinVec;
+
+
+fn parse_expr(ps: &ParseSess, src: &str) -> P<Expr> {
+    let mut p = parse::new_parser_from_source_str(ps,
+                                                  "<expr>".to_owned(),
+                                                  src.to_owned());
+    p.parse_expr().unwrap()
+}
+
+
+// Helper functions for building exprs
+fn expr(kind: ExprKind) -> P<Expr> {
+    P(Expr {
+        id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
+        node: kind,
+        span: DUMMY_SP,
+        attrs: ThinVec::new(),
+    })
+}
+
+fn make_x() -> P<Expr> {
+    let seg = PathSegment {
+        identifier: Ident::from_str("x"),
+        span: DUMMY_SP,
+        parameters: None,
+    };
+    let path = Path {
+        span: DUMMY_SP,
+        segments: vec![seg],
+    };
+    expr(ExprKind::Path(None, path))
+}
+
+/// Iterate over exprs of depth up to `depth`.  The goal is to explore all "interesting"
+/// combinations of expression nesting.  For example, we explore combinations using `if`, but not
+/// `while` or `match`, since those should print and parse in much the same way as `if`.
+fn iter_exprs(depth: usize, f: &mut FnMut(P<Expr>)) {
+    if depth == 0 {
+        f(make_x());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let mut g = |e| f(expr(e));
+
+    for kind in 0 .. 17 {
+        match kind {
+            0 => iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Box(e))),
+            1 => {
+                // Note that for binary expressions, we explore each side separately.  The
+                // parenthesization decisions for the LHS and RHS should be independent, and this
+                // way produces `O(n)` results instead of `O(n^2)`.
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::InPlace(e, make_x())));
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::InPlace(make_x(), e)));
+            },
+            2 => iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Call(e, vec![]))),
+            3 => {
+                let seg = PathSegment {
+                    identifier: Ident::from_str("x"),
+                    span: DUMMY_SP,
+                    parameters: None,
+                };
+
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::MethodCall(
+                            seg.clone(), vec![e, make_x()])));
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::MethodCall(
+                            seg.clone(), vec![make_x(), e])));
+            },
+            4 => {
+                let op = Spanned { span: DUMMY_SP, node: BinOpKind::Add };
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Binary(op, e, make_x())));
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Binary(op, make_x(), e)));
+            },
+            5 => {
+                let op = Spanned { span: DUMMY_SP, node: BinOpKind::Mul };
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Binary(op, e, make_x())));
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Binary(op, make_x(), e)));
+            },
+            6 => {
+                let op = Spanned { span: DUMMY_SP, node: BinOpKind::Shl };
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Binary(op, e, make_x())));
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Binary(op, make_x(), e)));
+            },
+            7 => {
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Unary(UnOp::Deref, e)));
+            },
+            8 => {
+                let block = P(Block {
+                    stmts: Vec::new(),
+                    id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
+                    rules: BlockCheckMode::Default,
+                    span: DUMMY_SP,
+                });
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::If(e, block.clone(), None)));
+            },
+            9 => {
+                let decl = P(FnDecl {
+                    inputs: vec![],
+                    output: FunctionRetTy::Default(DUMMY_SP),
+                    variadic: false,
+                });
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(
+                        ExprKind::Closure(CaptureBy::Value, decl.clone(), e, DUMMY_SP)));
+            },
+            10 => {
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Assign(e, make_x())));
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Assign(make_x(), e)));
+            },
+            11 => {
+                let ident = Spanned { span: DUMMY_SP, node: Ident::from_str("f") };
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Field(e, ident)));
+            },
+            12 => {
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Range(
+                            Some(e), Some(make_x()), RangeLimits::HalfOpen)));
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Range(
+                            Some(make_x()), Some(e), RangeLimits::HalfOpen)));
+            },
+            13 => {
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::AddrOf(Mutability::Immutable, e)));
+            },
+            14 => {
+                g(ExprKind::Ret(None));
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Ret(Some(e))));
+            },
+            15 => {
+                let seg = PathSegment {
+                    identifier: Ident::from_str("S"),
+                    span: DUMMY_SP,
+                    parameters: None,
+                };
+                let path = Path {
+                    span: DUMMY_SP,
+                    segments: vec![seg],
+                };
+                g(ExprKind::Struct(path, vec![], Some(make_x())));
+            },
+            16 => {
+                iter_exprs(depth - 1, &mut |e| g(ExprKind::Try(e)));
+            },
+            _ => panic!("bad counter value in iter_exprs"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+// Folders for manipulating the placement of `Paren` nodes.  See below for why this is needed.
+
+/// Folder that removes all `ExprKind::Paren` nodes.
+struct RemoveParens;
+
+impl Folder for RemoveParens {
+    fn fold_expr(&mut self, e: P<Expr>) -> P<Expr> {
+        let e = match e.node {
+            ExprKind::Paren(ref inner) => inner.clone(),
+            _ => e.clone(),
+        };
+        e.map(|e| fold::noop_fold_expr(e, self))
+    }
+}
+
+
+/// Folder that inserts `ExprKind::Paren` nodes around every `Expr`.
+struct AddParens;
+
+impl Folder for AddParens {
+    fn fold_expr(&mut self, e: P<Expr>) -> P<Expr> {
+        let e = e.map(|e| fold::noop_fold_expr(e, self));
+        P(Expr {
+            id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
+            node: ExprKind::Paren(e),
+            span: DUMMY_SP,
+            attrs: ThinVec::new(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+
+fn main() {
+    let ps = ParseSess::new(FilePathMapping::empty());
+
+    iter_exprs(2, &mut |e| {
+        // If the pretty printer is correct, then `parse(print(e))` should be identical to `e`,
+        // modulo placement of `Paren` nodes.
+        let printed = pprust::expr_to_string(&e);
+        println!("printed: {}", printed);
+
+        let parsed = parse_expr(&ps, &printed);
+
+        // We want to know if `parsed` is structurally identical to `e`, ignoring trivial
+        // differences like placement of `Paren`s or the exact ranges of node spans.
+        // Unfortunately, there is no easy way to make this comparison.  Instead, we add `Paren`s
+        // everywhere we can, then pretty-print.  This should give an unambiguous representation of
+        // each `Expr`, and it bypasses nearly all of the parenthesization logic, so we aren't
+        // relying on the correctness of the very thing we're testing.
+        let e1 = AddParens.fold_expr(RemoveParens.fold_expr(e));
+        let text1 = pprust::expr_to_string(&e1);
+        let e2 = AddParens.fold_expr(RemoveParens.fold_expr(parsed));
+        let text2 = pprust::expr_to_string(&e2);
+        assert!(text1 == text2,
+                "exprs are not equal:\n  e =      {:?}\n  parsed = {:?}",
+                text1, text2);
+    });
+}