1 // Copyright 2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
2 // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
3 // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
5 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
6 // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
7 // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
8 // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
9 // except according to those terms.
11 //! Filesystem manipulation operations.
13 //! This module contains basic methods to manipulate the contents of the local
14 //! filesystem. All methods in this module represent cross-platform filesystem
15 //! operations. Extra platform-specific functionality can be found in the
16 //! extension traits of `std::os::$platform`.
18 #![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
22 use io::{self, SeekFrom, Seek, Read, Initializer, Write};
23 use path::{Path, PathBuf};
24 use sys::fs as fs_imp;
25 use sys_common::{AsInnerMut, FromInner, AsInner, IntoInner};
28 /// A reference to an open file on the filesystem.
30 /// An instance of a `File` can be read and/or written depending on what options
31 /// it was opened with. Files also implement [`Seek`] to alter the logical cursor
32 /// that the file contains internally.
34 /// Files are automatically closed when they go out of scope.
38 /// Create a new file and write bytes to it:
41 /// use std::fs::File;
42 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
44 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
45 /// let mut file = File::create("foo.txt")?;
46 /// file.write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
51 /// Read the contents of a file into a [`String`]:
54 /// use std::fs::File;
55 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
57 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
58 /// let mut file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
59 /// let mut contents = String::new();
60 /// file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
61 /// assert_eq!(contents, "Hello, world!");
66 /// It can be more efficient to read the contents of a file with a buffered
67 /// [`Read`]er. This can be accomplished with [`BufReader<R>`]:
70 /// use std::fs::File;
71 /// use std::io::BufReader;
72 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
74 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
75 /// let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
76 /// let mut buf_reader = BufReader::new(file);
77 /// let mut contents = String::new();
78 /// buf_reader.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
79 /// assert_eq!(contents, "Hello, world!");
84 /// Note that, although read and write methods require a `&mut File`, because
85 /// of the interfaces for [`Read`] and [`Write`], the holder of a `&File` can
86 /// still modify the file, either through methods that take `&File` or by
87 /// retrieving the underlying OS object and modifying the file that way.
88 /// Additionally, many operating systems allow concurrent modification of files
89 /// by different processes. Avoid assuming that holding a `&File` means that the
90 /// file will not change.
92 /// [`Seek`]: ../io/trait.Seek.html
93 /// [`String`]: ../string/struct.String.html
94 /// [`Read`]: ../io/trait.Read.html
95 /// [`Write`]: ../io/trait.Write.html
96 /// [`BufReader<R>`]: ../io/struct.BufReader.html
97 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
102 /// Metadata information about a file.
104 /// This structure is returned from the [`metadata`] or
105 /// [`symlink_metadata`] function or method and represents known
106 /// metadata about a file such as its permissions, size, modification
109 /// [`metadata`]: fn.metadata.html
110 /// [`symlink_metadata`]: fn.symlink_metadata.html
111 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
113 pub struct Metadata(fs_imp::FileAttr);
115 /// Iterator over the entries in a directory.
117 /// This iterator is returned from the [`read_dir`] function of this module and
118 /// will yield instances of [`io::Result`]`<`[`DirEntry`]`>`. Through a [`DirEntry`]
119 /// information like the entry's path and possibly other metadata can be
124 /// This [`io::Result`] will be an [`Err`] if there's some sort of intermittent
125 /// IO error during iteration.
127 /// [`read_dir`]: fn.read_dir.html
128 /// [`DirEntry`]: struct.DirEntry.html
129 /// [`io::Result`]: ../io/type.Result.html
130 /// [`Err`]: ../result/enum.Result.html#variant.Err
131 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
133 pub struct ReadDir(fs_imp::ReadDir);
135 /// Entries returned by the [`ReadDir`] iterator.
137 /// [`ReadDir`]: struct.ReadDir.html
139 /// An instance of `DirEntry` represents an entry inside of a directory on the
140 /// filesystem. Each entry can be inspected via methods to learn about the full
141 /// path or possibly other metadata through per-platform extension traits.
142 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
143 pub struct DirEntry(fs_imp::DirEntry);
145 /// Options and flags which can be used to configure how a file is opened.
147 /// This builder exposes the ability to configure how a [`File`] is opened and
148 /// what operations are permitted on the open file. The [`File::open`] and
149 /// [`File::create`] methods are aliases for commonly used options using this
152 /// [`File`]: struct.File.html
153 /// [`File::open`]: struct.File.html#method.open
154 /// [`File::create`]: struct.File.html#method.create
156 /// Generally speaking, when using `OpenOptions`, you'll first call [`new`],
157 /// then chain calls to methods to set each option, then call [`open`],
158 /// passing the path of the file you're trying to open. This will give you a
159 /// [`io::Result`][result] with a [`File`][file] inside that you can further
162 /// [`new`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.new
163 /// [`open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
164 /// [result]: ../io/type.Result.html
165 /// [file]: struct.File.html
169 /// Opening a file to read:
172 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
174 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().read(true).open("foo.txt");
177 /// Opening a file for both reading and writing, as well as creating it if it
181 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
183 /// let file = OpenOptions::new()
187 /// .open("foo.txt");
189 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
190 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
191 pub struct OpenOptions(fs_imp::OpenOptions);
193 /// Representation of the various permissions on a file.
195 /// This module only currently provides one bit of information, [`readonly`],
196 /// which is exposed on all currently supported platforms. Unix-specific
197 /// functionality, such as mode bits, is available through the
198 /// [`PermissionsExt`] trait.
200 /// [`readonly`]: struct.Permissions.html#method.readonly
201 /// [`PermissionsExt`]: ../os/unix/fs/trait.PermissionsExt.html
202 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
203 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
204 pub struct Permissions(fs_imp::FilePermissions);
206 /// A structure representing a type of file with accessors for each file type.
207 /// It is returned by [`Metadata::file_type`] method.
209 /// [`Metadata::file_type`]: struct.Metadata.html#method.file_type
210 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
211 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
212 pub struct FileType(fs_imp::FileType);
214 /// A builder used to create directories in various manners.
216 /// This builder also supports platform-specific options.
217 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
219 pub struct DirBuilder {
220 inner: fs_imp::DirBuilder,
224 /// How large a buffer to pre-allocate before reading the entire file.
225 fn initial_buffer_size(file: &File) -> usize {
226 // Allocate one extra byte so the buffer doesn't need to grow before the
227 // final `read` call at the end of the file. Don't worry about `usize`
228 // overflow because reading will fail regardless in that case.
229 file.metadata().map(|m| m.len() as usize + 1).unwrap_or(0)
232 /// Read the entire contents of a file into a bytes vector.
234 /// This is a convenience function for using [`File::open`] and [`read_to_end`]
235 /// with fewer imports and without an intermediate variable. It pre-allocates a
236 /// buffer based on the file size when available, so it is generally faster than
237 /// reading into a vector created with `Vec::new()`.
239 /// [`File::open`]: struct.File.html#method.open
240 /// [`read_to_end`]: ../io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_end
244 /// This function will return an error if `path` does not already exist.
245 /// Other errors may also be returned according to [`OpenOptions::open`].
247 /// [`OpenOptions::open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
249 /// It will also return an error if it encounters while reading an error
250 /// of a kind other than [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`].
252 /// [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`]: ../../std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.Interrupted
258 /// use std::net::SocketAddr;
260 /// fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + 'static>> {
261 /// let foo: SocketAddr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&fs::read("address.txt")?).parse()?;
265 #[stable(feature = "fs_read_write_bytes", since = "1.26.0")]
266 pub fn read<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
267 let mut file = File::open(path)?;
268 let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(initial_buffer_size(&file));
269 file.read_to_end(&mut bytes)?;
273 /// Read the entire contents of a file into a string.
275 /// This is a convenience function for using [`File::open`] and [`read_to_string`]
276 /// with fewer imports and without an intermediate variable. It pre-allocates a
277 /// buffer based on the file size when available, so it is generally faster than
278 /// reading into a string created with `String::new()`.
280 /// [`File::open`]: struct.File.html#method.open
281 /// [`read_to_string`]: ../io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_string
285 /// This function will return an error if `path` does not already exist.
286 /// Other errors may also be returned according to [`OpenOptions::open`].
288 /// [`OpenOptions::open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
290 /// It will also return an error if it encounters while reading an error
291 /// of a kind other than [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`],
292 /// or if the contents of the file are not valid UTF-8.
294 /// [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`]: ../../std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.Interrupted
300 /// use std::net::SocketAddr;
302 /// fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + 'static>> {
303 /// let foo: SocketAddr = fs::read_to_string("address.txt")?.parse()?;
307 #[stable(feature = "fs_read_write", since = "1.26.0")]
308 pub fn read_to_string<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<String> {
309 let mut file = File::open(path)?;
310 let mut string = String::with_capacity(initial_buffer_size(&file));
311 file.read_to_string(&mut string)?;
315 /// Write a slice as the entire contents of a file.
317 /// This function will create a file if it does not exist,
318 /// and will entirely replace its contents if it does.
320 /// This is a convenience function for using [`File::create`] and [`write_all`]
321 /// with fewer imports.
323 /// [`File::create`]: struct.File.html#method.create
324 /// [`write_all`]: ../io/trait.Write.html#method.write_all
331 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
332 /// fs::write("foo.txt", b"Lorem ipsum")?;
333 /// fs::write("bar.txt", "dolor sit")?;
337 #[stable(feature = "fs_read_write_bytes", since = "1.26.0")]
338 pub fn write<P: AsRef<Path>, C: AsRef<[u8]>>(path: P, contents: C) -> io::Result<()> {
339 File::create(path)?.write_all(contents.as_ref())
343 /// Attempts to open a file in read-only mode.
345 /// See the [`OpenOptions::open`] method for more details.
349 /// This function will return an error if `path` does not already exist.
350 /// Other errors may also be returned according to [`OpenOptions::open`].
352 /// [`OpenOptions::open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
357 /// use std::fs::File;
359 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
360 /// let mut f = File::open("foo.txt")?;
364 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
365 pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<File> {
366 OpenOptions::new().read(true).open(path.as_ref())
369 /// Opens a file in write-only mode.
371 /// This function will create a file if it does not exist,
372 /// and will truncate it if it does.
