1 // Copyright 2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
2 // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
3 // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
5 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
6 // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
7 // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
8 // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
9 // except according to those terms.
11 //! Filesystem manipulation operations.
13 //! This module contains basic methods to manipulate the contents of the local
14 //! filesystem. All methods in this module represent cross-platform filesystem
15 //! operations. Extra platform-specific functionality can be found in the
16 //! extension traits of `std::os::$platform`.
18 #![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
22 use io::{self, SeekFrom, Seek, Read, Initializer, Write};
23 use path::{Path, PathBuf};
24 use sys::fs as fs_imp;
25 use sys_common::{AsInnerMut, FromInner, AsInner, IntoInner};
28 /// A reference to an open file on the filesystem.
30 /// An instance of a `File` can be read and/or written depending on what options
31 /// it was opened with. Files also implement `Seek` to alter the logical cursor
32 /// that the file contains internally.
34 /// Files are automatically closed when they go out of scope.
38 /// Create a new file and write bytes to it:
41 /// use std::fs::File;
42 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
44 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
45 /// let mut file = File::create("foo.txt")?;
46 /// file.write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
51 /// Read the contents of a file into a `String`:
54 /// use std::fs::File;
55 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
57 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
58 /// let mut file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
59 /// let mut contents = String::new();
60 /// file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
61 /// assert_eq!(contents, "Hello, world!");
66 /// It can be more efficient to read the contents of a file with a buffered
67 /// [`Read`]er. This can be accomplished with [`BufReader<R>`]:
70 /// use std::fs::File;
71 /// use std::io::BufReader;
72 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
74 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
75 /// let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
76 /// let mut buf_reader = BufReader::new(file);
77 /// let mut contents = String::new();
78 /// buf_reader.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
79 /// assert_eq!(contents, "Hello, world!");
84 /// [`Read`]: ../io/trait.Read.html
85 /// [`BufReader<R>`]: ../io/struct.BufReader.html
86 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
91 /// Metadata information about a file.
93 /// This structure is returned from the [`metadata`] or
94 /// [`symlink_metadata`] function or method and represents known
95 /// metadata about a file such as its permissions, size, modification
98 /// [`metadata`]: fn.metadata.html
99 /// [`symlink_metadata`]: fn.symlink_metadata.html
100 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
102 pub struct Metadata(fs_imp::FileAttr);
104 /// Iterator over the entries in a directory.
106 /// This iterator is returned from the [`read_dir`] function of this module and
107 /// will yield instances of `io::Result<DirEntry>`. Through a [`DirEntry`]
108 /// information like the entry's path and possibly other metadata can be
111 /// [`read_dir`]: fn.read_dir.html
112 /// [`DirEntry`]: struct.DirEntry.html
116 /// This [`io::Result`] will be an `Err` if there's some sort of intermittent
117 /// IO error during iteration.
119 /// [`io::Result`]: ../io/type.Result.html
120 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
122 pub struct ReadDir(fs_imp::ReadDir);
124 /// Entries returned by the [`ReadDir`] iterator.
126 /// [`ReadDir`]: struct.ReadDir.html
128 /// An instance of `DirEntry` represents an entry inside of a directory on the
129 /// filesystem. Each entry can be inspected via methods to learn about the full
130 /// path or possibly other metadata through per-platform extension traits.
131 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
132 pub struct DirEntry(fs_imp::DirEntry);
134 /// Options and flags which can be used to configure how a file is opened.
136 /// This builder exposes the ability to configure how a [`File`] is opened and
137 /// what operations are permitted on the open file. The [`File::open`] and
138 /// [`File::create`] methods are aliases for commonly used options using this
141 /// [`File`]: struct.File.html
142 /// [`File::open`]: struct.File.html#method.open
143 /// [`File::create`]: struct.File.html#method.create
145 /// Generally speaking, when using `OpenOptions`, you'll first call [`new`],
146 /// then chain calls to methods to set each option, then call [`open`],
147 /// passing the path of the file you're trying to open. This will give you a
148 /// [`io::Result`][result] with a [`File`][file] inside that you can further
151 /// [`new`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.new
152 /// [`open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
153 /// [result]: ../io/type.Result.html
154 /// [file]: struct.File.html
158 /// Opening a file to read:
161 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
163 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().read(true).open("foo.txt");
166 /// Opening a file for both reading and writing, as well as creating it if it
170 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
172 /// let file = OpenOptions::new()
176 /// .open("foo.txt");
178 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
179 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
180 pub struct OpenOptions(fs_imp::OpenOptions);
182 /// Representation of the various permissions on a file.
