1 // Copyright 2012-2014 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
2 // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
3 // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
5 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
6 // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
7 // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
8 // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
9 // except according to those terms.
11 //! Higher-level interfaces to libc::* functions and operating system services.
13 //! In general these take and return rust types, use rust idioms (enums, closures, vectors) rather
14 //! than C idioms, and do more extensive safety checks.
16 //! This module is not meant to only contain 1:1 mappings to libc entries; any os-interface code
17 //! that is reasonably useful and broadly applicable can go here. Including utility routines that
18 //! merely build on other os code.
20 //! We assume the general case is that users do not care, and do not want to be made to care, which
21 //! operating system they are on. While they may want to special case various special cases -- and
22 //! so we will not _hide_ the facts of which OS the user is on -- they should be given the
23 //! opportunity to write OS-ignorant code by default.
27 #![allow(missing_docs)]
28 #![allow(non_snake_case)]
29 #![allow(unused_imports)]
31 use self::MemoryMapKind::*;
32 use self::MapOption::*;
33 use self::MapError::*;
36 use error::{FromError, Error};
38 use io::{IoResult, IoError};
39 use iter::{Iterator, IteratorExt};
41 use libc::{c_void, c_int, c_char};
44 use ops::{Drop, FnOnce};
46 use option::Option::{Some, None};
47 use path::{Path, GenericPath, BytesContainer};
49 use sys::os as os_imp;
53 use result::Result::{Err, Ok};
54 use slice::{AsSlice, SliceExt};
55 use slice::CloneSliceExt;
56 use str::{Str, StrExt};
57 use string::{String, ToString};
58 use sync::atomic::{AtomicInt, INIT_ATOMIC_INT, SeqCst};
61 #[cfg(unix)] use c_str::ToCStr;
64 pub use sys::ext as unix;
66 pub use sys::ext as windows;
68 /// Get the number of cores available
69 pub fn num_cpus() -> uint {
71 return rust_get_num_cpus() as uint;
75 fn rust_get_num_cpus() -> libc::uintptr_t;
79 pub const TMPBUF_SZ : uint = 1000u;
81 /// Returns the current working directory as a `Path`.
85 /// Returns an `Err` if the current working directory value is invalid.
88 /// * Current directory does not exist.
89 /// * There are insufficient permissions to access the current directory.
90 /// * The internal buffer is not large enough to hold the path.
97 /// // We assume that we are in a valid directory.
98 /// let current_working_directory = os::getcwd().unwrap();
99 /// println!("The current directory is {}", current_working_directory.display());
101 pub fn getcwd() -> IoResult<Path> {
106 Accessing environment variables is not generally threadsafe.
107 Serialize access through a global lock.
109 fn with_env_lock<T, F>(f: F) -> T where
112 use sync::{StaticMutex, MUTEX_INIT};
114 static LOCK: StaticMutex = MUTEX_INIT;
116 let _guard = LOCK.lock();
120 /// Returns a vector of (variable, value) pairs, for all the environment
121 /// variables of the current process.
123 /// Invalid UTF-8 bytes are replaced with \uFFFD. See `String::from_utf8_lossy()`
131 /// // We will iterate through the references to the element returned by os::env();
132 /// for &(ref key, ref value) in os::env().iter() {
133 /// println!("'{}': '{}'", key, value );
136 pub fn env() -> Vec<(String,String)> {
137 env_as_bytes().into_iter().map(|(k,v)| {
138 let k = String::from_utf8_lossy(k.as_slice()).into_owned();
139 let v = String::from_utf8_lossy(v.as_slice()).into_owned();
144 /// Returns a vector of (variable, value) byte-vector pairs for all the
145 /// environment variables of the current process.
146 pub fn env_as_bytes() -> Vec<(Vec<u8>,Vec<u8>)> {
148 fn env_convert(input: Vec<Vec<u8>>) -> Vec<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> {
149 let mut pairs = Vec::new();
150 for p in input.iter() {
151 let mut it = p.splitn(1, |b| *b == b'=');
152 let key = it.next().unwrap().to_vec();
153 let default: &[u8] = &[];
154 let val = it.next().unwrap_or(default).to_vec();
155 pairs.push((key, val));
160 let unparsed_environ = sys::os::get_env_pairs();
161 env_convert(unparsed_environ)
167 /// Fetches the environment variable `n` from the current process, returning
168 /// None if the variable isn't set.
170 /// Any invalid UTF-8 bytes in the value are replaced by \uFFFD. See
171 /// `String::from_utf8_lossy()` for details.
175 /// Panics if `n` has any interior NULs.
182 /// let key = "HOME";
183 /// match os::getenv(key) {
184 /// Some(val) => println!("{}: {}", key, val),
185 /// None => println!("{} is not defined in the environment.", key)
188 pub fn getenv(n: &str) -> Option<String> {
189 getenv_as_bytes(n).map(|v| String::from_utf8_lossy(v.as_slice()).into_owned())
193 /// Fetches the environment variable `n` byte vector from the current process,
194 /// returning None if the variable isn't set.
198 /// Panics if `n` has any interior NULs.
199 pub fn getenv_as_bytes(n: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
204 let s = n.with_c_str(|buf| libc::getenv(buf));
208 Some(CString::new(s as *const libc::c_char, false).as_bytes_no_nul().to_vec())
215 /// Fetches the environment variable `n` from the current process, returning
216 /// None if the variable isn't set.
217 pub fn getenv(n: &str) -> Option<String> {
220 use sys::os::fill_utf16_buf_and_decode;
221 let mut n: Vec<u16> = n.utf16_units().collect();
223 fill_utf16_buf_and_decode(|buf, sz| {
224 libc::GetEnvironmentVariableW(n.as_ptr(), buf, sz)
231 /// Fetches the environment variable `n` byte vector from the current process,
232 /// returning None if the variable isn't set.
