X-Git-Url: https://git.lizzy.rs/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Futil%2Fstring.h;h=aa4329f2f536d50571ce07d281acd9595c8cf322;hb=c7bcebb62856ae5fdb23a13e6fa1052eae700ddf;hp=e5a60bc47162824770b8e2af78270fa5d4cba609;hpb=c6c5edd73a97f2991113ba48d9c2415222fe4709;p=minetest.git

diff --git a/src/util/string.h b/src/util/string.h
index e5a60bc47..aa4329f2f 100644
--- a/src/util/string.h
+++ b/src/util/string.h
@@ -17,312 +17,747 @@ with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */
 
-#ifndef UTIL_STRING_HEADER
-#define UTIL_STRING_HEADER
+#pragma once
 
-#include "../irrlichttypes.h"
-#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "irrlichttypes_bloated.h"
+#include "irrString.h"
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <string>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <vector>
+#include <map>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+class Translations;
+
+#define STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define TOSTRING(x) STRINGIFY(x)
+
+// Checks whether a value is an ASCII printable character
+#define IS_ASCII_PRINTABLE_CHAR(x)   \
+	(((unsigned int)(x) >= 0x20) &&  \
+	( (unsigned int)(x) <= 0x7e))
+
+// Checks whether a byte is an inner byte for an utf-8 multibyte sequence
+#define IS_UTF8_MULTB_INNER(x)       \
+	(((unsigned char)(x) >= 0x80) && \
+	( (unsigned char)(x) <= 0xbf))
+
+// Checks whether a byte is a start byte for an utf-8 multibyte sequence
+#define IS_UTF8_MULTB_START(x)       \
+	(((unsigned char)(x) >= 0xc2) && \
+	( (unsigned char)(x) <= 0xf4))
+
+// Given a start byte x for an utf-8 multibyte sequence
+// it gives the length of the whole sequence in bytes.
+#define UTF8_MULTB_START_LEN(x)            \
+	(((unsigned char)(x) < 0xe0) ? 2 :     \
+	(((unsigned char)(x) < 0xf0) ? 3 : 4))
+
+typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> StringMap;
 
 struct FlagDesc {
 	const char *name;
 	u32 flag;
 };
 
-std::wstring narrow_to_wide(const std::string& mbs);
-std::string wide_to_narrow(const std::wstring& wcs);
+// Try to avoid converting between wide and UTF-8 unless you need to
+// input/output stuff via Irrlicht
+std::wstring utf8_to_wide(const std::string &input);
+std::string wide_to_utf8(const std::wstring &input);
+
+// You must free the returned string!
+// The returned string is allocated using new[]
+wchar_t *utf8_to_wide_c(const char *str);
+
+std::string urlencode(const std::string &str);
+std::string urldecode(const std::string &str);
+u32 readFlagString(std::string str, const FlagDesc *flagdesc, u32 *flagmask);
+std::string writeFlagString(u32 flags, const FlagDesc *flagdesc, u32 flagmask);
+size_t mystrlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size);
+char *mystrtok_r(char *s, const char *sep, char **lasts);
+u64 read_seed(const char *str);
+bool parseColorString(const std::string &value, video::SColor &color, bool quiet,
+		unsigned char default_alpha = 0xff);
 
-static inline std::string padStringRight(std::string s, size_t len)
+
+/**
+ * Returns a copy of \p str with spaces inserted at the right hand side to ensure
+ * that the string is \p len characters in length. If \p str is <= \p len then the
+ * returned string will be identical to str.
+ */
+inline std::string padStringRight(std::string str, size_t len)
 {
-	if(len > s.size())
-		s.insert(s.end(), len - s.size(), ' ');
-	return s;
+	if (len > str.size())
+		str.insert(str.end(), len - str.size(), ' ');
+
+	return str;
 }
 
