auto merge of #12172 : alexcrichton/rust/green-improvements, r=brson

auto merge of #12172 : alexcrichton/rust/green-improvements, r=brson

These commits pick off some low-hanging fruit which were slowing down spawning green threads. The major speedup comes from fixing a bug in stack caching where we never used any cached stacks!

The program I used to benchmark is at the end. It was compiled with `rustc --opt-level=3 bench.rs --test` and run as `RUST_THREADS=1 ./bench --bench`. I chose to use `RUST_THREADS=1` due to #11730 as the profiles I was getting interfered too much when all the schedulers were in play (and shouldn't be after #11730 is fixed). All of the units below are in ns/iter as reported by `--bench` (lower is better).

|               | green | native | raw    |
| ------------- | ----- | ------ | ------ |
| osx before    | 12699 | 24030  | 19734  |
| linux before  | 10223 | 125983 | 122647 |
| osx after     |  3847 | 25771  | 20835  |
| linux after   |  2631 | 135398 | 122765 |

Note that this is *not* a benchmark of spawning green tasks vs native tasks. I put in the native numbers just to get a ballpark of where green tasks are. This is benchmark is *clearly* benefiting from stack caching. Also, OSX is clearly not 5x faster than linux, I think my VM is just much slower.

All in all, this ended up being a nice 4x speedup for spawning a green task when you're using a cached stack.

```rust
extern mod extra;
extern mod native;
use std::rt::thread::Thread;

#[bench]
fn green(bh: &mut extra::test::BenchHarness) {
    let (p, c) = SharedChan::new();
    bh.iter(|| {
        let c = c.clone();
        spawn(proc() {
            c.send(());
        });
        p.recv();
    });
}

#[bench]
fn native(bh: &mut extra::test::BenchHarness) {
    let (p, c) = SharedChan::new();
    bh.iter(|| {
        let c = c.clone();
        native::task::spawn(proc() {
            c.send(());
        });
        p.recv();
    });
}

#[bench]
fn raw(bh: &mut extra::test::BenchHarness) {
    bh.iter(|| {
        Thread::start(proc() {}).join()
    });
}
```