233 pub fn getenv_as_bytes(n: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
234 getenv(n).map(|s| s.into_bytes())
237 /// Sets the environment variable `n` to the value `v` for the currently running
246 /// os::setenv(key, "VALUE");
247 /// match os::getenv(key) {
248 /// Some(ref val) => println!("{}: {}", key, val),
249 /// None => println!("{} is not defined in the environment.", key)
252 pub fn setenv<T: BytesContainer>(n: &str, v: T) {
254 fn _setenv(n: &str, v: &[u8]) {
257 n.with_c_str(|nbuf| {
258 v.with_c_str(|vbuf| {
259 if libc::funcs::posix01::unistd::setenv(nbuf, vbuf, 1) != 0 {
260 panic!(IoError::last_error());
269 fn _setenv(n: &str, v: &[u8]) {
270 let mut n: Vec<u16> = n.utf16_units().collect();
272 let mut v: Vec<u16> = ::str::from_utf8(v).unwrap().utf16_units().collect();
277 if libc::SetEnvironmentVariableW(n.as_ptr(), v.as_ptr()) == 0 {
278 panic!(IoError::last_error());
284 _setenv(n, v.container_as_bytes())
287 /// Remove a variable from the environment entirely.
288 pub fn unsetenv(n: &str) {
290 fn _unsetenv(n: &str) {
293 n.with_c_str(|nbuf| {
294 if libc::funcs::posix01::unistd::unsetenv(nbuf) != 0 {
295 panic!(IoError::last_error());
303 fn _unsetenv(n: &str) {
304 let mut n: Vec<u16> = n.utf16_units().collect();
308 if libc::SetEnvironmentVariableW(n.as_ptr(), ptr::null()) == 0 {
309 panic!(IoError::last_error());
318 /// Parses input according to platform conventions for the `PATH`
319 /// environment variable.
325 /// let key = "PATH";
326 /// match os::getenv_as_bytes(key) {
328 /// for path in os::split_paths(paths).iter() {
329 /// println!("'{}'", path.display());
332 /// None => println!("{} is not defined in the environment.", key)
335 pub fn split_paths<T: BytesContainer>(unparsed: T) -> Vec<Path> {
336 sys::os::split_paths(unparsed.container_as_bytes())
339 /// Joins a collection of `Path`s appropriately for the `PATH`
340 /// environment variable.
342 /// Returns a `Vec<u8>` on success, since `Path`s are not utf-8
343 /// encoded on all platforms.
345 /// Returns an `Err` (containing an error message) if one of the input
346 /// `Path`s contains an invalid character for constructing the `PATH`
347 /// variable (a double quote on Windows or a colon on Unix).
353 /// use std::path::Path;
355 /// let key = "PATH";
356 /// let mut paths = os::getenv_as_bytes(key).map_or(Vec::new(), os::split_paths);
357 /// paths.push(Path::new("/home/xyz/bin"));
358 /// os::setenv(key, os::join_paths(paths.as_slice()).unwrap());
360 pub fn join_paths<T: BytesContainer>(paths: &[T]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, &'static str> {
361 sys::os::join_paths(paths)
364 /// A low-level OS in-memory pipe.
367 /// A file descriptor representing the reading end of the pipe. Data written
368 /// on the `out` file descriptor can be read from this file descriptor.
370 /// A file descriptor representing the write end of the pipe. Data written
371 /// to this file descriptor can be read from the `input` file descriptor.
375 /// Creates a new low-level OS in-memory pipe.
377 /// This function can fail to succeed if there are no more resources available
378 /// to allocate a pipe.
380 /// This function is also unsafe as there is no destructor associated with the
381 /// `Pipe` structure will return. If it is not arranged for the returned file
382 /// descriptors to be closed, the file descriptors will leak. For safe handling
383 /// of this scenario, use `std::io::PipeStream` instead.
384 pub unsafe fn pipe() -> IoResult<Pipe> {
385 let (reader, writer) = try!(sys::os::pipe());
387 reader: reader.unwrap(),
388 writer: writer.unwrap(),
392 /// Returns the proper dll filename for the given basename of a file
394 #[cfg(not(target_os="ios"))]
395 pub fn dll_filename(base: &str) -> String {
396 format!("{}{}{}", consts::DLL_PREFIX, base, consts::DLL_SUFFIX)
399 /// Optionally returns the filesystem path to the current executable which is
400 /// running but with the executable name.
407 /// match os::self_exe_name() {
408 /// Some(exe_path) => println!("Path of this executable is: {}", exe_path.display()),
409 /// None => println!("Unable to get the path of this executable!")
412 pub fn self_exe_name() -> Option<Path> {
413 sys::os::load_self().and_then(Path::new_opt)
416 /// Optionally returns the filesystem path to the current executable which is
419 /// Like self_exe_name() but without the binary's name.
426 /// match os::self_exe_path() {
427 /// Some(exe_path) => println!("Executable's Path is: {}", exe_path.display()),
428 /// None => println!("Impossible to fetch the path of this executable.")
431 pub fn self_exe_path() -> Option<Path> {
432 self_exe_name().map(|mut p| { p.pop(); p })
435 /// Optionally returns the path to the current user's home directory if known.
439 /// Returns the value of the 'HOME' environment variable if it is set
440 /// and not equal to the empty string.
444 /// Returns the value of the 'HOME' environment variable if it is
445 /// set and not equal to the empty string. Otherwise, returns the value of the
446 /// 'USERPROFILE' environment variable if it is set and not equal to the empty
454 /// match os::homedir() {
455 /// Some(ref p) => println!("{}", p.display()),
456 /// None => println!("Impossible to get your home dir!")