-// ends: NULL- or ""-terminated array of strings
-// Returns "" if no end could be removed.
-static inline std::string removeStringEnd(const std::string &s, const char *ends[])
+/**
+ * Returns a version of \p str with the first occurrence of a string
+ * contained within ends[] removed from the end of the string.
+ *
+ * @param str
+ * @param ends A NULL- or ""- terminated array of strings to remove from s in
+ *	the copy produced.  Note that once one of these strings is removed
+ *	that no further postfixes contained within this array are removed.
+ *
+ * @return If no end could be removed then "" is returned.
+ */
+inline std::string removeStringEnd(const std::string &str,
+		const char *ends[])
 {
 	const char **p = ends;
-	for(; (*p) && (*p)[0] != '\0'; p++){
+
+	for (; *p && (*p)[0] != '\0'; p++) {
 		std::string end = *p;
-		if(s.size() < end.size())
+		if (str.size() < end.size())
 			continue;
-		if(s.substr(s.size()-end.size(), end.size()) == end)
-			return s.substr(0, s.size() - end.size());
+		if (str.compare(str.size() - end.size(), end.size(), end) == 0)
+			return str.substr(0, str.size() - end.size());
 	}
+
 	return "";
 }
 
-// Tests if two strings are equal, optionally case insensitive
-inline bool str_equal(const std::wstring& s1, const std::wstring& s2,
+
+/**
+ * Check two strings for equivalence.  If \p case_insensitive is true
+ * then the case of the strings is ignored (default is false).
+ *
+ * @param s1
+ * @param s2
+ * @param case_insensitive
+ * @return true if the strings match
+ */
+template <typename T>
+inline bool str_equal(const std::basic_string<T> &s1,
+		const std::basic_string<T> &s2,
 		bool case_insensitive = false)
 {
-	if(case_insensitive)
-	{
-		if(s1.size() != s2.size())
-			return false;
-		for(size_t i = 0; i < s1.size(); ++i)
-			if(tolower(s1[i]) != tolower(s2[i]))
-				return false;
-		return true;
-	}
-	else
-	{
+	if (!case_insensitive)
 		return s1 == s2;
-	}
+
+	if (s1.size() != s2.size())
+		return false;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < s1.size(); ++i)
+		if(tolower(s1[i]) != tolower(s2[i]))
+			return false;
+
+	return true;
 }
 
-// Tests if the second string is a prefix of the first, optionally case insensitive
-inline bool str_starts_with(const std::wstring& str, const std::wstring& prefix,
+
+/**
+ * Check whether \p str begins with the string prefix. If \p case_insensitive
+ * is true then the check is case insensitve (default is false; i.e. case is
+ * significant).
+ *
+ * @param str
+ * @param prefix
+ * @param case_insensitive
+ * @return true if the str begins with prefix
+ */
+template <typename T>
+inline bool str_starts_with(const std::basic_string<T> &str,
+		const std::basic_string<T> &prefix,
 		bool case_insensitive = false)
 {
-	if(str.size() < prefix.size())
+	if (str.size() < prefix.size())
 		return false;
-	if(case_insensitive)
-	{
-		for(size_t i = 0; i < prefix.size(); ++i)
-			if(tolower(str[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
-				return false;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		for(size_t i = 0; i < prefix.size(); ++i)
-			if(str[i] != prefix[i])
-				return false;
-	}
+
+	if (!case_insensitive)
+		return str.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix) == 0;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < prefix.size(); ++i)
+		if (tolower(str[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
+			return false;
 	return true;
 }
 
