src/libsyntax/print/pprust.rs

   1 // Copyright 2012-2014 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
   2 // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
   3 // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
   4 //
   5 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
   6 // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
   7 // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
   8 // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
   9 // except according to those terms.
  10
  11 pub use self::AnnNode::*;
  12
  13 use abi::{self, Abi};
  14 use ast::{self, TokenTree, BlockCheckMode, PatKind};
  15 use ast::{RegionTyParamBound, TraitTyParamBound, TraitBoundModifier};
  16 use ast::Attribute;
  17 use attr::ThinAttributesExt;
  18 use util::parser::AssocOp;
  19 use attr;
  20 use attr::{AttrMetaMethods, AttributeMethods};
  21 use codemap::{self, CodeMap, BytePos};
  22 use errors;
  23 use parse::token::{self, BinOpToken, Token, InternedString};
  24 use parse::lexer::comments;
  25 use parse;
  26 use print::pp::{self, break_offset, word, space, zerobreak, hardbreak};
  27 use print::pp::{Breaks, eof};
  28 use print::pp::Breaks::{Consistent, Inconsistent};
  29 use ptr::P;
  30 use std_inject;
  31
  32 use std::ascii;
  33 use std::io::{self, Write, Read};
  34 use std::iter;
  35
  36 pub enum AnnNode<'a> {
  37     NodeIdent(&'a ast::Ident),
  38     NodeName(&'a ast::Name),
  39     NodeBlock(&'a ast::Block),
  40     NodeItem(&'a ast::Item),
  41     NodeSubItem(ast::NodeId),
  42     NodeExpr(&'a ast::Expr),
  43     NodePat(&'a ast::Pat),
  44 }
  45
  46 pub trait PpAnn {
  47     fn pre(&self, _state: &mut State, _node: AnnNode) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
  48     fn post(&self, _state: &mut State, _node: AnnNode) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
  49 }
  50
  51 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
  52 pub struct NoAnn;
  53
  54 impl PpAnn for NoAnn {}
  55
  56 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
  57 pub struct CurrentCommentAndLiteral {
  58     pub cur_cmnt: usize,
  59     pub cur_lit: usize,
  60 }
  61
  62 pub struct State<'a> {
  63     pub s: pp::Printer<'a>,
  64     cm: Option<&'a CodeMap>,
  65     comments: Option<Vec<comments::Comment> >,
  66     literals: Option<Vec<comments::Literal> >,
  67     cur_cmnt_and_lit: CurrentCommentAndLiteral,
  68     boxes: Vec<pp::Breaks>,
  69     ann: &'a (PpAnn+'a),
  70 }
  71
  72 pub fn rust_printer<'a>(writer: Box<Write+'a>) -> State<'a> {
  73     static NO_ANN: NoAnn = NoAnn;
  74     rust_printer_annotated(writer, &NO_ANN)
  75 }
  76
  77 pub fn rust_printer_annotated<'a>(writer: Box<Write+'a>,
  78                                   ann: &'a PpAnn) -> State<'a> {
  79     State {
  80         s: pp::mk_printer(writer, DEFAULT_COLUMNS),
  81         cm: None,
  82         comments: None,
  83         literals: None,
  84         cur_cmnt_and_lit: CurrentCommentAndLiteral {
  85             cur_cmnt: 0,
  86             cur_lit: 0
  87         },
  88         boxes: Vec::new(),
  89         ann: ann,
  90     }
  91 }
  92
  93 pub const INDENT_UNIT: usize = 4;
  94
  95 pub const DEFAULT_COLUMNS: usize = 78;
  96
  97 /// Requires you to pass an input filename and reader so that
  98 /// it can scan the input text for comments and literals to
  99 /// copy forward.
 100 pub fn print_crate<'a>(cm: &'a CodeMap,
 101                        span_diagnostic: &errors::Handler,
 102                        krate: &ast::Crate,
 103                        filename: String,
 104                        input: &mut Read,
 105                        out: Box<Write+'a>,
 106                        ann: &'a PpAnn,
 107                        is_expanded: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
 108     let mut s = State::new_from_input(cm,
 109                                       span_diagnostic,
 110                                       filename,
 111                                       input,
 112                                       out,
 113                                       ann,
 114                                       is_expanded);
 115     if is_expanded && !std_inject::no_std(krate) {
 116         // We need to print `#![no_std]` (and its feature gate) so that
 117         // compiling pretty-printed source won't inject libstd again.
 118         // However we don't want these attributes in the AST because
 119         // of the feature gate, so we fake them up here.
 120
 121         // #![feature(prelude_import)]
 122         let prelude_import_meta = attr::mk_word_item(InternedString::new("prelude_import"));
 123         let list = attr::mk_list_item(InternedString::new("feature"),
 124                                       vec![prelude_import_meta]);
 125         let fake_attr = attr::mk_attr_inner(attr::mk_attr_id(), list);
 126         try!(s.print_attribute(&fake_attr));
 127
 128         // #![no_std]
 129         let no_std_meta = attr::mk_word_item(InternedString::new("no_std"));
 130         let fake_attr = attr::mk_attr_inner(attr::mk_attr_id(), no_std_meta);
 131         try!(s.print_attribute(&fake_attr));
 132     }
 133
 134     try!(s.print_mod(&krate.module, &krate.attrs));
 135     try!(s.print_remaining_comments());
 136     eof(&mut s.s)
 137 }
 138
 139 impl<'a> State<'a> {
 140     pub fn new_from_input(cm: &'a CodeMap,
 141                           span_diagnostic: &errors::Handler,
 142                           filename: String,
 143                           input: &mut Read,
 144                           out: Box<Write+'a>,
 145                           ann: &'a PpAnn,
 146                           is_expanded: bool) -> State<'a> {
 147         let (cmnts, lits) = comments::gather_comments_and_literals(
 148             span_diagnostic,
 149             filename,
 150             input);
 151
 152         State::new(
 153             cm,
 154             out,
 155             ann,
 156             Some(cmnts),
 157             // If the code is post expansion, don't use the table of
 158             // literals, since it doesn't correspond with the literals
 159             // in the AST anymore.
 160             if is_expanded { None } else { Some(lits) })
 161     }
 162
 163     pub fn new(cm: &'a CodeMap,
 164                out: Box<Write+'a>,
 165                ann: &'a PpAnn,
 166                comments: Option<Vec<comments::Comment>>,
 167                literals: Option<Vec<comments::Literal>>) -> State<'a> {
 168         State {
 169             s: pp::mk_printer(out, DEFAULT_COLUMNS),
 170             cm: Some(cm),
 171             comments: comments,
 172             literals: literals,
 173             cur_cmnt_and_lit: CurrentCommentAndLiteral {
 174                 cur_cmnt: 0,
 175                 cur_lit: 0
 176             },
 177             boxes: Vec::new(),
 178             ann: ann,
 179         }
 180     }
 181 }
 182
 183 pub fn to_string<F>(f: F) -> String where
 184     F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> io::Result<()>,
 185 {
 186     let mut wr = Vec::new();
 187     {
 188         let mut printer = rust_printer(Box::new(&mut wr));
 189         f(&mut printer).unwrap();
 190         eof(&mut printer.s).unwrap();
 191     }
 192     String::from_utf8(wr).unwrap()
 193 }
 194
 195 pub fn binop_to_string(op: BinOpToken) -> &'static str {
 196     match op {
 197         token::Plus     => "+",
 198         token::Minus    => "-",
 199         token::Star     => "*",
 200         token::Slash    => "/",
 201         token::Percent  => "%",
 202         token::Caret    => "^",
 203         token::And      => "&",
 204         token::Or       => "|",
 205         token::Shl      => "<<",
 206         token::Shr      => ">>",
 207     }
 208 }
 209
 210 pub fn token_to_string(tok: &Token) -> String {
 211     match *tok {
 212         token::Eq                   => "=".to_string(),
 213         token::Lt                   => "<".to_string(),
 214         token::Le                   => "<=".to_string(),
 215         token::EqEq                 => "==".to_string(),
 216         token::Ne                   => "!=".to_string(),
 217         token::Ge                   => ">=".to_string(),
 218         token::Gt                   => ">".to_string(),
 219         token::Not                  => "!".to_string(),
 220         token::Tilde                => "~".to_string(),
 221         token::OrOr                 => "||".to_string(),
 222         token::AndAnd               => "&&".to_string(),
 223         token::BinOp(op)            => binop_to_string(op).to_string(),
 224         token::BinOpEq(op)          => format!("{}=", binop_to_string(op)),
 225
 226         /* Structural symbols */
 227         token::At                   => "@".to_string(),
 228         token::Dot                  => ".".to_string(),
 229         token::DotDot               => "..".to_string(),
 230         token::DotDotDot            => "...".to_string(),
 231         token::Comma                => ",".to_string(),
 232         token::Semi                 => ";".to_string(),
 233         token::Colon                => ":".to_string(),
 234         token::ModSep               => "::".to_string(),
 235         token::RArrow               => "->".to_string(),
 236         token::LArrow               => "<-".to_string(),
 237         token::FatArrow             => "=>".to_string(),
 238         token::OpenDelim(token::Paren) => "(".to_string(),
 239         token::CloseDelim(token::Paren) => ")".to_string(),
 240         token::OpenDelim(token::Bracket) => "[".to_string(),
 241         token::CloseDelim(token::Bracket) => "]".to_string(),
 242         token::OpenDelim(token::Brace) => "{".to_string(),
 243         token::CloseDelim(token::Brace) => "}".to_string(),
 244         token::Pound                => "#".to_string(),
 245         token::Dollar               => "$".to_string(),
 246         token::Question             => "?".to_string(),
 247
 248         /* Literals */
 249         token::Literal(lit, suf) => {
 250             let mut out = match lit {
 251                 token::Byte(b)           => format!("b'{}'", b),
 252                 token::Char(c)           => format!("'{}'", c),
 253                 token::Float(c)          => c.to_string(),
 254                 token::Integer(c)        => c.to_string(),
 255                 token::Str_(s)           => format!("\"{}\"", s),
 256                 token::StrRaw(s, n)      => format!("r{delim}\"{string}\"{delim}",
 257                                                     delim=repeat("#", n),
 258                                                     string=s),
 259                 token::ByteStr(v)         => format!("b\"{}\"", v),
 260                 token::ByteStrRaw(s, n)   => format!("br{delim}\"{string}\"{delim}",
 261                                                     delim=repeat("#", n),
 262                                                     string=s),
 263             };
 264
 265             if let Some(s) = suf {
 266                 out.push_str(&s.as_str())
 267             }
 268
 269             out
 270         }
 271
 272         /* Name components */
 273         token::Ident(s, _)          => s.to_string(),
 274         token::Lifetime(s)          => s.to_string(),
 275         token::Underscore           => "_".to_string(),
 276
 277         /* Other */
 278         token::DocComment(s)        => s.to_string(),
 279         token::SubstNt(s, _)        => format!("${}", s),
 280         token::MatchNt(s, t, _, _)  => format!("${}:{}", s, t),
 281         token::Eof                  => "<eof>".to_string(),
 282         token::Whitespace           => " ".to_string(),
 283         token::Comment              => "/* */".to_string(),
 284         token::Shebang(s)           => format!("/* shebang: {}*/", s),
 285
 286         token::SpecialVarNt(var)    => format!("${}", var.as_str()),
 287
 288         token::Interpolated(ref nt) => match *nt {
 289             token::NtExpr(ref e)        => expr_to_string(&e),
 290             token::NtMeta(ref e)        => meta_item_to_string(&e),
 291             token::NtTy(ref e)          => ty_to_string(&e),
 292             token::NtPath(ref e)        => path_to_string(&e),
 293             token::NtItem(ref e)        => item_to_string(&e),
 294             token::NtBlock(ref e)       => block_to_string(&e),
 295             token::NtStmt(ref e)        => stmt_to_string(&e),
 296             token::NtPat(ref e)         => pat_to_string(&e),
 297             token::NtIdent(ref e, _)    => ident_to_string(e.node),
 298             token::NtTT(ref e)          => tt_to_string(&e),
 299             token::NtArm(ref e)         => arm_to_string(&e),
 300             token::NtImplItem(ref e)    => impl_item_to_string(&e),
 301             token::NtTraitItem(ref e)   => trait_item_to_string(&e),
 302             token::NtGenerics(ref e)    => generics_to_string(&e),
 303             token::NtWhereClause(ref e) => where_clause_to_string(&e),
 304             token::NtArg(ref e)         => arg_to_string(&e),
 305         }
 306     }
 307 }
 308
 309 pub fn ty_to_string(ty: &ast::Ty) -> String {
 310     to_string(|s| s.print_type(ty))
 311 }
 312
 313 pub fn bounds_to_string(bounds: &[ast::TyParamBound]) -> String {
 314     to_string(|s| s.print_bounds("", bounds))
 315 }
 316
 317 pub fn pat_to_string(pat: &ast::Pat) -> String {
 318     to_string(|s| s.print_pat(pat))
 319 }
 320
 321 pub fn arm_to_string(arm: &ast::Arm) -> String {
 322     to_string(|s| s.print_arm(arm))
 323 }
 324
 325 pub fn expr_to_string(e: &ast::Expr) -> String {
 326     to_string(|s| s.print_expr(e))
 327 }
 328
 329 pub fn lifetime_to_string(e: &ast::Lifetime) -> String {
 330     to_string(|s| s.print_lifetime(e))
 331 }
 332
 333 pub fn tt_to_string(tt: &ast::TokenTree) -> String {
 334     to_string(|s| s.print_tt(tt))
 335 }
 336
 337 pub fn tts_to_string(tts: &[ast::TokenTree]) -> String {
 338     to_string(|s| s.print_tts(tts))
 339 }
 340
 341 pub fn stmt_to_string(stmt: &ast::Stmt) -> String {
 342     to_string(|s| s.print_stmt(stmt))
 343 }
 344
 345 pub fn attr_to_string(attr: &ast::Attribute) -> String {
 346     to_string(|s| s.print_attribute(attr))
 347 }
 348
 349 pub fn item_to_string(i: &ast::Item) -> String {
 350     to_string(|s| s.print_item(i))
 351 }
 352
 353 pub fn impl_item_to_string(i: &ast::ImplItem) -> String {
 354     to_string(|s| s.print_impl_item(i))
 355 }
 356
 357 pub fn trait_item_to_string(i: &ast::TraitItem) -> String {
 358     to_string(|s| s.print_trait_item(i))
 359 }
 360
 361 pub fn generics_to_string(generics: &ast::Generics) -> String {
 362     to_string(|s| s.print_generics(generics))
 363 }
 364
 365 pub fn where_clause_to_string(i: &ast::WhereClause) -> String {
 366     to_string(|s| s.print_where_clause(i))
 367 }
 368
 369 pub fn fn_block_to_string(p: &ast::FnDecl) -> String {
 370     to_string(|s| s.print_fn_block_args(p))
 371 }
 372
 373 pub fn path_to_string(p: &ast::Path) -> String {
 374     to_string(|s| s.print_path(p, false, 0))
 375 }
 376
 377 pub fn ident_to_string(id: ast::Ident) -> String {
 378     to_string(|s| s.print_ident(id))
 379 }
 380
 381 pub fn fun_to_string(decl: &ast::FnDecl,
 382                      unsafety: ast::Unsafety,
 383                      constness: ast::Constness,
 384                      name: ast::Ident,
 385                      opt_explicit_self: Option<&ast::SelfKind>,
 386                      generics: &ast::Generics)
 387                      -> String {
 388     to_string(|s| {
 389         try!(s.head(""));
 390         try!(s.print_fn(decl, unsafety, constness, Abi::Rust, Some(name),
 391                         generics, opt_explicit_self, ast::Visibility::Inherited));
 392         try!(s.end()); // Close the head box
 393         s.end() // Close the outer box
 394     })
 395 }
 396
 397 pub fn block_to_string(blk: &ast::Block) -> String {
 398     to_string(|s| {
 399         // containing cbox, will be closed by print-block at }
 400         try!(s.cbox(INDENT_UNIT));
 401         // head-ibox, will be closed by print-block after {
 402         try!(s.ibox(0));
 403         s.print_block(blk)
 404     })
 405 }
 406
 407 pub fn meta_item_to_string(mi: &ast::MetaItem) -> String {
 408     to_string(|s| s.print_meta_item(mi))
 409 }
 410
 411 pub fn attribute_to_string(attr: &ast::Attribute) -> String {
 412     to_string(|s| s.print_attribute(attr))
 413 }
 414
 415 pub fn lit_to_string(l: &ast::Lit) -> String {
 416     to_string(|s| s.print_literal(l))
 417 }
 418
 419 pub fn explicit_self_to_string(explicit_self: &ast::SelfKind) -> String {
 420     to_string(|s| s.print_explicit_self(explicit_self, ast::Mutability::Immutable).map(|_| {}))
 421 }
 422
 423 pub fn variant_to_string(var: &ast::Variant) -> String {
 424     to_string(|s| s.print_variant(var))
 425 }
 426
 427 pub fn arg_to_string(arg: &ast::Arg) -> String {
 428     to_string(|s| s.print_arg(arg, false))
 429 }
 430
 431 pub fn mac_to_string(arg: &ast::Mac) -> String {
 432     to_string(|s| s.print_mac(arg, ::parse::token::Paren))
 433 }
 434
 435 pub fn visibility_qualified(vis: ast::Visibility, s: &str) -> String {
 436     match vis {
 437         ast::Visibility::Public => format!("pub {}", s),
 438         ast::Visibility::Inherited => s.to_string()
 439     }
 440 }
 441
 442 fn needs_parentheses(expr: &ast::Expr) -> bool {
 443     match expr.node {
 444         ast::ExprKind::Assign(..) | ast::ExprKind::Binary(..) |
 445         ast::ExprKind::Closure(..) |
 446         ast::ExprKind::AssignOp(..) | ast::ExprKind::Cast(..) |
 447         ast::ExprKind::InPlace(..) | ast::ExprKind::Type(..) => true,
 448         _ => false,
 449     }
 450 }
 451
 452 pub trait PrintState<'a> {
 453     fn writer(&mut self) -> &mut pp::Printer<'a>;
 454     fn boxes(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<pp::Breaks>;
 455     fn comments(&mut self) -> &mut Option<Vec<comments::Comment>>;
 456     fn cur_cmnt_and_lit(&mut self) -> &mut CurrentCommentAndLiteral;
 457     fn literals(&self) -> &Option<Vec<comments::Literal>>;
 458
 459     fn word_space(&mut self, w: &str) -> io::Result<()> {
 460         try!(word(self.writer(), w));
 461         space(self.writer())
 462     }
 463
 464     fn popen(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> { word(self.writer(), "(") }
 465
 466     fn pclose(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> { word(self.writer(), ")") }
 467
 468     fn is_begin(&mut self) -> bool {
 469         match self.writer().last_token() {
 470             pp::Token::Begin(_) => true,
 471             _ => false,
 472         }
 473     }
 474
 475     fn is_end(&mut self) -> bool {
 476         match self.writer().last_token() {
 477             pp::Token::End => true,
 478             _ => false,
 479         }
 480     }
 481
 482     // is this the beginning of a line?
