Auto merge of #99420 - RalfJung:vtable, r=oli-obk

Auto merge of #99420 - RalfJung:vtable, r=oli-obk

make vtable pointers entirely opaque

This implements the scheme discussed in https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/issues/338: vtable pointers should be considered entirely opaque and not even readable by Rust code, similar to function pointers.

- We have a new kind of `GlobalAlloc` that symbolically refers to a vtable.
- Miri uses that kind of allocation when generating a vtable.
- The codegen backends, upon encountering such an allocation, call `vtable_allocation` to obtain an actually dataful allocation for this vtable.
- We need new intrinsics to obtain the size and align from a vtable (for some `ptr::metadata` APIs), since direct accesses are UB now.

I had to touch quite a bit of code that I am not very familiar with, so some of this might not make much sense...
r? `@oli-obk`