3 rio, label, window, wloc \- window system
31 .I minx miny maxx maxy
67 manages asynchronous layers of text, or windows, on a raster display.
68 It also serves a variety of files for communicating with
69 and controlling windows; these are discussed in section
74 command starts a new instance of the window system.
77 option names a startup script, which typically contains several
87 at startup and allow it to provide characters as keyboard input; the
95 option initializes windows so that text scrolls;
96 the default is not to scroll.
99 option reverses the normal color sheme for windows, painting white
100 text on a black background.
103 argument names a font used to display text, both in
106 and as a default for any programs running in its windows; it also
114 uses the imported value of
116 if set; otherwise it imports the default font from the underlying graphics
117 server, usually the terminal's operating system.
121 command changes a window's identifying name.
125 command creates a window.
126 By default, it creates a shell window and sizes and places it automatically.
127 The geometry arguments control the size
135 the units are pixels with the
136 upper left corner of the screen at (0, 0).
139 option causes the window to be created off-screen.
144 options set the scroll mode.
147 option sets the working directory.
148 The optional command and arguments
149 define which program to run in the window.
157 to create the window and run the command. Therefore, the window and command
160 and run in a new file name space, just as if the window had been created using the interactive menu.
163 option uses the file server properties of
169 the new window's name space within the name space of the program calling
171 This means, for example, that running
173 in a CPU window will create another window whose command runs on the terminal, where
178 will create another window whose command runs on the CPU server.
182 command prints the coordinates and label of each window in its instance of
184 and is used to construct arguments for
187 Each window behaves as a separate terminal with at least one process
189 When a window is created, a new process (usually a shell; see
191 is established and bound to the window as a new process group.
192 Initially, each window acts as a simple terminal that displays character text;
193 the standard input and output of its processes
196 Other special files, accessible to the processes running in a window,
197 may be used to make the window a more general display.
198 Some of these are mentioned here; the complete set is
204 and is indicated with a dark border and text;
205 characters typed on the keyboard are available in the
207 file of the process in the current window.
208 Characters written on
210 appear asynchronously in the associated window whether or not the window
213 Windows are created, deleted and rearranged using the mouse.
214 Clicking (pressing and releasing) mouse button 1 in a non-current
215 window makes that window current and brings it in front of
216 any windows that happen to be overlapping it.
217 When the mouse cursor points to the background area or is in
218 a window that has not claimed the mouse for its own use,
219 pressing mouse button 3 activates a
220 menu of window operations provided by
222 Releasing button 3 then selects an operation.
223 At this point, a gunsight or cross cursor indicates that
224 an operation is pending.
225 The button 3 menu operations are:
230 Press button 3 where one corner of the new rectangle should
231 appear (cross cursor), and move the mouse, while holding down button 3, to the
232 diagonally opposite corner.
233 Releasing button 3 creates the window, and makes it current.
234 Very small windows may not be created.
237 Change the size and location of a window.
238 First click button 3 in the window to be changed
240 Then sweep out a window as for the
243 The window is made current.
246 Move a window to another location.
247 After pressing and holding button 3 over the window to be moved (gunsight cursor),
248 indicate the new position by dragging the rectangle to the new location.
249 The window is made current.
250 Windows may be moved partially off-screen.
253 Delete a window. Click in the window to be deleted (gunsight cursor).
254 Deleting a window causes a
256 note to be sent to all processes in the window's process group
261 Hide a window. Click in the window to be hidden (gunsight cursor);
262 it will be moved off-screen.
263 Each hidden window is given a menu entry in the button 3 menu according to the
273 Restore a hidden window.
276 Windows may also be arranged by dragging their borders.
277 Pressing button 1 or 2 over a window's border allows one to
278 move the corresponding edge or corner, while button 3
279 moves the whole window.
282 Characters typed on the keyboard or written to
284 collect in the window to form
285 a long, continuous document.
290 a contiguous string marked on the screen by reversing its color.
291 If the selected text is a null string, it is indicated by a hairline cursor
292 between two characters.
294 may be edited by mousing and typing.
295 Text is selected by pointing and clicking button 1
296 to make a null-string selection, or by pointing,
297 then sweeping with button 1 pressed.
298 Text may also be selected by double-clicking:
299 just inside a matched delimiter-pair
304 on the right, it selects all text within
305 the pair; at the beginning
306 or end of a line, it selects the line; within or at the edge of an alphanumeric word,
309 Characters typed on the keyboard replace the selected text;
310 if this text is not empty, it is placed in a
312 common to all windows but distinct from that of
315 Programs access the text in the window at a single point
316 maintained automatically by
320 is the location in the text where the next character written by
323 will appear; afterwards, the output point is the null string
324 beyond the new character.
325 The output point is also the location in the text of the next character
326 that will be read (directly from the text in the window,
327 not from an intervening buffer)
330 When such a read will occur is, however, under control of
334 In general there is text in the window after the output point,
335 usually placed there by typing but occasionally by the editing
336 operations described below.
339 will block until the text after the output point contains
340 a newline, whereupon the read may
341 acquire the text, up to and including the newline.
