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[rust.git] / src / tools / clippy / clippy_lints / src / non_expressive_names.rs
1 use clippy_utils::diagnostics::{span_lint, span_lint_and_then};
2 use rustc_ast::ast::{
3     Arm, AssocItem, AssocItemKind, Attribute, Block, FnDecl, FnKind, Item, ItemKind, Local, Pat,
4     PatKind,
5 };
6 use rustc_ast::visit::{walk_block, walk_expr, walk_pat, Visitor};
7 use rustc_lint::{EarlyContext, EarlyLintPass};
8 use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro;
9 use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
10 use rustc_span::source_map::Span;
11 use rustc_span::sym;
12 use rustc_span::symbol::{Ident, Symbol};
13 use std::cmp::Ordering;
14
15 declare_clippy_lint! {
16     /// ### What it does
17     /// Checks for names that are very similar and thus confusing.
18     ///
19     /// ### Why is this bad?
20     /// It's hard to distinguish between names that differ only
21     /// by a single character.
22     ///
23     /// ### Example
24     /// ```ignore
25     /// let checked_exp = something;
26     /// let checked_expr = something_else;
27     /// ```
28     pub SIMILAR_NAMES,
29     pedantic,
30     "similarly named items and bindings"
31 }
32
33 declare_clippy_lint! {
34     /// ### What it does
35     /// Checks for too many variables whose name consists of a
36     /// single character.
37     ///
38     /// ### Why is this bad?
39     /// It's hard to memorize what a variable means without a
40     /// descriptive name.
41     ///
42     /// ### Example
43     /// ```ignore
44     /// let (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) = (...);
45     /// ```
46     pub MANY_SINGLE_CHAR_NAMES,
47     style,
48     "too many single character bindings"
49 }
50
51 declare_clippy_lint! {
52     /// ### What it does
53     /// Checks if you have variables whose name consists of just
54     /// underscores and digits.
55     ///
56     /// ### Why is this bad?
57     /// It's hard to memorize what a variable means without a
58     /// descriptive name.
59     ///
60     /// ### Example
61     /// ```rust
62     /// let _1 = 1;
63     /// let ___1 = 1;
64     /// let __1___2 = 11;
65     /// ```
66     pub JUST_UNDERSCORES_AND_DIGITS,
67     style,
68     "unclear name"
69 }
70
71 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
72 pub struct NonExpressiveNames {
73     pub single_char_binding_names_threshold: u64,
74 }
75
76 impl_lint_pass!(NonExpressiveNames => [SIMILAR_NAMES, MANY_SINGLE_CHAR_NAMES, JUST_UNDERSCORES_AND_DIGITS]);
77
78 struct ExistingName {
79     interned: Symbol,
80     span: Span,
81     len: usize,
82     exemptions: &'static [&'static str],
83 }
84
85 struct SimilarNamesLocalVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
86     names: Vec<ExistingName>,
87     cx: &'a EarlyContext<'tcx>,
88     lint: &'a NonExpressiveNames,
89
90     /// A stack of scopes containing the single-character bindings in each scope.
91     single_char_names: Vec<Vec<Ident>>,
92 }
93
94 impl<'a, 'tcx> SimilarNamesLocalVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
95     fn check_single_char_names(&self) {
96         let num_single_char_names = self.single_char_names.iter().flatten().count();
97         let threshold = self.lint.single_char_binding_names_threshold;
98         if num_single_char_names as u64 > threshold {
99             let span = self
100                 .single_char_names
101                 .iter()
102                 .flatten()
103                 .map(|ident| ident.span)
104                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
105             span_lint(
106                 self.cx,
107                 MANY_SINGLE_CHAR_NAMES,
108                 span,
109                 &format!(
110                     "{} bindings with single-character names in scope",
111                     num_single_char_names
112                 ),
113             );
114         }
115     }
116 }
117
118 // this list contains lists of names that are allowed to be similar
119 // the assumption is that no name is ever contained in multiple lists.
