]> git.lizzy.rs Git - bspwm.git/blobdiff - messages.c
Transfer nodes moved via configure requests
[bspwm.git] / messages.c
index 14fb5b09b0dcd07b42de559441d26d7e2d61fac9..618ea78bf66ed15e5e1ea367b7e8e13884fb370b 100644 (file)
-#include <errno.h>
+/* Copyright (c) 2012, Bastien Dejean
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 #include "bspwm.h"
 #include "desktop.h"
-#include "ewmh.h"
-#include "history.h"
 #include "monitor.h"
-#include "tag.h"
 #include "pointer.h"
 #include "query.h"
-#include "restore.h"
 #include "rule.h"
+#include "restore.h"
 #include "settings.h"
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "window.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "parse.h"
 #include "messages.h"
 
-bool handle_message(char *msg, int msg_len, char *rsp)
+void handle_message(char *msg, int msg_len, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    int cap = INIT_CAP;
-    int num = 0;
-    char **args = malloc(cap * sizeof(char *));
-    if (args == NULL)
-        return false;
-
-    for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < msg_len; i++) {
-        if (msg[i] == 0) {
-            args[num++] = msg + j;
-            j = i + 1;
-        }
-        if (num >= cap) {
-            cap *= 2;
-            char **new = realloc(args, cap * sizeof(char *));
-            if (new == NULL) {
-                free(args);
-                return false;
-            } else {
-                args = new;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (num < 1) {
-        free(args);
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    char **args_orig = args;
-    bool ret = process_message(args, num, rsp);
-    free(args_orig);
-    return ret;
+       int cap = INIT_CAP;
+       int num = 0;
+       char **args = malloc(cap * sizeof(char *));
+
+       if (args == NULL) {
+               perror("Handle message: malloc");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < msg_len; i++) {
+               if (msg[i] == 0) {
+                       args[num++] = msg + j;
+                       j = i + 1;
+               }
+               if (num >= cap) {
+                       cap *= 2;
+                       char **new = realloc(args, cap * sizeof(char *));
+                       if (new == NULL) {
+                               free(args);
+                               perror("Handle message: realloc");
+                               return;
+                       } else {
+                               args = new;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (num < 1) {
+               free(args);
+               fail(rsp, "No arguments given.\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       char **args_orig = args;
+       process_message(args, num, rsp);
+       free(args_orig);
 }
 
-bool process_message(char **args, int num, char *rsp)
+void process_message(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    if (streq("window", *args)) {
-        return cmd_window(++args, --num);
-    } else if (streq("desktop", *args)) {
-        return cmd_desktop(++args, --num);
-    } else if (streq("monitor", *args)) {
-        return cmd_monitor(++args, --num);
-    } else if (streq("query", *args)) {
-        return cmd_query(++args, --num, rsp);
-    } else if (streq("tag", *args)) {
-        return cmd_tag(++args, --num, rsp);
-    } else if (streq("restore", *args)) {
-        return cmd_restore(++args, --num);
-    } else if (streq("control", *args)) {
-        return cmd_control(++args, --num);
-    } else if (streq("rule", *args)) {
-        return cmd_rule(++args, --num, rsp);
-    } else if (streq("pointer", *args)) {
-        return cmd_pointer(++args, --num);
-    } else if (streq("config", *args)) {
-        return cmd_config(++args, --num, rsp);
-    } else if (streq("quit", *args)) {
-        return cmd_quit(++args, --num);
-    }
-
-    return false;
+       int ret = SUBSCRIBE_FAILURE;
+
+       if (streq("node", *args)) {
+               cmd_node(++args, --num, rsp);
+       } else if (streq("desktop", *args)) {
+               cmd_desktop(++args, --num, rsp);
+       } else if (streq("monitor", *args)) {
+               cmd_monitor(++args, --num, rsp);
+       } else if (streq("query", *args)) {
+               cmd_query(++args, --num, rsp);
+       } else if (streq("subscribe", *args)) {
+               ret = cmd_subscribe(++args, --num, rsp);
+       } else if (streq("wm", *args)) {
+               cmd_wm(++args, --num, rsp);
+       } else if (streq("rule", *args)) {
+               cmd_rule(++args, --num, rsp);
+       } else if (streq("pointer", *args)) {
+               cmd_pointer(++args, --num, rsp);
+       } else if (streq("config", *args)) {
+               cmd_config(++args, --num, rsp);
+       } else if (streq("quit", *args)) {
+               cmd_quit(++args, --num, rsp);
+       } else {
+               fail(rsp, "Unknown domain or command: '%s'.\n", *args);
+       }
+
+       fflush(rsp);
+
+       if (ret != SUBSCRIBE_SUCCESS) {
+               fclose(rsp);
+       }
 }
 