342 After the read, as described above, the output point will be at
343 the beginning of the next line of text.
344 In normal circumstances, therefore, typed text is delivered
345 to programs a line at a time.
346 Changes made by typing or editing before the text is read will not
347 be seen by the program reading it.
348 If the program in the window does not read the terminal,
349 for example if it is a long-running computation, there may
350 accumulate multiple lines of text after the output point;
351 changes made to all this text will be seen when the text
353 This means, for example, that one may edit out newlines in
354 unread text to forestall the associated text being read when
355 the program finishes computing.
356 This behavior is very different from most systems.
358 Even when there are newlines in the output text,
360 will not honor reads if the window is in
363 which is indicated by a white cursor and blue text and border.
364 The ESC character toggles hold mode.
365 Some programs, such as
367 automatically turn on hold mode to simplify the editing of multi-line text;
368 type ESC when done to allow
372 An EOT character (control-D) behaves exactly like newline except
373 that it is not delivered to a program when read.
374 Thus on an empty line an EOT serves to deliver an end-of-file indication:
375 the read will return zero characters.
376 Like newlines, unread EOTs may be successfully edited out of the text.
377 The BS character (control-H) erases the character before the selected text.
378 The ETB character (control-W) erases any nonalphanumeric characters, then
379 the alphanumeric word just before the selected text.
380 `Alphanumeric' here means non-blanks and non-punctuation.
381 The NAK character (control-U) erases the text after the output point,
382 and not yet read by a program, but not more than one line.
383 All these characters are typed on the keyboard and hence replace
384 the selected text; for example, typing a BS with a word selected
385 places the word in the snarf buffer, removes it from the screen,
386 and erases the character before the word.
388 An ACK character (control-F) or Insert character triggers file name completion
389 for the preceding string (see
392 Typing a left or right arrow moves the cursor one character in that direction.
393 Typing an SOH character (control-A) moves the cursor to the beginning of the
394 current line; an ENQ character (control-E) moves to the end. The STX character
395 (control-B) moves the cursor to the output point.
397 Text may be moved vertically within the window.
398 A scroll bar on the left of the window shows in its clear portion what fragment of the
399 total output text is visible on the screen, and in its gray part what
400 is above or below view;
401 it measures characters, not lines.
402 Mousing inside the scroll bar moves text:
403 clicking button 1 with the mouse pointing inside the scroll bar
404 brings the line at the top of the
405 window to the cursor's vertical location;
406 button 3 takes the line at the cursor to the top of the window;
407 button 2, treating the scroll bar as a ruler, jumps to the indicated portion
409 Holding a button pressed in the scroll bar will cause the text
410 to scroll continuously until the button is released.
414 half a window, and page up or up-arrow scrolls back.
415 Typing the home key scrolls to the top of the window; typing the end key scrolls
418 The DEL character sends an
420 note to all processes in the window's process group.
421 Unlike the other characters, the DEL, VIEW, and up- and down-arrow
422 keys do not affect the selected text.
423 The left (right) arrow key moves the selection to one character
424 before (after) the current selection.
426 Normally, written output to a window blocks when
427 the text reaches the end of the screen;
428 a button 2 menu item toggles scrolling.
430 Other editing operations are selected from a menu on button 2.
433 operation deletes the selected text
434 from the screen and puts it in the snarf buffer;
436 copies the selected text to the buffer without deleting it;
438 replaces the selected text with the contents of the buffer;
441 copies the snarf buffer to just after the output point, adding a final newline
446 will always place text after the output point; the text so placed
447 will behave exactly as described above. Therefore when pasting
448 text containing newlines after the output point, it may be prudent
449 to turn on hold mode first.
453 menu item sends the contents of the selection (not the snarf buffer) to the
455 If the selection is empty, it sends the white-space-delimited text
456 containing the selection (typing cursor).
457 A typical use of this feature is to tell the editor to find the source of an error
458 by plumbing the file and line information in a compiler's diagnostic.
460 Opening or manipulating certain files served by
462 suppresses some of the services supplied to ordinary text windows.
465 is open, any mouse operations are the responsibility of another program
466 running in the window. Thus,
468 refrains from maintaining
470 supplying text editing or menus, interpreting the
471 VIEW key as a request to scroll, and also turns scrolling on.
475 controls interpretation of keyboard input.
476 In particular, a raw mode may be set:
477 in a raw-input window, no typed keyboard characters are special,
478 they are not echoed to the screen, and all are passed
479 to a program immediately upon reading, instead of being gathered into
486 open after putting the console in raw mode
487 has complete control of the window:
488 it interprets all mouse events, gets all keyboard characters,
489 and determines what appears on the screen.
491 .TF /srv/riowctl.\fIuser\fP.\fIpid\fP
501 in a window's name space, before the terminal's real
505 .B /srv/rio.\fIuser\fP.\fIpid\fP
509 .B /srv/riowctl.\fIuser\fP.\fIpid\fP
539 The standard input of
541 is redirected to the newly created window, so there is no way to pipe the output
542 of a program to the standard input of the new window.
545 can be used to work around this limitation.