 483     fn is_bol(&mut self) -> bool {
 484         self.writer().last_token().is_eof() || self.writer().last_token().is_hardbreak_tok()
 485     }
 486
 487     fn hardbreak_if_not_bol(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
 488         if !self.is_bol() {
 489             try!(hardbreak(self.writer()))
 490         }
 491         Ok(())
 492     }
 493
 494     // "raw box"
 495     fn rbox(&mut self, u: usize, b: pp::Breaks) -> io::Result<()> {
 496         self.boxes().push(b);
 497         pp::rbox(self.writer(), u, b)
 498     }
 499
 500     fn ibox(&mut self, u: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
 501         self.boxes().push(pp::Breaks::Inconsistent);
 502         pp::ibox(self.writer(), u)
 503     }
 504
 505     fn end(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
 506         self.boxes().pop().unwrap();
 507         pp::end(self.writer())
 508     }
 509
 510     fn commasep<T, F>(&mut self, b: Breaks, elts: &[T], mut op: F) -> io::Result<()>
 511         where F: FnMut(&mut Self, &T) -> io::Result<()>,
 512     {
 513         try!(self.rbox(0, b));
 514         let mut first = true;
 515         for elt in elts {
 516             if first { first = false; } else { try!(self.word_space(",")); }
 517             try!(op(self, elt));
 518         }
 519         self.end()
 520     }
 521
 522     fn next_lit(&mut self, pos: BytePos) -> Option<comments::Literal> {
 523         let mut cur_lit = self.cur_cmnt_and_lit().cur_lit;
 524
 525         let mut result = None;
 526
 527         if let &Some(ref lits) = self.literals()
 528         {
 529             while cur_lit < lits.len() {
 530                 let ltrl = (*lits)[cur_lit].clone();
 531                 if ltrl.pos > pos { break; }
 532                 cur_lit += 1;
 533                 if ltrl.pos == pos {
 534                     result = Some(ltrl);
 535                     break;
 536                 }
 537             }
 538         }
 539
 540         self.cur_cmnt_and_lit().cur_lit = cur_lit;
 541         result
 542     }
 543
 544     fn maybe_print_comment(&mut self, pos: BytePos) -> io::Result<()> {
 545         loop {
 546             match self.next_comment() {
 547                 Some(ref cmnt) => {
 548                     if (*cmnt).pos < pos {
 549                         try!(self.print_comment(cmnt));
 550                         self.cur_cmnt_and_lit().cur_cmnt += 1;
 551                     } else { break; }
 552                 }
 553                 _ => break
 554             }
 555         }
 556         Ok(())
 557     }
 558
 559     fn print_comment(&mut self,
 560                      cmnt: &comments::Comment) -> io::Result<()> {
 561         match cmnt.style {
 562             comments::Mixed => {
 563                 assert_eq!(cmnt.lines.len(), 1);
 564                 try!(zerobreak(self.writer()));
 565                 try!(word(self.writer(), &cmnt.lines[0]));
 566                 zerobreak(self.writer())
 567             }
 568             comments::Isolated => {
 569                 try!(self.hardbreak_if_not_bol());
 570                 for line in &cmnt.lines {
 571                     // Don't print empty lines because they will end up as trailing
 572                     // whitespace
 573                     if !line.is_empty() {
 574                         try!(word(self.writer(), &line[..]));
 575                     }
 576                     try!(hardbreak(self.writer()));
 577                 }
 578                 Ok(())
 579             }
 580             comments::Trailing => {
 581                 try!(word(self.writer(), " "));
 582                 if cmnt.lines.len() == 1 {
 583                     try!(word(self.writer(), &cmnt.lines[0]));
 584                     hardbreak(self.writer())
 585                 } else {
 586                     try!(self.ibox(0));
 587                     for line in &cmnt.lines {
 588                         if !line.is_empty() {
 589                             try!(word(self.writer(), &line[..]));
 590                         }
 591                         try!(hardbreak(self.writer()));
 592                     }
 593                     self.end()
 594                 }
 595             }
 596             comments::BlankLine => {
 597                 // We need to do at least one, possibly two hardbreaks.
 598                 let is_semi = match self.writer().last_token() {
 599                     pp::Token::String(s, _) => ";" == s,
 600                     _ => false
 601                 };
 602                 if is_semi || self.is_begin() || self.is_end() {
 603                     try!(hardbreak(self.writer()));
 604                 }
 605                 hardbreak(self.writer())
 606             }
 607         }
 608     }
 609
 610     fn next_comment(&mut self) -> Option<comments::Comment> {
 611         let cur_cmnt = self.cur_cmnt_and_lit().cur_cmnt;
 612         match *self.comments() {
 613             Some(ref cmnts) => {
 614                 if cur_cmnt < cmnts.len() {
 615                     Some(cmnts[cur_cmnt].clone())
 616                 } else {
 617                     None
 618                 }
 619             }
 620             _ => None
 621         }
 622     }
 623
 624     fn print_literal(&mut self, lit: &ast::Lit) -> io::Result<()> {
 625         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(lit.span.lo));
 626         match self.next_lit(lit.span.lo) {
 627             Some(ref ltrl) => {
 628                 return word(self.writer(), &(*ltrl).lit);
 629             }
 630             _ => ()
 631         }
 632         match lit.node {
 633             ast::LitKind::Str(ref st, style) => self.print_string(&st, style),
 634             ast::LitKind::Byte(byte) => {
 635                 let mut res = String::from("b'");
 636                 res.extend(ascii::escape_default(byte).map(|c| c as char));
 637                 res.push('\'');
 638                 word(self.writer(), &res[..])
 639             }
 640             ast::LitKind::Char(ch) => {
 641                 let mut res = String::from("'");
 642                 res.extend(ch.escape_default());
 643                 res.push('\'');
 644                 word(self.writer(), &res[..])
 645             }
 646             ast::LitKind::Int(i, t) => {
 647                 match t {
 648                     ast::LitIntType::Signed(st) => {
 649                         word(self.writer(),
 650                              &st.val_to_string(i as i64))
 651                     }
 652                     ast::LitIntType::Unsigned(ut) => {
 653                         word(self.writer(), &ut.val_to_string(i))
 654                     }
 655                     ast::LitIntType::Unsuffixed => {
 656                         word(self.writer(), &format!("{}", i))
 657                     }
 658                 }
 659             }
 660             ast::LitKind::Float(ref f, t) => {
 661                 word(self.writer(),
 662                      &format!(
 663                          "{}{}",
 664                          &f,
 665                          t.ty_to_string()))
 666             }
 667             ast::LitKind::FloatUnsuffixed(ref f) => word(self.writer(), &f[..]),
 668             ast::LitKind::Bool(val) => {
 669                 if val { word(self.writer(), "true") } else { word(self.writer(), "false") }
 670             }
 671             ast::LitKind::ByteStr(ref v) => {
 672                 let mut escaped: String = String::new();
 673                 for &ch in v.iter() {
 674                     escaped.extend(ascii::escape_default(ch)
 675                                          .map(|c| c as char));
 676                 }
 677                 word(self.writer(), &format!("b\"{}\"", escaped))
 678             }
 679         }
 680     }
 681
 682     fn print_string(&mut self, st: &str,
 683                     style: ast::StrStyle) -> io::Result<()> {
 684         let st = match style {
 685             ast::StrStyle::Cooked => {
 686                 (format!("\"{}\"", st.escape_default()))
 687             }
 688             ast::StrStyle::Raw(n) => {
 689                 (format!("r{delim}\"{string}\"{delim}",
 690                          delim=repeat("#", n),
 691                          string=st))
 692             }
 693         };
 694         word(self.writer(), &st[..])
