- [Lint passes](#lint-passes)
- [Emitting a lint](#emitting-a-lint)
- [Adding the lint logic](#adding-the-lint-logic)
+ - [Specifying the lint's minimum supported Rust version (MSRV)](#specifying-the-lints-minimum-supported-rust-version-msrv)
- [Author lint](#author-lint)
- [Documentation](#documentation)
- [Running rustfmt](#running-rustfmt)
- [Debugging](#debugging)
- [PR Checklist](#pr-checklist)
+ - [Adding configuration to a lint](#adding-configuration-to-a-lint)
- [Cheatsheet](#cheatsheet)
## Setup
-When working on Clippy, you will need the current git master version of rustc,
-which can change rapidly. Make sure you're working near rust-clippy's master,
-and use the `setup-toolchain.sh` script to configure the appropriate toolchain
-for the Clippy directory.
+See the [Basics](basics.md#get-the-code) documentation.
## Getting Started
lint. Fortunately, you can use the clippy dev tools to handle this for you. We
are naming our new lint `foo_functions` (lints are generally written in snake
case), and we don't need type information so it will have an early pass type
-(more on this later on). To get started on this lint you can run
-`cargo dev new_lint --name=foo_functions --pass=early --category=pedantic`
-(category will default to nursery if not provided). This command will create
-two files: `tests/ui/foo_functions.rs` and `clippy_lints/src/foo_functions.rs`,
-as well as run `cargo dev update_lints` to register the new lint. For cargo lints,
-two project hierarchies (fail/pass) will be created by default under `tests/ui-cargo`.
+(more on this later on). If you're not sure if the name you chose fits the lint,
+take a look at our [lint naming guidelines][lint_naming]. To get started on this
+lint you can run `cargo dev new_lint --name=foo_functions --pass=early
+--category=pedantic` (category will default to nursery if not provided). This
+command will create two files: `tests/ui/foo_functions.rs` and
+`clippy_lints/src/foo_functions.rs`, as well as run `cargo dev update_lints` to
+register the new lint. For cargo lints, two project hierarchies (fail/pass) will
+be created by default under `tests/ui-cargo`.
Next, we'll open up these files and add our lint!
test. That allows us to check if the output is turning into what we want.
Once we are satisfied with the output, we need to run
-`tests/ui/update-all-references.sh` to update the `.stderr` file for our lint.
+`cargo dev bless` to update the `.stderr` file for our lint.
Please note that, we should run `TESTNAME=foo_functions cargo uitest`
-every time before running `tests/ui/update-all-references.sh`.
+every time before running `cargo dev bless`.
Running `TESTNAME=foo_functions cargo uitest` should pass then. When we commit
our lint, we need to commit the generated `.stderr` files, too. In general, you
-should only commit files changed by `tests/ui/update-all-references.sh` for the
-specific lint you are creating/editing.
+should only commit files changed by `cargo dev bless` for the
+specific lint you are creating/editing. Note that if the generated files are
+empty, they should be removed.
+
+Note that you can run multiple test files by specifying a comma separated list:
+`TESTNAME=foo_functions,test2,test3`.
### Cargo lints
the `Cargo.toml` manifest file. We also need a minimal crate associated
with that manifest.
-If our new lint is named e.g. `foo_categories`, after running `cargo dev new_lint`
+If our new lint is named e.g. `foo_categories`, after running `cargo dev new_lint`
we will find by default two new crates, each with its manifest file:
* `tests/ui-cargo/foo_categories/fail/Cargo.toml`: this file should cause the new lint to raise an error.
If you need more cases, you can copy one of those crates (under `foo_categories`) and rename it.
The process of generating the `.stderr` file is the same, and prepending the `TESTNAME`
-variable to `cargo uitest` works too, but the script to update the references
-is in another path: `tests/ui-cargo/update-all-references.sh`.
+variable to `cargo uitest` works too.
## Rustfix tests
from the lint to the code of the test file and compare that to the contents of
a `.fixed` file.
-Use `tests/ui/update-all-references.sh` to automatically generate the
+Use `cargo dev bless` to automatically generate the
`.fixed` file after running the tests.
[rustfix]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfix
Manually testing against an example file can be useful if you have added some
`println!`s and the test suite output becomes unreadable. To try Clippy with
-your local modifications, run `env CLIPPY_TESTS=true cargo run --bin
-clippy-driver -- -L ./target/debug input.rs` from the working copy root.
+your local modifications, run
-With tests in place, let's have a look at implementing our lint now.
+```
+env __CLIPPY_INTERNAL_TESTS=true cargo run --bin clippy-driver -- -L ./target/debug input.rs
+```
+
+from the working copy root. With tests in place, let's have a look at
+implementing our lint now.