-bool cmd_window(char **args, int num)
+void cmd_node(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    if (num < 1)
-        return false;
-
-    coordinates_t ref = {mon, mon->desk, mon->desk->focus};
-    coordinates_t trg = ref;
-
-    if (*args[0] != OPT_CHR) {
-        if (node_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg))
-            num--, args++;
-        else
-            return false;
-    }
-
-    if (trg.node == NULL)
-        return false;
-
-    bool dirty = false;
-
-    while (num > 0) {
-        if (streq("-f", *args) || streq("--focus", *args)) {
-            coordinates_t dst = trg;
-            if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
-                num--, args++;
-                if (!node_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst))
-                    return false;
-            }
-            focus_node(dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.node);
-        } else if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--to-desktop", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            coordinates_t dst;
-            if (desktop_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) {
-                if (transfer_node(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.desktop->focus)) {
-                    trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
-                    trg.desktop = dst.desktop;
-                }
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-m", *args) || streq("--to-monitor", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            coordinates_t dst;
-            if (monitor_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) {
-                if (transfer_node(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, dst.monitor, dst.monitor->desk, dst.monitor->desk->focus)) {
-                    trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
-                    trg.desktop = dst.monitor->desk;
-                }
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-w", *args) || streq("--to-window", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            coordinates_t dst;
-            if (node_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) {
-                if (transfer_node(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.node)) {
-                    trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
-                    trg.desktop = dst.desktop;
-                }
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-s", *args) || streq("--swap", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            coordinates_t dst;
-            if (node_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) {
-                if (swap_nodes(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.node)) {
-                    if (trg.desktop != dst.desktop)
-                        arrange(trg.monitor, trg.desktop);
-                    trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
-                    trg.desktop = dst.desktop;
-                    dirty = true;
-                }
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-t", *args) || streq("--toggle", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            char *key = strtok(*args, EQL_TOK);
-            char *val = strtok(NULL, EQL_TOK);
-            alter_state_t a;
-            bool b;
-            if (val == NULL) {
-                a = ALTER_TOGGLE;
-            } else {
-                if (parse_bool(val, &b))
-                    a = ALTER_SET;
-                else
-                    return false;
-            }
-            if (streq("fullscreen", key)) {
-                set_fullscreen(trg.node, (a == ALTER_SET ? b : !trg.node->client->fullscreen));
-                dirty = true;
-            } else if (streq("floating", key)) {
-                set_floating(trg.node, (a == ALTER_SET ? b : !trg.node->client->floating));
-                dirty = true;
-            } else if (streq("locked", key)) {
-                set_locked(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, (a == ALTER_SET ? b : !trg.node->client->locked));
-            } else if (streq("sticky", key)) {
-                set_sticky(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, (a == ALTER_SET ? b : !trg.node->client->sticky));
-            } else if (streq("visible", key)) {
-                set_presence(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, (a == ALTER_SET ? b : !is_visible(trg.desktop, trg.node)));
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-p", *args) || streq("--presel", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1 || !is_tiled(trg.node->client)
-                    || trg.desktop->layout != LAYOUT_TILED)
-                return false;
-            if (streq("cancel", *args)) {
-                reset_mode(&trg);
-            } else {
-                direction_t dir;
-                if (parse_direction(*args, &dir)) {
-                    double rat = trg.node->split_ratio;
-                    if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
-                        num--, args++;
-                        if (sscanf(*args, "%lf", &rat) != 1 || rat <= 0 || rat >= 1)
-                            return false;
-                    }
-                    if (auto_cancel && trg.node->split_mode == MODE_MANUAL
-                            && dir == trg.node->split_dir
-                            && rat == trg.node->split_ratio) {
-                        reset_mode(&trg);
-                    } else {
-                        trg.node->split_mode = MODE_MANUAL;
-                        trg.node->split_dir = dir;
-                        trg.node->split_ratio = rat;
-                    }
-                    window_draw_border(trg.node, trg.desktop->focus == trg.node, mon == trg.monitor);
-                } else {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-e", *args) || streq("--edge", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 2)
-                return false;
-            direction_t dir;
-            if (!parse_direction(*args, &dir))
-                return false;
-            node_t *n = find_fence(trg.node, dir);
-            if (n == NULL)
-                return false;
-            num--, args++;
-            fence_move_t fmo;
-            if (parse_fence_move(*args, &fmo)) {
-                move_fence(n, dir, fmo);
-            } else {
-                double rat;
-                if (sscanf(*args, "%lf", &rat) == 1 && rat > 0 && rat < 1)
-                    n->split_ratio = rat;
-                else
-                    return false;
-            }
-            dirty = true;
-        } else if (streq("-r", *args) || streq("--ratio", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            double rat;
-            if (sscanf(*args, "%lf", &rat) == 1 && rat > 0 && rat < 1) {
-                trg.node->split_ratio = rat;
-                window_draw_border(trg.node, trg.desktop->focus == trg.node, mon == trg.monitor);
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-R", *args) || streq("--rotate", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 2)
-                return false;
-            direction_t dir;
-            if (!parse_direction(*args, &dir))
-                return false;
-            node_t *n = find_fence(trg.node, dir);
-            if (n == NULL)
-                return false;
-            num--, args++;
-            int deg;
-            if (parse_degree(*args, &deg)) {
-                rotate_tree(n, deg);
-                dirty = true;
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-c", *args) || streq("--close", *args)) {
-            if (num > 1)
-                return false;
-            window_close(trg.node);
-        } else if (streq("-k", *args) || streq("--kill", *args)) {
-            if (num > 1)
-                return false;
-            window_kill(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node);
-            dirty = true;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        num--, args++;
-    }
-
-    if (dirty)
-        arrange(trg.monitor, trg.desktop);
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool cmd_desktop(char **args, int num)
-{
-    if (num < 1)
-        return false;
-
-    coordinates_t ref = {mon, mon->desk, NULL};
-    coordinates_t trg = ref;
-
-    if (*args[0] != OPT_CHR) {
-        if (desktop_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg))
-            num--, args++;
-        else
-            return false;
-    }
-
-    bool dirty = false;
-
-    while (num > 0) {
-        if (streq("-f", *args) || streq("--focus", *args)) {
-            coordinates_t dst = trg;
-            if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
-                num--, args++;
-                if (!desktop_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst))
-                    return false;
-            }
-            if (auto_alternate && dst.desktop == mon->desk) {
-                desktop_select_t sel = {DESKTOP_STATUS_ALL, false, false};
-                history_find_desktop(HISTORY_OLDER, &trg, &dst, sel);
-            }
-            focus_node(dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.desktop->focus);
-        } else if (streq("-m", *args) || streq("--to-monitor", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1 || trg.monitor->desk_head == trg.monitor->desk_tail)
-                return false;
-            coordinates_t dst;
-            if (monitor_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) {
-                transfer_desktop(trg.monitor, dst.monitor, trg.desktop);
-                trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
-                update_current();
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-s", *args) || streq("--swap", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            coordinates_t dst;
-            if (desktop_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst) && trg.monitor == dst.monitor)
-                swap_desktops(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, dst.monitor, dst.desktop);
-            else
-                return false;
-        } else if (streq("-l", *args) || streq("--layout", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            layout_t lyt;
-            cycle_dir_t cyc;
-            if (parse_cycle_direction(*args, &cyc))
-                change_layout(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, (trg.desktop->layout + 1) % 2);
-            else if (parse_layout(*args, &lyt))
-                change_layout(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, lyt);
-            else
-                return false;
-        } else if (streq("-n", *args) || streq("--rename", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            snprintf(trg.desktop->name, sizeof(trg.desktop->name), "%s", *args);
-            ewmh_update_desktop_names();
-            put_status();
-        } else if (streq("-r", *args) || streq("--remove", *args)) {
-            if (trg.desktop->root == NULL
-                    && trg.monitor->desk_head != trg.monitor->desk_tail) {
-                remove_desktop(trg.monitor, trg.desktop);
-                show_desktop(trg.monitor->desk);
-                update_current();
-                return true;
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-c", *args) || streq("--cancel-presel", *args)) {
-            reset_mode(&trg);
-        } else if (streq("-F", *args) || streq("--flip", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            flip_t flp;
-            if (parse_flip(*args, &flp)) {
-                flip_tree(trg.desktop->root, flp);
-                dirty = true;
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-R", *args) || streq("--rotate", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            int deg;
-            if (parse_degree(*args, &deg)) {
-                rotate_tree(trg.desktop->root, deg);
-                dirty = true;
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-B", *args) || streq("--balance", *args)) {
-            balance_tree(trg.desktop->root);
-            dirty = true;
-        } else if (streq("-C", *args) || streq("--circulate", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            circulate_dir_t cir;
-            if (parse_circulate_direction(*args, &cir)) {
-                circulate_leaves(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, cir);
-                dirty = true;
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-        num--, args++;
-    }
-
-    if (dirty)
-        arrange(trg.monitor, trg.desktop);
-
-    return true;
+       if (num < 1) {
+               fail(rsp, "node: Missing commands.\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       coordinates_t ref = {mon, mon->desk, mon->desk->focus};
+       coordinates_t trg = ref;
+
+       if ((*args)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+               int ret;
+               if ((ret = node_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg)) == SELECTOR_OK) {
+                       num--, args++;
+               } else {
+                       handle_failure(ret, "node", *args, rsp);
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       bool changed = false;
+
+       while (num > 0) {
+               if (streq("-f", *args) || streq("--focus", *args)) {
+                       coordinates_t dst = trg;
+                       if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+                               num--, args++;
+                               int ret;
+                               if ((ret = node_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                                       handle_failure(ret, "node -f", *args, rsp);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (!focus_node(dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.node)) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-a", *args) || streq("--activate", *args)) {
+                       coordinates_t dst = trg;
+                       if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+                               num--, args++;
+                               int ret;
+                               if ((ret = node_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                                       handle_failure(ret, "node -a", *args, rsp);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (dst.desktop == mon->desk) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (!activate_node(dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.node)) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--to-desktop", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       coordinates_t dst;
+                       int ret;
+                       if ((ret = desktop_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) == SELECTOR_OK) {
+                               if (transfer_node(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.desktop->focus)) {
+                                       trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
+                                       trg.desktop = dst.desktop;
+                               } else {
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               handle_failure(ret, "node -d", *args, rsp);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-m", *args) || streq("--to-monitor", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       coordinates_t dst;
+                       int ret;
+                       if ((ret = monitor_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) == SELECTOR_OK) {
+                               if (transfer_node(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, dst.monitor, dst.monitor->desk, dst.monitor->desk->focus)) {
+                                       trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
+                                       trg.desktop = dst.monitor->desk;
+                               } else {
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               handle_failure(ret, "node -m", *args, rsp);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-n", *args) || streq("--to-node", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       coordinates_t dst;
+                       int ret;
+                       if ((ret = node_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) == SELECTOR_OK) {
+                               if (transfer_node(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.node)) {
+                                       trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
+                                       trg.desktop = dst.desktop;
+                               } else {
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               handle_failure(ret, "node -n", *args, rsp);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-s", *args) || streq("--swap", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       coordinates_t dst;
+                       int ret;
+                       if ((ret = node_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) == SELECTOR_OK) {
+                               if (swap_nodes(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.node)) {
+                                       trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
+                                       trg.desktop = dst.desktop;
+                               } else {
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               handle_failure(ret, "node -s", *args, rsp);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-l", *args) || streq("--layer", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       stack_layer_t lyr;
+                       if (parse_stack_layer(*args, &lyr)) {
+                               if (!set_layer(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, lyr)) {
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-t", *args) || streq("--state", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       client_state_t cst;
+                       bool alternate = false;
+                       if ((*args)[0] == '~') {
+                               alternate = true;
+                               (*args)++;
+                       }
+                       if (parse_client_state(*args, &cst)) {
+                               if (alternate && trg.node != NULL && trg.node->client != NULL &&
+                                   trg.node->client->state == cst) {
+                                       cst = trg.node->client->last_state;
+                               }
+                               if (!set_state(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, cst)) {
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               changed = true;
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-g", *args) || streq("--flag", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.node == NULL || trg.node->client == NULL) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       char *key = strtok(*args, EQL_TOK);
+                       char *val = strtok(NULL, EQL_TOK);
+                       alter_state_t a;
+                       bool b;
+                       if (val == NULL) {
+                               a = ALTER_TOGGLE;
+                       } else {
+                               if (parse_bool(val, &b)) {
+                                       a = ALTER_SET;
+                               } else {
+                                       fail(rsp, "node %s: Invalid value for %s: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), key, val);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (streq("locked", key)) {
+                               set_locked(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, (a == ALTER_SET ? b : !trg.node->locked));
+                       } else if (streq("sticky", key)) {
+                               set_sticky(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, (a == ALTER_SET ? b : !trg.node->sticky));
+                       } else if (streq("private", key)) {
+                               set_private(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, (a == ALTER_SET ? b : !trg.node->private));
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Invalid key: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), key);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-p", *args) || streq("--presel-dir", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.node == NULL || trg.node->vacant) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (streq("cancel", *args)) {
+                               cancel_presel(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node);
+                       } else {
+                               bool alternate = false;
+                               if ((*args)[0] == '~') {
+                                       alternate = true;
+                                       (*args)++;
+                               }
+                               direction_t dir;
+                               if (parse_direction(*args, &dir)) {
+                                       if (alternate && trg.node->presel != NULL && trg.node->presel->split_dir == dir) {
+                                               cancel_presel(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node);
+                                       } else {
+                                               presel_dir(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, dir);
+                                               if (!IS_RECEPTACLE(trg.node)) {
+                                                       draw_presel_feedback(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node);
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       fail(rsp, "node %s: Invalid argument: '%s%s'.\n", *(args - 1), alternate?"~":"", *args);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-o", *args) || streq("--presel-ratio", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.node == NULL || trg.node->vacant) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       double rat;
+                       if (sscanf(*args, "%lf", &rat) != 1 || rat <= 0 || rat >= 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               break;
+                       } else {
+                               presel_ratio(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, rat);
+                               draw_presel_feedback(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node);
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-r", *args) || streq("--ratio", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.node == NULL) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if ((*args)[0] == '+' || (*args)[0] == '-') {
+                               int pix;
+                               if (sscanf(*args, "%i", &pix) == 1) {
+                                       int max = (trg.node->split_type == TYPE_HORIZONTAL ? trg.node->rectangle.height : trg.node->rectangle.width);
+                                       double rat = ((max * trg.node->split_ratio) + pix) / max;
+                                       if (rat > 0 && rat < 1) {
+                                               set_ratio(trg.node, rat);
+                                       } else {
+                                               fail(rsp, "");
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       fail(rsp, "node %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               double rat;
+                               if (sscanf(*args, "%lf", &rat) == 1 && rat > 0 && rat < 1) {
+                                       set_ratio(trg.node, rat);
+                               } else {
+                                       fail(rsp, "node %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       changed = true;
+               } else if (streq("-F", *args) || streq("--flip", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.node == NULL) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       flip_t flp;
+                       if (parse_flip(*args, &flp)) {
+                               flip_tree(trg.node, flp);
+                               changed = true;
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-R", *args) || streq("--rotate", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.node == NULL) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       int deg;
+                       if (parse_degree(*args, &deg)) {
+                               rotate_tree(trg.node, deg);
+                               changed = true;
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-E", *args) || streq("--equalize", *args)) {
+                       if (trg.node == NULL) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       equalize_tree(trg.node);
+                       changed = true;
+               } else if (streq("-B", *args) || streq("--balance", *args)) {
+                       if (trg.node == NULL) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       balance_tree(trg.node);
+                       changed = true;
+               } else if (streq("-C", *args) || streq("--circulate", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.node == NULL) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       circulate_dir_t cir;
+                       if (parse_circulate_direction(*args, &cir)) {
+                               circulate_leaves(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, cir);
+                               changed = true;
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-i", *args) || streq("--insert-receptacle", *args)) {
+                       insert_receptacle(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node);
+                       changed = true;
+               } else if (streq("-c", *args) || streq("--close", *args)) {
+                       if (num > 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Trailing commands.\n", *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.node == NULL || locked_count(trg.node) > 0) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       close_node(trg.node);
+                       break;
+               } else if (streq("-k", *args) || streq("--kill", *args)) {
+                       if (num > 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "node %s: Trailing commands.\n", *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.node == NULL) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       kill_node(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node);
+                       changed = true;
+                       break;
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "node: Unknown command: '%s'.\n", *args);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               num--, args++;
+       }
+
+       if (changed) {
+               arrange(trg.monitor, trg.desktop);
+       }
 }
 
