refactor NonZero, Shared, and Unique APIs

refactor NonZero, Shared, and Unique APIs

Major difference is that I removed Deref impls, as apparently LLVM has
trouble maintaining metadata with a `&ptr -> &ptr` API. This was cited
as a blocker for ever stabilizing this API. It wasn't that ergonomic
anyway.

* Added `get` to NonZero to replace Deref impl
* Added `as_ptr` to Shared/Unique to replace Deref impl
* Added Unique's `as_ref` and `as_mut` conveniences to Shared
* Added `::empty()` convenience constructor for Unique/Shared
* Deprecated `as_mut_ptr` on Shared in favour of `as_ptr`
* Improved documentation of types

Note that Shared now only refers to *mut, and not *const