Rewrite `E0158` error-code docs for clarity
Fixes #105585.
The `E0158` error-code docs are unclear. It doesn't explain all three different variants of the error and doesn't explain *why* the error occurs. This PR cleans it up a bit and brings it properly into line with [RFC1567](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/1567-long-error-codes-explanation-normalization.html).
I'm a first time Rust contributor so I've probably not got it quite right. I also haven't run the whole build process because I assume that my minor docs changes shouldn't break everything.