459 pub fn homedir() -> Option<Path> {
462 fn _homedir() -> Option<Path> {
468 fn _homedir() -> Option<Path> {
469 aux_homedir("HOME").or(aux_homedir("USERPROFILE"))
473 fn aux_homedir(home_name: &str) -> Option<Path> {
474 match getenv_as_bytes(home_name) {
476 if p.is_empty() { None } else { Path::new_opt(p) }
484 /// Returns the path to a temporary directory.
486 /// On Unix, returns the value of the 'TMPDIR' environment variable if it is
487 /// set, otherwise for non-Android it returns '/tmp'. If Android, since there
488 /// is no global temporary folder (it is usually allocated per-app), we return
489 /// '/data/local/tmp'.
491 /// On Windows, returns the value of, in order, the 'TMP', 'TEMP',
492 /// 'USERPROFILE' environment variable if any are set and not the empty
493 /// string. Otherwise, tmpdir returns the path to the Windows directory.
494 pub fn tmpdir() -> Path {
497 fn getenv_nonempty(v: &str) -> Option<Path> {
510 fn lookup() -> Path {
511 let default = if cfg!(target_os = "android") {
512 Path::new("/data/local/tmp")
517 getenv_nonempty("TMPDIR").unwrap_or(default)
521 fn lookup() -> Path {
522 getenv_nonempty("TMP").or(
523 getenv_nonempty("TEMP").or(
524 getenv_nonempty("USERPROFILE").or(
525 getenv_nonempty("WINDIR")))).unwrap_or(Path::new("C:\\Windows"))
529 /// Convert a relative path to an absolute path
531 /// If the given path is relative, return it prepended with the current working
532 /// directory. If the given path is already an absolute path, return it
538 /// use std::path::Path;
540 /// // Assume we're in a path like /home/someuser
541 /// let rel_path = Path::new("..");
542 /// let abs_path = os::make_absolute(&rel_path).unwrap();
543 /// println!("The absolute path is {}", abs_path.display());
544 /// // Prints "The absolute path is /home"
546 // NB: this is here rather than in path because it is a form of environment
547 // querying; what it does depends on the process working directory, not just
549 pub fn make_absolute(p: &Path) -> IoResult<Path> {
553 getcwd().map(|mut cwd| {
560 /// Changes the current working directory to the specified path, returning
561 /// whether the change was completed successfully or not.
566 /// use std::path::Path;
568 /// let root = Path::new("/");
569 /// assert!(os::change_dir(&root).is_ok());
570 /// println!("Successfully changed working directory to {}!", root.display());
572 pub fn change_dir(p: &Path) -> IoResult<()> {
573 return sys::os::chdir(p);
576 /// Returns the platform-specific value of errno
577 pub fn errno() -> uint {
578 sys::os::errno() as uint
581 /// Return the string corresponding to an `errno()` value of `errnum`.
587 /// // Same as println!("{}", last_os_error());
588 /// println!("{}", os::error_string(os::errno() as uint));
590 pub fn error_string(errnum: uint) -> String {
591 return sys::os::error_string(errnum as i32);
594 /// Get a string representing the platform-dependent last error
595 pub fn last_os_error() -> String {
596 error_string(errno() as uint)
599 static EXIT_STATUS: AtomicInt = INIT_ATOMIC_INT;
601 /// Sets the process exit code
603 /// Sets the exit code returned by the process if all supervised tasks
604 /// terminate successfully (without panicking). If the current root task panics
605 /// and is supervised by the scheduler then any user-specified exit status is
606 /// ignored and the process exits with the default panic status.
608 /// Note that this is not synchronized against modifications of other threads.
609 pub fn set_exit_status(code: int) {
610 EXIT_STATUS.store(code, SeqCst)
613 /// Fetches the process's current exit code. This defaults to 0 and can change
614 /// by calling `set_exit_status`.
615 pub fn get_exit_status() -> int {
616 EXIT_STATUS.load(SeqCst)
619 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
620 unsafe fn load_argc_and_argv(argc: int,
621 argv: *const *const c_char) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
624 Vec::from_fn(argc as uint, |i| {
625 CString::new(*argv.offset(i as int), false).as_bytes_no_nul().to_vec()
629 /// Returns the command line arguments
631 /// Returns a list of the command line arguments.