374 /// See the [`OpenOptions::open`] function for more details.
376 /// [`OpenOptions::open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
381 /// use std::fs::File;
383 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
384 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
388 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
389 pub fn create<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<File> {
390 OpenOptions::new().write(true).create(true).truncate(true).open(path.as_ref())
393 /// Attempts to sync all OS-internal metadata to disk.
395 /// This function will attempt to ensure that all in-core data reaches the
396 /// filesystem before returning.
401 /// use std::fs::File;
402 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
404 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
405 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
406 /// f.write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
412 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
413 pub fn sync_all(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
417 /// This function is similar to [`sync_all`], except that it may not
418 /// synchronize file metadata to the filesystem.
420 /// This is intended for use cases that must synchronize content, but don't
421 /// need the metadata on disk. The goal of this method is to reduce disk
424 /// Note that some platforms may simply implement this in terms of
427 /// [`sync_all`]: struct.File.html#method.sync_all
432 /// use std::fs::File;
433 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
435 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
436 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
437 /// f.write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
443 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
444 pub fn sync_data(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
445 self.inner.datasync()
448 /// Truncates or extends the underlying file, updating the size of
449 /// this file to become `size`.
451 /// If the `size` is less than the current file's size, then the file will
452 /// be shrunk. If it is greater than the current file's size, then the file
453 /// will be extended to `size` and have all of the intermediate data filled
456 /// The file's cursor isn't changed. In particular, if the cursor was at the
457 /// end and the file is shrunk using this operation, the cursor will now be
462 /// This function will return an error if the file is not opened for writing.
467 /// use std::fs::File;
469 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
470 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
476 /// Note that this method alters the content of the underlying file, even
477 /// though it takes `&self` rather than `&mut self`.
478 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
479 pub fn set_len(&self, size: u64) -> io::Result<()> {
480 self.inner.truncate(size)
483 /// Queries metadata about the underlying file.
488 /// use std::fs::File;
490 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
491 /// let mut f = File::open("foo.txt")?;
492 /// let metadata = f.metadata()?;
496 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
497 pub fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
498 self.inner.file_attr().map(Metadata)
501 /// Create a new `File` instance that shares the same underlying file handle
502 /// as the existing `File` instance. Reads, writes, and seeks will affect
503 /// both `File` instances simultaneously.
507 /// Create two handles for a file named `foo.txt`:
510 /// use std::fs::File;
512 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
513 /// let mut file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
514 /// let file_copy = file.try_clone()?;
519 /// Assuming there’s a file named `foo.txt` with contents `abcdef\n`, create
520 /// two handles, seek one of them, and read the remaining bytes from the
524 /// use std::fs::File;
525 /// use std::io::SeekFrom;
526 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
528 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
529 /// let mut file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
530 /// let mut file_copy = file.try_clone()?;
532 /// file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(3))?;
534 /// let mut contents = vec![];
535 /// file_copy.read_to_end(&mut contents)?;
536 /// assert_eq!(contents, b"def\n");
540 #[stable(feature = "file_try_clone", since = "1.9.0")]
541 pub fn try_clone(&self) -> io::Result<File> {
543 inner: self.inner.duplicate()?
547 /// Changes the permissions on the underlying file.
549 /// # Platform-specific behavior
551 /// This function currently corresponds to the `fchmod` function on Unix and
552 /// the `SetFileInformationByHandle` function on Windows. Note that, this
553 /// [may change in the future][changes].
555 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
559 /// This function will return an error if the user lacks permission change
560 /// attributes on the underlying file. It may also return an error in other
561 /// os-specific unspecified cases.
566 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
567 /// use std::fs::File;
569 /// let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
570 /// let mut perms = file.metadata()?.permissions();
571 /// perms.set_readonly(true);
572 /// file.set_permissions(perms)?;
577 /// Note that this method alters the permissions of the underlying file,
578 /// even though it takes `&self` rather than `&mut self`.
579 #[stable(feature = "set_permissions_atomic", since = "1.16.0")]
580 pub fn set_permissions(&self, perm: Permissions) -> io::Result<()> {
581 self.inner.set_permissions(perm.0)
585 impl AsInner<fs_imp::File> for File {
586 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::File { &self.inner }
588 impl FromInner<fs_imp::File> for File {
589 fn from_inner(f: fs_imp::File) -> File {
593 impl IntoInner<fs_imp::File> for File {
594 fn into_inner(self) -> fs_imp::File {
599 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
600 impl fmt::Debug for File {
601 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
606 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
608 fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
613 unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer {
617 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
618 impl Write for File {
619 fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
620 self.inner.write(buf)
622 fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> { self.inner.flush() }
624 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
626 fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
630 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
631 impl<'a> Read for &'a File {
632 fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
637 unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer {
641 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
642 impl<'a> Write for &'a File {
643 fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
644 self.inner.write(buf)
646 fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> { self.inner.flush() }
648 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
649 impl<'a> Seek for &'a File {
650 fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
656 /// Creates a blank new set of options ready for configuration.
658 /// All options are initially set to `false`.
663 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
665 /// let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
666 /// let file = options.read(true).open("foo.txt");
668 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
669 pub fn new() -> OpenOptions {
670 OpenOptions(fs_imp::OpenOptions::new())
673 /// Sets the option for read access.
675 /// This option, when true, will indicate that the file should be
676 /// `read`-able if opened.
681 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
683 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().read(true).open("foo.txt");
685 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
686 pub fn read(&mut self, read: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
687 self.0.read(read); self
690 /// Sets the option for write access.
692 /// This option, when true, will indicate that the file should be
693 /// `write`-able if opened.
695 /// If the file already exists, any write calls on it will overwrite its
696 /// contents, without truncating it.
701 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
703 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).open("foo.txt");
705 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
706 pub fn write(&mut self, write: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
707 self.0.write(write); self
710 /// Sets the option for the append mode.
712 /// This option, when true, means that writes will append to a file instead
713 /// of overwriting previous contents.
714 /// Note that setting `.write(true).append(true)` has the same effect as
715 /// setting only `.append(true)`.
717 /// For most filesystems, the operating system guarantees that all writes are
718 /// atomic: no writes get mangled because another process writes at the same
721 /// One maybe obvious note when using append-mode: make sure that all data
722 /// that belongs together is written to the file in one operation. This
723 /// can be done by concatenating strings before passing them to [`write()`],
724 /// or using a buffered writer (with a buffer of adequate size),
725 /// and calling [`flush()`] when the message is complete.
727 /// If a file is opened with both read and append access, beware that after
728 /// opening, and after every write, the position for reading may be set at the
729 /// end of the file. So, before writing, save the current position (using
730 /// [`seek`]`(`[`SeekFrom`]`::`[`Current`]`(0))`), and restore it before the next read.
734 /// This function doesn't create the file if it doesn't exist. Use the [`create`]
737 /// [`write()`]: ../../std/fs/struct.File.html#method.write
738 /// [`flush()`]: ../../std/fs/struct.File.html#method.flush
739 /// [`seek`]: ../../std/fs/struct.File.html#method.seek
740 /// [`SeekFrom`]: ../../std/io/enum.SeekFrom.html
741 /// [`Current`]: ../../std/io/enum.SeekFrom.html#variant.Current
742 /// [`create`]: #method.create
747 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
749 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().append(true).open("foo.txt");
751 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
752 pub fn append(&mut self, append: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
753 self.0.append(append); self
756 /// Sets the option for truncating a previous file.
758 /// If a file is successfully opened with this option set it will truncate
759 /// the file to 0 length if it already exists.
761 /// The file must be opened with write access for truncate to work.
766 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
768 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).truncate(true).open("foo.txt");
770 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
771 pub fn truncate(&mut self, truncate: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
772 self.0.truncate(truncate); self
775 /// Sets the option for creating a new file.
777 /// This option indicates whether a new file will be created if the file
778 /// does not yet already exist.
780 /// In order for the file to be created, [`write`] or [`append`] access must
783 /// [`write`]: #method.write
784 /// [`append`]: #method.append
789 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
791 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).create(true).open("foo.txt");
793 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
794 pub fn create(&mut self, create: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
795 self.0.create(create); self
798 /// Sets the option to always create a new file.
800 /// This option indicates whether a new file will be created.
801 /// No file is allowed to exist at the target location, also no (dangling)
804 /// This option is useful because it is atomic. Otherwise between checking
805 /// whether a file exists and creating a new one, the file may have been
806 /// created by another process (a TOCTOU race condition / attack).
808 /// If `.create_new(true)` is set, [`.create()`] and [`.truncate()`] are
811 /// The file must be opened with write or append access in order to create
814 /// [`.create()`]: #method.create
815 /// [`.truncate()`]: #method.truncate
820 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
822 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true)
823 /// .create_new(true)
824 /// .open("foo.txt");
826 #[stable(feature = "expand_open_options2", since = "1.9.0")]
827 pub fn create_new(&mut self, create_new: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
828 self.0.create_new(create_new); self
831 /// Opens a file at `path` with the options specified by `self`.
835 /// This function will return an error under a number of different
836 /// circumstances. Some of these error conditions are listed here, together
837 /// with their [`ErrorKind`]. The mapping to [`ErrorKind`]s is not part of
838 /// the compatibility contract of the function, especially the `Other` kind
839 /// might change to more specific kinds in the future.
841 /// * [`NotFound`]: The specified file does not exist and neither `create`
842 /// or `create_new` is set.
843 /// * [`NotFound`]: One of the directory components of the file path does
845 /// * [`PermissionDenied`]: The user lacks permission to get the specified
846 /// access rights for the file.
847 /// * [`PermissionDenied`]: The user lacks permission to open one of the
848 /// directory components of the specified path.
849 /// * [`AlreadyExists`]: `create_new` was specified and the file already
851 /// * [`InvalidInput`]: Invalid combinations of open options (truncate
852 /// without write access, no access mode set, etc.).
853 /// * [`Other`]: One of the directory components of the specified file path
854 /// was not, in fact, a directory.
855 /// * [`Other`]: Filesystem-level errors: full disk, write permission
856 /// requested on a read-only file system, exceeded disk quota, too many
857 /// open files, too long filename, too many symbolic links in the
858 /// specified path (Unix-like systems only), etc.
