Rollup merge of #99818 - aliemjay:fix-closure-normalize, r=jackh726

Rollup merge of #99818 - aliemjay:fix-closure-normalize, r=jackh726

don't ICE when normalizing closure input tys

We were ICEing while rendering diagnostics because `universe_causes` is expected to track every universe created in the typeck's infcx.

`normalize_and_add_constraints` doesn't update `universe_causes`
when creating new universes, causing an ICE. Remove it!

Add spans to better track normalization constraints.

Fix couple places where `universe_causes` is not updated correctly to
track newly added universes.

Fixes #102800

~Fixess #99665~ (UPDATE: no longer true; the issue has a different failure path than when this PR was created and should be fixed by #101708, but the changes in this PR are still correct and should prevent potential future ICEs)