632 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
633 fn real_args_as_bytes() -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
635 let (argc, argv) = (*_NSGetArgc() as int,
636 *_NSGetArgv() as *const *const c_char);
637 load_argc_and_argv(argc, argv)
641 // As _NSGetArgc and _NSGetArgv aren't mentioned in iOS docs
642 // and use underscores in their names - they're most probably
643 // are considered private and therefore should be avoided
644 // Here is another way to get arguments using Objective C
647 // In general it looks like:
649 // let args = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] arguments]
650 // for i in range(0, [args count])
651 // res.push([args objectAtIndex:i])
653 #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
654 fn real_args_as_bytes() -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
659 #[link(name = "objc")]
661 fn sel_registerName(name: *const libc::c_uchar) -> Sel;
662 fn objc_msgSend(obj: NsId, sel: Sel, ...) -> NsId;
663 fn objc_getClass(class_name: *const libc::c_uchar) -> NsId;
666 #[link(name = "Foundation", kind = "framework")]
669 type Sel = *const libc::c_void;
670 type NsId = *const libc::c_void;
672 let mut res = Vec::new();
675 let processInfoSel = sel_registerName("processInfo\0".as_ptr());
676 let argumentsSel = sel_registerName("arguments\0".as_ptr());
677 let utf8Sel = sel_registerName("UTF8String\0".as_ptr());
678 let countSel = sel_registerName("count\0".as_ptr());
679 let objectAtSel = sel_registerName("objectAtIndex:\0".as_ptr());
681 let klass = objc_getClass("NSProcessInfo\0".as_ptr());
682 let info = objc_msgSend(klass, processInfoSel);
683 let args = objc_msgSend(info, argumentsSel);
685 let cnt: int = mem::transmute(objc_msgSend(args, countSel));
686 for i in range(0, cnt) {
687 let tmp = objc_msgSend(args, objectAtSel, i);
688 let utf_c_str: *const libc::c_char =
689 mem::transmute(objc_msgSend(tmp, utf8Sel));
690 let s = CString::new(utf_c_str, false);
691 res.push(s.as_bytes_no_nul().to_vec())
698 #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux",
699 target_os = "android",
700 target_os = "freebsd",
701 target_os = "dragonfly"))]
702 fn real_args_as_bytes() -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
704 rt::args::clone().unwrap_or_else(|| vec![])
708 fn real_args() -> Vec<String> {
709 real_args_as_bytes().into_iter()
711 String::from_utf8_lossy(v.as_slice()).into_owned()
716 fn real_args() -> Vec<String> {
719 let mut nArgs: c_int = 0;
720 let lpArgCount: *mut c_int = &mut nArgs;
721 let lpCmdLine = unsafe { GetCommandLineW() };
722 let szArgList = unsafe { CommandLineToArgvW(lpCmdLine, lpArgCount) };
724 let args = Vec::from_fn(nArgs as uint, |i| unsafe {
725 // Determine the length of this argument.
726 let ptr = *szArgList.offset(i as int);
728 while *ptr.offset(len as int) != 0 { len += 1; }
730 // Push it onto the list.
731 let ptr = ptr as *const u16;
732 let buf = slice::from_raw_buf(&ptr, len);
733 let opt_s = String::from_utf16(sys::os::truncate_utf16_at_nul(buf));
734 opt_s.expect("CommandLineToArgvW returned invalid UTF-16")
738 LocalFree(szArgList as *mut c_void);
745 fn real_args_as_bytes() -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
746 real_args().into_iter().map(|s| s.into_bytes()).collect()
749 type LPCWSTR = *const u16;
752 #[link_name="kernel32"]
754 fn GetCommandLineW() -> LPCWSTR;
755 fn LocalFree(ptr: *mut c_void);
759 #[link_name="shell32"]
761 fn CommandLineToArgvW(lpCmdLine: LPCWSTR,
762 pNumArgs: *mut c_int) -> *mut *mut u16;
765 /// Returns the arguments which this program was started with (normally passed
766 /// via the command line).
768 /// The first element is traditionally the path to the executable, but it can be
769 /// set to arbitrary text, and it may not even exist, so this property should not
770 /// be relied upon for security purposes.
772 /// The arguments are interpreted as utf-8, with invalid bytes replaced with \uFFFD.
773 /// See `String::from_utf8_lossy` for details.
779 /// // Prints each argument on a separate line
780 /// for argument in os::args().iter() {
781 /// println!("{}", argument);
784 pub fn args() -> Vec<String> {
788 /// Returns the arguments which this program was started with (normally passed
789 /// via the command line) as byte vectors.
790 pub fn args_as_bytes() -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
794 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
796 // These functions are in crt_externs.h.
797 pub fn _NSGetArgc() -> *mut c_int;
798 pub fn _NSGetArgv() -> *mut *mut *mut c_char;
801 /// Returns the page size of the current architecture in bytes.
802 pub fn page_size() -> uint {
806 /// A memory mapped file or chunk of memory. This is a very system-specific
807 /// interface to the OS's memory mapping facilities (`mmap` on POSIX,
808 /// `VirtualAlloc`/`CreateFileMapping` on Windows). It makes no attempt at
809 /// abstracting platform differences, besides in error values returned. Consider
812 /// The memory map is released (unmapped) when the destructor is run, so don't
813 /// let it leave scope by accident if you want it to stick around.
814 #[allow(missing_copy_implementations)]
815 pub struct MemoryMap {
821 /// Type of memory map
822 pub enum MemoryMapKind {
823 /// Virtual memory map. Usually used to change the permissions of a given
824 /// chunk of memory. Corresponds to `VirtualAlloc` on Windows.
826 /// Virtual memory map. Usually used to change the permissions of a given
827 /// chunk of memory, or for allocation. Corresponds to `VirtualAlloc` on
832 impl Copy for MemoryMapKind {}
834 /// Options the memory map is created with
836 /// The memory should be readable
838 /// The memory should be writable
840 /// The memory should be executable
842 /// Create a map for a specific address range. Corresponds to `MAP_FIXED` on
845 /// Create a memory mapping for a file with a given HANDLE.
848 /// Create a memory mapping for a file with a given fd.
851 /// When using `MapFd`, the start of the map is `uint` bytes from the start
854 /// On POSIX, this can be used to specify the default flags passed to
855 /// `mmap`. By default it uses `MAP_PRIVATE` and, if not using `MapFd`,
856 /// `MAP_ANON`. This will override both of those. This is platform-specific
857 /// (the exact values used) and ignored on Windows.
858 MapNonStandardFlags(c_int),
861 impl Copy for MapOption {}
863 /// Possible errors when creating a map.
866 /// # The following are POSIX-specific
868 /// fd was not open for reading or, if using `MapWritable`, was not open for
873 /// Either the address given by `MapAddr` or offset given by `MapOffset` was
874 /// not a multiple of `MemoryMap::granularity` (unaligned to page size).
876 /// With `MapFd`, the fd does not support mapping.
878 /// If using `MapAddr`, the address + `min_len` was outside of the process's
879 /// address space. If using `MapFd`, the target of the fd didn't have enough
880 /// resources to fulfill the request.