 695     }
 696
 697     fn print_inner_attributes(&mut self,
 698                               attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
 699         self.print_either_attributes(attrs, ast::AttrStyle::Inner, false, true)
 700     }
 701
 702     fn print_inner_attributes_no_trailing_hardbreak(&mut self,
 703                                                    attrs: &[ast::Attribute])
 704                                                    -> io::Result<()> {
 705         self.print_either_attributes(attrs, ast::AttrStyle::Inner, false, false)
 706     }
 707
 708     fn print_outer_attributes(&mut self,
 709                               attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
 710         self.print_either_attributes(attrs, ast::AttrStyle::Outer, false, true)
 711     }
 712
 713     fn print_inner_attributes_inline(&mut self,
 714                                      attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
 715         self.print_either_attributes(attrs, ast::AttrStyle::Inner, true, true)
 716     }
 717
 718     fn print_outer_attributes_inline(&mut self,
 719                                      attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
 720         self.print_either_attributes(attrs, ast::AttrStyle::Outer, true, true)
 721     }
 722
 723     fn print_either_attributes(&mut self,
 724                               attrs: &[ast::Attribute],
 725                               kind: ast::AttrStyle,
 726                               is_inline: bool,
 727                               trailing_hardbreak: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
 728         let mut count = 0;
 729         for attr in attrs {
 730             if attr.node.style == kind {
 731                     try!(self.print_attribute_inline(attr, is_inline));
 732                     if is_inline {
 733                         try!(self.nbsp());
 734                     }
 735                     count += 1;
 736             }
 737         }
 738         if count > 0 && trailing_hardbreak && !is_inline {
 739             try!(self.hardbreak_if_not_bol());
 740         }
 741         Ok(())
 742     }
 743
 744     fn print_attribute(&mut self, attr: &ast::Attribute) -> io::Result<()> {
 745         self.print_attribute_inline(attr, false)
 746     }
 747
 748     fn print_attribute_inline(&mut self, attr: &ast::Attribute,
 749                               is_inline: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
 750         if !is_inline {
 751             try!(self.hardbreak_if_not_bol());
 752         }
 753         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(attr.span.lo));
 754         if attr.node.is_sugared_doc {
 755             word(self.writer(), &attr.value_str().unwrap())
 756         } else {
 757             match attr.node.style {
 758                 ast::AttrStyle::Inner => try!(word(self.writer(), "#![")),
 759                 ast::AttrStyle::Outer => try!(word(self.writer(), "#[")),
 760             }
 761             try!(self.print_meta_item(&attr.meta()));
 762             word(self.writer(), "]")
 763         }
 764     }
 765
 766     fn print_meta_item(&mut self, item: &ast::MetaItem) -> io::Result<()> {
 767         try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
 768         match item.node {
 769             ast::MetaItemKind::Word(ref name) => {
 770                 try!(word(self.writer(), &name));
 771             }
 772             ast::MetaItemKind::NameValue(ref name, ref value) => {
 773                 try!(self.word_space(&name[..]));
 774                 try!(self.word_space("="));
 775                 try!(self.print_literal(value));
 776             }
 777             ast::MetaItemKind::List(ref name, ref items) => {
 778                 try!(word(self.writer(), &name));
 779                 try!(self.popen());
 780                 try!(self.commasep(Consistent,
 781                                    &items[..],
 782                                    |s, i| s.print_meta_item(&i)));
 783                 try!(self.pclose());
 784             }
 785         }
 786         self.end()
 787     }
 788
 789     fn space_if_not_bol(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
 790         if !self.is_bol() { try!(space(self.writer())); }
 791         Ok(())
 792     }
 793
 794     fn nbsp(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> { word(self.writer(), " ") }
 795 }
 796
 797 impl<'a> PrintState<'a> for State<'a> {
 798     fn writer(&mut self) -> &mut pp::Printer<'a> {
 799         &mut self.s
 800     }
 801
 802     fn boxes(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<pp::Breaks> {
 803         &mut self.boxes
 804     }
 805
 806     fn comments(&mut self) -> &mut Option<Vec<comments::Comment>> {
 807         &mut self.comments
 808     }
 809
 810     fn cur_cmnt_and_lit(&mut self) -> &mut CurrentCommentAndLiteral {
 811         &mut self.cur_cmnt_and_lit
 812     }
 813
 814     fn literals(&self) -> &Option<Vec<comments::Literal>> {
 815         &self.literals
 816     }
 817 }
 818
 819 impl<'a> State<'a> {
 820     pub fn cbox(&mut self, u: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
 821         self.boxes.push(pp::Breaks::Consistent);
 822         pp::cbox(&mut self.s, u)
 823     }
 824
 825     pub fn word_nbsp(&mut self, w: &str) -> io::Result<()> {
 826         try!(word(&mut self.s, w));
 827         self.nbsp()
 828     }
 829
 830     pub fn head(&mut self, w: &str) -> io::Result<()> {
 831         // outer-box is consistent
 832         try!(self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT));
 833         // head-box is inconsistent
 834         try!(self.ibox(w.len() + 1));
 835         // keyword that starts the head
 836         if !w.is_empty() {
 837             try!(self.word_nbsp(w));
 838         }
 839         Ok(())
 840     }
 841
 842     pub fn bopen(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
 843         try!(word(&mut self.s, "{"));
 844         self.end() // close the head-box
 845     }
 846
 847     pub fn bclose_(&mut self, span: codemap::Span,
 848                    indented: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
 849         self.bclose_maybe_open(span, indented, true)
 850     }
 851     pub fn bclose_maybe_open(&mut self, span: codemap::Span,
 852                              indented: usize, close_box: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
 853         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(span.hi));
 854         try!(self.break_offset_if_not_bol(1, -(indented as isize)));
 855         try!(word(&mut self.s, "}"));
 856         if close_box {
 857             try!(self.end()); // close the outer-box
 858         }
 859         Ok(())
 860     }
 861     pub fn bclose(&mut self, span: codemap::Span) -> io::Result<()> {
 862         self.bclose_(span, INDENT_UNIT)
 863     }
 864
 865     pub fn in_cbox(&self) -> bool {
 866         match self.boxes.last() {
 867             Some(&last_box) => last_box == pp::Breaks::Consistent,
 868             None => false
 869         }
 870     }
 871
 872     pub fn break_offset_if_not_bol(&mut self, n: usize,
 873                                    off: isize) -> io::Result<()> {
 874         if !self.is_bol() {
 875             break_offset(&mut self.s, n, off)
 876         } else {
 877             if off != 0 && self.s.last_token().is_hardbreak_tok() {
 878                 // We do something pretty sketchy here: tuck the nonzero
 879                 // offset-adjustment we were going to deposit along with the
 880                 // break into the previous hardbreak.
 881                 self.s.replace_last_token(pp::hardbreak_tok_offset(off));
 882             }
 883             Ok(())
 884         }
 885     }
 886
 887     // Synthesizes a comment that was not textually present in the original source
 888     // file.
 889     pub fn synth_comment(&mut self, text: String) -> io::Result<()> {
 890         try!(word(&mut self.s, "/*"));
 891         try!(space(&mut self.s));
 892         try!(word(&mut self.s, &text[..]));
 893         try!(space(&mut self.s));
 894         word(&mut self.s, "*/")
 895     }
 896
 897
 898
 899     pub fn commasep_cmnt<T, F, G>(&mut self,
 900                                   b: Breaks,
 901                                   elts: &[T],
 902                                   mut op: F,
 903                                   mut get_span: G) -> io::Result<()> where
 904         F: FnMut(&mut State, &T) -> io::Result<()>,
 905         G: FnMut(&T) -> codemap::Span,
 906     {
 907         try!(self.rbox(0, b));
 908         let len = elts.len();
 909         let mut i = 0;
 910         for elt in elts {
 911             try!(self.maybe_print_comment(get_span(elt).hi));
 912             try!(op(self, elt));
 913             i += 1;
 914             if i < len {
 915                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ","));
 916                 try!(self.maybe_print_trailing_comment(get_span(elt),
 917                                                     Some(get_span(&elts[i]).hi)));
 918                 try!(self.space_if_not_bol());
 919             }
 920         }
 921         self.end()
 922     }
 923
 924     pub fn commasep_exprs(&mut self, b: Breaks,
 925                           exprs: &[P<ast::Expr>]) -> io::Result<()> {
 926         self.commasep_cmnt(b, exprs, |s, e| s.print_expr(&e), |e| e.span)
 927     }
 928
 929     pub fn print_mod(&mut self, _mod: &ast::Mod,
 930                      attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
 931         try!(self.print_inner_attributes(attrs));
 932         for item in &_mod.items {
 933             try!(self.print_item(&item));
 934         }
 935         Ok(())
 936     }
 937
 938     pub fn print_foreign_mod(&mut self, nmod: &ast::ForeignMod,
 939                              attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
 940         try!(self.print_inner_attributes(attrs));
 941         for item in &nmod.items {
 942             try!(self.print_foreign_item(item));
 943         }
 944         Ok(())
 945     }
 946
 947     pub fn print_opt_lifetime(&mut self,
 948                               lifetime: &Option<ast::Lifetime>) -> io::Result<()> {
 949         if let Some(l) = *lifetime {
 950             try!(self.print_lifetime(&l));
 951             try!(self.nbsp());
 952         }
 953         Ok(())
 954     }
 955
 956     pub fn print_type(&mut self, ty: &ast::Ty) -> io::Result<()> {
 957         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(ty.span.lo));
 958         try!(self.ibox(0));
 959         match ty.node {
 960             ast::TyKind::Vec(ref ty) => {
 961                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "["));
 962                 try!(self.print_type(&ty));
 963                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "]"));
 964             }
 965             ast::TyKind::Ptr(ref mt) => {
 966                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "*"));
 967                 match mt.mutbl {
 968                     ast::Mutability::Mutable => try!(self.word_nbsp("mut")),
 969                     ast::Mutability::Immutable => try!(self.word_nbsp("const")),
 970                 }
 971                 try!(self.print_type(&mt.ty));
 972             }
 973             ast::TyKind::Rptr(ref lifetime, ref mt) => {
 974                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "&"));
 975                 try!(self.print_opt_lifetime(lifetime));
 976                 try!(self.print_mt(mt));
 977             }
 978             ast::TyKind::Tup(ref elts) => {
 979                 try!(self.popen());
 980                 try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent, &elts[..],
 981                                    |s, ty| s.print_type(&ty)));
 982                 if elts.len() == 1 {
 983                     try!(word(&mut self.s, ","));
 984                 }
 985                 try!(self.pclose());
 986             }
 987             ast::TyKind::Paren(ref typ) => {
 988                 try!(self.popen());
 989                 try!(self.print_type(&typ));
 990                 try!(self.pclose());
 991             }
 992             ast::TyKind::BareFn(ref f) => {
 993                 let generics = ast::Generics {
 994                     lifetimes: f.lifetimes.clone(),
 995                     ty_params: P::empty(),
 996                     where_clause: ast::WhereClause {
 997                         id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
 998                         predicates: Vec::new(),
 999                     },
1000                 };
1001                 try!(self.print_ty_fn(f.abi,
1002                                       f.unsafety,
1003                                       &f.decl,
1004                                       None,
1005                                       &generics,
1006                                       None));
1007             }
1008             ast::TyKind::Path(None, ref path) => {
1009                 try!(self.print_path(path, false, 0));
1010             }
1011             ast::TyKind::Path(Some(ref qself), ref path) => {
1012                 try!(self.print_qpath(path, qself, false))
1013             }
1014             ast::TyKind::ObjectSum(ref ty, ref bounds) => {
1015                 try!(self.print_type(&ty));
1016                 try!(self.print_bounds("+", &bounds[..]));
1017             }
1018             ast::TyKind::PolyTraitRef(ref bounds) => {
1019                 try!(self.print_bounds("", &bounds[..]));
1020             }
1021             ast::TyKind::FixedLengthVec(ref ty, ref v) => {
1022                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "["));
1023                 try!(self.print_type(&ty));
1024                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "; "));
1025                 try!(self.print_expr(&v));
1026                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "]"));
1027             }
1028             ast::TyKind::Typeof(ref e) => {
1029                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "typeof("));
1030                 try!(self.print_expr(&e));
1031                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ")"));
1032             }
1033             ast::TyKind::Infer => {
1034                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "_"));
1035             }
1036             ast::TyKind::Mac(ref m) => {
1037                 try!(self.print_mac(m, token::Paren));
1038             }
1039         }
1040         self.end()
1041     }
1042
1043     pub fn print_foreign_item(&mut self,
1044                               item: &ast::ForeignItem) -> io::Result<()> {
1045         try!(self.hardbreak_if_not_bol());
1046         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(item.span.lo));
1047         try!(self.print_outer_attributes(&item.attrs));
1048         match item.node {
1049             ast::ForeignItemKind::Fn(ref decl, ref generics) => {
1050                 try!(self.head(""));
1051                 try!(self.print_fn(decl, ast::Unsafety::Normal,
1052                                    ast::Constness::NotConst,
1053                                    Abi::Rust, Some(item.ident),
1054                                    generics, None, item.vis));
1055                 try!(self.end()); // end head-ibox
1056                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1057                 self.end() // end the outer fn box
1058             }
1059             ast::ForeignItemKind::Static(ref t, m) => {
1060                 try!(self.head(&visibility_qualified(item.vis,
1061                                                     "static")));
1062                 if m {
1063                     try!(self.word_space("mut"));
1064                 }
1065                 try!(self.print_ident(item.ident));
1066                 try!(self.word_space(":"));
1067                 try!(self.print_type(&t));
1068                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1069                 try!(self.end()); // end the head-ibox
1070                 self.end() // end the outer cbox
1071             }
1072         }
1073     }
1074
1075     fn print_associated_const(&mut self,
1076                               ident: ast::Ident,
1077                               ty: &ast::Ty,
1078                               default: Option<&ast::Expr>,
1079                               vis: ast::Visibility)
1080                               -> io::Result<()>
1081     {
1082         try!(word(&mut self.s, &visibility_qualified(vis, "")));
1083         try!(self.word_space("const"));
1084         try!(self.print_ident(ident));
1085         try!(self.word_space(":"));
1086         try!(self.print_type(ty));
1087         if let Some(expr) = default {
1088             try!(space(&mut self.s));
1089             try!(self.word_space("="));
1090             try!(self.print_expr(expr));
1091         }
1092         word(&mut self.s, ";")
1093     }
1094
1095     fn print_associated_type(&mut self,
1096                              ident: ast::Ident,
1097                              bounds: Option<&ast::TyParamBounds>,
1098                              ty: Option<&ast::Ty>)
1099                              -> io::Result<()> {
1100         try!(self.word_space("type"));
