1 //! Checks for uses of const which the type is not `Freeze` (`Cell`-free).
3 //! This lint is **warn** by default.
7 use clippy_utils::diagnostics::span_lint_and_then;
8 use clippy_utils::in_constant;
9 use if_chain::if_chain;
10 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
11 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
13 BodyId, Expr, ExprKind, HirId, Impl, ImplItem, ImplItemKind, Item, ItemKind, Node, TraitItem, TraitItemKind, UnOp,
15 use rustc_infer::traits::specialization_graph;
16 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, Lint};
17 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ConstValue, ErrorHandled};
18 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::Adjust;
19 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AssocKind, Const, Ty};
20 use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
21 use rustc_span::{InnerSpan, Span, DUMMY_SP};
22 use rustc_typeck::hir_ty_to_ty;
24 // FIXME: this is a correctness problem but there's no suitable
25 // warn-by-default category.
26 declare_clippy_lint! {
28 /// Checks for declaration of `const` items which is interior
29 /// mutable (e.g., contains a `Cell`, `Mutex`, `AtomicXxxx`, etc.).
31 /// ### Why is this bad?
32 /// Consts are copied everywhere they are referenced, i.e.,
33 /// every time you refer to the const a fresh instance of the `Cell` or `Mutex`
34 /// or `AtomicXxxx` will be created, which defeats the whole purpose of using
35 /// these types in the first place.
37 /// The `const` should better be replaced by a `static` item if a global
38 /// variable is wanted, or replaced by a `const fn` if a constructor is wanted.
40 /// ### Known problems
41 /// A "non-constant" const item is a legacy way to supply an
42 /// initialized value to downstream `static` items (e.g., the
43 /// `std::sync::ONCE_INIT` constant). In this case the use of `const` is legit,
44 /// and this lint should be suppressed.
46 /// Even though the lint avoids triggering on a constant whose type has enums that have variants
47 /// with interior mutability, and its value uses non interior mutable variants (see
48 /// [#3962](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/3962) and
49 /// [#3825](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/3825) for examples);
50 /// it complains about associated constants without default values only based on its types;
51 /// which might not be preferable.
52 /// There're other enums plus associated constants cases that the lint cannot handle.
54 /// Types that have underlying or potential interior mutability trigger the lint whether
55 /// the interior mutable field is used or not. See issues
56 /// [#5812](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/5812) and
60 /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst};
63 /// const CONST_ATOM: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(12);
64 /// CONST_ATOM.store(6, SeqCst); // the content of the atomic is unchanged
65 /// assert_eq!(CONST_ATOM.load(SeqCst), 12); // because the CONST_ATOM in these lines are distinct
68 /// static STATIC_ATOM: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(15);
69 /// STATIC_ATOM.store(9, SeqCst);
70 /// assert_eq!(STATIC_ATOM.load(SeqCst), 9); // use a `static` item to refer to the same instance
72 pub DECLARE_INTERIOR_MUTABLE_CONST,
74 "declaring `const` with interior mutability"
77 // FIXME: this is a correctness problem but there's no suitable
78 // warn-by-default category.
79 declare_clippy_lint! {
81 /// Checks if `const` items which is interior mutable (e.g.,
82 /// contains a `Cell`, `Mutex`, `AtomicXxxx`, etc.) has been borrowed directly.
84 /// ### Why is this bad?
85 /// Consts are copied everywhere they are referenced, i.e.,
86 /// every time you refer to the const a fresh instance of the `Cell` or `Mutex`
87 /// or `AtomicXxxx` will be created, which defeats the whole purpose of using
88 /// these types in the first place.
90 /// The `const` value should be stored inside a `static` item.
