Auto merge of #50836 - jsgf:arc-downcast, r=SimonSapin

Auto merge of #50836 - jsgf:arc-downcast, r=SimonSapin

Arc downcast

Implement `downcast` for `Arc<Any + Send + Sync>` as part of #44608, and gated by the same `rc_downcast` feature.

This PR is mostly lightly-edited cut'n'paste.

This has two additional changes:
- The `downcast` implementation needs `Any + Send + Sync` implementations for `is` and `Debug`, and I added `downcast_ref` and `downcast_mut` for completeness/consistency. (Can these be insta-stabilized?)
- At @SimonSapin's suggestion, I converted `Arc` and `Rc` to use `NonNull::cast` to avoid an `unsafe` block in each which tidied things up nicely.