1101         try!(self.print_ident(ident));
1102         if let Some(bounds) = bounds {
1103             try!(self.print_bounds(":", bounds));
1104         }
1105         if let Some(ty) = ty {
1106             try!(space(&mut self.s));
1107             try!(self.word_space("="));
1108             try!(self.print_type(ty));
1109         }
1110         word(&mut self.s, ";")
1111     }
1112
1113     /// Pretty-print an item
1114     pub fn print_item(&mut self, item: &ast::Item) -> io::Result<()> {
1115         try!(self.hardbreak_if_not_bol());
1116         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(item.span.lo));
1117         try!(self.print_outer_attributes(&item.attrs));
1118         try!(self.ann.pre(self, NodeItem(item)));
1119         match item.node {
1120             ast::ItemKind::ExternCrate(ref optional_path) => {
1121                 try!(self.head(&visibility_qualified(item.vis,
1122                                                      "extern crate")));
1123                 if let Some(p) = *optional_path {
1124                     let val = p.as_str();
1125                     if val.contains("-") {
1126                         try!(self.print_string(&val, ast::StrStyle::Cooked));
1127                     } else {
1128                         try!(self.print_name(p));
1129                     }
1130                     try!(space(&mut self.s));
1131                     try!(word(&mut self.s, "as"));
1132                     try!(space(&mut self.s));
1133                 }
1134                 try!(self.print_ident(item.ident));
1135                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1136                 try!(self.end()); // end inner head-block
1137                 try!(self.end()); // end outer head-block
1138             }
1139             ast::ItemKind::Use(ref vp) => {
1140                 try!(self.head(&visibility_qualified(item.vis,
1141                                                      "use")));
1142                 try!(self.print_view_path(&vp));
1143                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1144                 try!(self.end()); // end inner head-block
1145                 try!(self.end()); // end outer head-block
1146             }
1147             ast::ItemKind::Static(ref ty, m, ref expr) => {
1148                 try!(self.head(&visibility_qualified(item.vis,
1149                                                     "static")));
1150                 if m == ast::Mutability::Mutable {
1151                     try!(self.word_space("mut"));
1152                 }
1153                 try!(self.print_ident(item.ident));
1154                 try!(self.word_space(":"));
1155                 try!(self.print_type(&ty));
1156                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
1157                 try!(self.end()); // end the head-ibox
1158
1159                 try!(self.word_space("="));
1160                 try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
1161                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1162                 try!(self.end()); // end the outer cbox
1163             }
1164             ast::ItemKind::Const(ref ty, ref expr) => {
1165                 try!(self.head(&visibility_qualified(item.vis,
1166                                                     "const")));
1167                 try!(self.print_ident(item.ident));
1168                 try!(self.word_space(":"));
1169                 try!(self.print_type(&ty));
1170                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
1171                 try!(self.end()); // end the head-ibox
1172
1173                 try!(self.word_space("="));
1174                 try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
1175                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1176                 try!(self.end()); // end the outer cbox
1177             }
1178             ast::ItemKind::Fn(ref decl, unsafety, constness, abi, ref typarams, ref body) => {
1179                 try!(self.head(""));
1180                 try!(self.print_fn(
1181                     decl,
1182                     unsafety,
1183                     constness,
1184                     abi,
1185                     Some(item.ident),
1186                     typarams,
1187                     None,
1188                     item.vis
1189                 ));
1190                 try!(word(&mut self.s, " "));
1191                 try!(self.print_block_with_attrs(&body, &item.attrs));
1192             }
1193             ast::ItemKind::Mod(ref _mod) => {
1194                 try!(self.head(&visibility_qualified(item.vis,
1195                                                     "mod")));
1196                 try!(self.print_ident(item.ident));
1197                 try!(self.nbsp());
1198                 try!(self.bopen());
1199                 try!(self.print_mod(_mod, &item.attrs));
1200                 try!(self.bclose(item.span));
1201             }
1202             ast::ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref nmod) => {
1203                 try!(self.head("extern"));
1204                 try!(self.word_nbsp(&nmod.abi.to_string()));
1205                 try!(self.bopen());
1206                 try!(self.print_foreign_mod(nmod, &item.attrs));
1207                 try!(self.bclose(item.span));
1208             }
1209             ast::ItemKind::Ty(ref ty, ref params) => {
1210                 try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
1211                 try!(self.ibox(0));
1212                 try!(self.word_nbsp(&visibility_qualified(item.vis, "type")));
1213                 try!(self.print_ident(item.ident));
1214                 try!(self.print_generics(params));
1215                 try!(self.end()); // end the inner ibox
1216
1217                 try!(self.print_where_clause(&params.where_clause));
1218                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
1219                 try!(self.word_space("="));
1220                 try!(self.print_type(&ty));
1221                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1222                 try!(self.end()); // end the outer ibox
1223             }
1224             ast::ItemKind::Enum(ref enum_definition, ref params) => {
1225                 try!(self.print_enum_def(
1226                     enum_definition,
1227                     params,
1228                     item.ident,
1229                     item.span,
1230                     item.vis
1231                 ));
1232             }
1233             ast::ItemKind::Struct(ref struct_def, ref generics) => {
1234                 try!(self.head(&visibility_qualified(item.vis,"struct")));
1235                 try!(self.print_struct(&struct_def, generics, item.ident, item.span, true));
1236             }
1237
1238             ast::ItemKind::DefaultImpl(unsafety, ref trait_ref) => {
1239                 try!(self.head(""));
1240                 try!(self.print_visibility(item.vis));
1241                 try!(self.print_unsafety(unsafety));
1242                 try!(self.word_nbsp("impl"));
1243                 try!(self.print_trait_ref(trait_ref));
1244                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
1245                 try!(self.word_space("for"));
1246                 try!(self.word_space(".."));
1247                 try!(self.bopen());
1248                 try!(self.bclose(item.span));
1249             }
1250             ast::ItemKind::Impl(unsafety,
1251                           polarity,
1252                           ref generics,
1253                           ref opt_trait,
1254                           ref ty,
1255                           ref impl_items) => {
1256                 try!(self.head(""));
1257                 try!(self.print_visibility(item.vis));
1258                 try!(self.print_unsafety(unsafety));
1259                 try!(self.word_nbsp("impl"));
1260
1261                 if generics.is_parameterized() {
1262                     try!(self.print_generics(generics));
1263                     try!(space(&mut self.s));
1264                 }
1265
1266                 match polarity {
1267                     ast::ImplPolarity::Negative => {
1268                         try!(word(&mut self.s, "!"));
1269                     },
1270                     _ => {}
1271                 }
1272
1273                 match *opt_trait {
1274                     Some(ref t) => {
1275                         try!(self.print_trait_ref(t));
1276                         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1277                         try!(self.word_space("for"));
1278                     }
1279                     None => {}
1280                 }
1281
1282                 try!(self.print_type(&ty));
1283                 try!(self.print_where_clause(&generics.where_clause));
1284
1285                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
1286                 try!(self.bopen());
1287                 try!(self.print_inner_attributes(&item.attrs));
1288                 for impl_item in impl_items {
1289                     try!(self.print_impl_item(impl_item));
1290                 }
1291                 try!(self.bclose(item.span));
1292             }
1293             ast::ItemKind::Trait(unsafety, ref generics, ref bounds, ref trait_items) => {
1294                 try!(self.head(""));
1295                 try!(self.print_visibility(item.vis));
1296                 try!(self.print_unsafety(unsafety));
1297                 try!(self.word_nbsp("trait"));
1298                 try!(self.print_ident(item.ident));
1299                 try!(self.print_generics(generics));
1300                 let mut real_bounds = Vec::with_capacity(bounds.len());
1301                 for b in bounds.iter() {
1302                     if let TraitTyParamBound(ref ptr, ast::TraitBoundModifier::Maybe) = *b {
1303                         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1304                         try!(self.word_space("for ?"));
1305                         try!(self.print_trait_ref(&ptr.trait_ref));
1306                     } else {
1307                         real_bounds.push(b.clone());
1308                     }
1309                 }
1310                 try!(self.print_bounds(":", &real_bounds[..]));
1311                 try!(self.print_where_clause(&generics.where_clause));
1312                 try!(word(&mut self.s, " "));
1313                 try!(self.bopen());
1314                 for trait_item in trait_items {
1315                     try!(self.print_trait_item(trait_item));
1316                 }
1317                 try!(self.bclose(item.span));
1318             }
1319             ast::ItemKind::Mac(codemap::Spanned { ref node, .. }) => {
1320                 try!(self.print_visibility(item.vis));
1321                 try!(self.print_path(&node.path, false, 0));
1322                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "! "));
1323                 try!(self.print_ident(item.ident));
1324                 try!(self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT));
1325                 try!(self.popen());
1326                 try!(self.print_tts(&node.tts[..]));
1327                 try!(self.pclose());
1328                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1329                 try!(self.end());
1330             }
1331         }
1332         self.ann.post(self, NodeItem(item))
1333     }
1334
1335     fn print_trait_ref(&mut self, t: &ast::TraitRef) -> io::Result<()> {
1336         self.print_path(&t.path, false, 0)
1337     }
1338
1339     fn print_formal_lifetime_list(&mut self, lifetimes: &[ast::LifetimeDef]) -> io::Result<()> {
1340         if !lifetimes.is_empty() {
1341             try!(word(&mut self.s, "for<"));
1342             let mut comma = false;
1343             for lifetime_def in lifetimes {
1344                 if comma {
1345                     try!(self.word_space(","))
1346                 }
1347                 try!(self.print_lifetime_def(lifetime_def));
1348                 comma = true;
1349             }
1350             try!(word(&mut self.s, ">"));
1351         }
1352         Ok(())
1353     }
1354
1355     fn print_poly_trait_ref(&mut self, t: &ast::PolyTraitRef) -> io::Result<()> {
1356         try!(self.print_formal_lifetime_list(&t.bound_lifetimes));
1357         self.print_trait_ref(&t.trait_ref)
1358     }
1359
1360     pub fn print_enum_def(&mut self, enum_definition: &ast::EnumDef,
1361                           generics: &ast::Generics, ident: ast::Ident,
1362                           span: codemap::Span,
1363                           visibility: ast::Visibility) -> io::Result<()> {
1364         try!(self.head(&visibility_qualified(visibility, "enum")));
1365         try!(self.print_ident(ident));
1366         try!(self.print_generics(generics));
1367         try!(self.print_where_clause(&generics.where_clause));
1368         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1369         self.print_variants(&enum_definition.variants, span)
1370     }
1371
1372     pub fn print_variants(&mut self,
1373                           variants: &[ast::Variant],
1374                           span: codemap::Span) -> io::Result<()> {
1375         try!(self.bopen());
1376         for v in variants {
1377             try!(self.space_if_not_bol());
1378             try!(self.maybe_print_comment(v.span.lo));
1379             try!(self.print_outer_attributes(&v.node.attrs));
1380             try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
1381             try!(self.print_variant(v));
1382             try!(word(&mut self.s, ","));
1383             try!(self.end());
1384             try!(self.maybe_print_trailing_comment(v.span, None));
1385         }
1386         self.bclose(span)
1387     }
1388
1389     pub fn print_visibility(&mut self, vis: ast::Visibility) -> io::Result<()> {
1390         match vis {
1391             ast::Visibility::Public => self.word_nbsp("pub"),
1392             ast::Visibility::Inherited => Ok(())
1393         }
1394     }
1395
1396     pub fn print_struct(&mut self,
1397                         struct_def: &ast::VariantData,
1398                         generics: &ast::Generics,
1399                         ident: ast::Ident,
1400                         span: codemap::Span,
1401                         print_finalizer: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
1402         try!(self.print_ident(ident));
1403         try!(self.print_generics(generics));
1404         if !struct_def.is_struct() {
1405             if struct_def.is_tuple() {
1406                 try!(self.popen());
1407                 try!(self.commasep(
1408                     Inconsistent, struct_def.fields(),
1409                     |s, field| {
1410                         match field.node.kind {
1411                             ast::NamedField(..) => panic!("unexpected named field"),
1412                             ast::UnnamedField(vis) => {
1413                                 try!(s.print_visibility(vis));
1414                                 try!(s.maybe_print_comment(field.span.lo));
1415                                 s.print_type(&field.node.ty)
1416                             }
1417                         }
1418                     }
1419                 ));
1420                 try!(self.pclose());
1421             }
1422             try!(self.print_where_clause(&generics.where_clause));
1423             if print_finalizer {
1424                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1425             }
1426             try!(self.end());
1427             self.end() // close the outer-box
1428         } else {
1429             try!(self.print_where_clause(&generics.where_clause));
1430             try!(self.nbsp());
1431             try!(self.bopen());
1432             try!(self.hardbreak_if_not_bol());
1433
1434             for field in struct_def.fields() {
1435                 match field.node.kind {
1436                     ast::UnnamedField(..) => panic!("unexpected unnamed field"),
1437                     ast::NamedField(ident, visibility) => {
1438                         try!(self.hardbreak_if_not_bol());
1439                         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(field.span.lo));
1440                         try!(self.print_outer_attributes(&field.node.attrs));
1441                         try!(self.print_visibility(visibility));
1442                         try!(self.print_ident(ident));
1443                         try!(self.word_nbsp(":"));
1444                         try!(self.print_type(&field.node.ty));
1445                         try!(word(&mut self.s, ","));
1446                     }
1447                 }
1448             }
1449
1450             self.bclose(span)
1451         }
1452     }
1453
1454     /// This doesn't deserve to be called "pretty" printing, but it should be
1455     /// meaning-preserving. A quick hack that might help would be to look at the
1456     /// spans embedded in the TTs to decide where to put spaces and newlines.
1457     /// But it'd be better to parse these according to the grammar of the
1458     /// appropriate macro, transcribe back into the grammar we just parsed from,
1459     /// and then pretty-print the resulting AST nodes (so, e.g., we print
1460     /// expression arguments as expressions). It can be done! I think.
