Rollup merge of #23461 - alexcrichton:feat-char-at, r=aturon

 This commit clarifies some of the unstable features in the `str` module by
moving them out of the blanket `core` and `collections` features.

The following methods were moved to the `str_char` feature which generally
encompasses decoding specific characters from a `str` and dealing with the
result. It is unclear if any of these methods need to be stabilized for 1.0 and
the most conservative route for now is to continue providing them but to leave
them as unstable under a more specific name.

* `is_char_boundary`
* `char_at`
* `char_range_at`
* `char_at_reverse`
* `char_range_at_reverse`
* `slice_shift_char`

The following methods were moved into the generic `unicode` feature as they are
specifically enabled by the `unicode` crate itself.

* `nfd_chars`
* `nfkd_chars`
* `nfc_chars`
* `graphemes`
* `grapheme_indices`
* `width`