-bool cmd_monitor(char **args, int num)
+void cmd_desktop(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    if (num < 1)
-        return false;
-
-    coordinates_t ref = {mon, NULL, NULL};
-    coordinates_t trg = ref;
-
-    if (*args[0] != OPT_CHR) {
-        if (monitor_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg))
-            num--, args++;
-        else
-            return false;
-    }
-
-    while (num > 0) {
-        if (streq("-f", *args) || streq("--focus", *args)) {
-            coordinates_t dst = trg;
-            if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
-                num--, args++;
-                if (!monitor_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst))
-                    return false;
-            }
-            if (auto_alternate && dst.monitor == mon) {
-                desktop_select_t sel = {DESKTOP_STATUS_ALL, false, false};
-                history_find_monitor(HISTORY_OLDER, &trg, &dst, sel);
-            }
-            focus_node(dst.monitor, dst.monitor->desk, dst.monitor->desk->focus);
-        } else if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--reset-desktops", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            desktop_t *d = trg.monitor->desk_head;
-            while (num > 0 && d != NULL) {
-                snprintf(d->name, sizeof(d->name), "%s", *args);
-                d = d->next;
-                num--, args++;
-            }
-            put_status();
-            while (num > 0) {
-                add_desktop(trg.monitor, make_desktop(*args));
-                num--, args++;
-            }
-            while (d != NULL) {
-                desktop_t *next = d->next;
-                if (d == mon->desk)
-                    focus_node(trg.monitor, d->prev, d->prev->focus);
-                merge_desktops(trg.monitor, d, mon, mon->desk);
-                remove_desktop(trg.monitor, d);
-                d = next;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-a", *args) || streq("--add-desktops", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            while (num > 0) {
-                add_desktop(trg.monitor, make_desktop(*args));
-                num--, args++;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-r", *args) || streq("--remove-desktops", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            while (num > 0) {
-                coordinates_t dst;
-                if (locate_desktop(*args, &dst) && dst.monitor->desk_head != dst.monitor->desk_tail && dst.desktop->root == NULL) {
-                    remove_desktop(dst.monitor, dst.desktop);
-                    show_desktop(dst.monitor->desk);
-                }
-                num--, args++;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-n", *args) || streq("--rename", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            snprintf(trg.monitor->name, sizeof(trg.monitor->name), "%s", *args);
-            put_status();
-        } else if (streq("-s", *args) || streq("--swap", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            coordinates_t dst;
-            if (monitor_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst))
-                swap_monitors(trg.monitor, dst.monitor);
-            else
-                return false;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-        num--, args++;
-    }
-
-    return true;
+       if (num < 1) {
+               fail(rsp, "desktop: Missing commands.\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       coordinates_t ref = {mon, mon->desk, NULL};
+       coordinates_t trg = ref;
+
+       if ((*args)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+               int ret;
+               if ((ret = desktop_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg)) == SELECTOR_OK) {
+                       num--, args++;
+               } else {
+                       handle_failure(ret, "desktop", *args, rsp);
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       bool changed = false;
+
+       while (num > 0) {
+               if (streq("-f", *args) || streq("--focus", *args)) {
+                       coordinates_t dst = trg;
+                       if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+                               num--, args++;
+                               int ret;
+                               if ((ret = desktop_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                                       handle_failure(ret, "desktop -f", *args, rsp);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       focus_node(dst.monitor, dst.desktop, dst.desktop->focus);
+               } else if (streq("-a", *args) || streq("--activate", *args)) {
+                       coordinates_t dst = trg;
+                       if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+                               num--, args++;
+                               int ret;
+                               if ((ret = desktop_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                                       handle_failure(ret, "desktop -a", *args, rsp);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       activate_desktop(dst.monitor, dst.desktop);
+               } else if (streq("-m", *args) || streq("--to-monitor", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "desktop %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.monitor->desk_head == trg.monitor->desk_tail) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       coordinates_t dst;
+                       int ret;
+                       if ((ret = monitor_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) == SELECTOR_OK) {
+                               if (transfer_desktop(trg.monitor, dst.monitor, trg.desktop)) {
+                                       trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
+                               } else {
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               handle_failure(ret, "desktop -m", *args, rsp);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-s", *args) || streq("--swap", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "desktop %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       coordinates_t dst;
+                       int ret;
+                       if ((ret = desktop_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) == SELECTOR_OK) {
+                               if (swap_desktops(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, dst.monitor, dst.desktop)) {
+                                       trg.monitor = dst.monitor;
+                               } else {
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               handle_failure(ret, "desktop -s", *args, rsp);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-b", *args) || streq("--bubble", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "desktop %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       cycle_dir_t cyc;
+                       if (parse_cycle_direction(*args, &cyc)) {
+                               desktop_t *d = trg.desktop;
+                               if (cyc == CYCLE_PREV) {
+                                       if (d->prev == NULL) {
+                                               while (d->next != NULL) {
+                                                       swap_desktops(trg.monitor, d, trg.monitor, d->next);
+                                               }
+                                       } else {
+                                               swap_desktops(trg.monitor, d, trg.monitor, d->prev);
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       if (d->next == NULL) {
+                                               while (d->prev != NULL) {
+                                                       swap_desktops(trg.monitor, d, trg.monitor, d->prev);
+                                               }
+                                       } else {
+                                               swap_desktops(trg.monitor, d, trg.monitor, d->next);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "desktop %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-l", *args) || streq("--layout", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "desktop %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       layout_t lyt;
+                       cycle_dir_t cyc;
+                       if (parse_cycle_direction(*args, &cyc)) {
+                               change_layout(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, (trg.desktop->layout + 1) % 2);
+                       } else if (parse_layout(*args, &lyt)) {
+                               change_layout(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, lyt);
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "desktop %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-n", *args) || streq("--rename", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "desktop %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       rename_desktop(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, *args);
+               } else if (streq("-r", *args) || streq("--remove", *args)) {
+                       if (num > 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "desktop %s: Trailing commands.\n", *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (trg.desktop->root == NULL &&
+                           trg.monitor->desk_head != trg.monitor->desk_tail) {
+                               remove_desktop(trg.monitor, trg.desktop);
+                               return;
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "desktop: Unknown command: '%s'.\n", *args);
+                       break;
+               }
+               num--, args++;
+       }
+
+       if (changed) {
+               arrange(trg.monitor, trg.desktop);
+       }
 }
 