863 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
865 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().open("foo.txt");
868 /// [`ErrorKind`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html
869 /// [`AlreadyExists`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.AlreadyExists
870 /// [`InvalidInput`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.InvalidInput
871 /// [`NotFound`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.NotFound
872 /// [`Other`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.Other
873 /// [`PermissionDenied`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.PermissionDenied
874 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
875 pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<File> {
876 self._open(path.as_ref())
879 fn _open(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<File> {
880 let inner = fs_imp::File::open(path, &self.0)?;
885 impl AsInnerMut<fs_imp::OpenOptions> for OpenOptions {
886 fn as_inner_mut(&mut self) -> &mut fs_imp::OpenOptions { &mut self.0 }
890 /// Returns the file type for this metadata.
895 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
898 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
900 /// println!("{:?}", metadata.file_type());
904 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
905 pub fn file_type(&self) -> FileType {
906 FileType(self.0.file_type())
909 /// Returns whether this metadata is for a directory. The
910 /// result is mutually exclusive to the result of
911 /// [`is_file`], and will be false for symlink metadata
912 /// obtained from [`symlink_metadata`].
914 /// [`is_file`]: struct.Metadata.html#method.is_file
915 /// [`symlink_metadata`]: fn.symlink_metadata.html
920 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
923 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
925 /// assert!(!metadata.is_dir());
929 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
930 pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool { self.file_type().is_dir() }
932 /// Returns whether this metadata is for a regular file. The
933 /// result is mutually exclusive to the result of
934 /// [`is_dir`], and will be false for symlink metadata
935 /// obtained from [`symlink_metadata`].
937 /// [`is_dir`]: struct.Metadata.html#method.is_dir
938 /// [`symlink_metadata`]: fn.symlink_metadata.html
945 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
946 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
948 /// assert!(metadata.is_file());
952 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
953 pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool { self.file_type().is_file() }
955 /// Returns the size of the file, in bytes, this metadata is for.
962 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
963 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
965 /// assert_eq!(0, metadata.len());
969 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
970 pub fn len(&self) -> u64 { self.0.size() }
972 /// Returns the permissions of the file this metadata is for.
979 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
980 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
982 /// assert!(!metadata.permissions().readonly());
986 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
987 pub fn permissions(&self) -> Permissions {
988 Permissions(self.0.perm())
991 /// Returns the last modification time listed in this metadata.
993 /// The returned value corresponds to the `mtime` field of `stat` on Unix
994 /// platforms and the `ftLastWriteTime` field on Windows platforms.
998 /// This field may not be available on all platforms, and will return an
999 /// `Err` on platforms where it is not available.
1006 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1007 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
1009 /// if let Ok(time) = metadata.modified() {
1010 /// println!("{:?}", time);
1012 /// println!("Not supported on this platform");
1017 #[stable(feature = "fs_time", since = "1.10.0")]
1018 pub fn modified(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
1019 self.0.modified().map(FromInner::from_inner)
1022 /// Returns the last access time of this metadata.
1024 /// The returned value corresponds to the `atime` field of `stat` on Unix
1025 /// platforms and the `ftLastAccessTime` field on Windows platforms.
1027 /// Note that not all platforms will keep this field update in a file's
1028 /// metadata, for example Windows has an option to disable updating this
1029 /// time when files are accessed and Linux similarly has `noatime`.
1033 /// This field may not be available on all platforms, and will return an
1034 /// `Err` on platforms where it is not available.
1041 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1042 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
1044 /// if let Ok(time) = metadata.accessed() {
1045 /// println!("{:?}", time);
1047 /// println!("Not supported on this platform");
1052 #[stable(feature = "fs_time", since = "1.10.0")]
1053 pub fn accessed(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
1054 self.0.accessed().map(FromInner::from_inner)
1057 /// Returns the creation time listed in this metadata.
1059 /// The returned value corresponds to the `birthtime` field of `stat` on
1060 /// Unix platforms and the `ftCreationTime` field on Windows platforms.
1064 /// This field may not be available on all platforms, and will return an
1065 /// `Err` on platforms where it is not available.
1072 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1073 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
1075 /// if let Ok(time) = metadata.created() {
1076 /// println!("{:?}", time);
1078 /// println!("Not supported on this platform");
1083 #[stable(feature = "fs_time", since = "1.10.0")]
1084 pub fn created(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
1085 self.0.created().map(FromInner::from_inner)
1089 #[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
1090 impl fmt::Debug for Metadata {
1091 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
1092 f.debug_struct("Metadata")
1093 .field("file_type", &self.file_type())
1094 .field("is_dir", &self.is_dir())
1095 .field("is_file", &self.is_file())
1096 .field("permissions", &self.permissions())
1097 .field("modified", &self.modified())
1098 .field("accessed", &self.accessed())
1099 .field("created", &self.created())
1104 impl AsInner<fs_imp::FileAttr> for Metadata {
1105 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::FileAttr { &self.0 }
1109 /// Returns whether these permissions describe a readonly (unwritable) file.
1114 /// use std::fs::File;
1116 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1117 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
1118 /// let metadata = f.metadata()?;
1120 /// assert_eq!(false, metadata.permissions().readonly());
1124 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1125 pub fn readonly(&self) -> bool { self.0.readonly() }
1127 /// Modifies the readonly flag for this set of permissions. If the
1128 /// `readonly` argument is `true`, using the resulting `Permission` will
1129 /// update file permissions to forbid writing. Conversely, if it's `false`,
1130 /// using the resulting `Permission` will update file permissions to allow
1133 /// This operation does **not** modify the filesystem. To modify the
1134 /// filesystem use the `fs::set_permissions` function.
1139 /// use std::fs::File;
1141 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1142 /// let f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
1143 /// let metadata = f.metadata()?;
1144 /// let mut permissions = metadata.permissions();
1146 /// permissions.set_readonly(true);
1148 /// // filesystem doesn't change
1149 /// assert_eq!(false, metadata.permissions().readonly());
1151 /// // just this particular `permissions`.
1152 /// assert_eq!(true, permissions.readonly());
1156 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1157 pub fn set_readonly(&mut self, readonly: bool) {
1158 self.0.set_readonly(readonly)
1163 /// Test whether this file type represents a directory. The
1164 /// result is mutually exclusive to the results of
1165 /// [`is_file`] and [`is_symlink`]; only zero or one of these
1168 /// [`is_file`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_file
1169 /// [`is_symlink`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_symlink
1174 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1177 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
1178 /// let file_type = metadata.file_type();
1180 /// assert_eq!(file_type.is_dir(), false);
1184 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
1185 pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_dir() }
1187 /// Test whether this file type represents a regular file.
1188 /// The result is mutually exclusive to the results of
1189 /// [`is_dir`] and [`is_symlink`]; only zero or one of these
1192 /// [`is_dir`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_dir
1193 /// [`is_symlink`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_symlink
1198 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1201 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
1202 /// let file_type = metadata.file_type();
1204 /// assert_eq!(file_type.is_file(), true);
1208 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
1209 pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_file() }
1211 /// Test whether this file type represents a symbolic link.
1212 /// The result is mutually exclusive to the results of
1213 /// [`is_dir`] and [`is_file`]; only zero or one of these
1216 /// The underlying [`Metadata`] struct needs to be retrieved
1217 /// with the [`fs::symlink_metadata`] function and not the
1218 /// [`fs::metadata`] function. The [`fs::metadata`] function
1219 /// follows symbolic links, so [`is_symlink`] would always
1220 /// return false for the target file.
1222 /// [`Metadata`]: struct.Metadata.html
1223 /// [`fs::metadata`]: fn.metadata.html
1224 /// [`fs::symlink_metadata`]: fn.symlink_metadata.html
1225 /// [`is_dir`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_dir
1226 /// [`is_file`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_file
1227 /// [`is_symlink`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_symlink
1234 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1235 /// let metadata = fs::symlink_metadata("foo.txt")?;
1236 /// let file_type = metadata.file_type();
1238 /// assert_eq!(file_type.is_symlink(), false);
1242 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
1243 pub fn is_symlink(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_symlink() }
1246 impl AsInner<fs_imp::FileType> for FileType {
1247 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::FileType { &self.0 }
1250 impl FromInner<fs_imp::FilePermissions> for Permissions {
1251 fn from_inner(f: fs_imp::FilePermissions) -> Permissions {
1256 impl AsInner<fs_imp::FilePermissions> for Permissions {
1257 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::FilePermissions { &self.0 }
1260 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1261 impl Iterator for ReadDir {
1262 type Item = io::Result<DirEntry>;
1264 fn next(&mut self) -> Option<io::Result<DirEntry>> {
1265 self.0.next().map(|entry| entry.map(DirEntry))
1270 /// Returns the full path to the file that this entry represents.
1272 /// The full path is created by joining the original path to `read_dir`
1273 /// with the filename of this entry.
1280 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1281 /// for entry in fs::read_dir(".")? {
1282 /// let dir = entry?;
1283 /// println!("{:?}", dir.path());
1289 /// This prints output like:
1292 /// "./whatever.txt"
1294 /// "./hello_world.rs"
1297 /// The exact text, of course, depends on what files you have in `.`.
1298 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1299 pub fn path(&self) -> PathBuf { self.0.path() }
1301 /// Return the metadata for the file that this entry points at.
1303 /// This function will not traverse symlinks if this entry points at a
1306 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1308 /// On Windows this function is cheap to call (no extra system calls
1309 /// needed), but on Unix platforms this function is the equivalent of
1310 /// calling `symlink_metadata` on the path.
1317 /// if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(".") {
1318 /// for entry in entries {
1319 /// if let Ok(entry) = entry {
1320 /// // Here, `entry` is a `DirEntry`.
1321 /// if let Ok(metadata) = entry.metadata() {
1322 /// // Now let's show our entry's permissions!
1323 /// println!("{:?}: {:?}", entry.path(), metadata.permissions());
1325 /// println!("Couldn't get metadata for {:?}", entry.path());
1331 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
1332 pub fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
1333 self.0.metadata().map(Metadata)
1336 /// Return the file type for the file that this entry points at.
1338 /// This function will not traverse symlinks if this entry points at a
1341 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1343 /// On Windows and most Unix platforms this function is free (no extra
1344 /// system calls needed), but some Unix platforms may require the equivalent
1345 /// call to `symlink_metadata` to learn about the target file type.