882 /// A zero-length map was requested. This is invalid according to
883 /// [POSIX](http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/mmap.html).
884 /// Not all platforms obey this, but this wrapper does.
886 /// Unrecognized error. The inner value is the unrecognized errno.
888 /// # The following are Windows-specific
890 /// Unsupported combination of protection flags
891 /// (`MapReadable`/`MapWritable`/`MapExecutable`).
893 /// When using `MapFd`, `MapOffset` was given (Windows does not support this
896 /// When using `MapFd`, there was already a mapping to the file.
898 /// Unrecognized error from `VirtualAlloc`. The inner value is the return
899 /// value of GetLastError.
900 ErrVirtualAlloc(uint),
901 /// Unrecognized error from `CreateFileMapping`. The inner value is the
902 /// return value of `GetLastError`.
903 ErrCreateFileMappingW(uint),
904 /// Unrecognized error from `MapViewOfFile`. The inner value is the return
905 /// value of `GetLastError`.
906 ErrMapViewOfFile(uint)
909 impl fmt::Show for MapError {
910 fn fmt(&self, out: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
911 let str = match *self {
912 ErrFdNotAvail => "fd not available for reading or writing",
913 ErrInvalidFd => "Invalid fd",
915 "Unaligned address, invalid flags, negative length or \
918 ErrNoMapSupport=> "File doesn't support mapping",
919 ErrNoMem => "Invalid address, or not enough available memory",
920 ErrUnsupProt => "Protection mode unsupported",
921 ErrUnsupOffset => "Offset in virtual memory mode is unsupported",
922 ErrAlreadyExists => "File mapping for specified file already exists",
923 ErrZeroLength => "Zero-length mapping not allowed",
924 ErrUnknown(code) => {
925 return write!(out, "Unknown error = {}", code)
927 ErrVirtualAlloc(code) => {
928 return write!(out, "VirtualAlloc failure = {}", code)
930 ErrCreateFileMappingW(code) => {
931 return write!(out, "CreateFileMappingW failure = {}", code)
933 ErrMapViewOfFile(code) => {
934 return write!(out, "MapViewOfFile failure = {}", code)
937 write!(out, "{}", str)
941 impl Error for MapError {
942 fn description(&self) -> &str { "memory map error" }
943 fn detail(&self) -> Option<String> { Some(self.to_string()) }
946 impl FromError<MapError> for Box<Error> {
947 fn from_error(err: MapError) -> Box<Error> {
952 // Round up `from` to be divisible by `to`
953 fn round_up(from: uint, to: uint) -> uint {
954 let r = if from % to == 0 {
957 from + to - (from % to)
968 /// Create a new mapping with the given `options`, at least `min_len` bytes
969 /// long. `min_len` must be greater than zero; see the note on
971 pub fn new(min_len: uint, options: &[MapOption]) -> Result<MemoryMap, MapError> {
975 return Err(ErrZeroLength)
977 let mut addr: *const u8 = ptr::null();
979 let mut flags = libc::MAP_PRIVATE;
982 let mut custom_flags = false;
983 let len = round_up(min_len, page_size());
985 for &o in options.iter() {
987 MapReadable => { prot |= libc::PROT_READ; },
988 MapWritable => { prot |= libc::PROT_WRITE; },
989 MapExecutable => { prot |= libc::PROT_EXEC; },
991 flags |= libc::MAP_FIXED;
995 flags |= libc::MAP_FILE;
998 MapOffset(offset_) => { offset = offset_ as off_t; },
999 MapNonStandardFlags(f) => { custom_flags = true; flags = f },
1002 if fd == -1 && !custom_flags { flags |= libc::MAP_ANON; }
1005 libc::mmap(addr as *mut c_void, len as libc::size_t, prot, flags,
1008 if r == libc::MAP_FAILED {
1009 Err(match errno() as c_int {
1010 libc::EACCES => ErrFdNotAvail,
1011 libc::EBADF => ErrInvalidFd,
1012 libc::EINVAL => ErrUnaligned,
1013 libc::ENODEV => ErrNoMapSupport,
1014 libc::ENOMEM => ErrNoMem,
1015 code => ErrUnknown(code as int)
1024 MapFile(ptr::null())
1030 /// Granularity that the offset or address must be for `MapOffset` and
1031 /// `MapAddr` respectively.
1032 pub fn granularity() -> uint {
1038 impl Drop for MemoryMap {
1039 /// Unmap the mapping. Panics the task if `munmap` panics.
1040 fn drop(&mut self) {
1041 if self.len == 0 { /* workaround for dummy_stack */ return; }
1044 // `munmap` only panics due to logic errors
1045 libc::munmap(self.data as *mut c_void, self.len as libc::size_t);
1052 /// Create a new mapping with the given `options`, at least `min_len` bytes long.
