Rollup merge of #71804 - petrochenkov:static-pie, r=cuviper

Rollup merge of #71804 - petrochenkov:static-pie, r=cuviper

linker: Support `-static-pie` and `-static -shared`

This PR adds support for passing linker arguments for creating statically linked position-independent executables and "statically linked" shared libraries.

Therefore it incorporates the majority of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/70740 except for the linker rerun hack and actually flipping the "`static-pie` is supported" switch for musl targets.