1352 /// if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(".") {
1353 /// for entry in entries {
1354 /// if let Ok(entry) = entry {
1355 /// // Here, `entry` is a `DirEntry`.
1356 /// if let Ok(file_type) = entry.file_type() {
1357 /// // Now let's show our entry's file type!
1358 /// println!("{:?}: {:?}", entry.path(), file_type);
1360 /// println!("Couldn't get file type for {:?}", entry.path());
1366 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
1367 pub fn file_type(&self) -> io::Result<FileType> {
1368 self.0.file_type().map(FileType)
1371 /// Returns the bare file name of this directory entry without any other
1372 /// leading path component.
1379 /// if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(".") {
1380 /// for entry in entries {
1381 /// if let Ok(entry) = entry {
1382 /// // Here, `entry` is a `DirEntry`.
1383 /// println!("{:?}", entry.file_name());
1388 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
1389 pub fn file_name(&self) -> OsString {
1394 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_debug", since = "1.13.0")]
1395 impl fmt::Debug for DirEntry {
1396 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
1397 f.debug_tuple("DirEntry")
1398 .field(&self.path())
1403 impl AsInner<fs_imp::DirEntry> for DirEntry {
1404 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::DirEntry { &self.0 }
1407 /// Removes a file from the filesystem.
1409 /// Note that there is no
1410 /// guarantee that the file is immediately deleted (e.g., depending on
1411 /// platform, other open file descriptors may prevent immediate removal).
1413 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1415 /// This function currently corresponds to the `unlink` function on Unix
1416 /// and the `DeleteFile` function on Windows.
1417 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1419 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1423 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1424 /// limited to just these cases:
1426 /// * `path` points to a directory.
1427 /// * The user lacks permissions to remove the file.
1434 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1435 /// fs::remove_file("a.txt")?;
1439 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1440 pub fn remove_file<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1441 fs_imp::unlink(path.as_ref())
1444 /// Given a path, query the file system to get information about a file,
1447 /// This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the
1448 /// destination file.
1450 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1452 /// This function currently corresponds to the `stat` function on Unix
1453 /// and the `GetFileAttributesEx` function on Windows.
1454 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1456 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1460 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1461 /// limited to just these cases:
1463 /// * The user lacks permissions to perform `metadata` call on `path`.
1464 /// * `path` does not exist.
1471 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1472 /// let attr = fs::metadata("/some/file/path.txt")?;
1473 /// // inspect attr ...
1477 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1478 pub fn metadata<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
1479 fs_imp::stat(path.as_ref()).map(Metadata)
1482 /// Query the metadata about a file without following symlinks.
1484 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1486 /// This function currently corresponds to the `lstat` function on Unix
1487 /// and the `GetFileAttributesEx` function on Windows.
1488 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1490 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1494 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1495 /// limited to just these cases:
1497 /// * The user lacks permissions to perform `metadata` call on `path`.
1498 /// * `path` does not exist.
1505 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1506 /// let attr = fs::symlink_metadata("/some/file/path.txt")?;
1507 /// // inspect attr ...
1511 #[stable(feature = "symlink_metadata", since = "1.1.0")]
1512 pub fn symlink_metadata<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
1513 fs_imp::lstat(path.as_ref()).map(Metadata)
1516 /// Rename a file or directory to a new name, replacing the original file if
1517 /// `to` already exists.
1519 /// This will not work if the new name is on a different mount point.
1521 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1523 /// This function currently corresponds to the `rename` function on Unix
1524 /// and the `MoveFileEx` function with the `MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING` flag on Windows.
1526 /// Because of this, the behavior when both `from` and `to` exist differs. On
1527 /// Unix, if `from` is a directory, `to` must also be an (empty) directory. If
1528 /// `from` is not a directory, `to` must also be not a directory. In contrast,
1529 /// on Windows, `from` can be anything, but `to` must *not* be a directory.
1531 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1533 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1537 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1538 /// limited to just these cases:
1540 /// * `from` does not exist.
1541 /// * The user lacks permissions to view contents.
1542 /// * `from` and `to` are on separate filesystems.
1549 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1550 /// fs::rename("a.txt", "b.txt")?; // Rename a.txt to b.txt
1554 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1555 pub fn rename<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(from: P, to: Q) -> io::Result<()> {
1556 fs_imp::rename(from.as_ref(), to.as_ref())
1559 /// Copies the contents of one file to another. This function will also
1560 /// copy the permission bits of the original file to the destination file.
1562 /// This function will **overwrite** the contents of `to`.
1564 /// Note that if `from` and `to` both point to the same file, then the file
1565 /// will likely get truncated by this operation.
1567 /// On success, the total number of bytes copied is returned and it is equal to
1568 /// the length of the `to` file as reported by `metadata`.
1570 /// If you’re wanting to copy the contents of one file to another and you’re
1571 /// working with [`File`]s, see the [`io::copy`] function.
1573 /// [`io::copy`]: ../io/fn.copy.html
1574 /// [`File`]: ./struct.File.html
1576 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1578 /// This function currently corresponds to the `open` function in Unix
1579 /// with `O_RDONLY` for `from` and `O_WRONLY`, `O_CREAT`, and `O_TRUNC` for `to`.
1580 /// `O_CLOEXEC` is set for returned file descriptors.
1581 /// On Windows, this function currently corresponds to `CopyFileEx`. Alternate
1582 /// NTFS streams are copied but only the size of the main stream is returned by
1584 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1586 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1590 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1591 /// limited to just these cases:
1593 /// * The `from` path is not a file.
1594 /// * The `from` file does not exist.
1595 /// * The current process does not have the permission rights to access
1596 /// `from` or write `to`.
1603 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1604 /// fs::copy("foo.txt", "bar.txt")?; // Copy foo.txt to bar.txt
1608 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1609 pub fn copy<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(from: P, to: Q) -> io::Result<u64> {
1610 fs_imp::copy(from.as_ref(), to.as_ref())
1613 /// Creates a new hard link on the filesystem.
1615 /// The `dst` path will be a link pointing to the `src` path. Note that systems
1616 /// often require these two paths to both be located on the same filesystem.
1618 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1620 /// This function currently corresponds to the `link` function on Unix
1621 /// and the `CreateHardLink` function on Windows.
1622 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1624 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1628 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1629 /// limited to just these cases:
1631 /// * The `src` path is not a file or doesn't exist.
1638 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1639 /// fs::hard_link("a.txt", "b.txt")?; // Hard link a.txt to b.txt
1643 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1644 pub fn hard_link<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(src: P, dst: Q) -> io::Result<()> {
1645 fs_imp::link(src.as_ref(), dst.as_ref())
1648 /// Creates a new symbolic link on the filesystem.
1650 /// The `dst` path will be a symbolic link pointing to the `src` path.
1651 /// On Windows, this will be a file symlink, not a directory symlink;
1652 /// for this reason, the platform-specific `std::os::unix::fs::symlink`
1653 /// and `std::os::windows::fs::{symlink_file, symlink_dir}` should be
1654 /// used instead to make the intent explicit.
1661 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1662 /// fs::soft_link("a.txt", "b.txt")?;
1666 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1667 #[rustc_deprecated(since = "1.1.0",
1668 reason = "replaced with std::os::unix::fs::symlink and \
1669 std::os::windows::fs::{symlink_file, symlink_dir}")]
1670 pub fn soft_link<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(src: P, dst: Q) -> io::Result<()> {
1671 fs_imp::symlink(src.as_ref(), dst.as_ref())
1674 /// Reads a symbolic link, returning the file that the link points to.
1676 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1678 /// This function currently corresponds to the `readlink` function on Unix
1679 /// and the `CreateFile` function with `FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT` and
1680 /// `FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS` flags on Windows.
1681 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1683 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1687 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1688 /// limited to just these cases:
1690 /// * `path` is not a symbolic link.
1691 /// * `path` does not exist.
1698 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1699 /// let path = fs::read_link("a.txt")?;
1703 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1704 pub fn read_link<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
1705 fs_imp::readlink(path.as_ref())
1708 /// Returns the canonical, absolute form of a path with all intermediate
1709 /// components normalized and symbolic links resolved.
1711 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1713 /// This function currently corresponds to the `realpath` function on Unix
1714 /// and the `CreateFile` and `GetFinalPathNameByHandle` functions on Windows.
1715 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1717 /// On Windows, this converts the path to use [extended length path][path]
1718 /// syntax, which allows your program to use longer path names, but means you
1719 /// can only join backslash-delimited paths to it, and it may be incompatible
1720 /// with other applications (if passed to the application on the command-line,
1721 /// or written to a file another application may read).
1723 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1724 /// [path]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx#maxpath
1728 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1729 /// limited to just these cases:
1731 /// * `path` does not exist.
1732 /// * A component in path is not a directory.
1739 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1740 /// let path = fs::canonicalize("../a/../foo.txt")?;
1744 #[stable(feature = "fs_canonicalize", since = "1.5.0")]
1745 pub fn canonicalize<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
1746 fs_imp::canonicalize(path.as_ref())
1749 /// Creates a new, empty directory at the provided path
1751 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1753 /// This function currently corresponds to the `mkdir` function on Unix
1754 /// and the `CreateDirectory` function on Windows.
1755 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1757 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1759 /// **NOTE**: If a parent of the given path doesn't exist, this function will
1760 /// return an error. To create a directory and all its missing parents at the
1761 /// same time, use the [`create_dir_all`] function.
1765 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1766 /// limited to just these cases:
1768 /// * User lacks permissions to create directory at `path`.
1769 /// * A parent of the given path doesn't exist. (To create a directory and all
1770 /// its missing parents at the same time, use the [`create_dir_all`]
1772 /// * `path` already exists.
1779 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1780 /// fs::create_dir("/some/dir")?;
1784 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1785 pub fn create_dir<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1786 DirBuilder::new().create(path.as_ref())
1789 /// Recursively create a directory and all of its parent components if they
1792 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1794 /// This function currently corresponds to the `mkdir` function on Unix
1795 /// and the `CreateDirectory` function on Windows.
