Auto merge of #47269 - michaelwoerister:mangled-cgu-names, r=alexcrichton
Shorten names of some compiler generated artifacts.
This PR makes the compiler mangle codegen unit names by default. The name of every codegen unit name will now be a random string of 16 characters. It also makes the file extensions of some intermediate compiler products shorter. Hopefully, these changes will reduce the pressure on tools with path length restrictions like buildbot. The change should also solve problems with case-insensitive file system.