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Rollup merge of #87166 - de-vri-es:show-discriminant-before-overflow, r=jackh726
[rust.git] / src / tools / clippy / clippy_lints / src / ptr.rs
1 //! Checks for usage of  `&Vec[_]` and `&String`.
2
3 use clippy_utils::diagnostics::{span_lint, span_lint_and_sugg, span_lint_and_then};
4 use clippy_utils::ptr::get_spans;
5 use clippy_utils::source::snippet_opt;
6 use clippy_utils::ty::{is_type_diagnostic_item, match_type, walk_ptrs_hir_ty};
7 use clippy_utils::{expr_path_res, is_lint_allowed, match_any_diagnostic_items, paths};
8 use if_chain::if_chain;
9 use rustc_errors::Applicability;
10 use rustc_hir::{
11     BinOpKind, BodyId, Expr, ExprKind, FnDecl, FnRetTy, GenericArg, HirId, Impl, ImplItem, ImplItemKind, Item,
12     ItemKind, Lifetime, MutTy, Mutability, Node, PathSegment, QPath, TraitFn, TraitItem, TraitItemKind, Ty, TyKind,
13 };
14 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
15 use rustc_middle::ty;
16 use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
17 use rustc_span::source_map::Span;
18 use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
19 use rustc_span::{sym, MultiSpan};
20 use std::borrow::Cow;
21
22 declare_clippy_lint! {
23     /// ### What it does
24     /// This lint checks for function arguments of type `&String`
25     /// or `&Vec` unless the references are mutable. It will also suggest you
26     /// replace `.clone()` calls with the appropriate `.to_owned()`/`to_string()`
27     /// calls.
28     ///
29     /// ### Why is this bad?
30     /// Requiring the argument to be of the specific size
31     /// makes the function less useful for no benefit; slices in the form of `&[T]`
32     /// or `&str` usually suffice and can be obtained from other types, too.
33     ///
34     /// ### Known problems
35     /// The lint does not follow data. So if you have an
36     /// argument `x` and write `let y = x; y.clone()` the lint will not suggest
37     /// changing that `.clone()` to `.to_owned()`.
38     ///
39     /// Other functions called from this function taking a `&String` or `&Vec`
40     /// argument may also fail to compile if you change the argument. Applying
41     /// this lint on them will fix the problem, but they may be in other crates.
42     ///
43     /// One notable example of a function that may cause issues, and which cannot
44     /// easily be changed due to being in the standard library is `Vec::contains`.
45     /// when called on a `Vec<Vec<T>>`. If a `&Vec` is passed to that method then
46     /// it will compile, but if a `&[T]` is passed then it will not compile.
47     ///
48     /// ```ignore
49     /// fn cannot_take_a_slice(v: &Vec<u8>) -> bool {
50     ///     let vec_of_vecs: Vec<Vec<u8>> = some_other_fn();
51     ///
52     ///     vec_of_vecs.contains(v)
53     /// }
54     /// ```
55     ///
56     /// Also there may be `fn(&Vec)`-typed references pointing to your function.
57     /// If you have them, you will get a compiler error after applying this lint's
58     /// suggestions. You then have the choice to undo your changes or change the
59     /// type of the reference.
60     ///
61     /// Note that if the function is part of your public interface, there may be
62     /// other crates referencing it, of which you may not be aware. Carefully
63     /// deprecate the function before applying the lint suggestions in this case.
64     ///
65     /// ### Example
66     /// ```ignore
67     /// // Bad
68     /// fn foo(&Vec<u32>) { .. }
69     ///
70     /// // Good
71     /// fn foo(&[u32]) { .. }
72     /// ```
73     pub PTR_ARG,
74     style,
75     "fn arguments of the type `&Vec<...>` or `&String`, suggesting to use `&[...]` or `&str` instead, respectively"
76 }
77
78 declare_clippy_lint! {
79     /// ### What it does
80     /// This lint checks for equality comparisons with `ptr::null`
81     ///
82     /// ### Why is this bad?
83     /// It's easier and more readable to use the inherent
84     /// `.is_null()`
85     /// method instead
86     ///
87     /// ### Example
88     /// ```ignore
89     /// // Bad
90     /// if x == ptr::null {
91     ///     ..
92     /// }
93     ///
94     /// // Good
95     /// if x.is_null() {
96     ///     ..