120 #[rustfmt::skip]
121 const ALLOWED_TO_BE_SIMILAR: &[&[&str]] = &[
122     &["parsed", "parser"],
123     &["lhs", "rhs"],
124     &["tx", "rx"],
125     &["set", "get"],
126     &["args", "arms"],
127     &["qpath", "path"],
128     &["lit", "lint"],
129     &["wparam", "lparam"],
130     &["iter", "item"],
131 ];
132
133 struct SimilarNamesNameVisitor<'a, 'tcx, 'b>(&'b mut SimilarNamesLocalVisitor<'a, 'tcx>);
134
135 impl<'a, 'tcx, 'b> Visitor<'tcx> for SimilarNamesNameVisitor<'a, 'tcx, 'b> {
136     fn visit_pat(&mut self, pat: &'tcx Pat) {
137         match pat.kind {
138             PatKind::Ident(_, ident, _) => {
139                 if !pat.span.from_expansion() {
140                     self.check_ident(ident);
141                 }
142             },
143             PatKind::Struct(_, _, ref fields, _) => {
144                 for field in fields {
145                     if !field.is_shorthand {
146                         self.visit_pat(&field.pat);
147                     }
148                 }
149             },
150             // just go through the first pattern, as either all patterns
151             // bind the same bindings or rustc would have errored much earlier
152             PatKind::Or(ref pats) => self.visit_pat(&pats[0]),
153             _ => walk_pat(self, pat),
154         }
155     }
156 }
157
158 #[must_use]
159 fn get_exemptions(interned_name: &str) -> Option<&'static [&'static str]> {
160     for &list in ALLOWED_TO_BE_SIMILAR {
161         if allowed_to_be_similar(interned_name, list) {
162             return Some(list);
163         }
164     }
165     None
166 }
167
168 #[must_use]
169 fn allowed_to_be_similar(interned_name: &str, list: &[&str]) -> bool {
170     list.iter()
171         .any(|&name| interned_name.starts_with(name) || interned_name.ends_with(name))
172 }
173
174 impl<'a, 'tcx, 'b> SimilarNamesNameVisitor<'a, 'tcx, 'b> {
175     fn check_short_ident(&mut self, ident: Ident) {
176         // Ignore shadowing
177         if self
178             .0
179             .single_char_names
180             .iter()
181             .flatten()
182             .any(|id| id.name == ident.name)
183         {
184             return;
185         }
186
187         if let Some(scope) = &mut self.0.single_char_names.last_mut() {
188             scope.push(ident);
189         }
190     }
191
192     #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
193     fn check_ident(&mut self, ident: Ident) {
194         let interned_name = ident.name.as_str();
195         if interned_name.chars().any(char::is_uppercase) {
196             return;
197         }
198         if interned_name.chars().all(|c| c.is_digit(10) || c == '_') {
199             span_lint(
200                 self.0.cx,
201                 JUST_UNDERSCORES_AND_DIGITS,
202                 ident.span,
203                 "consider choosing a more descriptive name",
204             );
205             return;
206         }
207         if interned_name.starts_with('_') {
208             // these bindings are typically unused or represent an ignored portion of a destructuring pattern
209             return;
210         }
211         let count = interned_name.chars().count();
212         if count < 3 {
213             if count == 1 {
214                 self.check_short_ident(ident);
215             }
216             return;
217         }
218         for existing_name in &self.0.names {
219             if allowed_to_be_similar(&interned_name, existing_name.exemptions) {
220                 continue;
221             }
222             match existing_name.len.cmp(&count) {
223                 Ordering::Greater => {
224                     if existing_name.len - count != 1
225                         || levenstein_not_1(&interned_name, &existing_name.interned.as_str())
226                     {
227                         continue;
228                     }
229                 },
230                 Ordering::Less => {
231                     if count - existing_name.len != 1
232                         || levenstein_not_1(&existing_name.interned.as_str(), &interned_name)
233                     {
234                         continue;
235                     }
236                 },
237                 Ordering::Equal => {
238                     let mut interned_chars = interned_name.chars();
239                     let interned_str = existing_name.interned.as_str();
240                     let mut existing_chars = interned_str.chars();
241                     let first_i = interned_chars.next().expect("we know we have at least one char");
242                     let first_e = existing_chars.next().expect("we know we have at least one char");
243                     let eq_or_numeric = |(a, b): (char, char)| a == b || a.is_numeric() && b.is_numeric();
244
245                     if eq_or_numeric((first_i, first_e)) {
246                         let last_i = interned_chars.next_back().expect("we know we have at least two chars");
247                         let last_e = existing_chars.next_back().expect("we know we have at least two chars");
248                         if eq_or_numeric((last_i, last_e)) {
249                             if interned_chars
250                                 .zip(existing_chars)
251                                 .filter(|&ie| !eq_or_numeric(ie))
252                                 .count()
253                                 != 1
254                             {
255                                 continue;
256                             }
257                         } else {
258                             let second_last_i = interned_chars
259                                 .next_back()
260                                 .expect("we know we have at least three chars");
261                             let second_last_e = existing_chars
262                                 .next_back()
263                                 .expect("we know we have at least three chars");