-// Split a string using the given delimiter. Returns a vector containing
-// the component parts.
-inline std::vector<std::wstring> str_split(const std::wstring &str, wchar_t delimiter)
+/**
+ * Check whether \p str begins with the string prefix. If \p case_insensitive
+ * is true then the check is case insensitve (default is false; i.e. case is
+ * significant).
+ *
+ * @param str
+ * @param prefix
+ * @param case_insensitive
+ * @return true if the str begins with prefix
+ */
+template <typename T>
+inline bool str_starts_with(const std::basic_string<T> &str,
+		const T *prefix,
+		bool case_insensitive = false)
 {
-	std::vector<std::wstring> parts;
-	std::wstringstream sstr(str);
-	std::wstring part;
-	while(std::getline(sstr, part, delimiter))
+	return str_starts_with(str, std::basic_string<T>(prefix),
+			case_insensitive);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Check whether \p str ends with the string suffix. If \p case_insensitive
+ * is true then the check is case insensitve (default is false; i.e. case is
+ * significant).
+ *
+ * @param str
+ * @param suffix
+ * @param case_insensitive
+ * @return true if the str begins with suffix
+ */
+template <typename T>
+inline bool str_ends_with(const std::basic_string<T> &str,
+		const std::basic_string<T> &suffix,
+		bool case_insensitive = false)
+{
+	if (str.size() < suffix.size())
+		return false;
+
+	size_t start = str.size() - suffix.size();
+	if (!case_insensitive)
+		return str.compare(start, suffix.size(), suffix) == 0;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < suffix.size(); ++i)
+		if (tolower(str[start + i]) != tolower(suffix[i]))
+			return false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Check whether \p str ends with the string suffix. If \p case_insensitive
+ * is true then the check is case insensitve (default is false; i.e. case is
+ * significant).
+ *
+ * @param str
+ * @param suffix
+ * @param case_insensitive
+ * @return true if the str begins with suffix
+ */
+template <typename T>
+inline bool str_ends_with(const std::basic_string<T> &str,
+		const T *suffix,
+		bool case_insensitive = false)
+{
+	return str_ends_with(str, std::basic_string<T>(suffix),
+			case_insensitive);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Splits a string into its component parts separated by the character
+ * \p delimiter.
+ *
+ * @return An std::vector<std::basic_string<T> > of the component parts
+ */
+template <typename T>
+inline std::vector<std::basic_string<T> > str_split(
+		const std::basic_string<T> &str,
+		T delimiter)
+{
+	std::vector<std::basic_string<T> > parts;
+	std::basic_stringstream<T> sstr(str);
+	std::basic_string<T> part;
+
+	while (std::getline(sstr, part, delimiter))
 		parts.push_back(part);
+
 	return parts;
 }
 
-inline std::string lowercase(const std::string &s)
+
+/**
+ * @param str
+ * @return A copy of \p str converted to all lowercase characters.
+ */
+inline std::string lowercase(const std::string &str)
 {
 	std::string s2;
-	for(size_t i=0; i<s.size(); i++)
-	{
-		char c = s[i];
-		if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
-			c -= 'A' - 'a';
-		s2 += c;
-	}
+
+	s2.reserve(str.size());
+
+	for (char i : str)
+		s2 += tolower(i);
+
 	return s2;
 }
 
-inline std::string trim(const std::string &s)
+
+/**
+ * @param str
+ * @return A copy of \p str with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
+ */
+inline std::string trim(const std::string &str)
 {
 	size_t front = 0;
-	while(s[front] == ' '    ||
-	      s[front] == '\t'   ||
-	      s[front] == '\r'   ||
-	      s[front] == '\n'
-	     )
+	size_t back = str.size();
+
+	while (front < back && std::isspace(str[front]))
 		++front;
 
-	size_t back = s.size();
-	while(back > front &&
-	      (s[back-1] == ' '  ||
-	       s[back-1] == '\t' ||
-	       s[back-1] == '\r' ||
-	       s[back-1] == '\n'
-	      )
-	     )
+	while (back > front && std::isspace(str[back - 1]))
 		--back;
 
-	return s.substr(front, back - front);
+	return str.substr(front, back - front);
 }
 
-inline bool is_yes(const std::string &s)
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether \p str should be regarded as (bool) true.  Case and leading
+ * and trailing whitespace are ignored.  Values that will return
+ * true are "y", "yes", "true" and any number that is not 0.
+ * @param str
+ */
+inline bool is_yes(const std::string &str)
 {
-	std::string s2 = lowercase(trim(s));
-	if(s2 == "y" || s2 == "yes" || s2 == "true" || atoi(s2.c_str()) != 0)
-		return true;
-	return false;
+	std::string s2 = lowercase(trim(str));
+
+	return s2 == "y" || s2 == "yes" || s2 == "true" || atoi(s2.c_str()) != 0;
 }
 