97     /// }
98     /// ```
99     pub CMP_NULL,
100     style,
101     "comparing a pointer to a null pointer, suggesting to use `.is_null()` instead"
102 }
103
104 declare_clippy_lint! {
105     /// ### What it does
106     /// This lint checks for functions that take immutable
107     /// references and return mutable ones.
108     ///
109     /// ### Why is this bad?
110     /// This is trivially unsound, as one can create two
111     /// mutable references from the same (immutable!) source.
112     /// This [error](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/39465)
113     /// actually lead to an interim Rust release 1.15.1.
114     ///
115     /// ### Known problems
116     /// To be on the conservative side, if there's at least one
117     /// mutable reference with the output lifetime, this lint will not trigger.
118     /// In practice, this case is unlikely anyway.
119     ///
120     /// ### Example
121     /// ```ignore
122     /// fn foo(&Foo) -> &mut Bar { .. }
123     /// ```
124     pub MUT_FROM_REF,
125     correctness,
126     "fns that create mutable refs from immutable ref args"
127 }
128
129 declare_clippy_lint! {
130     /// ### What it does
131     /// This lint checks for invalid usages of `ptr::null`.
132     ///
133     /// ### Why is this bad?
134     /// This causes undefined behavior.
135     ///
136     /// ### Example
137     /// ```ignore
138     /// // Bad. Undefined behavior
139     /// unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(ptr::null(), 0); }
140     /// ```
141     ///
142     /// // Good
143     /// unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(NonNull::dangling().as_ptr(), 0); }
144     /// ```
145     pub INVALID_NULL_PTR_USAGE,
146     correctness,
147     "invalid usage of a null pointer, suggesting `NonNull::dangling()` instead"
148 }
149
150 declare_lint_pass!(Ptr => [PTR_ARG, CMP_NULL, MUT_FROM_REF, INVALID_NULL_PTR_USAGE]);
151
152 impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for Ptr {
153     fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx Item<'_>) {
154         if let ItemKind::Fn(ref sig, _, body_id) = item.kind {
155             check_fn(cx, sig.decl, item.hir_id(), Some(body_id));
156         }
157     }
158
159     fn check_impl_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx ImplItem<'_>) {
160         if let ImplItemKind::Fn(ref sig, body_id) = item.kind {
161             let parent_item = cx.tcx.hir().get_parent_item(item.hir_id());
162             if let Some(Node::Item(it)) = cx.tcx.hir().find(parent_item) {
163                 if let ItemKind::Impl(Impl { of_trait: Some(_), .. }) = it.kind {
164                     return; // ignore trait impls
165                 }
166             }
167             check_fn(cx, sig.decl, item.hir_id(), Some(body_id));
168         }
169     }
170
171     fn check_trait_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx TraitItem<'_>) {
172         if let TraitItemKind::Fn(ref sig, ref trait_method) = item.kind {
173             let body_id = if let TraitFn::Provided(b) = *trait_method {
174                 Some(b)
175             } else {
176                 None
177             };
178             check_fn(cx, sig.decl, item.hir_id(), body_id);
179         }
180     }
181
182     fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
183         if let ExprKind::Binary(ref op, l, r) = expr.kind {
184             if (op.node == BinOpKind::Eq || op.node == BinOpKind::Ne) && (is_null_path(cx, l) || is_null_path(cx, r)) {
185                 span_lint(
186                     cx,
187                     CMP_NULL,
188                     expr.span,
189                     "comparing with null is better expressed by the `.is_null()` method",
190                 );
191             }
192         } else {
193             check_invalid_ptr_usage(cx, expr);
194         }
195     }
196 }
197
198 fn check_invalid_ptr_usage<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
199     // (fn_path, arg_indices) - `arg_indices` are the `arg` positions where null would cause U.B.