1796 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1798 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1802 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1803 /// limited to just these cases:
1805 /// * If any directory in the path specified by `path`
1806 /// does not already exist and it could not be created otherwise. The specific
1807 /// error conditions for when a directory is being created (after it is
1808 /// determined to not exist) are outlined by `fs::create_dir`.
1810 /// Notable exception is made for situations where any of the directories
1811 /// specified in the `path` could not be created as it was being created concurrently.
1812 /// Such cases are considered to be successful. That is, calling `create_dir_all`
1813 /// concurrently from multiple threads or processes is guaranteed not to fail
1814 /// due to a race condition with itself.
1821 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1822 /// fs::create_dir_all("/some/dir")?;
1826 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1827 pub fn create_dir_all<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1828 DirBuilder::new().recursive(true).create(path.as_ref())
1831 /// Removes an existing, empty directory.
1833 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1835 /// This function currently corresponds to the `rmdir` function on Unix
1836 /// and the `RemoveDirectory` function on Windows.
1837 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1839 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1843 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1844 /// limited to just these cases:
1846 /// * The user lacks permissions to remove the directory at the provided `path`.
1847 /// * The directory isn't empty.
1854 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1855 /// fs::remove_dir("/some/dir")?;
1859 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1860 pub fn remove_dir<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1861 fs_imp::rmdir(path.as_ref())
1864 /// Removes a directory at this path, after removing all its contents. Use
1867 /// This function does **not** follow symbolic links and it will simply remove the
1868 /// symbolic link itself.
1870 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1872 /// This function currently corresponds to `opendir`, `lstat`, `rm` and `rmdir` functions on Unix
1873 /// and the `FindFirstFile`, `GetFileAttributesEx`, `DeleteFile`, and `RemoveDirectory` functions
1875 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1877 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1881 /// See `file::remove_file` and `fs::remove_dir`.
1888 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1889 /// fs::remove_dir_all("/some/dir")?;
1893 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1894 pub fn remove_dir_all<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1895 fs_imp::remove_dir_all(path.as_ref())
1898 /// Returns an iterator over the entries within a directory.
1900 /// The iterator will yield instances of [`io::Result`]`<`[`DirEntry`]`>`.
1901 /// New errors may be encountered after an iterator is initially constructed.
1903 /// [`io::Result`]: ../io/type.Result.html
1904 /// [`DirEntry`]: struct.DirEntry.html
1906 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1908 /// This function currently corresponds to the `opendir` function on Unix
1909 /// and the `FindFirstFile` function on Windows.
1910 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1912 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1916 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1917 /// limited to just these cases:
1919 /// * The provided `path` doesn't exist.
1920 /// * The process lacks permissions to view the contents.
1921 /// * The `path` points at a non-directory file.
1927 /// use std::fs::{self, DirEntry};
1928 /// use std::path::Path;
1930 /// // one possible implementation of walking a directory only visiting files
1931 /// fn visit_dirs(dir: &Path, cb: &Fn(&DirEntry)) -> io::Result<()> {
1932 /// if dir.is_dir() {
1933 /// for entry in fs::read_dir(dir)? {
1934 /// let entry = entry?;
1935 /// let path = entry.path();
1936 /// if path.is_dir() {
1937 /// visit_dirs(&path, cb)?;
1946 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1947 pub fn read_dir<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<ReadDir> {
1948 fs_imp::readdir(path.as_ref()).map(ReadDir)
1951 /// Changes the permissions found on a file or a directory.
1953 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1955 /// This function currently corresponds to the `chmod` function on Unix
1956 /// and the `SetFileAttributes` function on Windows.
1957 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1959 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1963 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1964 /// limited to just these cases:
1966 /// * `path` does not exist.
1967 /// * The user lacks the permission to change attributes of the file.
1974 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1975 /// let mut perms = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?.permissions();
1976 /// perms.set_readonly(true);
1977 /// fs::set_permissions("foo.txt", perms)?;
1981 #[stable(feature = "set_permissions", since = "1.1.0")]
1982 pub fn set_permissions<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, perm: Permissions)
1984 fs_imp::set_perm(path.as_ref(), perm.0)
1988 /// Creates a new set of options with default mode/security settings for all
1989 /// platforms and also non-recursive.
1994 /// use std::fs::DirBuilder;
1996 /// let builder = DirBuilder::new();
1998 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
1999 pub fn new() -> DirBuilder {
2001 inner: fs_imp::DirBuilder::new(),
2006 /// Indicates that directories should be created recursively, creating all
2007 /// parent directories. Parents that do not exist are created with the same
2008 /// security and permissions settings.
2010 /// This option defaults to `false`.
2015 /// use std::fs::DirBuilder;
2017 /// let mut builder = DirBuilder::new();
2018 /// builder.recursive(true);
2020 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
2021 pub fn recursive(&mut self, recursive: bool) -> &mut Self {
2022 self.recursive = recursive;
2026 /// Create the specified directory with the options configured in this
2029 /// It is considered an error if the directory already exists unless
2030 /// recursive mode is enabled.
2035 /// use std::fs::{self, DirBuilder};
2037 /// let path = "/tmp/foo/bar/baz";
2038 /// DirBuilder::new()
2039 /// .recursive(true)
2040 /// .create(path).unwrap();
2042 /// assert!(fs::metadata(path).unwrap().is_dir());
2044 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
2045 pub fn create<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
2046 self._create(path.as_ref())
2049 fn _create(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
2051 self.create_dir_all(path)
2053 self.inner.mkdir(path)
2057 fn create_dir_all(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
2058 if path == Path::new("") {
2062 match self.inner.mkdir(path) {
2063 Ok(()) => return Ok(()),
2064 Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
2065 Err(_) if path.is_dir() => return Ok(()),
2066 Err(e) => return Err(e),
2068 match path.parent() {
2069 Some(p) => self.create_dir_all(p)?,
2070 None => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "failed to create whole tree")),
2072 match self.inner.mkdir(path) {
2074 Err(_) if path.is_dir() => Ok(()),
2080 impl AsInnerMut<fs_imp::DirBuilder> for DirBuilder {
2081 fn as_inner_mut(&mut self) -> &mut fs_imp::DirBuilder {
2086 #[cfg(all(test, not(any(target_os = "cloudabi", target_os = "emscripten"))))]
2090 use fs::{self, File, OpenOptions};
2091 use io::{ErrorKind, SeekFrom};
2093 use rand::{rngs::StdRng, FromEntropy, RngCore};
2095 use sys_common::io::test::{TempDir, tmpdir};
2099 use os::windows::fs::{symlink_dir, symlink_file};
2101 use sys::fs::symlink_junction;
2103 use os::unix::fs::symlink as symlink_dir;
2105 use os::unix::fs::symlink as symlink_file;
2107 use os::unix::fs::symlink as symlink_junction;
2109 macro_rules! check { ($e:expr) => (
2112 Err(e) => panic!("{} failed with: {}", stringify!($e), e),
2117 macro_rules! error { ($e:expr, $s:expr) => (
2119 Ok(_) => panic!("Unexpected success. Should've been: {:?}", $s),
2120 Err(ref err) => assert!(err.raw_os_error() == Some($s),
2121 format!("`{}` did not have a code of `{}`", err, $s))
2126 macro_rules! error { ($e:expr, $s:expr) => ( error_contains!($e, $s) ) }
2128 macro_rules! error_contains { ($e:expr, $s:expr) => (
2130 Ok(_) => panic!("Unexpected success. Should've been: {:?}", $s),
2131 Err(ref err) => assert!(err.to_string().contains($s),
2132 format!("`{}` did not contain `{}`", err, $s))
2136 // Several test fail on windows if the user does not have permission to
2137 // create symlinks (the `SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege`). Instead of
2138 // disabling these test on Windows, use this function to test whether we
2139 // have permission, and return otherwise. This way, we still don't run these
2140 // tests most of the time, but at least we do if the user has the right
2142 pub fn got_symlink_permission(tmpdir: &TempDir) -> bool {
2143 if cfg!(unix) { return true }
2144 let link = tmpdir.join("some_hopefully_unique_link_name");
2146 match symlink_file(r"nonexisting_target", link) {
2148 // ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD = 1314
2149 Err(ref err) if err.raw_os_error() == Some(1314) => false,
2155 fn file_test_io_smoke_test() {
2156 let message = "it's alright. have a good time";
2157 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2158 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test.txt");
2160 let mut write_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2161 check!(write_stream.write(message.as_bytes()));
2164 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2165 let mut read_buf = [0; 1028];
2166 let read_str = match check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_buf)) {
2167 0 => panic!("shouldn't happen"),
2168 n => str::from_utf8(&read_buf[..n]).unwrap().to_string()
2170 assert_eq!(read_str, message);
2172 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2176 fn invalid_path_raises() {
2177 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2178 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_that_does_not_exist.txt");
2179 let result = File::open(filename);
2182 error!(result, "No such file or directory");
2184 error!(result, 2); // ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
2188 fn file_test_iounlinking_invalid_path_should_raise_condition() {
2189 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2190 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_another_file_that_does_not_exist.txt");
2192 let result = fs::remove_file(filename);
2195 error!(result, "No such file or directory");
2197 error!(result, 2); // ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
2201 fn file_test_io_non_positional_read() {
2202 let message: &str = "ten-four";
2203 let mut read_mem = [0; 8];
2204 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2205 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_positional.txt");
2207 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2208 check!(rw_stream.write(message.as_bytes()));
2211 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2213 let read_buf = &mut read_mem[0..4];
2214 check!(read_stream.read(read_buf));
2217 let read_buf = &mut read_mem[4..8];
2218 check!(read_stream.read(read_buf));
2221 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2222 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap();
2223 assert_eq!(read_str, message);
2227 fn file_test_io_seek_and_tell_smoke_test() {
2228 let message = "ten-four";
2229 let mut read_mem = [0; 4];
2230 let set_cursor = 4 as u64;
2231 let tell_pos_pre_read;
2232 let tell_pos_post_read;
2233 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2234 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seeking.txt");
2236 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2237 check!(rw_stream.write(message.as_bytes()));
2240 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2241 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Start(set_cursor)));
2242 tell_pos_pre_read = check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)));
2243 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2244 tell_pos_post_read = check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)));
2246 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2247 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap();
2248 assert_eq!(read_str, &message[4..8]);
2249 assert_eq!(tell_pos_pre_read, set_cursor);
2250 assert_eq!(tell_pos_post_read, message.len() as u64);
2254 fn file_test_io_seek_and_write() {
2255 let initial_msg = "food-is-yummy";
2256 let overwrite_msg = "-the-bar!!";
2257 let final_msg = "foo-the-bar!!";
2259 let mut read_mem = [0; 13];
2260 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2261 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seek_and_write.txt");
2263 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2264 check!(rw_stream.write(initial_msg.as_bytes()));
2265 check!(rw_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Start(seek_idx)));
2266 check!(rw_stream.write(overwrite_msg.as_bytes()));
2269 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2270 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2272 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2273 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap();
2274 assert!(read_str == final_msg);