## Lint declaration
* The section of lines prefixed with `///` constitutes the lint documentation
section. This is the default documentation style and will be displayed
- [like this][example_lint_page].
+ [like this][example_lint_page]. To render and open this documentation locally
+ in a browser, run `cargo dev serve`.
* `FOO_FUNCTIONS` is the name of our lint. Be sure to follow the
[lint naming guidelines][lint_naming] here when naming your lint.
In short, the name should state the thing that is being checked for and
store.register_early_pass(|| box foo_functions::FooFunctions);
```
+As one may expect, there is a corresponding `register_late_pass` method
+available as well. Without a call to one of `register_early_pass` or
+`register_late_pass`, the lint pass in question will not be run.
+
+One reason that `cargo dev` does not automate this step is that multiple lints
+can use the same lint pass, so registering the lint pass may already be done
+when adding a new lint. Another reason that this step is not automated is that
+the order that the passes are registered determines the order the passes
+actually run, which in turn affects the order that any emitted lints are output
+in.
+
[declare_clippy_lint]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/blob/557f6848bd5b7183f55c1e1522a326e9e1df6030/clippy_lints/src/lib.rs#L60
[example_lint_page]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#redundant_closure
[lint_naming]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0344-conventions-galore.html#lints
Depending on how complex we want our lint message to be, we can choose from a
variety of lint emission functions. They can all be found in
-[`clippy_lints/src/utils/diagnostics.rs`][diagnostics].
+[`clippy_utils/src/diagnostics.rs`][diagnostics].
`span_lint_and_help` seems most appropriate in this case. It allows us to
provide an extra help message and we can't really suggest a better name
Running our UI test should now produce output that contains the lint message.
+According to [the rustc-dev-guide], the text should be matter of fact and avoid
+capitalization and periods, unless multiple sentences are needed.
+When code or an identifier must appear in a message or label, it should be
+surrounded with single grave accents \`.
+
[check_fn]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc_lint/trait.EarlyLintPass.html#method.check_fn
-[diagnostics]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/blob/master/clippy_lints/src/utils/diagnostics.rs
+[diagnostics]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/blob/master/clippy_utils/src/diagnostics.rs
+[the rustc-dev-guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/diagnostics.html
## Adding the lint logic
Now we should also run the full test suite with `cargo test`. At this point
running `cargo test` should produce the expected output. Remember to run
-`tests/ui/update-all-references.sh` to update the `.stderr` file.
+`cargo dev bless` to update the `.stderr` file.
`cargo test` (as opposed to `cargo uitest`) will also ensure that our lint
implementation is not violating any Clippy lints itself.
[`FnKind::Fn`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc_ast/visit/enum.FnKind.html#variant.Fn
[ident]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc_span/symbol/struct.Ident.html
+## Specifying the lint's minimum supported Rust version (MSRV)
+
+Projects supporting older versions of Rust would need to disable a lint if it
+targets features present in later versions. Support for this can be added by
+specifying an MSRV in your lint like so,
+
+```rust
+const MANUAL_STRIP_MSRV: RustcVersion = RustcVersion::new(1, 45, 0);
+```
+
+The project's MSRV will also have to be an attribute in the lint so you'll have
+to add a struct and constructor for your lint. The project's MSRV needs to be
+passed when the lint is registered in `lib.rs`
+
+```rust
+pub struct ManualStrip {
+ msrv: Option<RustcVersion>,
+}
+
+impl ManualStrip {
+ #[must_use]
+ pub fn new(msrv: Option<RustcVersion>) -> Self {
+ Self { msrv }
+ }
+}
+```
+
+The project's MSRV can then be matched against the lint's `msrv` in the LintPass
+using the `meets_msrv` utility function.
+
+``` rust
+if !meets_msrv(self.msrv.as_ref(), &MANUAL_STRIP_MSRV) {
+ return;
+}
+```
+
+The project's MSRV can also be specified as an inner attribute, which overrides
+the value from `clippy.toml`. This can be accounted for using the
+`extract_msrv_attr!(LintContext)` macro and passing
+`LateContext`/`EarlyContext`.
+
+```rust
+impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for ManualStrip {
+ fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
+ ...
+ }
+ extract_msrv_attr!(LateContext);
+}
+```
+
+Once the `msrv` is added to the lint, a relevant test case should be added to
+`tests/ui/min_rust_version_attr.rs` which verifies that the lint isn't emitted
+if the project's MSRV is lower.