1461     pub fn print_tt(&mut self, tt: &ast::TokenTree) -> io::Result<()> {
1462         match *tt {
1463             TokenTree::Token(_, ref tk) => {
1464                 try!(word(&mut self.s, &token_to_string(tk)));
1465                 match *tk {
1466                     parse::token::DocComment(..) => {
1467                         hardbreak(&mut self.s)
1468                     }
1469                     _ => Ok(())
1470                 }
1471             }
1472             TokenTree::Delimited(_, ref delimed) => {
1473                 try!(word(&mut self.s, &token_to_string(&delimed.open_token())));
1474                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
1475                 try!(self.print_tts(&delimed.tts));
1476                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
1477                 word(&mut self.s, &token_to_string(&delimed.close_token()))
1478             },
1479             TokenTree::Sequence(_, ref seq) => {
1480                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "$("));
1481                 for tt_elt in &seq.tts {
1482                     try!(self.print_tt(tt_elt));
1483                 }
1484                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ")"));
1485                 match seq.separator {
1486                     Some(ref tk) => {
1487                         try!(word(&mut self.s, &token_to_string(tk)));
1488                     }
1489                     None => {},
1490                 }
1491                 match seq.op {
1492                     ast::KleeneOp::ZeroOrMore => word(&mut self.s, "*"),
1493                     ast::KleeneOp::OneOrMore => word(&mut self.s, "+"),
1494                 }
1495             }
1496         }
1497     }
1498
1499     pub fn print_tts(&mut self, tts: &[ast::TokenTree]) -> io::Result<()> {
1500         try!(self.ibox(0));
1501         let mut suppress_space = false;
1502         for (i, tt) in tts.iter().enumerate() {
1503             if i != 0 && !suppress_space {
1504                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
1505             }
1506             try!(self.print_tt(tt));
1507             // There should be no space between the module name and the following `::` in paths,
1508             // otherwise imported macros get re-parsed from crate metadata incorrectly (#20701)
1509             suppress_space = match *tt {
1510                 TokenTree::Token(_, token::Ident(_, token::ModName)) |
1511                 TokenTree::Token(_, token::MatchNt(_, _, _, token::ModName)) |
1512                 TokenTree::Token(_, token::SubstNt(_, token::ModName)) => true,
1513                 _ => false
1514             }
1515         }
1516         self.end()
1517     }
1518
1519     pub fn print_variant(&mut self, v: &ast::Variant) -> io::Result<()> {
1520         try!(self.head(""));
1521         let generics = ast::Generics::default();
1522         try!(self.print_struct(&v.node.data, &generics, v.node.name, v.span, false));
1523         match v.node.disr_expr {
1524             Some(ref d) => {
1525                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
1526                 try!(self.word_space("="));
1527                 self.print_expr(&d)
1528             }
1529             _ => Ok(())
1530         }
1531     }
1532
1533     pub fn print_method_sig(&mut self,
1534                             ident: ast::Ident,
1535                             m: &ast::MethodSig,
1536                             vis: ast::Visibility)
1537                             -> io::Result<()> {
1538         self.print_fn(&m.decl,
1539                       m.unsafety,
1540                       m.constness,
1541                       m.abi,
1542                       Some(ident),
1543                       &m.generics,
1544                       Some(&m.explicit_self.node),
1545                       vis)
1546     }
1547
1548     pub fn print_trait_item(&mut self, ti: &ast::TraitItem)
1549                             -> io::Result<()> {
1550         try!(self.ann.pre(self, NodeSubItem(ti.id)));
1551         try!(self.hardbreak_if_not_bol());
1552         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(ti.span.lo));
1553         try!(self.print_outer_attributes(&ti.attrs));
1554         match ti.node {
1555             ast::TraitItemKind::Const(ref ty, ref default) => {
1556                 try!(self.print_associated_const(ti.ident, &ty,
1557                                                  default.as_ref().map(|expr| &**expr),
1558                                                  ast::Visibility::Inherited));
1559             }
1560             ast::TraitItemKind::Method(ref sig, ref body) => {
1561                 if body.is_some() {
1562                     try!(self.head(""));
1563                 }
1564                 try!(self.print_method_sig(ti.ident, sig, ast::Visibility::Inherited));
1565                 if let Some(ref body) = *body {
1566                     try!(self.nbsp());
1567                     try!(self.print_block_with_attrs(body, &ti.attrs));
1568                 } else {
1569                     try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1570                 }
1571             }
1572             ast::TraitItemKind::Type(ref bounds, ref default) => {
1573                 try!(self.print_associated_type(ti.ident, Some(bounds),
1574                                                 default.as_ref().map(|ty| &**ty)));
1575             }
1576         }
1577         self.ann.post(self, NodeSubItem(ti.id))
1578     }
1579
1580     pub fn print_impl_item(&mut self, ii: &ast::ImplItem) -> io::Result<()> {
1581         try!(self.ann.pre(self, NodeSubItem(ii.id)));
1582         try!(self.hardbreak_if_not_bol());
1583         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(ii.span.lo));
1584         try!(self.print_outer_attributes(&ii.attrs));
1585         match ii.node {
1586             ast::ImplItemKind::Const(ref ty, ref expr) => {
1587                 try!(self.print_associated_const(ii.ident, &ty, Some(&expr), ii.vis));
1588             }
1589             ast::ImplItemKind::Method(ref sig, ref body) => {
1590                 try!(self.head(""));
1591                 try!(self.print_method_sig(ii.ident, sig, ii.vis));
1592                 try!(self.nbsp());
1593                 try!(self.print_block_with_attrs(body, &ii.attrs));
1594             }
1595             ast::ImplItemKind::Type(ref ty) => {
1596                 try!(self.print_associated_type(ii.ident, None, Some(ty)));
1597             }
1598             ast::ImplItemKind::Macro(codemap::Spanned { ref node, .. }) => {
1599                 // code copied from ItemKind::Mac:
1600                 try!(self.print_path(&node.path, false, 0));
1601                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "! "));
1602                 try!(self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT));
1603                 try!(self.popen());
1604                 try!(self.print_tts(&node.tts[..]));
1605                 try!(self.pclose());
1606                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1607                 try!(self.end())
1608             }
1609         }
1610         self.ann.post(self, NodeSubItem(ii.id))
1611     }
1612
1613     pub fn print_stmt(&mut self, st: &ast::Stmt) -> io::Result<()> {
1614         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(st.span.lo));
1615         match st.node {
1616             ast::StmtKind::Decl(ref decl, _) => {
1617                 try!(self.print_decl(&decl));
1618             }
1619             ast::StmtKind::Expr(ref expr, _) => {
1620                 try!(self.space_if_not_bol());
1621                 try!(self.print_expr_outer_attr_style(&expr, false));
1622             }
1623             ast::StmtKind::Semi(ref expr, _) => {
1624                 try!(self.space_if_not_bol());
1625                 try!(self.print_expr_outer_attr_style(&expr, false));
1626                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1627             }
1628             ast::StmtKind::Mac(ref mac, style, ref attrs) => {
1629                 try!(self.space_if_not_bol());
1630                 try!(self.print_outer_attributes(attrs.as_attr_slice()));
1631                 let delim = match style {
1632                     ast::MacStmtStyle::Braces => token::Brace,
1633                     _ => token::Paren
1634                 };
1635                 try!(self.print_mac(&mac, delim));
1636                 match style {
1637                     ast::MacStmtStyle::Braces => {}
1638                     _ => try!(word(&mut self.s, ";")),
1639                 }
1640             }
1641         }
1642         if parse::classify::stmt_ends_with_semi(&st.node) {
1643             try!(word(&mut self.s, ";"));
1644         }
1645         self.maybe_print_trailing_comment(st.span, None)
1646     }
1647
1648     pub fn print_block(&mut self, blk: &ast::Block) -> io::Result<()> {
1649         self.print_block_with_attrs(blk, &[])
1650     }
1651
1652     pub fn print_block_unclosed(&mut self, blk: &ast::Block) -> io::Result<()> {
1653         self.print_block_unclosed_indent(blk, INDENT_UNIT)
1654     }
1655
1656     pub fn print_block_unclosed_with_attrs(&mut self, blk: &ast::Block,
1657                                             attrs: &[ast::Attribute])
1658                                            -> io::Result<()> {
1659         self.print_block_maybe_unclosed(blk, INDENT_UNIT, attrs, false)
1660     }
1661
1662     pub fn print_block_unclosed_indent(&mut self, blk: &ast::Block,
1663                                        indented: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
1664         self.print_block_maybe_unclosed(blk, indented, &[], false)
1665     }
1666
1667     pub fn print_block_with_attrs(&mut self,
1668                                   blk: &ast::Block,
1669                                   attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
1670         self.print_block_maybe_unclosed(blk, INDENT_UNIT, attrs, true)
1671     }
1672
1673     pub fn print_block_maybe_unclosed(&mut self,
1674                                       blk: &ast::Block,
1675                                       indented: usize,
1676                                       attrs: &[ast::Attribute],
1677                                       close_box: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
1678         match blk.rules {
1679             BlockCheckMode::Unsafe(..) => try!(self.word_space("unsafe")),
1680             BlockCheckMode::Default => ()
1681         }
1682         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(blk.span.lo));
1683         try!(self.ann.pre(self, NodeBlock(blk)));
1684         try!(self.bopen());
1685
1686         try!(self.print_inner_attributes(attrs));
1687
1688         for st in &blk.stmts {
1689             try!(self.print_stmt(st));
1690         }
1691         match blk.expr {
1692             Some(ref expr) => {
1693                 try!(self.space_if_not_bol());
1694                 try!(self.print_expr_outer_attr_style(&expr, false));
1695                 try!(self.maybe_print_trailing_comment(expr.span, Some(blk.span.hi)));
1696             }
1697             _ => ()
1698         }
1699         try!(self.bclose_maybe_open(blk.span, indented, close_box));
1700         self.ann.post(self, NodeBlock(blk))
1701     }
1702
1703     fn print_else(&mut self, els: Option<&ast::Expr>) -> io::Result<()> {
1704         match els {
1705             Some(_else) => {
1706                 match _else.node {
1707                     // "another else-if"
1708                     ast::ExprKind::If(ref i, ref then, ref e) => {
1709                         try!(self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT - 1));
1710                         try!(self.ibox(0));
1711                         try!(word(&mut self.s, " else if "));
1712                         try!(self.print_expr(&i));
1713                         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1714                         try!(self.print_block(&then));
1715                         self.print_else(e.as_ref().map(|e| &**e))
1716                     }
1717                     // "another else-if-let"
1718                     ast::ExprKind::IfLet(ref pat, ref expr, ref then, ref e) => {
1719                         try!(self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT - 1));
1720                         try!(self.ibox(0));
1721                         try!(word(&mut self.s, " else if let "));
1722                         try!(self.print_pat(&pat));
1723                         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1724                         try!(self.word_space("="));
1725                         try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
1726                         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1727                         try!(self.print_block(&then));
1728                         self.print_else(e.as_ref().map(|e| &**e))
1729                     }
1730                     // "final else"
1731                     ast::ExprKind::Block(ref b) => {
1732                         try!(self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT - 1));
1733                         try!(self.ibox(0));
1734                         try!(word(&mut self.s, " else "));
1735                         self.print_block(&b)
1736                     }
1737                     // BLEAH, constraints would be great here
1738                     _ => {
1739                         panic!("print_if saw if with weird alternative");
1740                     }
1741                 }
1742             }
1743             _ => Ok(())
1744         }
1745     }
1746
1747     pub fn print_if(&mut self, test: &ast::Expr, blk: &ast::Block,
1748                     elseopt: Option<&ast::Expr>) -> io::Result<()> {
1749         try!(self.head("if"));
1750         try!(self.print_expr(test));
1751         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1752         try!(self.print_block(blk));
1753         self.print_else(elseopt)
1754     }
1755
1756     pub fn print_if_let(&mut self, pat: &ast::Pat, expr: &ast::Expr, blk: &ast::Block,
1757                         elseopt: Option<&ast::Expr>) -> io::Result<()> {
1758         try!(self.head("if let"));
1759         try!(self.print_pat(pat));
1760         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1761         try!(self.word_space("="));
1762         try!(self.print_expr(expr));
1763         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1764         try!(self.print_block(blk));
1765         self.print_else(elseopt)
1766     }
1767
1768     pub fn print_mac(&mut self, m: &ast::Mac, delim: token::DelimToken)
1769                      -> io::Result<()> {
1770         try!(self.print_path(&m.node.path, false, 0));
1771         try!(word(&mut self.s, "!"));
1772         match delim {
1773             token::Paren => try!(self.popen()),
1774             token::Bracket => try!(word(&mut self.s, "[")),
1775             token::Brace => {
1776                 try!(self.head(""));
1777                 try!(self.bopen());
1778             }
1779         }
1780         try!(self.print_tts(&m.node.tts));
1781         match delim {
1782             token::Paren => self.pclose(),
1783             token::Bracket => word(&mut self.s, "]"),
1784             token::Brace => self.bclose(m.span),
1785         }
1786     }
1787
1788
1789     fn print_call_post(&mut self, args: &[P<ast::Expr>]) -> io::Result<()> {
1790         try!(self.popen());
1791         try!(self.commasep_exprs(Inconsistent, args));
1792         self.pclose()
1793     }
1794
1795     pub fn check_expr_bin_needs_paren(&mut self, sub_expr: &ast::Expr,
1796                                       binop: ast::BinOp) -> bool {
1797         match sub_expr.node {
1798             ast::ExprKind::Binary(ref sub_op, _, _) => {
1799                 if AssocOp::from_ast_binop(sub_op.node).precedence() <
1800                     AssocOp::from_ast_binop(binop.node).precedence() {
1801                     true
1802                 } else {
1803                     false
1804                 }
1805             }
1806             _ => true
1807         }
1808     }
1809
1810     pub fn print_expr_maybe_paren(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
1811         let needs_par = needs_parentheses(expr);
1812         if needs_par {
1813             try!(self.popen());
1814         }
1815         try!(self.print_expr(expr));
1816         if needs_par {
1817             try!(self.pclose());
1818         }
1819         Ok(())
1820     }
1821
1822     fn print_expr_in_place(&mut self,
1823                            place: &ast::Expr,
1824                            expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
1825         try!(self.print_expr_maybe_paren(place));
1826         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1827         try!(self.word_space("<-"));
1828         self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr)
1829     }
1830
1831     fn print_expr_vec(&mut self, exprs: &[P<ast::Expr>],
1832                       attrs: &[Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
1833         try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
1834         try!(word(&mut self.s, "["));
1835         try!(self.print_inner_attributes_inline(attrs));
1836         try!(self.commasep_exprs(Inconsistent, &exprs[..]));
1837         try!(word(&mut self.s, "]"));
1838         self.end()
1839     }
1840
1841     fn print_expr_repeat(&mut self,
1842                          element: &ast::Expr,
1843                          count: &ast::Expr,
1844                          attrs: &[Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
1845         try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
1846         try!(word(&mut self.s, "["));
1847         try!(self.print_inner_attributes_inline(attrs));
1848         try!(self.print_expr(element));
1849         try!(self.word_space(";"));
1850         try!(self.print_expr(count));
1851         try!(word(&mut self.s, "]"));
1852         self.end()
1853     }
1854
1855     fn print_expr_struct(&mut self,
1856                          path: &ast::Path,
1857                          fields: &[ast::Field],
1858                          wth: &Option<P<ast::Expr>>,
1859                          attrs: &[Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
1860         try!(self.print_path(path, true, 0));
1861         try!(word(&mut self.s, "{"));
1862         try!(self.print_inner_attributes_inline(attrs));
1863         try!(self.commasep_cmnt(
1864             Consistent,
1865             &fields[..],
1866             |s, field| {
1867                 try!(s.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
1868                 try!(s.print_ident(field.ident.node));
1869                 try!(s.word_space(":"));
1870                 try!(s.print_expr(&field.expr));
1871                 s.end()
1872             },
1873             |f| f.span));
1874         match *wth {
1875             Some(ref expr) => {
1876                 try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
1877                 if !fields.is_empty() {
1878                     try!(word(&mut self.s, ","));
1879                     try!(space(&mut self.s));
1880                 }
1881                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ".."));
1882                 try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
