Stabilize integer logarithms
Stabilizes feature `int_log`.
I've also made the functions const stable, because they don't depend on any unstable const features. `rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable` is just there for `Option::expect`, which could be replaced with a `match` and `panic!`. cc ``@rust-lang/wg-const-eval``
closes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/70887 (tracking issue)
~~blocked on FCP finishing: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/70887#issuecomment-
1289028216~~
FCP finished: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/70887#issuecomment-
1302121266