+
+As a last step, the lint should be added to the lint documentation. This is done
+in `clippy_lints/src/utils/conf.rs`:
+
+```rust
+define_Conf! {
+ /// Lint: LIST, OF, LINTS, <THE_NEWLY_ADDED_LINT>. The minimum rust version that the project supports
+ (msrv, "msrv": Option<String>, None),
+ ...
+}
+```
+
## Author lint
If you have trouble implementing your lint, there is also the internal `author`
<!-- Sync this with `.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE` -->
-- [ ] Followed [lint naming conventions][lint_naming]
-- [ ] Added passing UI tests (including committed `.stderr` file)
-- [ ] `cargo test` passes locally
-- [ ] Executed `cargo dev update_lints`
-- [ ] Added lint documentation
-- [ ] Run `cargo dev fmt`
+- \[ ] Followed [lint naming conventions][lint_naming]
+- \[ ] Added passing UI tests (including committed `.stderr` file)
+- \[ ] `cargo test` passes locally
+- \[ ] Executed `cargo dev update_lints`
+- \[ ] Added lint documentation
+- \[ ] Run `cargo dev fmt`
+
+## Adding configuration to a lint
+
+Clippy supports the configuration of lints values using a `clippy.toml` file in the workspace
+directory. Adding a configuration to a lint can be useful for thresholds or to constrain some
+behavior that can be seen as a false positive for some users. Adding a configuration is done
+in the following steps:
+
+1. Adding a new configuration entry to [clippy_utils::conf](/clippy_utils/src/conf.rs)
+ like this:
+ ```rust
+ /// Lint: LINT_NAME. <The configuration field doc comment>
+ (configuration_ident, "configuration_value": Type, DefaultValue),
+ ```
+ The configuration value and identifier should usually be the same. The doc comment will be
+ automatically added to the lint documentation.
+2. Adding the configuration value to the lint impl struct:
+ 1. This first requires the definition of a lint impl struct. Lint impl structs are usually
+ generated with the `declare_lint_pass!` macro. This struct needs to be defined manually
+ to add some kind of metadata to it:
+ ```rust
+ // Generated struct definition
+ declare_lint_pass!(StructName => [
+ LINT_NAME
+ ]);
+
+ // New manual definition struct
+ #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+ pub struct StructName {}
+
+ impl_lint_pass!(StructName => [
+ LINT_NAME
+ ]);
+ ```
+
+ 2. Next add the configuration value and a corresponding creation method like this:
+ ```rust
+ #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+ pub struct StructName {
+ configuration_ident: Type,
+ }
+
+ // ...
+
+ impl StructName {
+ pub fn new(configuration_ident: Type) -> Self {
+ Self {
+ configuration_ident,
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ ```
+3. Passing the configuration value to the lint impl struct:
+
+ First find the struct construction in the [clippy_lints lib file](/clippy_lints/src/lib.rs).
+ The configuration value is now cloned or copied into a local value that is then passed to the
+ impl struct like this:
+ ```rust
+ // Default generated registration:
+ store.register_*_pass(|| box module::StructName);
+
+ // New registration with configuration value
+ let configuration_ident = conf.configuration_ident.clone();
+ store.register_*_pass(move || box module::StructName::new(configuration_ident));
+ ```
+
+ Congratulations the work is almost done. The configuration value can now be accessed
+ in the linting code via `self.configuration_ident`.
+
+4. Adding tests:
+ 1. The default configured value can be tested like any normal lint in [`tests/ui`](/tests/ui).
+ 2. The configuration itself will be tested separately in [`tests/ui-toml`](/tests/ui-toml).
+ Simply add a new subfolder with a fitting name. This folder contains a `clippy.toml` file
+ with the configuration value and a rust file that should be linted by Clippy. The test can
+ otherwise be written as usual.
## Cheatsheet
While most of Clippy's lint utils are documented, most of rustc's internals lack
documentation currently. This is unfortunate, but in most cases you can probably
get away with copying things from existing similar lints. If you are stuck,
-don't hesitate to ask on [Discord] or in the issue/PR.
+don't hesitate to ask on [Zulip] or in the issue/PR.
-[utils]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/blob/master/clippy_lints/src/utils/mod.rs
+[utils]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/blob/master/clippy_utils/src/lib.rs
[if_chain]: https://docs.rs/if_chain/*/if_chain/
[from_expansion]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc_span/struct.Span.html#method.from_expansion
[in_external_macro]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc_middle/lint/fn.in_external_macro.html
[nightly_docs]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc_middle/
[ast]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc_ast/ast/index.html
[ty]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc_middle/ty/sty/index.html
-[Discord]: https://discord.gg/rust-lang
+[Zulip]: https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/clippy
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