+#include <iomanip>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#define STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define TOSTRING(x) STRINGIFY(x)
+
+// Checks whether a value is an ASCII printable character
+#define IS_ASCII_PRINTABLE_CHAR(x) \
+ (((unsigned int)(x) >= 0x20) && \
+ ( (unsigned int)(x) <= 0x7e))
+
+// Checks whether a byte is an inner byte for an utf-8 multibyte sequence
+#define IS_UTF8_MULTB_INNER(x) \
+ (((unsigned char)(x) >= 0x80) && \
+ ( (unsigned char)(x) <= 0xbf))
+
+// Checks whether a byte is a start byte for an utf-8 multibyte sequence
+#define IS_UTF8_MULTB_START(x) \
+ (((unsigned char)(x) >= 0xc2) && \
+ ( (unsigned char)(x) <= 0xf4))
+
+// Given a start byte x for an utf-8 multibyte sequence
+// it gives the length of the whole sequence in bytes.
+#define UTF8_MULTB_START_LEN(x) \
+ (((unsigned char)(x) < 0xe0) ? 2 : \
+ (((unsigned char)(x) < 0xf0) ? 3 : 4))
+
+typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> StringMap;