Auto merge of #82936 - oli-obk:valtree, r=RalfJung,lcnr,matthewjasper

Auto merge of #82936 - oli-obk:valtree, r=RalfJung,lcnr,matthewjasper

Implement (but don't use) valtree and refactor in preparation of use

This PR does not cause any functional change. It refactors various things that are needed to make valtrees possible. This refactoring got big enough that I decided I'd want it reviewed as a PR instead of trying to make one huge PR with all the changes.

cc `@rust-lang/wg-const-eval` on the following commits:

* 2027184 implement valtree
* eeecea9 fallible Scalar -> ScalarInt
* 042f663 ScalarInt convenience methods

cc `@eddyb` on ef04a6d

cc `@rust-lang/wg-mir-opt` for cf1700c (`mir::Constant` can now represent either a `ConstValue` or a `ty::Const`, and it is totally possible to have two different representations for the same value)