1883                 try!(self.end());
1884             }
1885             _ => if !fields.is_empty() {
1886                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ","))
1887             }
1888         }
1889         try!(word(&mut self.s, "}"));
1890         Ok(())
1891     }
1892
1893     fn print_expr_tup(&mut self, exprs: &[P<ast::Expr>],
1894                       attrs: &[Attribute]) -> io::Result<()> {
1895         try!(self.popen());
1896         try!(self.print_inner_attributes_inline(attrs));
1897         try!(self.commasep_exprs(Inconsistent, &exprs[..]));
1898         if exprs.len() == 1 {
1899             try!(word(&mut self.s, ","));
1900         }
1901         self.pclose()
1902     }
1903
1904     fn print_expr_call(&mut self,
1905                        func: &ast::Expr,
1906                        args: &[P<ast::Expr>]) -> io::Result<()> {
1907         try!(self.print_expr_maybe_paren(func));
1908         self.print_call_post(args)
1909     }
1910
1911     fn print_expr_method_call(&mut self,
1912                               ident: ast::SpannedIdent,
1913                               tys: &[P<ast::Ty>],
1914                               args: &[P<ast::Expr>]) -> io::Result<()> {
1915         let base_args = &args[1..];
1916         try!(self.print_expr(&args[0]));
1917         try!(word(&mut self.s, "."));
1918         try!(self.print_ident(ident.node));
1919         if !tys.is_empty() {
1920             try!(word(&mut self.s, "::<"));
1921             try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent, tys,
1922                                |s, ty| s.print_type(&ty)));
1923             try!(word(&mut self.s, ">"));
1924         }
1925         self.print_call_post(base_args)
1926     }
1927
1928     fn print_expr_binary(&mut self,
1929                          op: ast::BinOp,
1930                          lhs: &ast::Expr,
1931                          rhs: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
1932         if self.check_expr_bin_needs_paren(lhs, op) {
1933             try!(self.print_expr_maybe_paren(lhs));
1934         } else {
1935             try!(self.print_expr(lhs));
1936         }
1937         try!(space(&mut self.s));
1938         try!(self.word_space(op.node.to_string()));
1939         if self.check_expr_bin_needs_paren(rhs, op) {
1940             self.print_expr_maybe_paren(rhs)
1941         } else {
1942             self.print_expr(rhs)
1943         }
1944     }
1945
1946     fn print_expr_unary(&mut self,
1947                         op: ast::UnOp,
1948                         expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
1949         try!(word(&mut self.s, ast::UnOp::to_string(op)));
1950         self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr)
1951     }
1952
1953     fn print_expr_addr_of(&mut self,
1954                           mutability: ast::Mutability,
1955                           expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
1956         try!(word(&mut self.s, "&"));
1957         try!(self.print_mutability(mutability));
1958         self.print_expr_maybe_paren(expr)
1959     }
1960
1961     pub fn print_expr(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
1962         self.print_expr_outer_attr_style(expr, true)
1963     }
1964
1965     fn print_expr_outer_attr_style(&mut self,
1966                                   expr: &ast::Expr,
1967                                   is_inline: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
1968         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(expr.span.lo));
1969
1970         let attrs = expr.attrs.as_attr_slice();
1971         if is_inline {
1972             try!(self.print_outer_attributes_inline(attrs));
1973         } else {
1974             try!(self.print_outer_attributes(attrs));
1975         }
1976
1977         try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
1978         try!(self.ann.pre(self, NodeExpr(expr)));
1979         match expr.node {
1980             ast::ExprKind::Box(ref expr) => {
1981                 try!(self.word_space("box"));
1982                 try!(self.print_expr(expr));
1983             }
1984             ast::ExprKind::InPlace(ref place, ref expr) => {
1985                 try!(self.print_expr_in_place(place, expr));
1986             }
1987             ast::ExprKind::Vec(ref exprs) => {
1988                 try!(self.print_expr_vec(&exprs[..], attrs));
1989             }
1990             ast::ExprKind::Repeat(ref element, ref count) => {
1991                 try!(self.print_expr_repeat(&element, &count, attrs));
1992             }
1993             ast::ExprKind::Struct(ref path, ref fields, ref wth) => {
1994                 try!(self.print_expr_struct(path, &fields[..], wth, attrs));
1995             }
1996             ast::ExprKind::Tup(ref exprs) => {
1997                 try!(self.print_expr_tup(&exprs[..], attrs));
1998             }
1999             ast::ExprKind::Call(ref func, ref args) => {
2000                 try!(self.print_expr_call(&func, &args[..]));
2001             }
2002             ast::ExprKind::MethodCall(ident, ref tys, ref args) => {
2003                 try!(self.print_expr_method_call(ident, &tys[..], &args[..]));
2004             }
2005             ast::ExprKind::Binary(op, ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
2006                 try!(self.print_expr_binary(op, &lhs, &rhs));
2007             }
2008             ast::ExprKind::Unary(op, ref expr) => {
2009                 try!(self.print_expr_unary(op, &expr));
2010             }
2011             ast::ExprKind::AddrOf(m, ref expr) => {
2012                 try!(self.print_expr_addr_of(m, &expr));
2013             }
2014             ast::ExprKind::Lit(ref lit) => {
2015                 try!(self.print_literal(&lit));
2016             }
2017             ast::ExprKind::Cast(ref expr, ref ty) => {
2018                 if let ast::ExprKind::Cast(..) = expr.node {
2019                     try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
2020                 } else {
2021                     try!(self.print_expr_maybe_paren(&expr));
2022                 }
2023                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2024                 try!(self.word_space("as"));
2025                 try!(self.print_type(&ty));
2026             }
2027             ast::ExprKind::Type(ref expr, ref ty) => {
2028                 try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
2029                 try!(self.word_space(":"));
2030                 try!(self.print_type(&ty));
2031             }
2032             ast::ExprKind::If(ref test, ref blk, ref elseopt) => {
2033                 try!(self.print_if(&test, &blk, elseopt.as_ref().map(|e| &**e)));
2034             }
2035             ast::ExprKind::IfLet(ref pat, ref expr, ref blk, ref elseopt) => {
2036                 try!(self.print_if_let(&pat, &expr, &blk, elseopt.as_ref().map(|e| &**e)));
2037             }
2038             ast::ExprKind::While(ref test, ref blk, opt_ident) => {
2039                 if let Some(ident) = opt_ident {
2040                     try!(self.print_ident(ident));
2041                     try!(self.word_space(":"));
2042                 }
2043                 try!(self.head("while"));
2044                 try!(self.print_expr(&test));
2045                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2046                 try!(self.print_block_with_attrs(&blk, attrs));
2047             }
2048             ast::ExprKind::WhileLet(ref pat, ref expr, ref blk, opt_ident) => {
2049                 if let Some(ident) = opt_ident {
2050                     try!(self.print_ident(ident));
2051                     try!(self.word_space(":"));
2052                 }
2053                 try!(self.head("while let"));
2054                 try!(self.print_pat(&pat));
2055                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2056                 try!(self.word_space("="));
2057                 try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
2058                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2059                 try!(self.print_block_with_attrs(&blk, attrs));
2060             }
2061             ast::ExprKind::ForLoop(ref pat, ref iter, ref blk, opt_ident) => {
2062                 if let Some(ident) = opt_ident {
2063                     try!(self.print_ident(ident));
2064                     try!(self.word_space(":"));
2065                 }
2066                 try!(self.head("for"));
2067                 try!(self.print_pat(&pat));
2068                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2069                 try!(self.word_space("in"));
2070                 try!(self.print_expr(&iter));
2071                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2072                 try!(self.print_block_with_attrs(&blk, attrs));
2073             }
2074             ast::ExprKind::Loop(ref blk, opt_ident) => {
2075                 if let Some(ident) = opt_ident {
2076                     try!(self.print_ident(ident));
2077                     try!(self.word_space(":"));
2078                 }
2079                 try!(self.head("loop"));
2080                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2081                 try!(self.print_block_with_attrs(&blk, attrs));
2082             }
2083             ast::ExprKind::Match(ref expr, ref arms) => {
2084                 try!(self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT));
2085                 try!(self.ibox(4));
2086                 try!(self.word_nbsp("match"));
2087                 try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
2088                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2089                 try!(self.bopen());
2090                 try!(self.print_inner_attributes_no_trailing_hardbreak(attrs));
2091                 for arm in arms {
2092                     try!(self.print_arm(arm));
2093                 }
2094                 try!(self.bclose_(expr.span, INDENT_UNIT));
2095             }
2096             ast::ExprKind::Closure(capture_clause, ref decl, ref body) => {
2097                 try!(self.print_capture_clause(capture_clause));
2098
2099                 try!(self.print_fn_block_args(&decl));
2100                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2101
2102                 let default_return = match decl.output {
2103                     ast::FunctionRetTy::Default(..) => true,
2104                     _ => false
2105                 };
2106
2107                 if !default_return || !body.stmts.is_empty() || body.expr.is_none() {
2108                     try!(self.print_block_unclosed(&body));
2109                 } else {
2110                     // we extract the block, so as not to create another set of boxes
2111                     let i_expr = body.expr.as_ref().unwrap();
2112                     match i_expr.node {
2113                         ast::ExprKind::Block(ref blk) => {
2114                             try!(self.print_block_unclosed_with_attrs(
2115                                 &blk,
2116                                 i_expr.attrs.as_attr_slice()));
2117                         }
2118                         _ => {
2119                             // this is a bare expression
2120                             try!(self.print_expr(&i_expr));
2121                             try!(self.end()); // need to close a box
2122                         }
2123                     }
2124                 }
2125                 // a box will be closed by print_expr, but we didn't want an overall
2126                 // wrapper so we closed the corresponding opening. so create an
2127                 // empty box to satisfy the close.
2128                 try!(self.ibox(0));
2129             }
2130             ast::ExprKind::Block(ref blk) => {
2131                 // containing cbox, will be closed by print-block at }
2132                 try!(self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT));
2133                 // head-box, will be closed by print-block after {
2134                 try!(self.ibox(0));
2135                 try!(self.print_block_with_attrs(&blk, attrs));
2136             }
2137             ast::ExprKind::Assign(ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
2138                 try!(self.print_expr(&lhs));
2139                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2140                 try!(self.word_space("="));
2141                 try!(self.print_expr(&rhs));
2142             }
2143             ast::ExprKind::AssignOp(op, ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
2144                 try!(self.print_expr(&lhs));
2145                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2146                 try!(word(&mut self.s, op.node.to_string()));
2147                 try!(self.word_space("="));
2148                 try!(self.print_expr(&rhs));
2149             }
2150             ast::ExprKind::Field(ref expr, id) => {
2151                 try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
2152                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "."));
2153                 try!(self.print_ident(id.node));
2154             }
2155             ast::ExprKind::TupField(ref expr, id) => {
2156                 try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
2157                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "."));
2158                 try!(self.print_usize(id.node));
2159             }
2160             ast::ExprKind::Index(ref expr, ref index) => {
2161                 try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
2162                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "["));
2163                 try!(self.print_expr(&index));
2164                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "]"));
2165             }
2166             ast::ExprKind::Range(ref start, ref end, limits) => {
2167                 if let &Some(ref e) = start {
2168                     try!(self.print_expr(&e));
2169                 }
2170                 if limits == ast::RangeLimits::HalfOpen {
2171                     try!(word(&mut self.s, ".."));
2172                 } else {
2173                     try!(word(&mut self.s, "..."));
2174                 }
2175                 if let &Some(ref e) = end {
2176                     try!(self.print_expr(&e));
2177                 }
2178             }
2179             ast::ExprKind::Path(None, ref path) => {
2180                 try!(self.print_path(path, true, 0))
2181             }
2182             ast::ExprKind::Path(Some(ref qself), ref path) => {
2183                 try!(self.print_qpath(path, qself, true))
2184             }
2185             ast::ExprKind::Break(opt_ident) => {
2186                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "break"));
2187                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2188                 if let Some(ident) = opt_ident {
2189                     try!(self.print_ident(ident.node));
2190                     try!(space(&mut self.s));
2191                 }
2192             }
2193             ast::ExprKind::Again(opt_ident) => {
2194                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "continue"));
2195                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2196                 if let Some(ident) = opt_ident {
2197                     try!(self.print_ident(ident.node));
2198                     try!(space(&mut self.s))
2199                 }
2200             }
2201             ast::ExprKind::Ret(ref result) => {
2202                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "return"));
2203                 match *result {
2204                     Some(ref expr) => {
2205                         try!(word(&mut self.s, " "));
2206                         try!(self.print_expr(&expr));
2207                     }
2208                     _ => ()
2209                 }
2210             }
2211             ast::ExprKind::InlineAsm(ref a) => {
2212                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "asm!"));
2213                 try!(self.popen());
2214                 try!(self.print_string(&a.asm, a.asm_str_style));
2215                 try!(self.word_space(":"));
2216
2217                 try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent, &a.outputs,
2218                                    |s, out| {
2219                     match out.constraint.slice_shift_char() {
2220                         Some(('=', operand)) if out.is_rw => {
2221                             try!(s.print_string(&format!("+{}", operand),
2222                                                 ast::StrStyle::Cooked))
2223                         }
2224                         _ => try!(s.print_string(&out.constraint, ast::StrStyle::Cooked))
2225                     }
2226                     try!(s.popen());
2227                     try!(s.print_expr(&out.expr));
2228                     try!(s.pclose());
2229                     Ok(())
2230                 }));
2231                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2232                 try!(self.word_space(":"));
2233
2234                 try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent, &a.inputs,
2235                                    |s, &(ref co, ref o)| {
2236                     try!(s.print_string(&co, ast::StrStyle::Cooked));
2237                     try!(s.popen());
2238                     try!(s.print_expr(&o));
2239                     try!(s.pclose());
2240                     Ok(())
2241                 }));
2242                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2243                 try!(self.word_space(":"));
2244
2245                 try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent, &a.clobbers,
2246                                    |s, co| {
2247                     try!(s.print_string(&co, ast::StrStyle::Cooked));
2248                     Ok(())
2249                 }));
2250
2251                 let mut options = vec!();
2252                 if a.volatile {
2253                     options.push("volatile");
2254                 }
2255                 if a.alignstack {
2256                     options.push("alignstack");
2257                 }
2258                 if a.dialect == ast::AsmDialect::Intel {
2259                     options.push("intel");
2260                 }
2261
2262                 if !options.is_empty() {
2263                     try!(space(&mut self.s));
2264                     try!(self.word_space(":"));
2265                     try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent, &options,
2266                                        |s, &co| {
2267                         try!(s.print_string(co, ast::StrStyle::Cooked));
2268                         Ok(())
2269                     }));
2270                 }
2271
2272                 try!(self.pclose());
2273             }
2274             ast::ExprKind::Mac(ref m) => try!(self.print_mac(m, token::Paren)),
2275             ast::ExprKind::Paren(ref e) => {
2276                 try!(self.popen());
2277                 try!(self.print_inner_attributes_inline(attrs));
2278                 try!(self.print_expr(&e));
2279                 try!(self.pclose());
2280             },
2281             ast::ExprKind::Try(ref e) => {
2282                 try!(self.print_expr(e));
2283                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "?"))
