Support for the program data address space option of LLVM's Target Datalayout
This was introduced recently (specifically, for AVR, cc @dylanmckay).
(I came up with this when attempting to run [avr-rust](https://github.com/avr-rust/rust) rebased on the latest [rust-lang](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust) commits. If this requires a different design, some additional discussions, or is not something to pursue right now, I'd be happy to close this PR).
Note that this somewhat overlaps with @DiamondLovesYou's #51576, I think, although the implementation here is significantly simpler: Since the address space applies to _all_ program data, we can just check the pointee's type whenever we create an LLVM pointer type. If it is a function we use the program data address space; if not we use the default address space.