Auto merge of #82436 - osa1:issue80258, r=nikomatsakis

Auto merge of #82436 - osa1:issue80258, r=nikomatsakis

Allow calling *const methods on *mut values

This allows `*const` methods to be called on `*mut` values.

TODOs:

- [x] ~~Remove debug logs~~ Done.
- [x] ~~I haven't tested, but I think this currently won't work when the `self` value has type like `&&&&& *mut X` because I don't do any autoderefs when probing. To fix this the new code in `rustc_typeck::check::method::probe` needs to reuse `pick_method` somehow as I think that's the function that autoderefs.~~ This works, because autoderefs are done before calling `pick_core`, in `method_autoderef_steps`, called by `probe_op`.
- [x] ~~I should probably move the new `Pick` to `pick_autorefd_method`. If not, I should move it to its own function.~~ Done.
- [ ] ~~Test this with a `Pick` with `to_ptr = true` and `unsize = true`.~~ I think this case cannot happen, because we don't have any array methods with `*mut [X]` receiver. I should confirm that this is true and document this. I've placed two assertions about this.
- [x] ~~Maybe give `(Mutability, bool)` a name and fields~~ I now have a `to_const_ptr` field in `Pick`.
- [x] ~~Changes in `adjust_self_ty` is quite hacky. The problem is we can't deref a pointer, and even if we don't have an adjustment to get the address of a value, so to go from `*mut` to `*const` we need a special case.~~ There's still a special case for `to_const_ptr`, but I'm not sure if we can avoid this.
- [ ] Figure out how `reached_raw_pointer` stuff is used. I suspect only for error messages.

Fixes #80258