2278 fn file_test_io_seek_shakedown() {
2280 let initial_msg = "qwer-asdf-zxcv";
2281 let chunk_one: &str = "qwer";
2282 let chunk_two: &str = "asdf";
2283 let chunk_three: &str = "zxcv";
2284 let mut read_mem = [0; 4];
2285 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2286 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seek_shakedown.txt");
2288 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2289 check!(rw_stream.write(initial_msg.as_bytes()));
2292 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2294 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::End(-4)));
2295 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2296 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap(), chunk_three);
2298 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Current(-9)));
2299 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2300 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap(), chunk_two);
2302 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0)));
2303 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2304 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap(), chunk_one);
2306 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2310 fn file_test_io_eof() {
2311 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2312 let filename = tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_eof.txt");
2313 let mut buf = [0; 256];
2315 let oo = OpenOptions::new().create_new(true).write(true).read(true).clone();
2316 let mut rw = check!(oo.open(&filename));
2317 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), 0);
2318 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), 0);
2320 check!(fs::remove_file(&filename));
2325 fn file_test_io_read_write_at() {
2326 use os::unix::fs::FileExt;
2328 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2329 let filename = tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_read_write_at.txt");
2330 let mut buf = [0; 256];
2331 let write1 = "asdf";
2332 let write2 = "qwer-";
2333 let write3 = "-zxcv";
2334 let content = "qwer-asdf-zxcv";
2336 let oo = OpenOptions::new().create_new(true).write(true).read(true).clone();
2337 let mut rw = check!(oo.open(&filename));
2338 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write_at(write1.as_bytes(), 5)), write1.len());
2339 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2340 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read_at(&mut buf, 5)), write1.len());
2341 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2342 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2343 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read_at(&mut buf[..write2.len()], 0)), write2.len());
2344 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write2.len()]), Ok("\0\0\0\0\0"));
2345 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2346 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write(write2.as_bytes())), write2.len());
2347 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 5);
2348 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), write1.len());
2349 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2350 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2351 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read_at(&mut buf[..write2.len()], 0)), write2.len());
2352 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write2.len()]), Ok(write2));
2353 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2354 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write_at(write3.as_bytes(), 9)), write3.len());
2355 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2358 let mut read = check!(File::open(&filename));
2359 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2360 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2361 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2362 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5))), 9);
2363 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2364 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2365 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2366 assert_eq!(check!(read.read(&mut buf)), write3.len());
2367 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write3.len()]), Ok(write3));
2368 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2369 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2370 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2371 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2372 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 14)), 0);
2373 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 15)), 0);
2374 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2376 check!(fs::remove_file(&filename));
2381 fn set_get_unix_permissions() {
2382 use os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
2384 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2385 let filename = &tmpdir.join("set_get_unix_permissions");
2386 check!(fs::create_dir(filename));
2389 check!(fs::set_permissions(filename,
2390 fs::Permissions::from_mode(0)));
2391 let metadata0 = check!(fs::metadata(filename));
2392 assert_eq!(mask & metadata0.permissions().mode(), 0);
2394 check!(fs::set_permissions(filename,
2395 fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o1777)));
2396 let metadata1 = check!(fs::metadata(filename));
2397 assert_eq!(mask & metadata1.permissions().mode(), 0o1777);
2402 fn file_test_io_seek_read_write() {
2403 use os::windows::fs::FileExt;
2405 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2406 let filename = tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seek_read_write.txt");
2407 let mut buf = [0; 256];
2408 let write1 = "asdf";
2409 let write2 = "qwer-";
2410 let write3 = "-zxcv";
2411 let content = "qwer-asdf-zxcv";
2413 let oo = OpenOptions::new().create_new(true).write(true).read(true).clone();
2414 let mut rw = check!(oo.open(&filename));
2415 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_write(write1.as_bytes(), 5)), write1.len());
2416 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2417 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_read(&mut buf, 5)), write1.len());
2418 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2419 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2420 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))), 0);
2421 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write(write2.as_bytes())), write2.len());
2422 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 5);
2423 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), write1.len());
2424 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2425 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2426 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_read(&mut buf[..write2.len()], 0)), write2.len());
2427 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write2.len()]), Ok(write2));
2428 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 5);
2429 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_write(write3.as_bytes(), 9)), write3.len());
2430 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2433 let mut read = check!(File::open(&filename));
2434 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2435 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2436 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2437 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5))), 9);
2438 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2439 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2440 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2441 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5))), 9);
2442 assert_eq!(check!(read.read(&mut buf)), write3.len());
2443 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write3.len()]), Ok(write3));
2444 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2445 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2446 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2447 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2448 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 14)), 0);
2449 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 15)), 0);
2451 check!(fs::remove_file(&filename));
2455 fn file_test_stat_is_correct_on_is_file() {
2456 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2457 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_stat_correct_on_is_file.txt");
2459 let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
2460 let mut fs = check!(opts.read(true).write(true)
2461 .create(true).open(filename));
2463 fs.write(msg.as_bytes()).unwrap();
2465 let fstat_res = check!(fs.metadata());
2466 assert!(fstat_res.is_file());
2468 let stat_res_fn = check!(fs::metadata(filename));
2469 assert!(stat_res_fn.is_file());
2470 let stat_res_meth = check!(filename.metadata());
2471 assert!(stat_res_meth.is_file());
2472 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2476 fn file_test_stat_is_correct_on_is_dir() {
2477 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2478 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_stat_correct_on_is_dir");
2479 check!(fs::create_dir(filename));
2480 let stat_res_fn = check!(fs::metadata(filename));
2481 assert!(stat_res_fn.is_dir());
2482 let stat_res_meth = check!(filename.metadata());
2483 assert!(stat_res_meth.is_dir());
2484 check!(fs::remove_dir(filename));
2488 fn file_test_fileinfo_false_when_checking_is_file_on_a_directory() {
2489 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2490 let dir = &tmpdir.join("fileinfo_false_on_dir");
2491 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2492 assert!(!dir.is_file());
2493 check!(fs::remove_dir(dir));
2497 fn file_test_fileinfo_check_exists_before_and_after_file_creation() {
2498 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2499 let file = &tmpdir.join("fileinfo_check_exists_b_and_a.txt");
2500 check!(check!(File::create(file)).write(b"foo"));
2501 assert!(file.exists());
2502 check!(fs::remove_file(file));
2503 assert!(!file.exists());
2507 fn file_test_directoryinfo_check_exists_before_and_after_mkdir() {
2508 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2509 let dir = &tmpdir.join("before_and_after_dir");
2510 assert!(!dir.exists());
2511 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2512 assert!(dir.exists());
2513 assert!(dir.is_dir());
2514 check!(fs::remove_dir(dir));
2515 assert!(!dir.exists());
2519 fn file_test_directoryinfo_readdir() {
2520 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2521 let dir = &tmpdir.join("di_readdir");
2522 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2525 let f = dir.join(&format!("{}.txt", n));
2526 let mut w = check!(File::create(&f));
2527 let msg_str = format!("{}{}", prefix, n.to_string());
2528 let msg = msg_str.as_bytes();
2529 check!(w.write(msg));
2531 let files = check!(fs::read_dir(dir));
2532 let mut mem = [0; 4];
2534 let f = f.unwrap().path();
2536 let n = f.file_stem().unwrap();
2537 check!(check!(File::open(&f)).read(&mut mem));
2538 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&mem).unwrap();
2539 let expected = format!("{}{}", prefix, n.to_str().unwrap());
2540 assert_eq!(expected, read_str);
2542 check!(fs::remove_file(&f));
2544 check!(fs::remove_dir(dir));
2548 fn file_create_new_already_exists_error() {
2549 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2550 let file = &tmpdir.join("file_create_new_error_exists");
2551 check!(fs::File::create(file));
2552 let e = fs::OpenOptions::new().write(true).create_new(true).open(file).unwrap_err();
2553 assert_eq!(e.kind(), ErrorKind::AlreadyExists);
2557 fn mkdir_path_already_exists_error() {
2558 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2559 let dir = &tmpdir.join("mkdir_error_twice");
2560 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2561 let e = fs::create_dir(dir).unwrap_err();
2562 assert_eq!(e.kind(), ErrorKind::AlreadyExists);
2566 fn recursive_mkdir() {
2567 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2568 let dir = tmpdir.join("d1/d2");
2569 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2570 assert!(dir.is_dir())
2574 fn recursive_mkdir_failure() {
2575 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2576 let dir = tmpdir.join("d1");
2577 let file = dir.join("f1");
2579 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2580 check!(File::create(&file));
2582 let result = fs::create_dir_all(&file);
2584 assert!(result.is_err());
2588 fn concurrent_recursive_mkdir() {
2591 let mut dir = dir.join("a");
2593 dir = dir.join("a");
2595 let mut join = vec!();
2597 let dir = dir.clone();
2598 join.push(thread::spawn(move || {
2599 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2603 // No `Display` on result of `join()`
2604 join.drain(..).map(|join| join.join().unwrap()).count();
2609 fn recursive_mkdir_slash() {
2610 check!(fs::create_dir_all(Path::new("/")));
2614 fn recursive_mkdir_dot() {
2615 check!(fs::create_dir_all(Path::new(".")));
2619 fn recursive_mkdir_empty() {
2620 check!(fs::create_dir_all(Path::new("")));
2624 fn recursive_rmdir() {
2625 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2626 let d1 = tmpdir.join("d1");
2627 let dt = d1.join("t");
2628 let dtt = dt.join("t");
2629 let d2 = tmpdir.join("d2");
2630 let canary = d2.join("do_not_delete");
2631 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dtt));
2632 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&d2));
2633 check!(check!(File::create(&canary)).write(b"foo"));
2634 check!(symlink_junction(&d2, &dt.join("d2")));
2635 let _ = symlink_file(&canary, &d1.join("canary"));
2636 check!(fs::remove_dir_all(&d1));
2638 assert!(!d1.is_dir());
2639 assert!(canary.exists());
2643 fn recursive_rmdir_of_symlink() {
2644 // test we do not recursively delete a symlink but only dirs.