-bool cmd_tag(char **args, int num, char *rsp)
+void cmd_monitor(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    if (num < 1)
-        return false;
-
-    coordinates_t ref = {mon, mon->desk, mon->desk->focus};
-    coordinates_t trg = {NULL, NULL, NULL};
-
-    while (num > 0) {
-        if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--desktop", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            if (!desktop_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg))
-                return false;
-        } else if (streq("-w", *args) || streq("--window", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            if (!node_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg))
-                return false;
-        } else if (streq("-s", *args) || streq("--set-tags", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1 || trg.desktop == NULL)
-                return false;
-            unsigned int tf = 0;
-            if (streq("all", *args))
-                tf = (1 << num_tags) - 1;
-            else
-                while (num > 0) {
-                    tag_t *tag = NULL;
-                    int idx;
-                    if (parse_index(*args, &idx))
-                        tag = get_tag_by_index(idx - 1);
-                    else
-                        tag = get_tag(*args);
-                    if (tag != NULL)
-                        tf |= tag->mask;
-                    num--, args++;
-                }
-            if (trg.node == NULL)
-                tag_desktop(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, tf);
-            else
-                tag_node(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, trg.desktop, tf);
-            return true;
-        } else if (streq("-t", *args) || streq("--toggle-tags", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1 || trg.desktop == NULL)
-                return false;
-            unsigned int tf;
-            if (trg.node == NULL)
-                tf = trg.desktop->tags_field;
-            else
-                tf = trg.node->client->tags_field;
-            while (num > 0) {
-                char *key;
-                bool value;
-                alter_state_t alt;
-                if (parse_bool_declaration(*args, &key, &value, &alt)) {
-                    tag_t *tag = NULL;
-                    int idx;
-                    if (parse_index(key, &idx))
-                        tag = get_tag_by_index(idx - 1);
-                    else
-                        tag = get_tag(key);
-                    if (tag != NULL) {
-                        if (alt == ALTER_SET) {
-                            if (value)
-                                tf |= tag->mask;
-                            else
-                                tf &= ~tag->mask;
-                        } else {
-                            tf ^= tag->mask;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                num--, args++;
-            }
-            if (trg.node == NULL)
-                tag_desktop(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, tf);
-            else
-                tag_node(trg.monitor, trg.desktop, trg.node, trg.desktop, tf);
-            return true;
-        } else if (streq("-e", *args) || streq("--enumerate-tags", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            int i = 0;
-            while (i < num_tags && num > 0) {
-                snprintf(tags[i]->name, sizeof(tags[i]->name), "%s", *args);
-                tags[i]->mask = 1 << i;
-                i++, num--, args++;
-            }
-            while (i < num_tags) {
-                remove_tag_by_index(i);
-            }
-            while (num > 0) {
-                add_tag(*args);
-                num--, args++;
-            }
-            put_status();
-        } else if (streq("-a", *args) || streq("--add", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            while (num > 0) {
-                add_tag(*args);
-                num--, args++;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-r", *args) || streq("--remove", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            int idx;
-            while (num > 0) {
-                if (parse_index(*args, &idx))
-                    remove_tag_by_index(idx - 1);
-                else
-                    remove_tag(*args);
-                num--, args++;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-l", *args) || streq("--list", *args)) {
-            list_tags(rsp);
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-        num--, args++;
-    }
-
-    return true;
+       if (num < 1) {
+               fail(rsp, "monitor: Missing commands.\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       coordinates_t ref = {mon, NULL, NULL};
+       coordinates_t trg = ref;
+
+       if ((*args)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+               int ret;
+               if ((ret = monitor_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg)) == SELECTOR_OK) {
+                       num--, args++;
+               } else {
+                       handle_failure(ret, "monitor", *args, rsp);
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       while (num > 0) {
+               if (streq("-f", *args) || streq("--focus", *args)) {
+                       coordinates_t dst = trg;
+                       if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+                               num--, args++;
+                               int ret;
+                               if ((ret = monitor_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                                       handle_failure(ret, "monitor -f", *args, rsp);
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       return;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       focus_node(dst.monitor, dst.monitor->desk, dst.monitor->desk->focus);
+               } else if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--reset-desktops", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "monitor %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       desktop_t *d = trg.monitor->desk_head;
+                       while (num > 0 && d != NULL) {
+                               rename_desktop(trg.monitor, d, *args);
+                               d = d->next;
+                               num--, args++;
+                       }
+                       put_status(SBSC_MASK_REPORT);
+                       while (num > 0) {
+                               add_desktop(trg.monitor, make_desktop(*args, XCB_NONE));
+                               num--, args++;
+                       }
+                       while (d != NULL) {
+                               desktop_t *next = d->next;
+                               if (d == mon->desk) {
+                                       focus_node(trg.monitor, d->prev, d->prev->focus);
+                               }
+                               merge_desktops(trg.monitor, d, mon, mon->desk);
+                               remove_desktop(trg.monitor, d);
+                               d = next;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-a", *args) || streq("--add-desktops", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "monitor %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       while (num > 0) {
+                               add_desktop(trg.monitor, make_desktop(*args, XCB_NONE));
+                               num--, args++;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-r", *args) || streq("--remove", *args)) {
+                       if (num > 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "monitor %s: Trailing commands.\n", *args);
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       if (mon_head == mon_tail) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       remove_monitor(trg.monitor);
+                       return;
+               } else if (streq("-o", *args) || streq("--order-desktops", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "monitor %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       desktop_t *d = trg.monitor->desk_head;
+                       while (d != NULL && num > 0) {
+                               desktop_t *next = d->next;
+                               coordinates_t dst;
+                               if (locate_desktop(*args, &dst) && dst.monitor == trg.monitor) {
+                                       swap_desktops(trg.monitor, d, dst.monitor, dst.desktop);
+                                       if (next == dst.desktop) {
+                                               next = d;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               d = next;
+                               num--, args++;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-g", *args) || streq("--rectangle", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "monitor %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       xcb_rectangle_t r;
+                       if (parse_rectangle(*args, &r)) {
+                               update_root(trg.monitor, &r);
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "monitor %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               return;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-n", *args) || streq("--rename", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "monitor %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       rename_monitor(trg.monitor, *args);
+               } else if (streq("-s", *args) || streq("--swap", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "monitor %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       coordinates_t dst;
+                       int ret;
+                       if ((ret = monitor_from_desc(*args, &trg, &dst)) == SELECTOR_OK) {
+                               if (!swap_monitors(trg.monitor, dst.monitor)) {
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       return;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               handle_failure(ret, "monitor -s", *args, rsp);
+                               return;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "monitor: Unknown command: '%s'.\n", *args);
+                       return;
+               }
+               num--, args++;
+       }
 }
 