2284             }
2285         }
2286         try!(self.ann.post(self, NodeExpr(expr)));
2287         self.end()
2288     }
2289
2290     pub fn print_local_decl(&mut self, loc: &ast::Local) -> io::Result<()> {
2291         try!(self.print_pat(&loc.pat));
2292         if let Some(ref ty) = loc.ty {
2293             try!(self.word_space(":"));
2294             try!(self.print_type(&ty));
2295         }
2296         Ok(())
2297     }
2298
2299     pub fn print_decl(&mut self, decl: &ast::Decl) -> io::Result<()> {
2300         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(decl.span.lo));
2301         match decl.node {
2302             ast::DeclKind::Local(ref loc) => {
2303                 try!(self.print_outer_attributes(loc.attrs.as_attr_slice()));
2304                 try!(self.space_if_not_bol());
2305                 try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
2306                 try!(self.word_nbsp("let"));
2307
2308                 try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
2309                 try!(self.print_local_decl(&loc));
2310                 try!(self.end());
2311                 if let Some(ref init) = loc.init {
2312                     try!(self.nbsp());
2313                     try!(self.word_space("="));
2314                     try!(self.print_expr(&init));
2315                 }
2316                 self.end()
2317             }
2318             ast::DeclKind::Item(ref item) => self.print_item(&item)
2319         }
2320     }
2321
2322     pub fn print_ident(&mut self, ident: ast::Ident) -> io::Result<()> {
2323         try!(word(&mut self.s, &ident.name.as_str()));
2324         self.ann.post(self, NodeIdent(&ident))
2325     }
2326
2327     pub fn print_usize(&mut self, i: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
2328         word(&mut self.s, &i.to_string())
2329     }
2330
2331     pub fn print_name(&mut self, name: ast::Name) -> io::Result<()> {
2332         try!(word(&mut self.s, &name.as_str()));
2333         self.ann.post(self, NodeName(&name))
2334     }
2335
2336     pub fn print_for_decl(&mut self, loc: &ast::Local,
2337                           coll: &ast::Expr) -> io::Result<()> {
2338         try!(self.print_local_decl(loc));
2339         try!(space(&mut self.s));
2340         try!(self.word_space("in"));
2341         self.print_expr(coll)
2342     }
2343
2344     fn print_path(&mut self,
2345                   path: &ast::Path,
2346                   colons_before_params: bool,
2347                   depth: usize)
2348                   -> io::Result<()>
2349     {
2350         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(path.span.lo));
2351
2352         let mut first = !path.global;
2353         for segment in &path.segments[..path.segments.len()-depth] {
2354             if first {
2355                 first = false
2356             } else {
2357                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "::"))
2358             }
2359
2360             try!(self.print_ident(segment.identifier));
2361
2362             try!(self.print_path_parameters(&segment.parameters, colons_before_params));
2363         }
2364
2365         Ok(())
2366     }
2367
2368     fn print_qpath(&mut self,
2369                    path: &ast::Path,
2370                    qself: &ast::QSelf,
2371                    colons_before_params: bool)
2372                    -> io::Result<()>
2373     {
2374         try!(word(&mut self.s, "<"));
2375         try!(self.print_type(&qself.ty));
2376         if qself.position > 0 {
2377             try!(space(&mut self.s));
2378             try!(self.word_space("as"));
2379             let depth = path.segments.len() - qself.position;
2380             try!(self.print_path(&path, false, depth));
2381         }
2382         try!(word(&mut self.s, ">"));
2383         try!(word(&mut self.s, "::"));
2384         let item_segment = path.segments.last().unwrap();
2385         try!(self.print_ident(item_segment.identifier));
2386         self.print_path_parameters(&item_segment.parameters, colons_before_params)
2387     }
2388
2389     fn print_path_parameters(&mut self,
2390                              parameters: &ast::PathParameters,
2391                              colons_before_params: bool)
2392                              -> io::Result<()>
2393     {
2394         if parameters.is_empty() {
2395             return Ok(());
2396         }
2397
2398         if colons_before_params {
2399             try!(word(&mut self.s, "::"))
2400         }
2401
2402         match *parameters {
2403             ast::PathParameters::AngleBracketed(ref data) => {
2404                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "<"));
2405
2406                 let mut comma = false;
2407                 for lifetime in &data.lifetimes {
2408                     if comma {
2409                         try!(self.word_space(","))
2410                     }
2411                     try!(self.print_lifetime(lifetime));
2412                     comma = true;
2413                 }
2414
2415                 if !data.types.is_empty() {
2416                     if comma {
2417                         try!(self.word_space(","))
2418                     }
2419                     try!(self.commasep(
2420                         Inconsistent,
2421                         &data.types,
2422                         |s, ty| s.print_type(&ty)));
2423                         comma = true;
2424                 }
2425
2426                 for binding in data.bindings.iter() {
2427                     if comma {
2428                         try!(self.word_space(","))
2429                     }
2430                     try!(self.print_ident(binding.ident));
2431                     try!(space(&mut self.s));
2432                     try!(self.word_space("="));
2433                     try!(self.print_type(&binding.ty));
2434                     comma = true;
2435                 }
2436
2437                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ">"))
2438             }
2439
2440             ast::PathParameters::Parenthesized(ref data) => {
2441                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "("));
2442                 try!(self.commasep(
2443                     Inconsistent,
2444                     &data.inputs,
2445                     |s, ty| s.print_type(&ty)));
2446                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ")"));
2447
2448                 match data.output {
2449                     None => { }
2450                     Some(ref ty) => {
2451                         try!(self.space_if_not_bol());
2452                         try!(self.word_space("->"));
2453                         try!(self.print_type(&ty));
2454                     }
2455                 }
2456             }
2457         }
2458
2459         Ok(())
2460     }
2461
2462     pub fn print_pat(&mut self, pat: &ast::Pat) -> io::Result<()> {
2463         try!(self.maybe_print_comment(pat.span.lo));
2464         try!(self.ann.pre(self, NodePat(pat)));
2465         /* Pat isn't normalized, but the beauty of it
2466          is that it doesn't matter */
2467         match pat.node {
2468             PatKind::Wild => try!(word(&mut self.s, "_")),
2469             PatKind::Ident(binding_mode, ref path1, ref sub) => {
2470                 match binding_mode {
2471                     ast::BindingMode::ByRef(mutbl) => {
2472                         try!(self.word_nbsp("ref"));
2473                         try!(self.print_mutability(mutbl));
2474                     }
2475                     ast::BindingMode::ByValue(ast::Mutability::Immutable) => {}
2476                     ast::BindingMode::ByValue(ast::Mutability::Mutable) => {
2477                         try!(self.word_nbsp("mut"));
2478                     }
2479                 }
2480                 try!(self.print_ident(path1.node));
2481                 match *sub {
2482                     Some(ref p) => {
2483                         try!(word(&mut self.s, "@"));
2484                         try!(self.print_pat(&p));
2485                     }
2486                     None => ()
2487                 }
2488             }
2489             PatKind::TupleStruct(ref path, ref args_) => {
2490                 try!(self.print_path(path, true, 0));
2491                 match *args_ {
2492                     None => try!(word(&mut self.s, "(..)")),
2493                     Some(ref args) => {
2494                         try!(self.popen());
2495                         try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent, &args[..],
2496                                           |s, p| s.print_pat(&p)));
2497                         try!(self.pclose());
2498                     }
2499                 }
2500             }
2501             PatKind::Path(ref path) => {
2502                 try!(self.print_path(path, true, 0));
2503             }
2504             PatKind::QPath(ref qself, ref path) => {
2505                 try!(self.print_qpath(path, qself, false));
2506             }
2507             PatKind::Struct(ref path, ref fields, etc) => {
2508                 try!(self.print_path(path, true, 0));
2509                 try!(self.nbsp());
2510                 try!(self.word_space("{"));
2511                 try!(self.commasep_cmnt(
2512                     Consistent, &fields[..],
2513                     |s, f| {
2514                         try!(s.cbox(INDENT_UNIT));
2515                         if !f.node.is_shorthand {
2516                             try!(s.print_ident(f.node.ident));
2517                             try!(s.word_nbsp(":"));
2518                         }
2519                         try!(s.print_pat(&f.node.pat));
2520                         s.end()
2521                     },
2522                     |f| f.node.pat.span));
2523                 if etc {
2524                     if !fields.is_empty() { try!(self.word_space(",")); }
2525                     try!(word(&mut self.s, ".."));
2526                 }
2527                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2528                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "}"));
2529             }
2530             PatKind::Tup(ref elts) => {
2531                 try!(self.popen());
2532                 try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent,
2533                                    &elts[..],
2534                                    |s, p| s.print_pat(&p)));
2535                 if elts.len() == 1 {
2536                     try!(word(&mut self.s, ","));
2537                 }
2538                 try!(self.pclose());
2539             }
2540             PatKind::Box(ref inner) => {
2541                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "box "));
2542                 try!(self.print_pat(&inner));
2543             }
2544             PatKind::Ref(ref inner, mutbl) => {
2545                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "&"));
2546                 if mutbl == ast::Mutability::Mutable {
2547                     try!(word(&mut self.s, "mut "));
2548                 }
2549                 try!(self.print_pat(&inner));
2550             }
2551             PatKind::Lit(ref e) => try!(self.print_expr(&**e)),
2552             PatKind::Range(ref begin, ref end) => {
2553                 try!(self.print_expr(&begin));
2554                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2555                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "..."));
2556                 try!(self.print_expr(&end));
2557             }
2558             PatKind::Vec(ref before, ref slice, ref after) => {
2559                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "["));
2560                 try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent,
2561                                    &before[..],
2562                                    |s, p| s.print_pat(&p)));
2563                 if let Some(ref p) = *slice {
2564                     if !before.is_empty() { try!(self.word_space(",")); }
2565                     if p.node != PatKind::Wild {
2566                         try!(self.print_pat(&p));
2567                     }
2568                     try!(word(&mut self.s, ".."));
2569                     if !after.is_empty() { try!(self.word_space(",")); }
2570                 }
2571                 try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent,
2572                                    &after[..],
2573                                    |s, p| s.print_pat(&p)));
2574                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "]"));
2575             }
2576             PatKind::Mac(ref m) => try!(self.print_mac(m, token::Paren)),
2577         }
2578         self.ann.post(self, NodePat(pat))
2579     }
2580
2581     fn print_arm(&mut self, arm: &ast::Arm) -> io::Result<()> {
2582         // I have no idea why this check is necessary, but here it
2583         // is :(
2584         if arm.attrs.is_empty() {
2585             try!(space(&mut self.s));
2586         }
2587         try!(self.cbox(INDENT_UNIT));
2588         try!(self.ibox(0));
2589         try!(self.print_outer_attributes(&arm.attrs));
2590         let mut first = true;
2591         for p in &arm.pats {
2592             if first {
2593                 first = false;
2594             } else {
2595                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2596                 try!(self.word_space("|"));
2597             }
2598             try!(self.print_pat(&p));
2599         }
2600         try!(space(&mut self.s));
2601         if let Some(ref e) = arm.guard {
2602             try!(self.word_space("if"));
2603             try!(self.print_expr(&e));
2604             try!(space(&mut self.s));
2605         }
2606         try!(self.word_space("=>"));
2607
2608         match arm.body.node {
2609             ast::ExprKind::Block(ref blk) => {
2610                 // the block will close the pattern's ibox
2611                 try!(self.print_block_unclosed_indent(&blk, INDENT_UNIT));
2612
2613                 // If it is a user-provided unsafe block, print a comma after it
2614                 if let BlockCheckMode::Unsafe(ast::UserProvided) = blk.rules {
2615                     try!(word(&mut self.s, ","));
2616                 }
2617             }
2618             _ => {
2619                 try!(self.end()); // close the ibox for the pattern
2620                 try!(self.print_expr(&arm.body));
2621                 try!(word(&mut self.s, ","));
2622             }
2623         }
2624         self.end() // close enclosing cbox
2625     }
2626
2627     // Returns whether it printed anything
2628     fn print_explicit_self(&mut self,
2629                            explicit_self: &ast::SelfKind,
2630                            mutbl: ast::Mutability) -> io::Result<bool> {
2631         try!(self.print_mutability(mutbl));
2632         match *explicit_self {
2633             ast::SelfKind::Static => { return Ok(false); }
2634             ast::SelfKind::Value(_) => {
2635                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "self"));
2636             }
2637             ast::SelfKind::Region(ref lt, m, _) => {
2638                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "&"));
2639                 try!(self.print_opt_lifetime(lt));
2640                 try!(self.print_mutability(m));
2641                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "self"));
2642             }
2643             ast::SelfKind::Explicit(ref typ, _) => {
2644                 try!(word(&mut self.s, "self"));
2645                 try!(self.word_space(":"));
2646                 try!(self.print_type(&typ));
2647             }
2648         }
2649         return Ok(true);
2650     }
2651
2652     pub fn print_fn(&mut self,
2653                     decl: &ast::FnDecl,
2654                     unsafety: ast::Unsafety,
2655                     constness: ast::Constness,
2656                     abi: abi::Abi,
2657                     name: Option<ast::Ident>,
2658                     generics: &ast::Generics,
2659                     opt_explicit_self: Option<&ast::SelfKind>,
2660                     vis: ast::Visibility) -> io::Result<()> {
2661         try!(self.print_fn_header_info(unsafety, constness, abi, vis));
2662
2663         if let Some(name) = name {
2664             try!(self.nbsp());
2665             try!(self.print_ident(name));
2666         }
2667         try!(self.print_generics(generics));
2668         try!(self.print_fn_args_and_ret(decl, opt_explicit_self));
2669         self.print_where_clause(&generics.where_clause)
2670     }
2671
2672     pub fn print_fn_args(&mut self, decl: &ast::FnDecl,
2673                          opt_explicit_self: Option<&ast::SelfKind>,
2674                          is_closure: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
2675         // It is unfortunate to duplicate the commasep logic, but we want the
2676         // self type and the args all in the same box.
2677         try!(self.rbox(0, Inconsistent));
2678         let mut first = true;
2679         if let Some(explicit_self) = opt_explicit_self {
2680             let m = match *explicit_self {
2681                 ast::SelfKind::Static => ast::Mutability::Immutable,
2682                 _ => match decl.inputs[0].pat.node {
2683                     PatKind::Ident(ast::BindingMode::ByValue(m), _, _) => m,
2684                     _ => ast::Mutability::Immutable
2685                 }
2686             };
2687             first = !try!(self.print_explicit_self(explicit_self, m));
2688         }
2689
2690         // HACK(eddyb) ignore the separately printed self argument.
2691         let args = if first {
2692             &decl.inputs[..]
2693         } else {
2694             &decl.inputs[1..]