2645 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2646 let link = tmpdir.join("d1");
2647 let dir = tmpdir.join("d2");
2648 let canary = dir.join("do_not_delete");
2649 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2650 check!(check!(File::create(&canary)).write(b"foo"));
2651 check!(symlink_junction(&dir, &link));
2652 check!(fs::remove_dir_all(&link));
2654 assert!(!link.is_dir());
2655 assert!(canary.exists());
2659 // only Windows makes a distinction between file and directory symlinks.
2661 fn recursive_rmdir_of_file_symlink() {
2662 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2663 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2665 let f1 = tmpdir.join("f1");
2666 let f2 = tmpdir.join("f2");
2667 check!(check!(File::create(&f1)).write(b"foo"));
2668 check!(symlink_file(&f1, &f2));
2669 match fs::remove_dir_all(&f2) {
2670 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2676 fn unicode_path_is_dir() {
2677 assert!(Path::new(".").is_dir());
2678 assert!(!Path::new("test/stdtest/fs.rs").is_dir());
2680 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2682 let mut dirpath = tmpdir.path().to_path_buf();
2683 dirpath.push("test-가一ー你好");
2684 check!(fs::create_dir(&dirpath));
2685 assert!(dirpath.is_dir());
2687 let mut filepath = dirpath;
2688 filepath.push("unicode-file-\u{ac00}\u{4e00}\u{30fc}\u{4f60}\u{597d}.rs");
2689 check!(File::create(&filepath)); // ignore return; touch only
2690 assert!(!filepath.is_dir());
2691 assert!(filepath.exists());
2695 fn unicode_path_exists() {
2696 assert!(Path::new(".").exists());
2697 assert!(!Path::new("test/nonexistent-bogus-path").exists());
2699 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2700 let unicode = tmpdir.path();
2701 let unicode = unicode.join("test-각丁ー再见");
2702 check!(fs::create_dir(&unicode));
2703 assert!(unicode.exists());
2704 assert!(!Path::new("test/unicode-bogus-path-각丁ー再见").exists());
2708 fn copy_file_does_not_exist() {
2709 let from = Path::new("test/nonexistent-bogus-path");
2710 let to = Path::new("test/other-bogus-path");
2712 match fs::copy(&from, &to) {
2715 assert!(!from.exists());
2716 assert!(!to.exists());
2722 fn copy_src_does_not_exist() {
2723 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2724 let from = Path::new("test/nonexistent-bogus-path");
2725 let to = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2726 check!(check!(File::create(&to)).write(b"hello"));
2727 assert!(fs::copy(&from, &to).is_err());
2728 assert!(!from.exists());
2729 let mut v = Vec::new();
2730 check!(check!(File::open(&to)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2731 assert_eq!(v, b"hello");
2736 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2737 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2738 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2740 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write(b"hello"));
2741 check!(fs::copy(&input, &out));
2742 let mut v = Vec::new();
2743 check!(check!(File::open(&out)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2744 assert_eq!(v, b"hello");
2746 assert_eq!(check!(input.metadata()).permissions(),
2747 check!(out.metadata()).permissions());
2751 fn copy_file_dst_dir() {
2752 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2753 let out = tmpdir.join("out");
2755 check!(File::create(&out));
2756 match fs::copy(&*out, tmpdir.path()) {
2757 Ok(..) => panic!(), Err(..) => {}
2762 fn copy_file_dst_exists() {
2763 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2764 let input = tmpdir.join("in");
2765 let output = tmpdir.join("out");
2767 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write("foo".as_bytes()));
2768 check!(check!(File::create(&output)).write("bar".as_bytes()));
2769 check!(fs::copy(&input, &output));
2771 let mut v = Vec::new();
2772 check!(check!(File::open(&output)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2773 assert_eq!(v, b"foo".to_vec());
2777 fn copy_file_src_dir() {
2778 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2779 let out = tmpdir.join("out");
2781 match fs::copy(tmpdir.path(), &out) {
2782 Ok(..) => panic!(), Err(..) => {}
2784 assert!(!out.exists());
2788 fn copy_file_preserves_perm_bits() {
2789 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2790 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2791 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2793 let attr = check!(check!(File::create(&input)).metadata());
2794 let mut p = attr.permissions();
2795 p.set_readonly(true);
2796 check!(fs::set_permissions(&input, p));
2797 check!(fs::copy(&input, &out));
2798 assert!(check!(out.metadata()).permissions().readonly());
2799 check!(fs::set_permissions(&input, attr.permissions()));
2800 check!(fs::set_permissions(&out, attr.permissions()));
2805 fn copy_file_preserves_streams() {
2807 check!(check!(File::create(tmp.join("in.txt:bunny"))).write("carrot".as_bytes()));
2808 assert_eq!(check!(fs::copy(tmp.join("in.txt"), tmp.join("out.txt"))), 0);
2809 assert_eq!(check!(tmp.join("out.txt").metadata()).len(), 0);
2810 let mut v = Vec::new();
2811 check!(check!(File::open(tmp.join("out.txt:bunny"))).read_to_end(&mut v));
2812 assert_eq!(v, b"carrot".to_vec());
2816 fn copy_file_returns_metadata_len() {
2818 let in_path = tmp.join("in.txt");
2819 let out_path = tmp.join("out.txt");
2820 check!(check!(File::create(&in_path)).write(b"lettuce"));
2822 check!(check!(File::create(tmp.join("in.txt:bunny"))).write(b"carrot"));
2823 let copied_len = check!(fs::copy(&in_path, &out_path));
2824 assert_eq!(check!(out_path.metadata()).len(), copied_len);
2828 fn symlinks_work() {
2829 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2830 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2832 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2833 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2835 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write("foobar".as_bytes()));
2836 check!(symlink_file(&input, &out));
2837 assert!(check!(out.symlink_metadata()).file_type().is_symlink());
2838 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&out)).len(),
2839 check!(fs::metadata(&input)).len());
2840 let mut v = Vec::new();
2841 check!(check!(File::open(&out)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2842 assert_eq!(v, b"foobar".to_vec());
2846 fn symlink_noexist() {
2847 // Symlinks can point to things that don't exist
2848 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2849 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2851 // Use a relative path for testing. Symlinks get normalized by Windows,
2852 // so we may not get the same path back for absolute paths
2853 check!(symlink_file(&"foo", &tmpdir.join("bar")));
2854 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(&tmpdir.join("bar"))).to_str().unwrap(),
2861 // directory symlink
2862 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(r"C:\Users\All Users")).to_str().unwrap(),
2865 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(r"C:\Users\Default User")).to_str().unwrap(),
2866 r"C:\Users\Default");
2867 // junction with special permissions
2868 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(r"C:\Documents and Settings\")).to_str().unwrap(),
2871 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2872 let link = tmpdir.join("link");
2873 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2874 check!(symlink_file(&"foo", &link));
2875 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(&link)).to_str().unwrap(), "foo");
2879 fn readlink_not_symlink() {
2880 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2881 match fs::read_link(tmpdir.path()) {
2882 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2889 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2890 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2891 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2893 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write("foobar".as_bytes()));
2894 check!(fs::hard_link(&input, &out));
2895 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&out)).len(),
2896 check!(fs::metadata(&input)).len());
2897 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&out)).len(),
2898 check!(input.metadata()).len());
2899 let mut v = Vec::new();
2900 check!(check!(File::open(&out)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2901 assert_eq!(v, b"foobar".to_vec());
2903 // can't link to yourself
2904 match fs::hard_link(&input, &input) {
2905 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2908 // can't link to something that doesn't exist
2909 match fs::hard_link(&tmpdir.join("foo"), &tmpdir.join("bar")) {
2910 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2917 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2918 let file = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2920 check!(File::create(&file));
2921 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&file));
2922 assert!(!attr.permissions().readonly());
2923 let mut p = attr.permissions();
2924 p.set_readonly(true);
2925 check!(fs::set_permissions(&file, p.clone()));
2926 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&file));
2927 assert!(attr.permissions().readonly());
2929 match fs::set_permissions(&tmpdir.join("foo"), p.clone()) {
2930 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted an error"),
2934 p.set_readonly(false);
2935 check!(fs::set_permissions(&file, p));
2940 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2941 let path = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2943 let file = check!(File::create(&path));
2944 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&path));
2945 assert!(!attr.permissions().readonly());
2946 let mut p = attr.permissions();
2947 p.set_readonly(true);
2948 check!(file.set_permissions(p.clone()));
2949 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&path));
2950 assert!(attr.permissions().readonly());
2952 p.set_readonly(false);
2953 check!(file.set_permissions(p));
2957 fn sync_doesnt_kill_anything() {
2958 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2959 let path = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2961 let mut file = check!(File::create(&path));
2962 check!(file.sync_all());
2963 check!(file.sync_data());
2964 check!(file.write(b"foo"));
2965 check!(file.sync_all());
2966 check!(file.sync_data());
2970 fn truncate_works() {
2971 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2972 let path = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2974 let mut file = check!(File::create(&path));
2975 check!(file.write(b"foo"));
2976 check!(file.sync_all());
2978 // Do some simple things with truncation
2979 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 3);
2980 check!(file.set_len(10));
2981 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 10);
2982 check!(file.write(b"bar"));
2983 check!(file.sync_all());
2984 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 10);
2986 let mut v = Vec::new();
2987 check!(check!(File::open(&path)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2988 assert_eq!(v, b"foobar\0\0\0\0".to_vec());
2990 // Truncate to a smaller length, don't seek, and then write something.
2991 // Ensure that the intermediate zeroes are all filled in (we have `seek`ed
2992 // past the end of the file).