-bool cmd_query(char **args, int num, char *rsp)
+void cmd_query(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    coordinates_t ref = {mon, mon->desk, mon->desk->focus};
-    coordinates_t trg = {NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    domain_t dom = DOMAIN_TREE;
-    int d = 0, t = 0;
-
-    while (num > 0) {
-        if (streq("-T", *args) || streq("--tree", *args)) {
-            dom = DOMAIN_TREE, d++;
-        } else if (streq("-M", *args) || streq("--monitors", *args)) {
-            dom = DOMAIN_MONITOR, d++;
-        } else if (streq("-D", *args) || streq("--desktops", *args)) {
-            dom = DOMAIN_DESKTOP, d++;
-        } else if (streq("-W", *args) || streq("--windows", *args)) {
-            dom = DOMAIN_WINDOW, d++;
-        } else if (streq("-H", *args) || streq("--history", *args)) {
-            dom = DOMAIN_HISTORY, d++;
-        } else if (streq("-S", *args) || streq("--stack", *args)) {
-            dom = DOMAIN_STACK, d++;
-        } else if (streq("-m", *args) || streq("--monitor", *args)) {
-            trg.monitor = ref.monitor;
-            if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
-                num--, args++;
-                if (!monitor_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg))
-                    return false;
-            }
-            t++;
-        } else if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--desktop", *args)) {
-            trg.monitor = ref.monitor;
-            trg.desktop = ref.desktop;
-            if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
-                num--, args++;
-                if (!desktop_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg))
-                    return false;
-            }
-            t++;
-        } else if (streq("-w", *args) || streq("--window", *args)) {
-            trg = ref;
-            if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
-                num--, args++;
-                if (!node_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg))
-                    return false;
-            }
-            t++;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-        num--, args++;
-    }
-
-    if (d != 1 || t > 1)
-        return false;
-
-    if (dom == DOMAIN_HISTORY)
-        query_history(trg, rsp);
-    else if (dom == DOMAIN_STACK)
-        query_stack(rsp);
-    else if (dom == DOMAIN_WINDOW)
-        query_windows(trg, rsp);
-    else
-        query_monitors(trg, dom, rsp);
-
-    return true;
+       coordinates_t ref = {mon, mon->desk, mon->desk->focus};
+       coordinates_t trg = {NULL, NULL, NULL};
+       monitor_select_t *monitor_sel = NULL;
+       desktop_select_t *desktop_sel = NULL;
+       node_select_t *node_sel = NULL;
+       domain_t dom = DOMAIN_TREE;
+       int d = 0, t = 0;
+
+       while (num > 0) {
+               if (streq("-T", *args) || streq("--tree", *args)) {
+                       dom = DOMAIN_TREE, d++;
+               } else if (streq("-M", *args) || streq("--monitors", *args)) {
+                       dom = DOMAIN_MONITOR, d++;
+               } else if (streq("-D", *args) || streq("--desktops", *args)) {
+                       dom = DOMAIN_DESKTOP, d++;
+               } else if (streq("-N", *args) || streq("--nodes", *args)) {
+                       dom = DOMAIN_NODE, d++;
+               } else if (streq("-m", *args) || streq("--monitor", *args)) {
+                       if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+                               num--, args++;
+                               int ret;
+                               if ((*args)[0] == '.') {
+                                       free(monitor_sel);
+                                       monitor_sel = malloc(sizeof(monitor_select_t));
+                                       *monitor_sel = make_monitor_select();
+                                       char *desc = copy_string(*args, strlen(*args));
+                                       if (!parse_monitor_modifiers(desc, monitor_sel)) {
+                                               handle_failure(SELECTOR_BAD_MODIFIERS, "query -m", *args, rsp);
+                                               free(desc);
+                                               goto end;
+                                       }
+                                       free(desc);
+                               } else if ((ret = monitor_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                                       handle_failure(ret, "query -m", *args, rsp);
+                                       goto end;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               trg.monitor = ref.monitor;
+                       }
+                       t++;
+               } else if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--desktop", *args)) {
+                       if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+                               num--, args++;
+                               int ret;
+                               if ((*args)[0] == '.') {
+                                       free(desktop_sel);
+                                       desktop_sel = malloc(sizeof(desktop_select_t));
+                                       *desktop_sel = make_desktop_select();
+                                       char *desc = copy_string(*args, strlen(*args));
+                                       if (!parse_desktop_modifiers(desc, desktop_sel)) {
+                                               handle_failure(SELECTOR_BAD_MODIFIERS, "query -d", *args, rsp);
+                                               free(desc);
+                                               goto end;
+                                       }
+                                       free(desc);
+                               } else if ((ret = desktop_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                                       handle_failure(ret, "query -d", *args, rsp);
+                                       goto end;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               trg.monitor = ref.monitor;
+                               trg.desktop = ref.desktop;
+                       }
+                       t++;
+               } else if (streq("-n", *args) || streq("--node", *args)) {
+                       if (num > 1 && *(args + 1)[0] != OPT_CHR) {
+                               num--, args++;
+                               int ret;
+                               if ((*args)[0] == '.') {
+                                       free(node_sel);
+                                       node_sel = malloc(sizeof(node_select_t));
+                                       *node_sel = make_node_select();
+                                       char *desc = copy_string(*args, strlen(*args));
+                                       if (!parse_node_modifiers(desc, node_sel)) {
+                                               handle_failure(SELECTOR_BAD_MODIFIERS, "query -n", *args, rsp);
+                                               free(desc);
+                                               goto end;
+                                       }
+                                       free(desc);
+                               } else if ((ret = node_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                                       handle_failure(ret, "query -n", *args, rsp);
+                                       goto end;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               trg = ref;
+                               if (ref.node == NULL) {
+                                       fail(rsp, "");
+                                       goto end;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       t++;
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "query: Unknown option: '%s'.\n", *args);
+                       goto end;
+               }
+               num--, args++;
+       }
+
+       if (d != 1 || t > 1) {
+               fail(rsp, "query: Exactly one domain and at most one constraint must be specified.\n");
+               goto end;
+       }
+
+       if (dom == DOMAIN_NODE) {
+               if (query_node_ids(trg, node_sel, rsp) < 1) {
+                       fail(rsp, "");
+               }
+       } else if (dom == DOMAIN_DESKTOP) {
+               if (query_desktop_ids(trg, desktop_sel, rsp) < 1) {
+                       fail(rsp, "");
+               }
+       } else if (dom == DOMAIN_MONITOR) {
+               if (query_monitor_ids(trg, monitor_sel, rsp) < 1) {
+                       fail(rsp, "");
+               }
+       } else {
+               if (trg.node != NULL) {
+                       query_node(trg.node, rsp);
+               } else if (trg.desktop != NULL) {
+                       query_desktop(trg.desktop, rsp);
+               } else  if (trg.monitor != NULL) {
+                       query_monitor(trg.monitor, rsp);
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "");
+                       goto end;
+               }
+               fprintf(rsp, "\n");
+       }
+
+end:
+       free(monitor_sel);
+       free(desktop_sel);
+       free(node_sel);
 }
 
-bool cmd_rule(char **args, int num, char *rsp)
+void cmd_rule(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    if (num < 1)
-        return false;
-    while (num > 0) {
-        if (streq("-a", *args) || streq("--add", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 2)
-                return false;
-            rule_t *rule = make_rule();
-            snprintf(rule->cause.name, sizeof(rule->cause.name), "%s", *args);
-            num--, args++;
-            while (num > 0) {
-                if (streq("--floating", *args)) {
-                    rule->effect.floating = true;
-                } else if (streq("--fullscreen", *args)) {
-                    rule->effect.fullscreen = true;
-                } else if (streq("--locked", *args)) {
-                    rule->effect.locked = true;
-                } else if (streq("--sticky", *args)) {
-                    rule->effect.sticky = true;
-                } else if (streq("--follow", *args)) {
-                    rule->effect.follow = true;
-                } else if (streq("--focus", *args)) {
-                    rule->effect.focus = true;
-                } else if (streq("--unmanage", *args)) {
-                    rule->effect.unmanage = true;
-                } else if (streq("--one-shot", *args)) {
-                    rule->one_shot = true;
-                } else if (streq("--tags", *args)) {
-                    num--, args++;
-                    if (num < 1) {
-                        free(rule);
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                    snprintf(rule->effect.tags, sizeof(rule->effect.tags), "%s", *args);
-                } else if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--desktop", *args)) {
-                    num--, args++;
-                    if (num < 1) {
-                        free(rule);
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                    snprintf(rule->effect.desc, sizeof(rule->effect.desc), "%s", *args);
-                } else {
-                    free(rule);
-                    return false;
-                }
-                num--, args++;
-            }
-            add_rule(rule);
-        } else if (streq("-r", *args) || streq("--remove", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            int idx;
-            while (num > 0) {
-                if (parse_index(*args, &idx))
-                    remove_rule_by_index(idx - 1);
-                else if (streq("tail", *args))
-                    remove_rule(rule_tail);
-                else if (streq("head", *args))
-                    remove_rule(rule_head);
-                else
-                    remove_rule_by_name(*args);
-                num--, args++;
-            }
-        } else if (streq("-l", *args) || streq("--list", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            list_rules(num > 0 ? *args : NULL, rsp);
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-        num--, args++;
-    }
-
-    return true;
+       if (num < 1) {
+               fail(rsp, "rule: Missing commands.\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       while (num > 0) {
+               if (streq("-a", *args) || streq("--add", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 2) {
+                               fail(rsp, "rule %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       rule_t *rule = make_rule();
+                       char *class_name = strtok(*args, COL_TOK);
+                       char *instance_name = strtok(NULL, COL_TOK);
+                       snprintf(rule->class_name, sizeof(rule->class_name), "%s", class_name);
+                       snprintf(rule->instance_name, sizeof(rule->instance_name), "%s", instance_name==NULL?MATCH_ANY:instance_name);
+                       num--, args++;
+                       size_t i = 0;
+                       while (num > 0) {
+                               if (streq("-o", *args) || streq("--one-shot", *args)) {
+                                       rule->one_shot = true;
+                               } else {
+                                       for (size_t j = 0; i < sizeof(rule->effect) && j < strlen(*args); i++, j++) {
+                                               rule->effect[i] = (*args)[j];
+                                       }
+                                       if (num > 1 && i < sizeof(rule->effect)) {
+                                               rule->effect[i++] = ' ';
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               num--, args++;
+                       }
+                       rule->effect[MIN(i, sizeof(rule->effect) - 1)] = '\0';
+                       add_rule(rule);
+               } else if (streq("-r", *args) || streq("--remove", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "rule %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       uint16_t idx;
+                       while (num > 0) {
+                               if (parse_index(*args, &idx)) {
+                                       remove_rule_by_index(idx - 1);
+                               } else if (streq("tail", *args)) {
+                                       remove_rule(rule_tail);
+                               } else if (streq("head", *args)) {
+                                       remove_rule(rule_head);
+                               } else {
+                                       remove_rule_by_cause(*args);
+                               }
+                               num--, args++;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-l", *args) || streq("--list", *args)) {
+                       list_rules(rsp);
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "rule: Unknown command: '%s'.\n", *args);
+                       return;
+               }
+               num--, args++;
+       }
 }
 
-bool cmd_pointer(char **args, int num)
+void cmd_pointer(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    if (num < 1)
-        return false;
-    while (num > 0) {
-        if (streq("-t", *args) || streq("--track", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 2)
-                return false;
-            int x, y;
-            if (sscanf(*args, "%i", &x) == 1 && sscanf(*(args + 1), "%i", &y) == 1)
-                track_pointer(x, y);
-            else
-                return false;
-        } else if (streq("-g", *args) || streq("--grab", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            pointer_action_t pac;
-            if (parse_pointer_action(*args, &pac))
-                grab_pointer(pac);
-            else
-                return false;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-        num--, args++;
-    }
-
-    return true;
+       if (num < 1) {
+               fail(rsp, "pointer: Missing commands.\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       while (num > 0) {
+               if (streq("-t", *args) || streq("--track", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 2) {
+                               fail(rsp, "pointer %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       int x, y;
+                       if (sscanf(*args, "%i", &x) == 1 && sscanf(*(args + 1), "%i", &y) == 1) {
+                               track_pointer(x, y);
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       num--, args++;
+               } else if (streq("-g", *args) || streq("--grab", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "pointer %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       pointer_action_t pac;
+                       if (parse_pointer_action(*args, &pac)) {
+                               grab_pointer(pac);
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "pointer %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               return;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-u", *args) || streq("--ungrab", *args)) {
+                       ungrab_pointer();
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "pointer: Unknown command: '%s'.\n", *args);
+                       return;
+               }
+               num--, args++;
+       }
 }
 
