std: Make abs() panic on overflow in debug mode

std: Make abs() panic on overflow in debug mode

Debug overflow checks for arithmetic negation landed in #24500, at which time
the `abs` method on signed integers was changed to using `wrapping_neg` to
ensure that the function never panicked. This implied that `abs` of `INT_MIN`
would return `INT_MIN`, another negative value. When this change was back-ported
to beta, however, in #24708, the `wrapping_neg` function had not yet been
backported, so the implementation was changed in #24785 to `!self + 1`. This
change had the unintended side effect of enabling debug overflow checks for the
`abs` function. Consequently, the current state of affairs is that the beta
branch checks for overflow in debug mode for `abs` and the nightly branch does
not.

This commit alters the behavior of nightly to have `abs` always check for
overflow in debug mode. This change is more consistent with the way the standard
library treats overflow as well, and it is also not a breaking change as it's
what the beta branch currently does (albeit if by accident).

cc #25378