--- /dev/null
+#include "acd.h"
+
+void*
+emalloc(uint n)
+{
+ void *p;
+
+ p = malloc(n);
+ if(p == nil)
+ error("can't malloc: %r");
+ memset(p, 0, n);
+ return p;
+}
+
+char*
+estrdup(char *s)
+{
+ char *t;
+
+ t = emalloc(strlen(s)+1);
+ strcpy(t, s);
+ return t;
+}
+
+char*
+estrstrdup(char *s, char *t)
+{
+ char *u;
+
+ u = emalloc(strlen(s)+strlen(t)+1);
+ strcpy(u, s);
+ strcat(u, t);
+ return u;
+}
+
+char*
+eappend(char *s, char *sep, char *t)
+{
+ char *u;
+
+ if(t == nil)
+ u = estrstrdup(s, sep);
+ else{
+ u = emalloc(strlen(s)+strlen(sep)+strlen(t)+1);
+ strcpy(u, s);
+ strcat(u, sep);
+ strcat(u, t);
+ }
+ free(s);
+ return u;
+}
+
+char*
+egrow(char *s, char *sep, char *t)
+{
+ s = eappend(s, sep, t);
+ free(t);
+ return s;
+}
+
+void
+error(char *fmt, ...)
+{
+ int n;
+ va_list arg;
+ char buf[256];
+
+ fprint(2, "Mail: ");
+ va_start(arg, fmt);
+ n = vsnprint(buf, sizeof buf, fmt, arg);
+ va_end(arg);
+ write(2, buf, n);
+ write(2, "\n", 1);
+ threadexitsall(fmt);
+}
+
+void
+ctlprint(int fd, char *fmt, ...)
+{
+ int n;
+ va_list arg;
+ char buf[256];
+
+ va_start(arg, fmt);
+ n = vsnprint(buf, sizeof buf, fmt, arg);
+ va_end(arg);
+ if(write(fd, buf, n) != n)
+ error("control file write error: %r");
+}