92 /// ### Known problems
93 /// When an enum has variants with interior mutability, use of its non
94 /// interior mutable variants can generate false positives. See issue
95 /// [#3962](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/3962)
97 /// Types that have underlying or potential interior mutability trigger the lint whether
98 /// the interior mutable field is used or not. See issues
99 /// [#5812](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/5812) and
100 /// [#3825](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/3825)
104 /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst};
105 /// const CONST_ATOM: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(12);
108 /// CONST_ATOM.store(6, SeqCst); // the content of the atomic is unchanged
109 /// assert_eq!(CONST_ATOM.load(SeqCst), 12); // because the CONST_ATOM in these lines are distinct
112 /// static STATIC_ATOM: AtomicUsize = CONST_ATOM;
113 /// STATIC_ATOM.store(9, SeqCst);
114 /// assert_eq!(STATIC_ATOM.load(SeqCst), 9); // use a `static` item to refer to the same instance
116 pub BORROW_INTERIOR_MUTABLE_CONST,
118 "referencing `const` with interior mutability"
121 fn is_unfrozen<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
122 // Ignore types whose layout is unknown since `is_freeze` reports every generic types as `!Freeze`,
123 // making it indistinguishable from `UnsafeCell`. i.e. it isn't a tool to prove a type is
124 // 'unfrozen'. However, this code causes a false negative in which
125 // a type contains a layout-unknown type, but also an unsafe cell like `const CELL: Cell<T>`.
126 // Yet, it's better than `ty.has_type_flags(TypeFlags::HAS_TY_PARAM | TypeFlags::HAS_PROJECTION)`
127 // since it works when a pointer indirection involves (`Cell<*const T>`).
128 // Making up a `ParamEnv` where every generic params and assoc types are `Freeze`is another option;
129 // but I'm not sure whether it's a decent way, if possible.
130 cx.tcx.layout_of(cx.param_env.and(ty)).is_ok() && !ty.is_freeze(cx.tcx.at(DUMMY_SP), cx.param_env)
133 fn is_value_unfrozen_raw<'tcx>(
134 cx: &LateContext<'tcx>,
135 result: Result<ConstValue<'tcx>, ErrorHandled>,
138 fn inner<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, val: &'tcx Const<'tcx>) -> bool {
139 match val.ty.kind() {
140 // the fact that we have to dig into every structs to search enums
141 // leads us to the point checking `UnsafeCell` directly is the only option.
142 ty::Adt(ty_def, ..) if Some(ty_def.did) == cx.tcx.lang_items().unsafe_cell_type() => true,
143 ty::Array(..) | ty::Adt(..) | ty::Tuple(..) => {
144 let val = cx.tcx.destructure_const(cx.param_env.and(val));
145 val.fields.iter().any(|field| inner(cx, field))
153 // Consider `TooGeneric` cases as being unfrozen.
154 // This causes a false positive where an assoc const whose type is unfrozen
155 // have a value that is a frozen variant with a generic param (an example is
156 // `declare_interior_mutable_const::enums::BothOfCellAndGeneric::GENERIC_VARIANT`).
157 // However, it prevents a number of false negatives that is, I think, important:
158 // 1. assoc consts in trait defs referring to consts of themselves
159 // (an example is `declare_interior_mutable_const::traits::ConcreteTypes::ANOTHER_ATOMIC`).
160 // 2. a path expr referring to assoc consts whose type is doesn't have
161 // any frozen variants in trait defs (i.e. without substitute for `Self`).
162 // (e.g. borrowing `borrow_interior_mutable_const::trait::ConcreteTypes::ATOMIC`)
163 // 3. similar to the false positive above;
164 // but the value is an unfrozen variant, or the type has no enums. (An example is
165 // `declare_interior_mutable_const::enums::BothOfCellAndGeneric::UNFROZEN_VARIANT`
166 // and `declare_interior_mutable_const::enums::BothOfCellAndGeneric::NO_ENUM`).
167 // One might be able to prevent these FNs correctly, and replace this with `false`;
168 // e.g. implementing `has_frozen_variant` described above, and not running this function
169 // when the type doesn't have any frozen variants would be the 'correct' way for the 2nd
170 // case (that actually removes another suboptimal behavior (I won't say 'false positive') where,
171 // similar to 2., but with the a frozen variant) (e.g. borrowing
172 // `borrow_interior_mutable_const::enums::AssocConsts::TO_BE_FROZEN_VARIANT`).
173 // I chose this way because unfrozen enums as assoc consts are rare (or, hopefully, none).