-bool cmd_restore(char **args, int num)
+void cmd_wm(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    if (num < 1)
-        return false;
-    while (num > 0) {
-        if (streq("-T", *args) || streq("--tree", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            restore_tree(*args);
-        } else if (streq("-H", *args) || streq("--history", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            restore_history(*args);
-        } else if (streq("-S", *args) || streq("--stack", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            restore_stack(*args);
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-        num--, args++;
-    }
-
-    return true;
+       if (num < 1) {
+               fail(rsp, "wm: Missing commands.\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       while (num > 0) {
+               if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--dump-state", *args)) {
+                       query_tree(rsp);
+                       fprintf(rsp, "\n");
+               } else if (streq("-l", *args) || streq("--load-state", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "wm %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (!restore_tree(*args)) {
+                               fail(rsp, "");
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-a", *args) || streq("--add-monitor", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 2) {
+                               fail(rsp, "wm %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       char *name = *args;
+                       num--, args++;
+                       xcb_rectangle_t r;
+                       if (parse_rectangle(*args, &r)) {
+                               monitor_t *m = make_monitor(&r, XCB_NONE);
+                               snprintf(m->name, sizeof(m->name), "%s", name);
+                               add_monitor(m);
+                               add_desktop(m, make_desktop(NULL, XCB_NONE));
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "wm %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-o", *args) || streq("--adopt-orphans", *args)) {
+                       adopt_orphans();
+               } else if (streq("-g", *args) || streq("--get-status", *args)) {
+                       print_report(rsp);
+               } else if (streq("-h", *args) || streq("--record-history", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "wm %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       bool b;
+                       if (parse_bool(*args, &b)) {
+                               record_history = b;
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "wm %s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "wm: Unkown command: '%s'.\n", *args);
+                       break;
+               }
+               num--, args++;
+       }
 }
 
-bool cmd_control(char **args, int num)
-{
-    if (num < 1)
-        return false;
-    while (num > 0) {
-        if (streq("--adopt-orphans", *args)) {
-            adopt_orphans();
-        } else if (streq("--put-status", *args)) {
-            put_status();
-        } else if (streq("--toggle-visibility", *args)) {
-            toggle_visibility();
-        } else if (streq("--record-history", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            bool b;
-            if (parse_bool(*args, &b))
-                record_history = b;
-            else
-                return false;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-        num--, args++;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool cmd_config(char **args, int num, char *rsp)
-{
-    if (num < 1)
-        return false;
-    coordinates_t ref = {mon, mon->desk, mon->desk->focus};
-    coordinates_t trg = {NULL, NULL, NULL};
-    if (*args[0] == OPT_CHR) {
-        if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--desktop", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            if (!desktop_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg))
-                return false;
-        } else if (streq("-m", *args) || streq("--monitor", *args)) {
-            num--, args++;
-            if (num < 1)
-                return false;
-            if (!monitor_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg))
-                return false;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-        num--, args++;
-    }
-    if (num == 2)
-        return set_setting(trg, *args, *(args + 1));
-    else if (num == 1)
-        return get_setting(trg, *args, rsp);
-    else
-        return false;
-}
-
-bool cmd_quit(char **args, int num)
-{
-    if (num > 0 && sscanf(*args, "%i", &exit_status) != 1)
-        return false;
-    quit();
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool set_setting(coordinates_t loc, char *name, char *value)
-{
-#define DESKSET(k, v) \
-        if (loc.desktop != NULL) \
-            loc.desktop->k = v; \
-        else if (loc.monitor != NULL) \
-            for (desktop_t *d = loc.monitor->desk_head; d != NULL; d = d->next) \
-                d->k = v; \
-        else \
-            for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next) \
-                for (desktop_t *d = m->desk_head; d != NULL; d = d->next) \
-                    d->k = v;
-    if (streq("border_width", name)) {
-        unsigned int bw;
-        if (sscanf(value, "%u", &bw) != 1)
-            return false;
-        DESKSET(border_width, bw)
-    } else if (streq("window_gap", name)) {
-        int wg;
-        if (sscanf(value, "%i", &wg) != 1)
-            return false;
-        DESKSET(window_gap, wg)
-#undef DESKSET
-#define MONSET(k) \
-    } else if (streq(#k, name)) { \
-        int v; \
-        if (sscanf(value, "%i", &v) != 1) \
-            return false; \
-        if (loc.monitor != NULL) \
-            loc.monitor->k = v; \
-        else \
-            for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m!= NULL; m = m->next) \
-                m->k = v;
-    MONSET(top_padding)
-    MONSET(right_padding)
-    MONSET(bottom_padding)
-    MONSET(left_padding)
-#undef MONSET
-    } else if (streq("split_ratio", name)) {
-        double r;
-        if (sscanf(value, "%lf", &r) == 1 && r > 0 && r < 1)
-            split_ratio = r;
-        else
-            return false;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("growth_factor", name)) {
-        double g;
-        if (sscanf(value, "%lf", &g) == 1 && g > 1)
-            growth_factor = g;
-        else
-            return false;
-        return true;
-#define SETCOLOR(s) \
-    } else if (streq(#s, name)) { \
-        snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s", value);
-    SETCOLOR(focused_border_color)
-    SETCOLOR(active_border_color)
-    SETCOLOR(normal_border_color)
-    SETCOLOR(presel_border_color)
-    SETCOLOR(focused_locked_border_color)
-    SETCOLOR(active_locked_border_color)
-    SETCOLOR(normal_locked_border_color)
-    SETCOLOR(focused_sticky_border_color)
-    SETCOLOR(active_sticky_border_color)
-    SETCOLOR(normal_sticky_border_color)
-    SETCOLOR(urgent_border_color)
-#undef SETCOLOR
-    } else if (streq("focus_follows_pointer", name)) {
-        bool b;
-        if (parse_bool(value, &b) && b != focus_follows_pointer) {
-            uint32_t values[] = {(focus_follows_pointer ? CLIENT_EVENT_MASK : CLIENT_EVENT_MASK_FFP)};
-            for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next)
-                for (desktop_t *d = m->desk_head; d != NULL; d = d->next)
-                    for (node_t *n = first_extrema(d->root); n != NULL; n = next_leaf(n, d->root))
-                        xcb_change_window_attributes(dpy, n->client->window, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
-            if (focus_follows_pointer) {
-                for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next)
-                    window_hide(m->root);
-                disable_motion_recorder();
-            } else {
-                for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next)
-                    window_show(m->root);
-                enable_motion_recorder();
-            }
-            focus_follows_pointer = b;
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-#define SETBOOL(s) \
-    } else if (streq(#s, name)) { \
-        if (!parse_bool(value, &s)) \
-            return false;
-        SETBOOL(borderless_monocle)
-        SETBOOL(gapless_monocle)
-        SETBOOL(pointer_follows_monitor)
-        SETBOOL(apply_floating_atom)
-        SETBOOL(auto_alternate)
-        SETBOOL(auto_cancel)
-        SETBOOL(history_aware_focus)
-        SETBOOL(honor_ewmh_focus)
-#undef SETBOOL
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next)
-        for (desktop_t *d = m->desk_head; d != NULL; d = d->next)
-            arrange(m, d);
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool get_setting(coordinates_t loc, char *name, char* rsp)
-{
-    if (streq("split_ratio", name))
-        snprintf(rsp, BUFSIZ, "%lf", split_ratio);
-    else if (streq("growth_factor", name))
-        snprintf(rsp, BUFSIZ, "%lf", growth_factor);
-    else if (streq("window_gap", name))
-        if (loc.desktop == NULL)
-            return false;
-        else
-            snprintf(rsp, BUFSIZ, "%i", loc.desktop->window_gap);
-    else if (streq("border_width", name))
-        if (loc.desktop == NULL)
-            return false;
-        else
-            snprintf(rsp, BUFSIZ, "%u", loc.desktop->border_width);
-#define MONGET(k) \
-    else if (streq(#k, name)) \
-        if (loc.monitor == NULL) \
-            return false; \
-        else \
-            snprintf(rsp, BUFSIZ, "%i", loc.monitor->k);
-    MONGET(top_padding)
-    MONGET(right_padding)
-    MONGET(bottom_padding)
-    MONGET(left_padding)
-#undef MONGET
-#define GETCOLOR(s) \
-    else if (streq(#s, name)) \
-        snprintf(rsp, BUFSIZ, "%s", s);
-    GETCOLOR(focused_border_color)
-    GETCOLOR(active_border_color)
-    GETCOLOR(normal_border_color)
-    GETCOLOR(presel_border_color)
-    GETCOLOR(focused_locked_border_color)
-    GETCOLOR(active_locked_border_color)
-    GETCOLOR(normal_locked_border_color)
-    GETCOLOR(focused_sticky_border_color)
-    GETCOLOR(active_sticky_border_color)
-    GETCOLOR(normal_sticky_border_color)
-    GETCOLOR(urgent_border_color)
-#undef GETCOLOR
-#define GETBOOL(s) \
-    else if (streq(#s, name)) \
-        snprintf(rsp, BUFSIZ, "%s", BOOLSTR(s));
-    GETBOOL(borderless_monocle)
-    GETBOOL(gapless_monocle)
-    GETBOOL(focus_follows_pointer)
-    GETBOOL(pointer_follows_monitor)
-    GETBOOL(apply_floating_atom)
-    GETBOOL(auto_alternate)
-    GETBOOL(auto_cancel)
-    GETBOOL(history_aware_focus)
-    GETBOOL(honor_ewmh_focus)
-#undef GETBOOL
-    else
-        return false;
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool parse_bool(char *value, bool *b)
-{
-    if (streq("true", value) || streq("on", value)) {
-        *b = true;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("false", value) || streq("off", value)) {
-        *b = false;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool parse_layout(char *s, layout_t *l)
-{
-    if (streq("monocle", s)) {
-        *l = LAYOUT_MONOCLE;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("tiled", s)) {
-        *l = LAYOUT_TILED;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool parse_direction(char *s, direction_t *d)
-{
-    if (streq("right", s)) {
-        *d = DIR_RIGHT;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("down", s)) {
-        *d = DIR_DOWN;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("left", s)) {
-        *d = DIR_LEFT;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("up", s)) {
-        *d = DIR_UP;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool parse_cycle_direction(char *s, cycle_dir_t *d)
-{
-    if (streq("next", s)) {
-        *d = CYCLE_NEXT;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("prev", s)) {
-        *d = CYCLE_PREV;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool parse_circulate_direction(char *s, circulate_dir_t *d)
-{
-    if (streq("forward", s)) {
-        *d = CIRCULATE_FORWARD;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("backward", s)) {
-        *d = CIRCULATE_BACKWARD;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool parse_history_direction(char *s, history_dir_t *d)
-{
-    if (streq("older", s)) {
-        *d = HISTORY_OLDER;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("newer", s)) {
-        *d = HISTORY_NEWER;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-
-bool parse_flip(char *s, flip_t *f)
+int cmd_subscribe(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    if (streq("horizontal", s)) {
-        *f = FLIP_HORIZONTAL;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("vertical", s)) {
-        *f = FLIP_VERTICAL;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
+       int field = 0;
+       if (num < 1) {
+               field = SBSC_MASK_REPORT;
+       } else {
+               subscriber_mask_t mask;
+               while (num > 0) {
+                       if (parse_subscriber_mask(*args, &mask)) {
+                               field |= mask;
+                       } else {
+                               fail(rsp, "subscribe: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *args);
+                               return SUBSCRIBE_FAILURE;
+                       }
+                       num--, args++;
+               }
+       }
+
+       add_subscriber(rsp, field);
+       return SUBSCRIBE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-bool parse_fence_move(char *s, fence_move_t *m)
+void cmd_quit(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    if (streq("push", s)) {
-        *m = MOVE_PUSH;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("pull", s)) {
-        *m = MOVE_PULL;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
+       if (num > 0 && sscanf(*args, "%i", &exit_status) != 1) {
+               fail(rsp, "%s: Invalid argument: '%s'.\n", *(args - 1), *args);
+               return;
+       }
+       running = false;
 }
 