2993 check!(file.set_len(2));
2994 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 2);
2995 check!(file.write(b"wut"));
2996 check!(file.sync_all());
2997 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 9);
2998 let mut v = Vec::new();
2999 check!(check!(File::open(&path)).read_to_end(&mut v));
3000 assert_eq!(v, b"fo\0\0\0\0wut".to_vec());
3005 use fs::OpenOptions as OO;
3006 fn c<T: Clone>(t: &T) -> T { t.clone() }
3008 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3010 let mut r = OO::new(); r.read(true);
3011 let mut w = OO::new(); w.write(true);
3012 let mut rw = OO::new(); rw.read(true).write(true);
3013 let mut a = OO::new(); a.append(true);
3014 let mut ra = OO::new(); ra.read(true).append(true);
3017 let invalid_options = 87; // ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
3019 let invalid_options = "Invalid argument";
3021 // Test various combinations of creation modes and access modes.
3024 // creation mode | read | write | read-write | append | read-append |
3025 // :-----------------------|:-----:|:-----:|:----------:|:------:|:-----------:|
3026 // not set (open existing) | X | X | X | X | X |
3027 // create | | X | X | X | X |
3028 // truncate | | X | X | | |
3029 // create and truncate | | X | X | | |
3030 // create_new | | X | X | X | X |
3032 // tested in reverse order, so 'create_new' creates the file, and 'open existing' opens it.
3035 check!(c(&w).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
3036 check!(c(&w).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
3037 check!(c(&w).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
3038 check!(c(&w).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
3039 check!(c(&w).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
3042 error!(c(&r).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
3043 error!(c(&r).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
3044 error!(c(&r).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
3045 error!(c(&r).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
3046 check!(c(&r).open(&tmpdir.join("a"))); // try opening the file created with write_only
3049 check!(c(&rw).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
3050 check!(c(&rw).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
3051 check!(c(&rw).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
3052 check!(c(&rw).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
3053 check!(c(&rw).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
3056 check!(c(&a).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")));
3057 error!(c(&a).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")), invalid_options);
3058 error!(c(&a).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")), invalid_options);
3059 check!(c(&a).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")));
3060 check!(c(&a).open(&tmpdir.join("d")));
3063 check!(c(&ra).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")));
3064 error!(c(&ra).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")), invalid_options);
3065 error!(c(&ra).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")), invalid_options);
3066 check!(c(&ra).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")));
3067 check!(c(&ra).open(&tmpdir.join("e")));
3069 // Test opening a file without setting an access mode
3070 let mut blank = OO::new();
3071 error!(blank.create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("f")), invalid_options);
3074 check!(check!(File::create(&tmpdir.join("h"))).write("foobar".as_bytes()));
3076 // Test write fails for read-only
3077 check!(r.open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3079 let mut f = check!(r.open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3080 assert!(f.write("wut".as_bytes()).is_err());
3083 // Test write overwrites
3085 let mut f = check!(c(&w).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3086 check!(f.write("baz".as_bytes()));
3089 let mut f = check!(c(&r).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3090 let mut b = vec![0; 6];
3091 check!(f.read(&mut b));
3092 assert_eq!(b, "bazbar".as_bytes());
3095 // Test truncate works
3097 let mut f = check!(c(&w).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3098 check!(f.write("foo".as_bytes()));
3100 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 3);
3102 // Test append works
3103 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 3);
3105 let mut f = check!(c(&a).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3106 check!(f.write("bar".as_bytes()));
3108 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 6);
3110 // Test .append(true) equals .write(true).append(true)
3112 let mut f = check!(c(&w).append(true).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3113 check!(f.write("baz".as_bytes()));
3115 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 9);
3119 fn _assert_send_sync() {
3120 fn _assert_send_sync<T: Send + Sync>() {}
3121 _assert_send_sync::<OpenOptions>();
3126 let mut bytes = [0; 1024];
3127 StdRng::from_entropy().fill_bytes(&mut bytes);
3129 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3131 check!(check!(File::create(&tmpdir.join("test"))).write(&bytes));
3132 let mut v = Vec::new();
3133 check!(check!(File::open(&tmpdir.join("test"))).read_to_end(&mut v));
3134 assert!(v == &bytes[..]);
3138 fn write_then_read() {
3139 let mut bytes = [0; 1024];
3140 StdRng::from_entropy().fill_bytes(&mut bytes);
3142 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3144 check!(fs::write(&tmpdir.join("test"), &bytes[..]));
3145 let v = check!(fs::read(&tmpdir.join("test")));
3146 assert!(v == &bytes[..]);
3148 check!(fs::write(&tmpdir.join("not-utf8"), &[0xFF]));
3149 error_contains!(fs::read_to_string(&tmpdir.join("not-utf8")),
3150 "stream did not contain valid UTF-8");
3153 check!(fs::write(&tmpdir.join("utf8"), s.as_bytes()));
3154 let string = check!(fs::read_to_string(&tmpdir.join("utf8")));
3155 assert_eq!(string, s);
3159 fn file_try_clone() {
3160 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3162 let mut f1 = check!(OpenOptions::new()
3166 .open(&tmpdir.join("test")));
3167 let mut f2 = check!(f1.try_clone());
3169 check!(f1.write_all(b"hello world"));
3170 check!(f1.seek(SeekFrom::Start(2)));
3172 let mut buf = vec![];
3173 check!(f2.read_to_end(&mut buf));
3174 assert_eq!(buf, b"llo world");
3177 check!(f1.write_all(b"!"));
3181 #[cfg(not(windows))]
3182 fn unlink_readonly() {
3183 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3184 let path = tmpdir.join("file");
3185 check!(File::create(&path));
3186 let mut perm = check!(fs::metadata(&path)).permissions();
3187 perm.set_readonly(true);
3188 check!(fs::set_permissions(&path, perm));
3189 check!(fs::remove_file(&path));
3193 fn mkdir_trailing_slash() {
3194 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3195 let path = tmpdir.join("file");
3196 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&path.join("a/")));
3200 fn canonicalize_works_simple() {
3201 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3202 let tmpdir = fs::canonicalize(tmpdir.path()).unwrap();
3203 let file = tmpdir.join("test");
3204 File::create(&file).unwrap();
3205 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&file).unwrap(), file);
3209 fn realpath_works() {
3210 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3211 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
3213 let tmpdir = fs::canonicalize(tmpdir.path()).unwrap();
3214 let file = tmpdir.join("test");
3215 let dir = tmpdir.join("test2");
3216 let link = dir.join("link");
3217 let linkdir = tmpdir.join("test3");
3219 File::create(&file).unwrap();
3220 fs::create_dir(&dir).unwrap();
3221 symlink_file(&file, &link).unwrap();
3222 symlink_dir(&dir, &linkdir).unwrap();
3224 assert!(link.symlink_metadata().unwrap().file_type().is_symlink());
3226 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&tmpdir).unwrap(), tmpdir);
3227 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&file).unwrap(), file);
3228 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&link).unwrap(), file);
3229 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&linkdir).unwrap(), dir);
3230 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&linkdir.join("link")).unwrap(), file);
3234 fn realpath_works_tricky() {
3235 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3236 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
3238 let tmpdir = fs::canonicalize(tmpdir.path()).unwrap();
3239 let a = tmpdir.join("a");
3240 let b = a.join("b");
3241 let c = b.join("c");
3242 let d = a.join("d");
3243 let e = d.join("e");
3244 let f = a.join("f");
3246 fs::create_dir_all(&b).unwrap();
3247 fs::create_dir_all(&d).unwrap();
3248 File::create(&f).unwrap();
3249 if cfg!(not(windows)) {
3250 symlink_dir("../d/e", &c).unwrap();
3251 symlink_file("../f", &e).unwrap();
3254 symlink_dir(r"..\d\e", &c).unwrap();
3255 symlink_file(r"..\f", &e).unwrap();
3258 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&c).unwrap(), f);
3259 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&e).unwrap(), f);
3263 fn dir_entry_methods() {
3264 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3266 fs::create_dir_all(&tmpdir.join("a")).unwrap();
3267 File::create(&tmpdir.join("b")).unwrap();
3269 for file in tmpdir.path().read_dir().unwrap().map(|f| f.unwrap()) {
3270 let fname = file.file_name();
3271 match fname.to_str() {
3273 assert!(file.file_type().unwrap().is_dir());
3274 assert!(file.metadata().unwrap().is_dir());
3277 assert!(file.file_type().unwrap().is_file());
3278 assert!(file.metadata().unwrap().is_file());
3280 f => panic!("unknown file name: {:?}", f),
3286 fn dir_entry_debug() {
3287 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3288 File::create(&tmpdir.join("b")).unwrap();
3289 let mut read_dir = tmpdir.path().read_dir().unwrap();
3290 let dir_entry = read_dir.next().unwrap().unwrap();
3291 let actual = format!("{:?}", dir_entry);
3292 let expected = format!("DirEntry({:?})", dir_entry.0.path());
3293 assert_eq!(actual, expected);
3297 fn read_dir_not_found() {
3298 let res = fs::read_dir("/path/that/does/not/exist");
3299 assert_eq!(res.err().unwrap().kind(), ErrorKind::NotFound);
3303 fn create_dir_all_with_junctions() {
3304 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3305 let target = tmpdir.join("target");
3307 let junction = tmpdir.join("junction");
3308 let b = junction.join("a/b");
3310 let link = tmpdir.join("link");
3311 let d = link.join("c/d");
3313 fs::create_dir(&target).unwrap();
3315 check!(symlink_junction(&target, &junction));
3316 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&b));
3317 // the junction itself is not a directory, but `is_dir()` on a Path
3319 assert!(junction.is_dir());
3320 assert!(b.exists());
3322 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
3323 check!(symlink_dir(&target, &link));
3324 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&d));
3325 assert!(link.is_dir());
3326 assert!(d.exists());
3330 fn metadata_access_times() {
3331 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3333 let b = tmpdir.join("b");
3334 File::create(&b).unwrap();
3336 let a = check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.path()));
3337 let b = check!(fs::metadata(&b));
3339 assert_eq!(check!(a.accessed()), check!(a.accessed()));
3340 assert_eq!(check!(a.modified()), check!(a.modified()));
3341 assert_eq!(check!(b.accessed()), check!(b.modified()));
3343 if cfg!(target_os = "macos") || cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
3344 check!(a.created());
3345 check!(b.created());