Auto merge of #47156 - petrochenkov:extpath, r=nikomatsakis

Support `extern` in paths

Implement the primary alternative to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/46613 + https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/45771, achieving the same effect without requiring changes to other imports.
Both need to be experimentally evaluated before making further progress.

The PR also adds docs for all these related features into the unstable book.

cc https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44660
r? @nikomatsakis

diff --cc src/librustc_resolve/lib.rs
Simple merge