-bool parse_pointer_action(char *s, pointer_action_t *a)
+void cmd_config(char **args, int num, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    if (streq("move", s)) {
-        *a = ACTION_MOVE;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("resize_corner", s)) {
-        *a = ACTION_RESIZE_CORNER;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("resize_side", s)) {
-        *a = ACTION_RESIZE_SIDE;
-        return true;
-    } else if (streq("focus", s)) {
-        *a = ACTION_FOCUS;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
+       if (num < 1) {
+               fail(rsp, "config: Missing arguments.\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       coordinates_t ref = {mon, mon->desk, mon->desk->focus};
+       coordinates_t trg = {NULL, NULL, NULL};
+
+       while (num > 0 && (*args)[0] == OPT_CHR) {
+               if (streq("-m", *args) || streq("--monitor", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "config %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       int ret;
+                       if ((ret = monitor_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                               handle_failure(ret, "config -m", *args, rsp);
+                               return;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-d", *args) || streq("--desktop", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "config %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       int ret;
+                       if ((ret = desktop_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                               handle_failure(ret, "config -d", *args, rsp);
+                               return;
+                       }
+               } else if (streq("-n", *args) || streq("--node", *args)) {
+                       num--, args++;
+                       if (num < 1) {
+                               fail(rsp, "config %s: Not enough arguments.\n", *(args - 1));
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       int ret;
+                       if ((ret = node_from_desc(*args, &ref, &trg)) != SELECTOR_OK) {
+                               handle_failure(ret, "config -n", *args, rsp);
+                               return;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "config: Unknown option: '%s'.\n", *args);
+                       return;
+               }
+               num--, args++;
+       }
+       if (num == 2) {
+               set_setting(trg, *args, *(args + 1), rsp);
+       } else if (num == 1) {
+               get_setting(trg, *args, rsp);
+       } else {
+               fail(rsp, "config: Was expecting 1 or 2 arguments, received %i.\n", num);
+       }
 }
 