174 err == ErrorHandled::TooGeneric
176 |val| inner(cx, Const::from_value(cx.tcx, val, ty)),
180 fn is_value_unfrozen_poly<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, body_id: BodyId, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
181 let result = cx.tcx.const_eval_poly(body_id.hir_id.owner.to_def_id());
182 is_value_unfrozen_raw(cx, result, ty)
185 fn is_value_unfrozen_expr<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, hir_id: HirId, def_id: DefId, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
186 let substs = cx.typeck_results().node_substs(hir_id);
188 let result = cx.tcx.const_eval_resolve(
191 def: ty::WithOptConstParam::unknown(def_id),
197 is_value_unfrozen_raw(cx, result, ty)
200 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
203 Assoc { item: Span },
209 fn lint(&self) -> (&'static Lint, &'static str, Span) {
211 Self::Item { item } | Self::Assoc { item, .. } => (
212 DECLARE_INTERIOR_MUTABLE_CONST,
213 "a `const` item should never be interior mutable",
216 Self::Expr { expr } => (
217 BORROW_INTERIOR_MUTABLE_CONST,
218 "a `const` item with interior mutability should not be borrowed",
225 fn lint(cx: &LateContext<'_>, source: Source) {
226 let (lint, msg, span) = source.lint();
227 span_lint_and_then(cx, lint, span, msg, |diag| {
228 if span.from_expansion() {
229 return; // Don't give suggestions into macros.
232 Source::Item { .. } => {
233 let const_kw_span = span.from_inner(InnerSpan::new(0, 5));
234 diag.span_label(const_kw_span, "make this a static item (maybe with lazy_static)");
236 Source::Assoc { .. } => (),
237 Source::Expr { .. } => {
238 diag.help("assign this const to a local or static variable, and use the variable here");
244 declare_lint_pass!(NonCopyConst => [DECLARE_INTERIOR_MUTABLE_CONST, BORROW_INTERIOR_MUTABLE_CONST]);
246 impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NonCopyConst {
247 fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, it: &'tcx Item<'_>) {
248 if let ItemKind::Const(hir_ty, body_id) = it.kind {
249 let ty = hir_ty_to_ty(cx.tcx, hir_ty);
251 if is_unfrozen(cx, ty) && is_value_unfrozen_poly(cx, body_id, ty) {
252 lint(cx, Source::Item { item: it.span });
257 fn check_trait_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, trait_item: &'tcx TraitItem<'_>) {
258 if let TraitItemKind::Const(hir_ty, body_id_opt) = &trait_item.kind {
259 let ty = hir_ty_to_ty(cx.tcx, hir_ty);
261 // Normalize assoc types because ones originated from generic params
262 // bounded other traits could have their bound.
263 let normalized = cx.tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(cx.param_env, ty);
264 if is_unfrozen(cx, normalized)
265 // When there's no default value, lint it only according to its type;
266 // in other words, lint consts whose value *could* be unfrozen, not definitely is.
267 // This feels inconsistent with how the lint treats generic types,
268 // which avoids linting types which potentially become unfrozen.
269 // One could check whether an unfrozen type have a *frozen variant*
270 // (like `body_id_opt.map_or_else(|| !has_frozen_variant(...), ...)`),
271 // and do the same as the case of generic types at impl items.
272 // Note that it isn't sufficient to check if it has an enum
273 // since all of that enum's variants can be unfrozen:
274 // i.e. having an enum doesn't necessary mean a type has a frozen variant.
275 // And, implementing it isn't a trivial task; it'll probably end up
276 // re-implementing the trait predicate evaluation specific to `Freeze`.
277 && body_id_opt.map_or(true, |body_id| is_value_unfrozen_poly(cx, body_id, normalized))
279 lint(cx, Source::Assoc { item: trait_item.span });
284 fn check_impl_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, impl_item: &'tcx ImplItem<'_>) {
285 if let ImplItemKind::Const(hir_ty, body_id) = &impl_item.kind {
286 let item_hir_id = cx.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(impl_item.hir_id());
287 let item = cx.tcx.hir().expect_item(item_hir_id);
290 ItemKind::Impl(Impl {
291 of_trait: Some(of_trait_ref),
295 // Lint a trait impl item only when the definition is a generic type,
296 // assuming an assoc const is not meant to be an interior mutable type.