200     const INVALID_NULL_PTR_USAGE_TABLE: [(&[&str], &[usize]); 16] = [
201         (&paths::SLICE_FROM_RAW_PARTS, &[0]),
202         (&paths::SLICE_FROM_RAW_PARTS_MUT, &[0]),
203         (&paths::PTR_COPY, &[0, 1]),
204         (&paths::PTR_COPY_NONOVERLAPPING, &[0, 1]),
205         (&paths::PTR_READ, &[0]),
206         (&paths::PTR_READ_UNALIGNED, &[0]),
207         (&paths::PTR_READ_VOLATILE, &[0]),
208         (&paths::PTR_REPLACE, &[0]),
209         (&paths::PTR_SLICE_FROM_RAW_PARTS, &[0]),
210         (&paths::PTR_SLICE_FROM_RAW_PARTS_MUT, &[0]),
211         (&paths::PTR_SWAP, &[0, 1]),
212         (&paths::PTR_SWAP_NONOVERLAPPING, &[0, 1]),
213         (&paths::PTR_WRITE, &[0]),
214         (&paths::PTR_WRITE_UNALIGNED, &[0]),
215         (&paths::PTR_WRITE_VOLATILE, &[0]),
216         (&paths::PTR_WRITE_BYTES, &[0]),
217     ];
218
219     if_chain! {
220         if let ExprKind::Call(fun, args) = expr.kind;
221         if let ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = fun.kind;
222         if let Some(fun_def_id) = cx.qpath_res(qpath, fun.hir_id).opt_def_id();
223         let fun_def_path = cx.get_def_path(fun_def_id).into_iter().map(Symbol::to_ident_string).collect::<Vec<_>>();
224         if let Some(&(_, arg_indices)) = INVALID_NULL_PTR_USAGE_TABLE
225             .iter()
226             .find(|&&(fn_path, _)| fn_path == fun_def_path);
227         then {
228             for &arg_idx in arg_indices {
229                 if let Some(arg) = args.get(arg_idx).filter(|arg| is_null_path(cx, arg)) {
230                     span_lint_and_sugg(
231                         cx,
232                         INVALID_NULL_PTR_USAGE,
233                         arg.span,
234                         "pointer must be non-null",
235                         "change this to",
236                         "core::ptr::NonNull::dangling().as_ptr()".to_string(),
237                         Applicability::MachineApplicable,
238                     );
239                 }
240             }
241         }
242     }
243 }
244
245 #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
246 fn check_fn(cx: &LateContext<'_>, decl: &FnDecl<'_>, fn_id: HirId, opt_body_id: Option<BodyId>) {
247     let fn_def_id = cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id(fn_id);
248     let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id);
249     let fn_ty = sig.skip_binder();
250     let body = opt_body_id.map(|id| cx.tcx.hir().body(id));
251
252     for (idx, (arg, ty)) in decl.inputs.iter().zip(fn_ty.inputs()).enumerate() {
253         // Honor the allow attribute on parameters. See issue 5644.
254         if let Some(body) = &body {
255             if is_lint_allowed(cx, PTR_ARG, body.params[idx].hir_id) {
256                 continue;
257             }
258         }
259
260         if let ty::Ref(_, ty, Mutability::Not) = ty.kind() {
261             if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::vec_type) {
262                 if let Some(spans) = get_spans(cx, opt_body_id, idx, &[("clone", ".to_owned()")]) {
263                     span_lint_and_then(
264                         cx,
265                         PTR_ARG,
266                         arg.span,
267                         "writing `&Vec<_>` instead of `&[_]` involves one more reference and cannot be used \
268                          with non-Vec-based slices",
269                         |diag| {
270                             if let Some(ref snippet) = get_only_generic_arg_snippet(cx, arg) {
271                                 diag.span_suggestion(
272                                     arg.span,
273                                     "change this to",
274                                     format!("&[{}]", snippet),
275                                     Applicability::Unspecified,
276                                 );
277                             }
278                             for (clonespan, suggestion) in spans {
279                                 diag.span_suggestion(
280                                     clonespan,
281                                     &snippet_opt(cx, clonespan).map_or("change the call to".into(), |x| {
282                                         Cow::Owned(format!("change `{}` to", x))
283                                     }),
284                                     suggestion.into(),
285                                     Applicability::Unspecified,
286                                 );
287                             }
288                         },
289                     );
290                 }
291             } else if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::string_type) {
292                 if let Some(spans) = get_spans(cx, opt_body_id, idx, &[("clone", ".to_string()"), ("as_str", "")]) {
293                     span_lint_and_then(
294                         cx,
295                         PTR_ARG,
296                         arg.span,
297                         "writing `&String` instead of `&str` involves a new object where a slice will do",
298                         |diag| {
299                             diag.span_suggestion(arg.span, "change this to", "&str".into(), Applicability::Unspecified);
300                             for (clonespan, suggestion) in spans {
301                                 diag.span_suggestion_short(
302                                     clonespan,
303                                     &snippet_opt(cx, clonespan).map_or("change the call to".into(), |x| {
304                                         Cow::Owned(format!("change `{}` to", x))