264                             if !eq_or_numeric((second_last_i, second_last_e))
265                                 || second_last_i == '_'
266                                 || !interned_chars.zip(existing_chars).all(eq_or_numeric)
267                             {
268                                 // allowed similarity foo_x, foo_y
269                                 // or too many chars differ (foo_x, boo_y) or (foox, booy)
270                                 continue;
271                             }
272                         }
273                     } else {
274                         let second_i = interned_chars.next().expect("we know we have at least two chars");
275                         let second_e = existing_chars.next().expect("we know we have at least two chars");
276                         if !eq_or_numeric((second_i, second_e))
277                             || second_i == '_'
278                             || !interned_chars.zip(existing_chars).all(eq_or_numeric)
279                         {
280                             // allowed similarity x_foo, y_foo
281                             // or too many chars differ (x_foo, y_boo) or (xfoo, yboo)
282                             continue;
283                         }
284                     }
285                 },
286             }
287             span_lint_and_then(
288                 self.0.cx,
289                 SIMILAR_NAMES,
290                 ident.span,
291                 "binding's name is too similar to existing binding",
292                 |diag| {
293                     diag.span_note(existing_name.span, "existing binding defined here");
294                 },
295             );
296             return;
297         }
298         self.0.names.push(ExistingName {
299             exemptions: get_exemptions(&interned_name).unwrap_or(&[]),
300             interned: ident.name,
301             span: ident.span,
302             len: count,
303         });
304     }
305 }
306
307 impl<'a, 'b> SimilarNamesLocalVisitor<'a, 'b> {
308     /// ensure scoping rules work
309     fn apply<F: for<'c> Fn(&'c mut Self)>(&mut self, f: F) {
310         let n = self.names.len();
311         let single_char_count = self.single_char_names.len();
312         f(self);
313         self.names.truncate(n);
314         self.single_char_names.truncate(single_char_count);
315     }
316 }
317
318 impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for SimilarNamesLocalVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
319     fn visit_local(&mut self, local: &'tcx Local) {
320         if let Some(ref init) = local.init {
321             self.apply(|this| walk_expr(this, &**init));
322         }
323         // add the pattern after the expression because the bindings aren't available
324         // yet in the init
325         // expression
326         SimilarNamesNameVisitor(self).visit_pat(&*local.pat);
327     }
328     fn visit_block(&mut self, blk: &'tcx Block) {
329         self.single_char_names.push(vec![]);
330
331         self.apply(|this| walk_block(this, blk));
332
333         self.check_single_char_names();
334         self.single_char_names.pop();
335     }
336     fn visit_arm(&mut self, arm: &'tcx Arm) {
337         self.single_char_names.push(vec![]);
338
339         self.apply(|this| {
340             SimilarNamesNameVisitor(this).visit_pat(&arm.pat);
341             this.apply(|this| walk_expr(this, &arm.body));
342         });
343
344         self.check_single_char_names();
345         self.single_char_names.pop();
346     }
347     fn visit_item(&mut self, _: &Item) {
348         // do not recurse into inner items
349     }
350 }
351
352 impl EarlyLintPass for NonExpressiveNames {
353     fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, item: &Item) {
354         if in_external_macro(cx.sess, item.span) {
355             return;
356         }
357
358         if let ItemKind::Fn(box FnKind(_, ref sig, _, Some(ref blk))) = item.kind {
359             do_check(self, cx, &item.attrs, &sig.decl, blk);
360         }
361     }
362
363     fn check_impl_item(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, item: &AssocItem) {
364         if in_external_macro(cx.sess, item.span) {
365             return;
366         }
367
368         if let AssocItemKind::Fn(box FnKind(_, ref sig, _, Some(ref blk))) = item.kind {
369             do_check(self, cx, &item.attrs, &sig.decl, blk);
370         }
371     }
372 }
373
374 fn do_check(lint: &mut NonExpressiveNames, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, attrs: &[Attribute], decl: &FnDecl, blk: &Block) {
375     if !attrs.iter().any(|attr| attr.has_name(sym::test)) {
376         let mut visitor = SimilarNamesLocalVisitor {
377             names: Vec::new(),
378             cx,
379             lint,
380             single_char_names: vec![vec![]],
381         };
382
383         // initialize with function arguments
384         for arg in &decl.inputs {
385             SimilarNamesNameVisitor(&mut visitor).visit_pat(&arg.pat);
386         }
387         // walk all other bindings
388         walk_block(&mut visitor, blk);
389
390         visitor.check_single_char_names();
391     }
392 }
393
394 /// Precondition: `a_name.chars().count() < b_name.chars().count()`.
395 #[must_use]
396 fn levenstein_not_1(a_name: &str, b_name: &str) -> bool {
397     debug_assert!(a_name.chars().count() < b_name.chars().count());
398     let mut a_chars = a_name.chars();
399     let mut b_chars = b_name.chars();
400     while let (Some(a), Some(b)) = (a_chars.next(), b_chars.next()) {
401         if a == b {
402             continue;
403         }
404         if let Some(b2) = b_chars.next() {
405             // check if there's just one character inserted
406             return a != b2 || a_chars.ne(b_chars);
407         }
408         // tuple
409         // ntuple
410         return true;
411     }
412     // for item in items
413     true
414 }