1053 pub fn new(min_len: uint, options: &[MapOption]) -> Result<MemoryMap, MapError> {
1054 use libc::types::os::arch::extra::{LPVOID, DWORD, SIZE_T, HANDLE};
1056 let mut lpAddress: LPVOID = ptr::null_mut();
1057 let mut readable = false;
1058 let mut writable = false;
1059 let mut executable = false;
1060 let mut handle: HANDLE = libc::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
1061 let mut offset: uint = 0;
1062 let len = round_up(min_len, page_size());
1064 for &o in options.iter() {
1066 MapReadable => { readable = true; },
1067 MapWritable => { writable = true; },
1068 MapExecutable => { executable = true; }
1069 MapAddr(addr_) => { lpAddress = addr_ as LPVOID; },
1070 MapFd(handle_) => { handle = handle_; },
1071 MapOffset(offset_) => { offset = offset_; },
1072 MapNonStandardFlags(..) => {}
1076 let flProtect = match (executable, readable, writable) {
1077 (false, false, false) if handle == libc::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE => libc::PAGE_NOACCESS,
1078 (false, true, false) => libc::PAGE_READONLY,
1079 (false, true, true) => libc::PAGE_READWRITE,
1080 (true, false, false) if handle == libc::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE => libc::PAGE_EXECUTE,
1081 (true, true, false) => libc::PAGE_EXECUTE_READ,
1082 (true, true, true) => libc::PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
1083 _ => return Err(ErrUnsupProt)
1086 if handle == libc::INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE {
1088 return Err(ErrUnsupOffset);
1091 libc::VirtualAlloc(lpAddress,
1093 libc::MEM_COMMIT | libc::MEM_RESERVE,
1097 0 => Err(ErrVirtualAlloc(errno())),
1105 let dwDesiredAccess = match (executable, readable, writable) {
1106 (false, true, false) => libc::FILE_MAP_READ,
1107 (false, true, true) => libc::FILE_MAP_WRITE,
1108 (true, true, false) => libc::FILE_MAP_READ | libc::FILE_MAP_EXECUTE,
1109 (true, true, true) => libc::FILE_MAP_WRITE | libc::FILE_MAP_EXECUTE,
1110 _ => return Err(ErrUnsupProt) // Actually, because of the check above,
1111 // we should never get here.
1115 let mapping = libc::CreateFileMappingW(hFile,
1121 if mapping == ptr::null_mut() {
1122 return Err(ErrCreateFileMappingW(errno()));
1124 if errno() as c_int == libc::ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS {
1125 return Err(ErrAlreadyExists);
1127 let r = libc::MapViewOfFile(mapping,
1129 ((len as u64) >> 32) as DWORD,
1130 (offset & 0xffff_ffff) as DWORD,
1133 0 => Err(ErrMapViewOfFile(errno())),
1137 kind: MapFile(mapping as *const u8)
1144 /// Granularity of MapAddr() and MapOffset() parameter values.
1145 /// This may be greater than the value returned by page_size().
1146 pub fn granularity() -> uint {
1149 let mut info = mem::zeroed();
1150 libc::GetSystemInfo(&mut info);
1152 return info.dwAllocationGranularity as uint;
1158 impl Drop for MemoryMap {
1159 /// Unmap the mapping. Panics the task if any of `VirtualFree`,
1160 /// `UnmapViewOfFile`, or `CloseHandle` fail.
1161 fn drop(&mut self) {
1162 use libc::types::os::arch::extra::{LPCVOID, HANDLE};
1163 use libc::consts::os::extra::FALSE;
1164 if self.len == 0 { return }
1169 if libc::VirtualFree(self.data as *mut c_void, 0,
1170 libc::MEM_RELEASE) == 0 {
1171 println!("VirtualFree failed: {}", errno());
1174 MapFile(mapping) => {
1175 if libc::UnmapViewOfFile(self.data as LPCVOID) == FALSE {
1176 println!("UnmapViewOfFile failed: {}", errno());
1178 if libc::CloseHandle(mapping as HANDLE) == FALSE {
1179 println!("CloseHandle failed: {}", errno());
1188 /// Returns the pointer to the memory created or modified by this map.
1189 pub fn data(&self) -> *mut u8 { self.data }
1190 /// Returns the number of bytes this map applies to.
1191 pub fn len(&self) -> uint { self.len }
1192 /// Returns the type of mapping this represents.
1193 pub fn kind(&self) -> MemoryMapKind { self.kind }
1196 #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
1198 pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH;
1200 pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix";
1202 /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this
1204 pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "linux";
1206 /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this
1207 /// platform: in this case, `lib`.
1208 pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "lib";
1210 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this
1211 /// platform: in this case, `.so`.
1212 pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".so";
1214 /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this
1215 /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `so`.
1216 pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "so";
1218 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this
1219 /// platform: in this case, the empty string.
1220 pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = "";
1222 /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries
1223 /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string.
1224 pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = "";
1227 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
1229 pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH;
1231 pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix";
1233 /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this
1235 pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "macos";
1237 /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this
1238 /// platform: in this case, `lib`.
1239 pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "lib";
1241 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this
1242 /// platform: in this case, `.dylib`.
1243 pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".dylib";
1245 /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this
1246 /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `dylib`.
1247 pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "dylib";
1249 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this
1250 /// platform: in this case, the empty string.
1251 pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = "";
1253 /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries
1254 /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string.
1255 pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = "";
1258 #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
1260 pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH;
1262 pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix";
1264 /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this
1266 pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "ios";
1268 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this
1269 /// platform: in this case, the empty string.
1270 pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = "";
1272 /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries
1273 /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string.
1274 pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = "";
1277 #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
1279 pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH;
1281 pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix";
1283 /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this
1284 /// case, `freebsd`.
1285 pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "freebsd";
1287 /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this
1288 /// platform: in this case, `lib`.
1289 pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "lib";
1291 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this
1292 /// platform: in this case, `.so`.
1293 pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".so";
1295 /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this
1296 /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `so`.
1297 pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "so";
1299 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this
1300 /// platform: in this case, the empty string.
1301 pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = "";
1303 /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries
1304 /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string.
1305 pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = "";
1308 #[cfg(target_os = "dragonfly")]
1310 pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH;
1312 pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix";
1314 /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this
1315 /// case, `dragonfly`.
1316 pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "dragonfly";
1318 /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this
1319 /// platform: in this case, `lib`.
1320 pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "lib";
1322 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this
1323 /// platform: in this case, `.so`.
1324 pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".so";
1326 /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this
1327 /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `so`.
1328 pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "so";
1330 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this
1331 /// platform: in this case, the empty string.