-inline s32 mystoi(const std::string &s, s32 min, s32 max)
+
+/**
+ * Converts the string \p str to a signed 32-bit integer. The converted value
+ * is constrained so that min <= value <= max.
+ *
+ * @see atoi(3) for limitations
+ *
+ * @param str
+ * @param min Range minimum
+ * @param max Range maximum
+ * @return The value converted to a signed 32-bit integer and constrained
+ *	within the range defined by min and max (inclusive)
+ */
+inline s32 mystoi(const std::string &str, s32 min, s32 max)
 {
-	s32 i = atoi(s.c_str());
-	if(i < min)
+	s32 i = atoi(str.c_str());
+
+	if (i < min)
 		i = min;
-	if(i > max)
+	if (i > max)
 		i = max;
+
 	return i;
 }
 
-inline s64 stoi64(const std::string &s) {
-	std::stringstream tmp(s);
-	long long t;
+/**
+ * Returns a 32-bit value reprensented by the string \p str (decimal).
+ * @see atoi(3) for further limitations
+ */
+inline s32 mystoi(const std::string &str)
+{
+	return atoi(str.c_str());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a float reprensented by the string \p str (decimal).
+ * @see atof(3)
+ */
+inline float mystof(const std::string &str)
+{
+	return atof(str.c_str());
+}
+
+#define stoi mystoi
+#define stof mystof
+
+/// Returns a value represented by the string \p val.
+template <typename T>
+inline T from_string(const std::string &str)
+{
+	std::stringstream tmp(str);
+	T t;
 	tmp >> t;
 	return t;
 }
 
-// MSVC2010 includes it's own versions of these
-//#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER < 1600
+/// Returns a 64-bit signed value represented by the string \p str (decimal).
+inline s64 stoi64(const std::string &str) { return from_string<s64>(str); }
+
+#if __cplusplus < 201103L
+namespace std {
 
-inline s32 mystoi(const std::string &s)
+/// Returns a string representing the value \p val.
+template <typename T>
+inline string to_string(T val)
 {
-	return atoi(s.c_str());
+	ostringstream oss;
+	oss << val;
+	return oss.str();
 }
+#define DEFINE_STD_TOSTRING_FLOATINGPOINT(T)		\
+	template <>					\
+	inline string to_string<T>(T val)		\
+	{						\
+		ostringstream oss;			\
+		oss << std::fixed			\
+			<< std::setprecision(6)		\
+			<< val;				\
+		return oss.str();			\
+	}
+DEFINE_STD_TOSTRING_FLOATINGPOINT(float)
+DEFINE_STD_TOSTRING_FLOATINGPOINT(double)
+DEFINE_STD_TOSTRING_FLOATINGPOINT(long double)
+
+#undef DEFINE_STD_TOSTRING_FLOATINGPOINT
 
-inline s32 mystoi(const std::wstring &s)
+/// Returns a wide string representing the value \p val
+template <typename T>
+inline wstring to_wstring(T val)
 {
-	return atoi(wide_to_narrow(s).c_str());
+	return utf8_to_wide(to_string(val));
 }
+}
+#endif
+
+/// Returns a string representing the decimal value of the 32-bit value \p i.
+inline std::string itos(s32 i) { return std::to_string(i); }
+/// Returns a string representing the decimal value of the 64-bit value \p i.
+inline std::string i64tos(s64 i) { return std::to_string(i); }
 
-inline float mystof(const std::string &s)
+// std::to_string uses the '%.6f' conversion, which is inconsistent with
+// std::ostream::operator<<() and impractical too.  ftos() uses the
+// more generic and std::ostream::operator<<()-compatible '%G' format.
+/// Returns a string representing the decimal value of the float value \p f.
+inline std::string ftos(float f)
 {
-	// This crap causes a segfault in certain cases on MinGW
-	/*float f;
-	std::istringstream ss(s);
-	ss>>f;
-	return f;*/
-	// This works in that case
-	return atof(s.c_str());
+	std::ostringstream oss;
+	oss << f;
+	return oss.str();
 }
 