-bool parse_degree(char *s, int *d)
+void set_setting(coordinates_t loc, char *name, char *value, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    int i = atoi(s);
-    while (i < 0)
-        i += 360;
-    while (i > 359)
-        i -= 360;
-    if ((i % 90) != 0) {
-        return false;
-    } else {
-        *d = i;
-        return true;
-    }
+       bool colors_changed = false;
+#define SET_DEF_DEFMON_DEFDESK_WIN(k, v) \
+               if (loc.node != NULL) { \
+                       loc.node->client->k = v; \
+               } else if (loc.desktop != NULL) { \
+                       loc.desktop->k = v; \
+                       for (node_t *n = first_extrema(loc.desktop->root); n != NULL; n = next_leaf(n, loc.desktop->root)) { \
+                               if (n->client != NULL) { \
+                                       n->client->k = v; \
+                               } \
+                       } \
+               } else if (loc.monitor != NULL) { \
+                       loc.monitor->k = v; \
+                       for (desktop_t *d = loc.monitor->desk_head; d != NULL; d = d->next) { \
+                               d->k = v; \
+                               for (node_t *n = first_extrema(d->root); n != NULL; n = next_leaf(n, d->root)) { \
+                                       if (n->client != NULL) { \
+                                               n->client->k = v; \
+                                       } \
+                               } \
+                       } \
+               } else { \
+                       k = v; \
+                       for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next) { \
+                               m->k = v; \
+                               for (desktop_t *d = m->desk_head; d != NULL; d = d->next) { \
+                                       d->k = v; \
+                                       for (node_t *n = first_extrema(d->root); n != NULL; n = next_leaf(n, d->root)) { \
+                                               if (n->client != NULL) { \
+                                                       n->client->k = v; \
+                                               } \
+                                       } \
+                               } \
+                       } \
+               }
+       if (streq("border_width", name)) {
+               unsigned int bw;
+               if (sscanf(value, "%u", &bw) != 1) {
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.", name, value);
+                       return;
+               }
+               SET_DEF_DEFMON_DEFDESK_WIN(border_width, bw)
+#undef SET_DEF_DEFMON_DEFDESK_WIN
+#define SET_DEF_DEFMON_DESK(k, v) \
+               if (loc.desktop != NULL) { \
+                       loc.desktop->k = v; \
+               } else if (loc.monitor != NULL) { \
+                       loc.monitor->k = v; \
+                       for (desktop_t *d = loc.monitor->desk_head; d != NULL; d = d->next) { \
+                               d->k = v; \
+                       } \
+               } else { \
+                       k = v; \
+                       for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next) { \
+                               m->k = v; \
+                               for (desktop_t *d = m->desk_head; d != NULL; d = d->next) { \
+                                       d->k = v; \
+                               } \
+                       } \
+               }
+       } else if (streq("window_gap", name)) {
+               int wg;
+               if (sscanf(value, "%i", &wg) != 1) {
+                       fail(rsp, "");
+                       return;
+               }
+               SET_DEF_DEFMON_DESK(window_gap, wg)
+#undef SET_DEF_DEFMON_DESK
+#define SET_DEF_MON_DESK(k, v) \
+               if (loc.desktop != NULL) { \
+                       loc.desktop->k = v; \
+               } else if (loc.monitor != NULL) { \
+                       loc.monitor->k = v; \
+               } else { \
+                       k = v; \
+                       for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next) { \
+                               m->k = v; \
+                       } \
+               }
+       } else if (streq("top_padding", name)) {
+               int tp;
+               if (sscanf(value, "%i", &tp) != 1) {
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.\n", name, value);
+                       return;
+               }
+               SET_DEF_MON_DESK(padding.top, tp)
+       } else if (streq("right_padding", name)) {
+               int rp;
+               if (sscanf(value, "%i", &rp) != 1) {
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.\n", name, value);
+                       return;
+               }
+               SET_DEF_MON_DESK(padding.right, rp)
+       } else if (streq("bottom_padding", name)) {
+               int bp;
+               if (sscanf(value, "%i", &bp) != 1) {
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.\n", name, value);
+                       return;
+               }
+               SET_DEF_MON_DESK(padding.bottom, bp)
+       } else if (streq("left_padding", name)) {
+               int lp;
+               if (sscanf(value, "%i", &lp) != 1) {
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.\n", name, value);
+                       return;
+               }
+               SET_DEF_MON_DESK(padding.left, lp)
+#undef SET_DEF_MON_DESK
+#define SET_STR(s) \
+       } else if (streq(#s, name)) { \
+               if (snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s", value) < 0) { \
+                       fail(rsp, ""); \
+                       return; \
+               }
+       SET_STR(external_rules_command)
+       SET_STR(status_prefix)
+#undef SET_STR
+       } else if (streq("split_ratio", name)) {
+               double r;
+               if (sscanf(value, "%lf", &r) == 1 && r > 0 && r < 1) {
+                       split_ratio = r;
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.\n", name, value); \
+                       return;
+               }
+               return;
+#define SET_COLOR(s) \
+       } else if (streq(#s, name)) { \
+               if (!is_hex_color(value)) { \
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.\n", name, value); \
+                       return; \
+               } else { \
+                       snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s", value); \
+                       colors_changed = true; \
+               }
+       SET_COLOR(normal_border_color)
+       SET_COLOR(active_border_color)
+       SET_COLOR(focused_border_color)
+       SET_COLOR(presel_feedback_color)
+#undef SET_COLOR
+       } else if (streq("initial_polarity", name)) {
+               child_polarity_t p;
+               if (parse_child_polarity(value, &p)) {
+                       initial_polarity = p;
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.\n", name, value);
+                       return;
+               }
+       } else if (streq("focus_follows_pointer", name)) {
+               bool b;
+               if (parse_bool(value, &b)) {
+                       if (b == focus_follows_pointer) {
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       focus_follows_pointer = b;
+                       uint32_t values[] = {CLIENT_EVENT_MASK | (focus_follows_pointer ? XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW : 0)};
+                       for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next) {
+                               for (desktop_t *d = m->desk_head; d != NULL; d = d->next) {
+                                       for (node_t *n = first_extrema(d->root); n != NULL; n = next_leaf(n, d->root)) {
+                                               if (n->client == NULL) {
+                                                       continue;
+                                               }
+                                               xcb_change_window_attributes(dpy, n->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (focus_follows_pointer) {
+                               for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next) {
+                                       window_show(m->root);
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next) {
+                                       window_hide(m->root);
+                               }
+                               disable_motion_recorder();
+                       }
+                       return;
+               } else {
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.\n", name, value);
+                       return;
+               }
+#define SET_BOOL(s) \
+       } else if (streq(#s, name)) { \
+               if (!parse_bool(value, &s)) { \
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.\n", name, value); \
+                       return; \
+               }
+               SET_BOOL(borderless_monocle)
+               SET_BOOL(gapless_monocle)
+               SET_BOOL(paddingless_monocle)
+               SET_BOOL(single_monocle)
+               SET_BOOL(pointer_follows_focus)
+               SET_BOOL(pointer_follows_monitor)
+               SET_BOOL(history_aware_focus)
+               SET_BOOL(focus_by_distance)
+               SET_BOOL(ignore_ewmh_focus)
+               SET_BOOL(center_pseudo_tiled)
+#undef SET_BOOL
+#define SET_MON_BOOL(s) \
+       } else if (streq(#s, name)) { \
+               if (!parse_bool(value, &s)) { \
+                       fail(rsp, "config: %s: Invalid value: '%s'.\n", name, value); \
+                       return; \
+               } \
+               if (s) { \
+                       update_monitors(); \
+               }
+               SET_MON_BOOL(remove_disabled_monitors)
+               SET_MON_BOOL(remove_unplugged_monitors)
+               SET_MON_BOOL(merge_overlapping_monitors)
+#undef SET_MON_BOOL
+       } else {
+               fail(rsp, "config: Unknown setting: '%s'.\n", name);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       for (monitor_t *m = mon_head; m != NULL; m = m->next) {
+               for (desktop_t *d = m->desk_head; d != NULL; d = d->next) {
+                       arrange(m, d);
+                       if (colors_changed) {
+                               update_colors_in(d->root, d, m);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
 }
 
-bool parse_window_id(char *s, long int *i)
+void get_setting(coordinates_t loc, char *name, FILE* rsp)
 {
-    char *end;
-    errno = 0;
-    long int ret = strtol(s, &end, 0);
-    if (errno != 0 || *end != '\0')
-        return false;
-    else
-        *i = ret;
-    return true;
+       if (streq("split_ratio", name)) {
+               fprintf(rsp, "%lf", split_ratio);
+       } else if (streq("border_width", name)) {
+               if (loc.node != NULL) {
+                       fprintf(rsp, "%u", loc.node->client->border_width);
+               } else if (loc.desktop != NULL) {
+                       fprintf(rsp, "%u", loc.desktop->border_width);
+               } else if (loc.monitor != NULL) {
+                       fprintf(rsp, "%u", loc.monitor->border_width);
+               } else {
+                       fprintf(rsp, "%u", border_width);
+               }
+       } else if (streq("window_gap", name)) {
+               if (loc.desktop != NULL) {
+                       fprintf(rsp, "%i", loc.desktop->window_gap);
+               } else if (loc.monitor != NULL) {
+                       fprintf(rsp, "%i", loc.monitor->window_gap);
+               } else {
+                       fprintf(rsp, "%i", window_gap);
+               }
+#define GET_DEF_MON_DESK(k) \
+               if (loc.desktop != NULL) { \
+                       fprintf(rsp, "%i", loc.desktop->k); \
+               } else if (loc.monitor != NULL) { \
+                       fprintf(rsp, "%i", loc.monitor->k); \
+               } else { \
+                       fprintf(rsp, "%i", k); \
+               }
+       } else if (streq("top_padding", name)) {
+               GET_DEF_MON_DESK(padding.top)
+       } else if (streq("right_padding", name)) {
+               GET_DEF_MON_DESK(padding.right)
+       } else if (streq("bottom_padding", name)) {
+               GET_DEF_MON_DESK(padding.bottom)
+       } else if (streq("left_padding", name)) {
+               GET_DEF_MON_DESK(padding.left)
+#undef GET_DEF_MON_DESK
+       } else if (streq("external_rules_command", name)) {
+               fprintf(rsp, "%s", external_rules_command);
+       } else if (streq("status_prefix", name)) {
+               fprintf(rsp, "%s", status_prefix);
+       } else if (streq("initial_polarity", name)) {
+               fprintf(rsp, "%s", CHILD_POL_STR(initial_polarity));
+#define GET_COLOR(s) \
+       } else if (streq(#s, name)) { \
+               fprintf(rsp, "%s", s);
+       GET_COLOR(normal_border_color)
+       GET_COLOR(active_border_color)
+       GET_COLOR(focused_border_color)
+       GET_COLOR(presel_feedback_color)
+#undef GET_COLOR
+#define GET_BOOL(s) \
+       } else if (streq(#s, name)) { \
+               fprintf(rsp, "%s", BOOL_STR(s));
+       GET_BOOL(borderless_monocle)
+       GET_BOOL(gapless_monocle)
+       GET_BOOL(paddingless_monocle)
+       GET_BOOL(single_monocle)
+       GET_BOOL(focus_follows_pointer)
+       GET_BOOL(pointer_follows_focus)
+       GET_BOOL(pointer_follows_monitor)
+       GET_BOOL(history_aware_focus)
+       GET_BOOL(focus_by_distance)
+       GET_BOOL(ignore_ewmh_focus)
+       GET_BOOL(center_pseudo_tiled)
+       GET_BOOL(remove_disabled_monitors)
+       GET_BOOL(remove_unplugged_monitors)
+       GET_BOOL(merge_overlapping_monitors)
+#undef GET_BOOL
+       } else {
+               fail(rsp, "config: Unknown setting: '%s'.\n", name);
+               return;
+       }
+       fprintf(rsp, "\n");
 }
 
-bool parse_bool_declaration(char *s, char **key, bool *value, alter_state_t *state)
+void handle_failure(int code, char *src, char *val, FILE *rsp)
 {
-    *key = strtok(s, EQL_TOK);
-    char *v = strtok(NULL, EQL_TOK);
-    if (v == NULL) {
-        *state = ALTER_TOGGLE;
-        return true;
-    } else {
-        if (parse_bool(v, value)) {
-            *state = ALTER_SET;
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
+       switch (code) {
+               case SELECTOR_BAD_DESCRIPTOR:
+                       fail(rsp, "%s: Invalid descriptor found in '%s'.\n", src, val);
+                       break;
+               case SELECTOR_BAD_MODIFIERS:
+                       fail(rsp, "%s: Invalid modifier found in '%s'.\n", src, val);
+                       break;
+               case SELECTOR_INVALID:
+                       fail(rsp, "");
+                       break;
+       }
 }
 
-bool parse_index(char *s, int *i)
+void fail(FILE *rsp, char *fmt, ...)
 {
-    int idx;
-    if (sscanf(s, "^%i", &idx) != 1 || idx < 1)
-        return false;
-    *i = idx;
-    return true;
+       fprintf(rsp, FAILURE_MESSAGE);
+       va_list ap;
+       va_start(ap, fmt);
+       vfprintf(rsp, fmt, ap);
+       va_end(ap);
 }