1332 pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = "";
1334 /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries
1335 /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string.
1336 pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = "";
1339 #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
1341 pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH;
1343 pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "unix";
1345 /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this
1346 /// case, `android`.
1347 pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "android";
1349 /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this
1350 /// platform: in this case, `lib`.
1351 pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "lib";
1353 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this
1354 /// platform: in this case, `.so`.
1355 pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".so";
1357 /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this
1358 /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `so`.
1359 pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "so";
1361 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this
1362 /// platform: in this case, the empty string.
1363 pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = "";
1365 /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries
1366 /// on this platform: in this case, the empty string.
1367 pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = "";
1370 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
1372 pub use os::arch_consts::ARCH;
1374 pub const FAMILY: &'static str = "windows";
1376 /// A string describing the specific operating system in use: in this
1377 /// case, `windows`.
1378 pub const SYSNAME: &'static str = "windows";
1380 /// Specifies the filename prefix used for shared libraries on this
1381 /// platform: in this case, the empty string.
1382 pub const DLL_PREFIX: &'static str = "";
1384 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for shared libraries on this
1385 /// platform: in this case, `.dll`.
1386 pub const DLL_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".dll";
1388 /// Specifies the file extension used for shared libraries on this
1389 /// platform that goes after the dot: in this case, `dll`.
1390 pub const DLL_EXTENSION: &'static str = "dll";
1392 /// Specifies the filename suffix used for executable binaries on this
1393 /// platform: in this case, `.exe`.
1394 pub const EXE_SUFFIX: &'static str = ".exe";
1396 /// Specifies the file extension, if any, used for executable binaries
1397 /// on this platform: in this case, `exe`.
1398 pub const EXE_EXTENSION: &'static str = "exe";
1401 #[cfg(target_arch = "x86")]
1403 pub const ARCH: &'static str = "x86";
1406 #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
1408 pub const ARCH: &'static str = "x86_64";
1411 #[cfg(target_arch = "arm")]
1413 pub const ARCH: &'static str = "arm";
1416 #[cfg(target_arch = "mips")]
1418 pub const ARCH: &'static str = "mips";
1421 #[cfg(target_arch = "mipsel")]
1423 pub const ARCH: &'static str = "mipsel";
1430 use os::{env, getcwd, getenv, make_absolute};
1431 use os::{split_paths, join_paths, setenv, unsetenv};
1437 pub fn last_os_error() {
1438 debug!("{}", os::last_os_error());
1441 fn make_rand_name() -> String {
1442 let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
1443 let n = format!("TEST{}", rng.gen_ascii_chars().take(10u)
1444 .collect::<String>());
1445 assert!(getenv(n.as_slice()).is_none());
1450 fn test_num_cpus() {
1451 assert!(os::num_cpus() > 0);
1456 let n = make_rand_name();
1457 setenv(n.as_slice(), "VALUE");
1458 assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), option::Option::Some("VALUE".to_string()));
1462 fn test_unsetenv() {
1463 let n = make_rand_name();
1464 setenv(n.as_slice(), "VALUE");
1465 unsetenv(n.as_slice());
1466 assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), option::Option::None);
1471 fn test_setenv_overwrite() {
1472 let n = make_rand_name();
1473 setenv(n.as_slice(), "1");
1474 setenv(n.as_slice(), "2");
1475 assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), option::Option::Some("2".to_string()));
1476 setenv(n.as_slice(), "");
1477 assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), option::Option::Some("".to_string()));
1480 // Windows GetEnvironmentVariable requires some extra work to make sure
1481 // the buffer the variable is copied into is the right size
1484 fn test_getenv_big() {
1485 let mut s = "".to_string();
1488 s.push_str("aaaaaaaaaa");
1491 let n = make_rand_name();
1492 setenv(n.as_slice(), s.as_slice());
1493 debug!("{}", s.clone());
1494 assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), option::Option::Some(s));
1498 fn test_self_exe_name() {
1499 let path = os::self_exe_name();
1500 assert!(path.is_some());
1501 let path = path.unwrap();
1502 debug!("{}", path.display());
1504 // Hard to test this function
1505 assert!(path.is_absolute());
1509 fn test_self_exe_path() {
1510 let path = os::self_exe_path();
1511 assert!(path.is_some());
1512 let path = path.unwrap();
1513 debug!("{}", path.display());
1515 // Hard to test this function
1516 assert!(path.is_absolute());
1521 fn test_env_getenv() {
1523 assert!(e.len() > 0u);
1525 let (n, v) = (*p).clone();
1527 let v2 = getenv(n.as_slice());
1528 // MingW seems to set some funky environment variables like
1529 // "=C:=C:\MinGW\msys\1.0\bin" and "!::=::\" that are returned
1530 // from env() but not visible from getenv().