297 if let Some(of_trait_def_id) = of_trait_ref.trait_def_id();
298 if let Some(of_assoc_item) = specialization_graph::Node::Trait(of_trait_def_id)
299 .item(cx.tcx, impl_item.ident, AssocKind::Const, of_trait_def_id);
302 .layout_of(cx.tcx.param_env(of_trait_def_id).and(
303 // Normalize assoc types because ones originated from generic params
304 // bounded other traits could have their bound at the trait defs;
305 // and, in that case, the definition is *not* generic.
306 cx.tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(
307 cx.tcx.param_env(of_trait_def_id),
308 cx.tcx.type_of(of_assoc_item.def_id),
312 // If there were a function like `has_frozen_variant` described above,
313 // we should use here as a frozen variant is a potential to be frozen
314 // similar to unknown layouts.
315 // e.g. `layout_of(...).is_err() || has_frozen_variant(...);`
316 let ty = hir_ty_to_ty(cx.tcx, hir_ty);
317 let normalized = cx.tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(cx.param_env, ty);
318 if is_unfrozen(cx, normalized);
319 if is_value_unfrozen_poly(cx, *body_id, normalized);
324 item: impl_item.span,
330 ItemKind::Impl(Impl { of_trait: None, .. }) => {
331 let ty = hir_ty_to_ty(cx.tcx, hir_ty);
332 // Normalize assoc types originated from generic params.
333 let normalized = cx.tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(cx.param_env, ty);
335 if is_unfrozen(cx, ty) && is_value_unfrozen_poly(cx, *body_id, normalized) {
336 lint(cx, Source::Assoc { item: impl_item.span });
344 fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
345 if let ExprKind::Path(qpath) = &expr.kind {
346 // Only lint if we use the const item inside a function.
347 if in_constant(cx, expr.hir_id) {
351 // Make sure it is a const item.
352 let item_def_id = match cx.qpath_res(qpath, expr.hir_id) {
353 Res::Def(DefKind::Const | DefKind::AssocConst, did) => did,
357 // Climb up to resolve any field access and explicit referencing.
358 let mut cur_expr = expr;
359 let mut dereferenced_expr = expr;
360 let mut needs_check_adjustment = true;
362 let parent_id = cx.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(cur_expr.hir_id);
363 if parent_id == cur_expr.hir_id {
366 if let Some(Node::Expr(parent_expr)) = cx.tcx.hir().find(parent_id) {
367 match &parent_expr.kind {
368 ExprKind::AddrOf(..) => {
369 // `&e` => `e` must be referenced.
370 needs_check_adjustment = false;
372 ExprKind::Field(..) => {
373 needs_check_adjustment = true;
375 // Check whether implicit dereferences happened;
376 // if so, no need to go further up
377 // because of the same reason as the `ExprKind::Unary` case.
380 .expr_adjustments(dereferenced_expr)
382 .any(|adj| matches!(adj.kind, Adjust::Deref(_)))
387 dereferenced_expr = parent_expr;
389 ExprKind::Index(e, _) if ptr::eq(&**e, cur_expr) => {
390 // `e[i]` => desugared to `*Index::index(&e, i)`,
391 // meaning `e` must be referenced.
392 // no need to go further up since a method call is involved now.
393 needs_check_adjustment = false;
396 ExprKind::Unary(UnOp::Deref, _) => {
397 // `*e` => desugared to `*Deref::deref(&e)`,
398 // meaning `e` must be referenced.
399 // no need to go further up since a method call is involved now.
400 needs_check_adjustment = false;
405 cur_expr = parent_expr;
411 let ty = if needs_check_adjustment {
412 let adjustments = cx.typeck_results().expr_adjustments(dereferenced_expr);
413 if let Some(i) = adjustments
415 .position(|adj| matches!(adj.kind, Adjust::Borrow(_) | Adjust::Deref(_)))
418 cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(dereferenced_expr)
420 adjustments[i - 1].target
423 // No borrow adjustments means the entire const is moved.
427 cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(dereferenced_expr)
430 if is_unfrozen(cx, ty) && is_value_unfrozen_expr(cx, expr.hir_id, item_def_id, ty) {
431 lint(cx, Source::Expr { expr: expr.span });