305                                     }),
306                                     suggestion.into(),
307                                     Applicability::Unspecified,
308                                 );
309                             }
310                         },
311                     );
312                 }
313             } else if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym::PathBuf) {
314                 if let Some(spans) = get_spans(cx, opt_body_id, idx, &[("clone", ".to_path_buf()"), ("as_path", "")]) {
315                     span_lint_and_then(
316                         cx,
317                         PTR_ARG,
318                         arg.span,
319                         "writing `&PathBuf` instead of `&Path` involves a new object where a slice will do",
320                         |diag| {
321                             diag.span_suggestion(
322                                 arg.span,
323                                 "change this to",
324                                 "&Path".into(),
325                                 Applicability::Unspecified,
326                             );
327                             for (clonespan, suggestion) in spans {
328                                 diag.span_suggestion_short(
329                                     clonespan,
330                                     &snippet_opt(cx, clonespan).map_or("change the call to".into(), |x| {
331                                         Cow::Owned(format!("change `{}` to", x))
332                                     }),
333                                     suggestion.into(),
334                                     Applicability::Unspecified,
335                                 );
336                             }
337                         },
338                     );
339                 }
340             } else if match_type(cx, ty, &paths::COW) {
341                 if_chain! {
342                     if let TyKind::Rptr(_, MutTy { ty, ..} ) = arg.kind;
343                     if let TyKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(None, pp)) = ty.kind;
344                     if let [ref bx] = *pp.segments;
345                     if let Some(params) = bx.args;
346                     if !params.parenthesized;
347                     if let Some(inner) = params.args.iter().find_map(|arg| match arg {
348                         GenericArg::Type(ty) => Some(ty),
349                         _ => None,
350                     });
351                     let replacement = snippet_opt(cx, inner.span);
352                     if let Some(r) = replacement;
353                     then {
354                         span_lint_and_sugg(
355                             cx,
356                             PTR_ARG,
357                             arg.span,
358                             "using a reference to `Cow` is not recommended",
359                             "change this to",
360                             "&".to_owned() + &r,
361                             Applicability::Unspecified,
362                         );
363                     }
364                 }
365             }
366         }
367     }
368
369     if let FnRetTy::Return(ty) = decl.output {
370         if let Some((out, Mutability::Mut, _)) = get_rptr_lm(ty) {
371             let mut immutables = vec![];
372             for (_, ref mutbl, ref argspan) in decl
373                 .inputs
374                 .iter()
375                 .filter_map(|ty| get_rptr_lm(ty))
376                 .filter(|&(lt, _, _)| lt.name == out.name)
377             {
378                 if *mutbl == Mutability::Mut {
379                     return;
380                 }
381                 immutables.push(*argspan);
382             }
383             if immutables.is_empty() {
384                 return;
385             }
386             span_lint_and_then(
387                 cx,
388                 MUT_FROM_REF,
389                 ty.span,
390                 "mutable borrow from immutable input(s)",
391                 |diag| {
392                     let ms = MultiSpan::from_spans(immutables);
393                     diag.span_note(ms, "immutable borrow here");
394                 },
395             );
396         }
397     }
398 }
399
400 fn get_only_generic_arg_snippet(cx: &LateContext<'_>, arg: &Ty<'_>) -> Option<String> {
401     if_chain! {
402         if let TyKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, path)) = walk_ptrs_hir_ty(arg).kind;
403         if let Some(&PathSegment{args: Some(parameters), ..}) = path.segments.last();
404         let types: Vec<_> = parameters.args.iter().filter_map(|arg| match arg {
405             GenericArg::Type(ty) => Some(ty),
406             _ => None,
407         }).collect();
408         if types.len() == 1;
409         then {
410             snippet_opt(cx, types[0].span)
411         } else {
412             None
413         }
414     }
415 }
416
417 fn get_rptr_lm<'tcx>(ty: &'tcx Ty<'tcx>) -> Option<(&'tcx Lifetime, Mutability, Span)> {
418     if let TyKind::Rptr(ref lt, ref m) = ty.kind {
419         Some((lt, m.mutbl, ty.span))
420     } else {
421         None
422     }
423 }
424
425 fn is_null_path(cx: &LateContext<'_>, expr: &Expr<'_>) -> bool {
426     if let ExprKind::Call(pathexp, []) = expr.kind {
427         expr_path_res(cx, pathexp).opt_def_id().map_or(false, |id| {
428             match_any_diagnostic_items(cx, id, &[sym::ptr_null, sym::ptr_null_mut]).is_some()
429         })
430     } else {
431         false
432     }
433 }