1531 assert!(v2.is_none() || v2 == option::Option::Some(v));
1536 fn test_env_set_get_huge() {
1537 let n = make_rand_name();
1538 let s = "x".repeat(10000).to_string();
1539 setenv(n.as_slice(), s.as_slice());
1540 assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), Some(s));
1541 unsetenv(n.as_slice());
1542 assert_eq!(getenv(n.as_slice()), None);
1546 fn test_env_setenv() {
1547 let n = make_rand_name();
1550 setenv(n.as_slice(), "VALUE");
1551 assert!(!e.contains(&(n.clone(), "VALUE".to_string())));
1554 assert!(e.contains(&(n, "VALUE".to_string())));
1559 assert!((!Path::new("test-path").is_absolute()));
1561 let cwd = getcwd().unwrap();
1562 debug!("Current working directory: {}", cwd.display());
1564 debug!("{}", make_absolute(&Path::new("test-path")).unwrap().display());
1565 debug!("{}", make_absolute(&Path::new("/usr/bin")).unwrap().display());
1571 let oldhome = getenv("HOME");
1573 setenv("HOME", "/home/MountainView");
1574 assert!(os::homedir() == Some(Path::new("/home/MountainView")));
1577 assert!(os::homedir().is_none());
1579 for s in oldhome.iter() {
1580 setenv("HOME", s.as_slice());
1588 let oldhome = getenv("HOME");
1589 let olduserprofile = getenv("USERPROFILE");
1592 setenv("USERPROFILE", "");
1594 assert!(os::homedir().is_none());
1596 setenv("HOME", "/home/MountainView");
1597 assert!(os::homedir() == Some(Path::new("/home/MountainView")));
1601 setenv("USERPROFILE", "/home/MountainView");
1602 assert!(os::homedir() == Some(Path::new("/home/MountainView")));
1604 setenv("HOME", "/home/MountainView");
1605 setenv("USERPROFILE", "/home/PaloAlto");
1606 assert!(os::homedir() == Some(Path::new("/home/MountainView")));
1608 for s in oldhome.iter() {
1609 setenv("HOME", s.as_slice());
1611 for s in olduserprofile.iter() {
1612 setenv("USERPROFILE", s.as_slice());
1617 fn memory_map_rw() {
1618 use result::Result::{Ok, Err};
1620 let chunk = match os::MemoryMap::new(16, &[
1621 os::MapOption::MapReadable,
1622 os::MapOption::MapWritable
1625 Err(msg) => panic!("{}", msg)
1627 assert!(chunk.len >= 16);
1631 assert!(*chunk.data == 0xBE);
1636 fn memory_map_file() {
1639 use io::fs::{File, unlink};
1640 use io::SeekStyle::SeekSet;
1641 use io::FileMode::Open;
1642 use io::FileAccess::ReadWrite;
1644 #[cfg(not(windows))]
1645 fn get_fd(file: &File) -> libc::c_int {
1646 use os::unix::AsRawFd;
1651 fn get_fd(file: &File) -> libc::HANDLE {
1652 use os::windows::AsRawHandle;
1653 file.as_raw_handle()
1656 let mut path = tmpdir();
1657 path.push("mmap_file.tmp");
1658 let size = MemoryMap::granularity() * 2;
1659 let mut file = File::open_mode(&path, Open, ReadWrite).unwrap();
1660 file.seek(size as i64, SeekSet);
1663 let chunk = MemoryMap::new(size / 2, &[
1664 MapOption::MapReadable,
1665 MapOption::MapWritable,
1666 MapOption::MapFd(get_fd(&file)),
1667 MapOption::MapOffset(size / 2)
1669 assert!(chunk.len > 0);
1673 assert!(*chunk.data == 0xbe);
1677 unlink(&path).unwrap();
1682 fn split_paths_windows() {
1683 fn check_parse(unparsed: &str, parsed: &[&str]) -> bool {
1684 split_paths(unparsed) ==
1685 parsed.iter().map(|s| Path::new(*s)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
1688 assert!(check_parse("", &mut [""]));
1689 assert!(check_parse(r#""""#, &mut [""]));
1690 assert!(check_parse(";;", &mut ["", "", ""]));
1691 assert!(check_parse(r"c:\", &mut [r"c:\"]));
1692 assert!(check_parse(r"c:\;", &mut [r"c:\", ""]));
1693 assert!(check_parse(r"c:\;c:\Program Files\",
1694 &mut [r"c:\", r"c:\Program Files\"]));
1695 assert!(check_parse(r#"c:\;c:\"foo"\"#, &mut [r"c:\", r"c:\foo\"]));
1696 assert!(check_parse(r#"c:\;c:\"foo;bar"\;c:\baz"#,
1697 &mut [r"c:\", r"c:\foo;bar\", r"c:\baz"]));
1702 fn split_paths_unix() {
1703 fn check_parse(unparsed: &str, parsed: &[&str]) -> bool {
1704 split_paths(unparsed) ==
1705 parsed.iter().map(|s| Path::new(*s)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
1708 assert!(check_parse("", &mut [""]));
1709 assert!(check_parse("::", &mut ["", "", ""]));
1710 assert!(check_parse("/", &mut ["/"]));
1711 assert!(check_parse("/:", &mut ["/", ""]));
1712 assert!(check_parse("/:/usr/local", &mut ["/", "/usr/local"]));
1717 fn join_paths_unix() {
1718 fn test_eq(input: &[&str], output: &str) -> bool {
1719 join_paths(input).unwrap() == output.as_bytes()
1722 assert!(test_eq(&[], ""));
1723 assert!(test_eq(&["/bin", "/usr/bin", "/usr/local/bin"],
1724 "/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin"));
1725 assert!(test_eq(&["", "/bin", "", "", "/usr/bin", ""],
1726 ":/bin:::/usr/bin:"));
1727 assert!(join_paths(&["/te:st"]).is_err());
1732 fn join_paths_windows() {
1733 fn test_eq(input: &[&str], output: &str) -> bool {
1734 join_paths(input).unwrap() == output.as_bytes()
1737 assert!(test_eq(&[], ""));
1738 assert!(test_eq(&[r"c:\windows", r"c:\"],
1739 r"c:\windows;c:\"));
1740 assert!(test_eq(&["", r"c:\windows", "", "", r"c:\", ""],
1741 r";c:\windows;;;c:\;"));
1742 assert!(test_eq(&[r"c:\te;st", r"c:\"],
1743 r#""c:\te;st";c:\"#));
1744 assert!(join_paths(&[r#"c:\te"st"#]).is_err());
1747 // More recursive_mkdir tests are in extra::tempfile