-//#endif
 
-#define stoi mystoi
-#define stof mystof
+/**
+ * Replace all occurrences of \p pattern in \p str with \p replacement.
+ *
+ * @param str String to replace pattern with replacement within.
+ * @param pattern The pattern to replace.
+ * @param replacement What to replace the pattern with.
+ */
+inline void str_replace(std::string &str, const std::string &pattern,
+		const std::string &replacement)
+{
+	std::string::size_type start = str.find(pattern, 0);
+	while (start != str.npos) {
+		str.replace(start, pattern.size(), replacement);
+		start = str.find(pattern, start + replacement.size());
+	}
+}
 
-inline std::string itos(s32 i)
+/**
+ * Escapes characters [ ] \ , ; that can not be used in formspecs
+ */
+inline void str_formspec_escape(std::string &str)
 {
-	std::ostringstream o;
-	o<<i;
-	return o.str();
+	str_replace(str, "\\", "\\\\");
+	str_replace(str, "]", "\\]");
+	str_replace(str, "[", "\\[");
+	str_replace(str, ";", "\\;");
+	str_replace(str, ",", "\\,");
 }
 
-inline std::string i64tos(s64 i) {
-	std::ostringstream o;
-	o<<i;
-	return o.str();
+/**
+ * Replace all occurrences of the character \p from in \p str with \p to.
+ *
+ * @param str The string to (potentially) modify.
+ * @param from The character in str to replace.
+ * @param to The replacement character.
+ */
+void str_replace(std::string &str, char from, char to);
+
+
+/**
+ * Check that a string only contains whitelisted characters. This is the
+ * opposite of string_allowed_blacklist().
+ *
+ * @param str The string to be checked.
+ * @param allowed_chars A string containing permitted characters.
+ * @return true if the string is allowed, otherwise false.
+ *
+ * @see string_allowed_blacklist()
+ */
+inline bool string_allowed(const std::string &str, const std::string &allowed_chars)
+{
+	return str.find_first_not_of(allowed_chars) == str.npos;
 }
 
-inline std::string ftos(float f)
+
+/**
+ * Check that a string contains no blacklisted characters. This is the
+ * opposite of string_allowed().
+ *
+ * @param str The string to be checked.
+ * @param blacklisted_chars A string containing prohibited characters.
+ * @return true if the string is allowed, otherwise false.
+
+ * @see string_allowed()
+ */
+inline bool string_allowed_blacklist(const std::string &str,
+		const std::string &blacklisted_chars)
 {
-	std::ostringstream o;
-	o<<f;
-	return o.str();
+	return str.find_first_of(blacklisted_chars) == str.npos;
 }
 
-inline void str_replace(std::string & str, std::string const & pattern,
-		std::string const & replacement)
+
+/**
+ * Create a string based on \p from where a newline is forcefully inserted
+ * every \p row_len characters.
+ *
+ * @note This function does not honour word wraps and blindy inserts a newline
+ *	every \p row_len characters whether it breaks a word or not.  It is
+ *	intended to be used for, for example, showing paths in the GUI.
+ *
+ * @note This function doesn't wrap inside utf-8 multibyte sequences and also
+ * 	counts multibyte sequences correcly as single characters.
+ *
+ * @param from The (utf-8) string to be wrapped into rows.
+ * @param row_len The row length (in characters).
+ * @return A new string with the wrapping applied.
+ */
+inline std::string wrap_rows(const std::string &from,
+		unsigned row_len)
 {
-	std::string::size_type start = str.find(pattern, 0);
-	while(start != str.npos)
-	{
-		str.replace(start, pattern.size(), replacement);
-		start = str.find(pattern, start+replacement.size());
+	std::string to;
+
+	size_t character_idx = 0;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < from.size(); i++) {
+		if (!IS_UTF8_MULTB_INNER(from[i])) {
+			// Wrap string after last inner byte of char
+			if (character_idx > 0 && character_idx % row_len == 0)
+				to += '\n';
+			character_idx++;
+		}
+		to += from[i];
 	}
+
+	return to;
 }
 