2695         };
2696
2697         for arg in args {
2698             if first { first = false; } else { try!(self.word_space(",")); }
2699             try!(self.print_arg(arg, is_closure));
2700         }
2701
2702         self.end()
2703     }
2704
2705     pub fn print_fn_args_and_ret(&mut self, decl: &ast::FnDecl,
2706                                  opt_explicit_self: Option<&ast::SelfKind>)
2707         -> io::Result<()> {
2708         try!(self.popen());
2709         try!(self.print_fn_args(decl, opt_explicit_self, false));
2710         if decl.variadic {
2711             try!(word(&mut self.s, ", ..."));
2712         }
2713         try!(self.pclose());
2714
2715         self.print_fn_output(decl)
2716     }
2717
2718     pub fn print_fn_block_args(
2719             &mut self,
2720             decl: &ast::FnDecl)
2721             -> io::Result<()> {
2722         try!(word(&mut self.s, "|"));
2723         try!(self.print_fn_args(decl, None, true));
2724         try!(word(&mut self.s, "|"));
2725
2726         if let ast::FunctionRetTy::Default(..) = decl.output {
2727             return Ok(());
2728         }
2729
2730         try!(self.space_if_not_bol());
2731         try!(self.word_space("->"));
2732         match decl.output {
2733             ast::FunctionRetTy::Ty(ref ty) => {
2734                 try!(self.print_type(&ty));
2735                 self.maybe_print_comment(ty.span.lo)
2736             }
2737             ast::FunctionRetTy::Default(..) => unreachable!(),
2738             ast::FunctionRetTy::None(span) => {
2739                 try!(self.word_nbsp("!"));
2740                 self.maybe_print_comment(span.lo)
2741             }
2742         }
2743     }
2744
2745     pub fn print_capture_clause(&mut self, capture_clause: ast::CaptureBy)
2746                                 -> io::Result<()> {
2747         match capture_clause {
2748             ast::CaptureBy::Value => self.word_space("move"),
2749             ast::CaptureBy::Ref => Ok(()),
2750         }
2751     }
2752
2753     pub fn print_bounds(&mut self,
2754                         prefix: &str,
2755                         bounds: &[ast::TyParamBound])
2756                         -> io::Result<()> {
2757         if !bounds.is_empty() {
2758             try!(word(&mut self.s, prefix));
2759             let mut first = true;
2760             for bound in bounds {
2761                 try!(self.nbsp());
2762                 if first {
2763                     first = false;
2764                 } else {
2765                     try!(self.word_space("+"));
2766                 }
2767
2768                 try!(match *bound {
2769                     TraitTyParamBound(ref tref, TraitBoundModifier::None) => {
2770                         self.print_poly_trait_ref(tref)
2771                     }
2772                     TraitTyParamBound(ref tref, TraitBoundModifier::Maybe) => {
2773                         try!(word(&mut self.s, "?"));
2774                         self.print_poly_trait_ref(tref)
2775                     }
2776                     RegionTyParamBound(ref lt) => {
2777                         self.print_lifetime(lt)
2778                     }
2779                 })
2780             }
2781             Ok(())
2782         } else {
2783             Ok(())
2784         }
2785     }
2786
2787     pub fn print_lifetime(&mut self,
2788                           lifetime: &ast::Lifetime)
2789                           -> io::Result<()>
2790     {
2791         self.print_name(lifetime.name)
2792     }
2793
2794     pub fn print_lifetime_def(&mut self,
2795                               lifetime: &ast::LifetimeDef)
2796                               -> io::Result<()>
2797     {
2798         try!(self.print_lifetime(&lifetime.lifetime));
2799         let mut sep = ":";
2800         for v in &lifetime.bounds {
2801             try!(word(&mut self.s, sep));
2802             try!(self.print_lifetime(v));
2803             sep = "+";
2804         }
2805         Ok(())
2806     }
2807
2808     pub fn print_generics(&mut self,
2809                           generics: &ast::Generics)
2810                           -> io::Result<()>
2811     {
2812         let total = generics.lifetimes.len() + generics.ty_params.len();
2813         if total == 0 {
2814             return Ok(());
2815         }
2816
2817         try!(word(&mut self.s, "<"));
2818
2819         let mut ints = Vec::new();
2820         for i in 0..total {
2821             ints.push(i);
2822         }
2823
2824         try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent, &ints[..], |s, &idx| {
2825             if idx < generics.lifetimes.len() {
2826                 let lifetime = &generics.lifetimes[idx];
2827                 s.print_lifetime_def(lifetime)
2828             } else {
2829                 let idx = idx - generics.lifetimes.len();
2830                 let param = &generics.ty_params[idx];
2831                 s.print_ty_param(param)
2832             }
2833         }));
2834
2835         try!(word(&mut self.s, ">"));
2836         Ok(())
2837     }
2838
2839     pub fn print_ty_param(&mut self, param: &ast::TyParam) -> io::Result<()> {
2840         try!(self.print_ident(param.ident));
2841         try!(self.print_bounds(":", &param.bounds));
2842         match param.default {
2843             Some(ref default) => {
2844                 try!(space(&mut self.s));
2845                 try!(self.word_space("="));
2846                 self.print_type(&default)
2847             }
2848             _ => Ok(())
2849         }
2850     }
2851
2852     pub fn print_where_clause(&mut self, where_clause: &ast::WhereClause)
2853                               -> io::Result<()> {
2854         if where_clause.predicates.is_empty() {
2855             return Ok(())
2856         }
2857
2858         try!(space(&mut self.s));
2859         try!(self.word_space("where"));
2860
2861         for (i, predicate) in where_clause.predicates.iter().enumerate() {
2862             if i != 0 {
2863                 try!(self.word_space(","));
2864             }
2865
2866             match *predicate {
2867                 ast::WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(ast::WhereBoundPredicate{ref bound_lifetimes,
2868                                                                              ref bounded_ty,
2869                                                                              ref bounds,
2870                                                                              ..}) => {
2871                     try!(self.print_formal_lifetime_list(bound_lifetimes));
2872                     try!(self.print_type(&bounded_ty));
2873                     try!(self.print_bounds(":", bounds));
2874                 }
2875                 ast::WherePredicate::RegionPredicate(ast::WhereRegionPredicate{ref lifetime,
2876                                                                                ref bounds,
2877                                                                                ..}) => {
2878                     try!(self.print_lifetime(lifetime));
2879                     try!(word(&mut self.s, ":"));
2880
2881                     for (i, bound) in bounds.iter().enumerate() {
2882                         try!(self.print_lifetime(bound));
2883
2884                         if i != 0 {
2885                             try!(word(&mut self.s, ":"));
2886                         }
2887                     }
2888                 }
2889                 ast::WherePredicate::EqPredicate(ast::WhereEqPredicate{ref path, ref ty, ..}) => {
2890                     try!(self.print_path(path, false, 0));
2891                     try!(space(&mut self.s));
2892                     try!(self.word_space("="));
2893                     try!(self.print_type(&ty));
2894                 }
2895             }
2896         }
2897
2898         Ok(())
2899     }
2900
2901     pub fn print_view_path(&mut self, vp: &ast::ViewPath) -> io::Result<()> {
2902         match vp.node {
2903             ast::ViewPathSimple(ident, ref path) => {
2904                 try!(self.print_path(path, false, 0));
2905
2906                 if path.segments.last().unwrap().identifier.name !=
2907                         ident.name {
2908                     try!(space(&mut self.s));
2909                     try!(self.word_space("as"));
2910                     try!(self.print_ident(ident));
2911                 }
2912
2913                 Ok(())
2914             }
2915
2916             ast::ViewPathGlob(ref path) => {
2917                 try!(self.print_path(path, false, 0));
2918                 word(&mut self.s, "::*")
2919             }
2920
2921             ast::ViewPathList(ref path, ref idents) => {
2922                 if path.segments.is_empty() {
2923                     try!(word(&mut self.s, "{"));
2924                 } else {
2925                     try!(self.print_path(path, false, 0));
2926                     try!(word(&mut self.s, "::{"));
2927                 }
2928                 try!(self.commasep(Inconsistent, &idents[..], |s, w| {
2929                     match w.node {
2930                         ast::PathListItemKind::Ident { name, rename, .. } => {
2931                             try!(s.print_ident(name));
2932                             if let Some(ident) = rename {
2933                                 try!(space(&mut s.s));
2934                                 try!(s.word_space("as"));
2935                                 try!(s.print_ident(ident));
2936                             }
2937                             Ok(())
2938                         },
2939                         ast::PathListItemKind::Mod { rename, .. } => {
2940                             try!(word(&mut s.s, "self"));
2941                             if let Some(ident) = rename {
2942                                 try!(space(&mut s.s));
2943                                 try!(s.word_space("as"));
2944                                 try!(s.print_ident(ident));
2945                             }
2946                             Ok(())
2947                         }
2948                     }
2949                 }));
2950                 word(&mut self.s, "}")
2951             }
2952         }
2953     }
2954
2955     pub fn print_mutability(&mut self,
2956                             mutbl: ast::Mutability) -> io::Result<()> {
2957         match mutbl {
2958             ast::Mutability::Mutable => self.word_nbsp("mut"),
2959             ast::Mutability::Immutable => Ok(()),
2960         }
2961     }
2962
2963     pub fn print_mt(&mut self, mt: &ast::MutTy) -> io::Result<()> {
2964         try!(self.print_mutability(mt.mutbl));
2965         self.print_type(&mt.ty)
2966     }
2967
2968     pub fn print_arg(&mut self, input: &ast::Arg, is_closure: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
2969         try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
2970         match input.ty.node {
2971             ast::TyKind::Infer if is_closure => try!(self.print_pat(&input.pat)),
2972             _ => {
2973                 match input.pat.node {
2974                     PatKind::Ident(_, ref path1, _) if
2975                         path1.node.name ==
2976                             parse::token::special_idents::invalid.name => {
2977                         // Do nothing.
2978                     }
2979                     _ => {
2980                         try!(self.print_pat(&input.pat));
2981                         try!(word(&mut self.s, ":"));
2982                         try!(space(&mut self.s));
2983                     }
2984                 }
2985                 try!(self.print_type(&input.ty));
2986             }
2987         }
2988         self.end()
2989     }
2990
2991     pub fn print_fn_output(&mut self, decl: &ast::FnDecl) -> io::Result<()> {
2992         if let ast::FunctionRetTy::Default(..) = decl.output {
2993             return Ok(());
2994         }
2995
2996         try!(self.space_if_not_bol());
2997         try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
2998         try!(self.word_space("->"));
2999         match decl.output {
3000             ast::FunctionRetTy::None(_) =>
3001                 try!(self.word_nbsp("!")),
3002             ast::FunctionRetTy::Default(..) => unreachable!(),
3003             ast::FunctionRetTy::Ty(ref ty) =>
3004                 try!(self.print_type(&ty))
3005         }
3006         try!(self.end());
3007
3008         match decl.output {
3009             ast::FunctionRetTy::Ty(ref output) => self.maybe_print_comment(output.span.lo),
3010             _ => Ok(())
3011         }
3012     }
3013
3014     pub fn print_ty_fn(&mut self,
3015                        abi: abi::Abi,
3016                        unsafety: ast::Unsafety,
3017                        decl: &ast::FnDecl,
3018                        name: Option<ast::Ident>,
3019                        generics: &ast::Generics,
3020                        opt_explicit_self: Option<&ast::SelfKind>)
3021                        -> io::Result<()> {
3022         try!(self.ibox(INDENT_UNIT));
3023         if !generics.lifetimes.is_empty() || !generics.ty_params.is_empty() {
3024             try!(word(&mut self.s, "for"));
3025             try!(self.print_generics(generics));
3026         }
3027         let generics = ast::Generics {
3028             lifetimes: Vec::new(),
3029             ty_params: P::empty(),
3030             where_clause: ast::WhereClause {
3031                 id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
3032                 predicates: Vec::new(),
3033             },
3034         };
3035         try!(self.print_fn(decl,
3036                            unsafety,
3037                            ast::Constness::NotConst,
3038                            abi,
3039                            name,
3040                            &generics,
3041                            opt_explicit_self,
3042                            ast::Visibility::Inherited));
3043         self.end()
3044     }
3045
3046     pub fn maybe_print_trailing_comment(&mut self, span: codemap::Span,
3047                                         next_pos: Option<BytePos>)
3048         -> io::Result<()> {
3049         let cm = match self.cm {
3050             Some(cm) => cm,
3051             _ => return Ok(())
3052         };
3053         match self.next_comment() {
3054             Some(ref cmnt) => {
3055                 if (*cmnt).style != comments::Trailing { return Ok(()) }
3056                 let span_line = cm.lookup_char_pos(span.hi);
3057                 let comment_line = cm.lookup_char_pos((*cmnt).pos);
3058                 let mut next = (*cmnt).pos + BytePos(1);
3059                 match next_pos { None => (), Some(p) => next = p }
3060                 if span.hi < (*cmnt).pos && (*cmnt).pos < next &&
3061                     span_line.line == comment_line.line {
3062                         try!(self.print_comment(cmnt));
3063                         self.cur_cmnt_and_lit.cur_cmnt += 1;
3064                     }
3065             }
3066             _ => ()
3067         }
3068         Ok(())
3069     }
3070
3071     pub fn print_remaining_comments(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
3072         // If there aren't any remaining comments, then we need to manually
3073         // make sure there is a line break at the end.
3074         if self.next_comment().is_none() {
3075             try!(hardbreak(&mut self.s));
3076         }
3077         loop {
3078             match self.next_comment() {
3079                 Some(ref cmnt) => {
3080                     try!(self.print_comment(cmnt));
3081                     self.cur_cmnt_and_lit.cur_cmnt += 1;
3082                 }
3083                 _ => break
3084             }
3085         }
3086         Ok(())
3087     }
3088
3089     pub fn print_opt_abi_and_extern_if_nondefault(&mut self,
3090                                                   opt_abi: Option<Abi>)
3091         -> io::Result<()> {
3092         match opt_abi {
3093             Some(Abi::Rust) => Ok(()),
3094             Some(abi) => {
3095                 try!(self.word_nbsp("extern"));
3096                 self.word_nbsp(&abi.to_string())
3097             }
3098             None => Ok(())
3099         }
3100     }
3101
3102     pub fn print_extern_opt_abi(&mut self,
3103                                 opt_abi: Option<Abi>) -> io::Result<()> {
3104         match opt_abi {
3105             Some(abi) => {
3106                 try!(self.word_nbsp("extern"));
3107                 self.word_nbsp(&abi.to_string())
3108             }
3109             None => Ok(())
3110         }
3111     }
3112
3113     pub fn print_fn_header_info(&mut self,
3114                                 unsafety: ast::Unsafety,
3115                                 constness: ast::Constness,
3116                                 abi: Abi,
3117                                 vis: ast::Visibility) -> io::Result<()> {
3118         try!(word(&mut self.s, &visibility_qualified(vis, "")));
3119
3120         match constness {
3121             ast::Constness::NotConst => {}
3122             ast::Constness::Const => try!(self.word_nbsp("const"))
3123         }
3124
3125         try!(self.print_unsafety(unsafety));
3126
3127         if abi != Abi::Rust {
3128             try!(self.word_nbsp("extern"));
3129             try!(self.word_nbsp(&abi.to_string()));
3130         }
3131
3132         word(&mut self.s, "fn")
3133     }
3134
3135     pub fn print_unsafety(&mut self, s: ast::Unsafety) -> io::Result<()> {
3136         match s {
3137             ast::Unsafety::Normal => Ok(()),
3138             ast::Unsafety::Unsafe => self.word_nbsp("unsafe"),
3139         }
3140     }
3141 }
3142
3143 fn repeat(s: &str, n: usize) -> String { iter::repeat(s).take(n).collect() }
3144
3145 #[cfg(test)]
3146 mod tests {
3147     use super::*;
3148
3149     use ast;
3150     use codemap;
3151     use parse::token;
3152
3153     #[test]
3154     fn test_fun_to_string() {
3155         let abba_ident = token::str_to_ident("abba");
3156
3157         let decl = ast::FnDecl {
3158             inputs: Vec::new(),
3159             output: ast::FunctionRetTy::Default(codemap::DUMMY_SP),
3160             variadic: false
3161         };
3162         let generics = ast::Generics::default();
3163         assert_eq!(fun_to_string(&decl, ast::Unsafety::Normal,
3164                                  ast::Constness::NotConst,
3165                                  abba_ident,
3166                                  None, &generics),
3167                    "fn abba()");
3168     }
3169
3170     #[test]
3171     fn test_variant_to_string() {
3172         let ident = token::str_to_ident("principal_skinner");
3173
3174         let var = codemap::respan(codemap::DUMMY_SP, ast::Variant_ {
3175             name: ident,
3176             attrs: Vec::new(),
3177             // making this up as I go.... ?
3178             data: ast::VariantData::Unit(ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID),
3179             disr_expr: None,
3180         });
3181
3182         let varstr = variant_to_string(&var);
3183         assert_eq!(varstr, "principal_skinner");
3184     }
3185 }