-inline void str_replace_char(std::string & str, char from, char to)
+
+/**
+ * Removes backslashes from an escaped string (FormSpec strings)
+ */
+template <typename T>
+inline std::basic_string<T> unescape_string(const std::basic_string<T> &s)
 {
-	for(unsigned int i=0; i<str.size(); i++)
-	{
-		if(str[i] == from)
-			str[i] = to;
+	std::basic_string<T> res;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+		if (s[i] == '\\') {
+			i++;
+			if (i >= s.length())
+				break;
+		}
+		res += s[i];
 	}
+
+	return res;
 }
 
-/*
-	Checks if a string contains only supplied characters
-*/
-inline bool string_allowed(const std::string &s, const std::string &allowed_chars)
-{
-	for(u32 i=0; i<s.size(); i++)
-	{
-		bool confirmed = false;
-		for(u32 j=0; j<allowed_chars.size(); j++)
-		{
-			if(s[i] == allowed_chars[j])
-			{
-				confirmed = true;
-				break;
+/**
+ * Remove all escape sequences in \p s.
+ *
+ * @param s The string in which to remove escape sequences.
+ * @return \p s, with escape sequences removed.
+ */
+template <typename T>
+std::basic_string<T> unescape_enriched(const std::basic_string<T> &s)
+{
+	std::basic_string<T> output;
+	size_t i = 0;
+	while (i < s.length()) {
+		if (s[i] == '\x1b') {
+			++i;
+			if (i == s.length()) continue;
+			if (s[i] == '(') {
+				++i;
+				while (i < s.length() && s[i] != ')') {
+					if (s[i] == '\\') {
+						++i;
+					}
+					++i;
+				}
+				++i;
+			} else {
+				++i;
 			}
+			continue;
 		}
-		if(confirmed == false)
-			return false;
+		output += s[i];
+		++i;
 	}
-	return true;
+	return output;
 }
 
-/*
-	Checks if a string contains no blacklisted characters (opposite
-	function of string_allowed())
-*/
-inline bool string_allowed_blacklist(const std::string & s, const std::string & blacklisted_chars)
-{
-	for(unsigned int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
-	{
-		bool invalid = false;
-		for(unsigned int j = 0; j < blacklisted_chars.length(); j++)
-		{
-			if(s[i] == blacklisted_chars[j])
-			{
-				invalid = true;
-				break;
+template <typename T>
+std::vector<std::basic_string<T> > split(const std::basic_string<T> &s, T delim)
+{
+	std::vector<std::basic_string<T> > tokens;
+
+	std::basic_string<T> current;
+	bool last_was_escape = false;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+		T si = s[i];
+		if (last_was_escape) {
+			current += '\\';
+			current += si;
+			last_was_escape = false;
+		} else {
+			if (si == delim) {
+				tokens.push_back(current);
+				current = std::basic_string<T>();
+				last_was_escape = false;
+			} else if (si == '\\') {
+				last_was_escape = true;
+			} else {
+				current += si;
+				last_was_escape = false;
 			}
 		}
-		if(invalid)
-			return false;
 	}
-	return true;
+	//push last element
+	tokens.push_back(current);
+
+	return tokens;
 }
 
-/*
-	Forcefully wraps string into rows using \n
-	(no word wrap, used for showing paths in gui)
-*/
-inline std::string wrap_rows(const std::string &from, u32 rowlen)
+std::wstring translate_string(const std::wstring &s, Translations *translations);
+
+std::wstring translate_string(const std::wstring &s);
+
+inline std::wstring unescape_translate(const std::wstring &s) {
+	return unescape_enriched(translate_string(s));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks that all characters in \p to_check are a decimal digits.
+ *
+ * @param to_check
+ * @return true if to_check is not empty and all characters in to_check are
+ *	decimal digits, otherwise false
+ */
+inline bool is_number(const std::string &to_check)
 {
-	std::string to;
-	for(u32 i=0; i<from.size(); i++)
-	{
-		if(i != 0 && i%rowlen == 0)
-			to += '\n';
-		to += from[i];
+	for (char i : to_check)
+		if (!std::isdigit(i))
+			return false;
+
+	return !to_check.empty();
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns a C-string, either "true" or "false", corresponding to \p val.
+ *
+ * @return If \p val is true, then "true" is returned, otherwise "false".
+ */
+inline const char *bool_to_cstr(bool val)
+{
+	return val ? "true" : "false";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts a duration in seconds to a pretty-printed duration in
+ * days, hours, minutes and seconds.
+ *
+ * @param sec duration in seconds
+ * @return pretty-printed duration
+ */
+inline const std::string duration_to_string(int sec)
+{
+	std::ostringstream ss;
+	const char *neg = "";
+	if (sec < 0) {
+		sec = -sec;
+		neg = "-";
 	}
-	return to;
+	int total_sec = sec;
+	int min = sec / 60;
+	sec %= 60;
+	int hour = min / 60;
+	min %= 60;
+	int day = hour / 24;
+	hour %= 24;
+
+	if (day > 0) {
+		ss << neg << day << "d";
+		if (hour > 0 || min > 0 || sec > 0)
+			ss << " ";
+	}
+
+	if (hour > 0) {
+		ss << neg << hour << "h";
+		if (min > 0 || sec > 0)
+			ss << " ";
+	}
+
+	if (min > 0) {
+		ss << neg << min << "min";
+		if (sec > 0)
+			ss << " ";
+	}
+
+	if (sec > 0 || total_sec == 0) {
+		ss << neg << sec << "s";
+	}
+
+	return ss.str();
 }
 
-/*
-	Removes all \\ from a string that had been escaped (FormSpec strings)
-*/
-inline std::string unescape_string(std::string &s)
+/**
+ * Joins a vector of strings by the string \p delimiter.
+ *
+ * @return A std::string
+ */
+inline std::string str_join(const std::vector<std::string> &list,
+		const std::string &delimiter)
 {
-	std::string res;
-	
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
-		if (s[i] == '\\')
-			i++;
-		res += s[i];
+	std::ostringstream oss;
+	bool first = true;
+	for (const auto &part : list) {
+		if (!first)
+			oss << delimiter;
+		oss << part;
+		first = false;
 	}
-	
-	return res;
+	return oss.str();
 }
 
-std::string translatePassword(std::string playername, std::wstring password);
-std::string urlencode(std::string str);
-std::string urldecode(std::string str);
-u32 readFlagString(std::string str, FlagDesc *flagdesc);
-std::string writeFlagString(u32 flags, FlagDesc *flagdesc);
-char *mystrtok_r(char *s, const char *sep, char **lasts);
-u64 read_seed(const char *str);
+/**
+ * Create a UTF8 std::string from a irr::core::stringw.
+ */
+inline std::string stringw_to_utf8(const irr::core::stringw &input)
+{
+	std::wstring str(input.c_str());
+	return wide_to_utf8(str);
+}
 
-#endif
+ /**
+  * Create a irr::core:stringw from a UTF8 std::string.
+  */
+inline irr::core::stringw utf8_to_stringw(const std::string &input)
+{
+	std::wstring str = utf8_to_wide(input);
+	return irr::core::stringw(str.c_str());
+}
 
+/**
+ * Sanitize the name of a new directory. This consists of two stages:
+ * 1. Check for 'reserved filenames' that can't be used on some filesystems
+ *    and add a prefix to them
+ * 2. Remove 'unsafe' characters from the name by replacing them with '_'
+ */
+std::string sanitizeDirName(const std::string &str, const std::string &optional_prefix);
+
+/**
+ * Prints a sanitized version of a string without control characters.
+ * '\t' and '\n' are allowed, as are UTF-8 control characters (e.g. RTL).
+ * ASCII control characters are replaced with their hex encoding in angle
+ * brackets (e.g. "a\x1eb" -> "a<1e>b").
+ */
+void safe_print_string(std::ostream &os, const std::string &str);