184 /// This module only currently provides one bit of information, [`readonly`],
185 /// which is exposed on all currently supported platforms. Unix-specific
186 /// functionality, such as mode bits, is available through the
187 /// `os::unix::PermissionsExt` trait.
189 /// [`readonly`]: struct.Permissions.html#method.readonly
190 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
191 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
192 pub struct Permissions(fs_imp::FilePermissions);
194 /// A structure representing a type of file with accessors for each file type.
195 /// It is returned by [`Metadata::file_type`] method.
197 /// [`Metadata::file_type`]: struct.Metadata.html#method.file_type
198 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
199 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
200 pub struct FileType(fs_imp::FileType);
202 /// A builder used to create directories in various manners.
204 /// This builder also supports platform-specific options.
205 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
207 pub struct DirBuilder {
208 inner: fs_imp::DirBuilder,
213 /// Attempts to open a file in read-only mode.
215 /// See the [`OpenOptions::open`] method for more details.
219 /// This function will return an error if `path` does not already exist.
220 /// Other errors may also be returned according to [`OpenOptions::open`].
222 /// [`OpenOptions::open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
227 /// use std::fs::File;
229 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
230 /// let mut f = File::open("foo.txt")?;
234 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
235 pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<File> {
236 OpenOptions::new().read(true).open(path.as_ref())
239 /// Opens a file in write-only mode.
241 /// This function will create a file if it does not exist,
242 /// and will truncate it if it does.
244 /// See the [`OpenOptions::open`] function for more details.
246 /// [`OpenOptions::open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
251 /// use std::fs::File;
253 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
254 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
258 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
259 pub fn create<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<File> {
260 OpenOptions::new().write(true).create(true).truncate(true).open(path.as_ref())
263 /// Attempts to sync all OS-internal metadata to disk.
265 /// This function will attempt to ensure that all in-core data reaches the
266 /// filesystem before returning.
271 /// use std::fs::File;
272 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
274 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
275 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
276 /// f.write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
282 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
283 pub fn sync_all(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
287 /// This function is similar to [`sync_all`], except that it may not
288 /// synchronize file metadata to the filesystem.
290 /// This is intended for use cases that must synchronize content, but don't
291 /// need the metadata on disk. The goal of this method is to reduce disk
294 /// Note that some platforms may simply implement this in terms of
297 /// [`sync_all`]: struct.File.html#method.sync_all
302 /// use std::fs::File;
303 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
305 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
306 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
307 /// f.write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
313 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
314 pub fn sync_data(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
315 self.inner.datasync()
318 /// Truncates or extends the underlying file, updating the size of
319 /// this file to become `size`.
321 /// If the `size` is less than the current file's size, then the file will
322 /// be shrunk. If it is greater than the current file's size, then the file
323 /// will be extended to `size` and have all of the intermediate data filled
328 /// This function will return an error if the file is not opened for writing.
333 /// use std::fs::File;
335 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
336 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
341 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
342 pub fn set_len(&self, size: u64) -> io::Result<()> {
343 self.inner.truncate(size)
346 /// Queries metadata about the underlying file.
351 /// use std::fs::File;
353 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
354 /// let mut f = File::open("foo.txt")?;
355 /// let metadata = f.metadata()?;
359 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
360 pub fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
361 self.inner.file_attr().map(Metadata)
364 /// Creates a new independently owned handle to the underlying file.
366 /// The returned `File` is a reference to the same state that this object
367 /// references. Both handles will read and write with the same cursor
373 /// use std::fs::File;
375 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
376 /// let mut f = File::open("foo.txt")?;
377 /// let file_copy = f.try_clone()?;
381 #[stable(feature = "file_try_clone", since = "1.9.0")]
382 pub fn try_clone(&self) -> io::Result<File> {
384 inner: self.inner.duplicate()?
388 /// Changes the permissions on the underlying file.
390 /// # Platform-specific behavior
392 /// This function currently corresponds to the `fchmod` function on Unix and
393 /// the `SetFileInformationByHandle` function on Windows. Note that, this
394 /// [may change in the future][changes].
396 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
400 /// This function will return an error if the user lacks permission change
401 /// attributes on the underlying file. It may also return an error in other
402 /// os-specific unspecified cases.
407 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
408 /// use std::fs::File;
410 /// let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
411 /// let mut perms = file.metadata()?.permissions();
412 /// perms.set_readonly(true);
413 /// file.set_permissions(perms)?;
417 #[stable(feature = "set_permissions_atomic", since = "1.16.0")]
418 pub fn set_permissions(&self, perm: Permissions) -> io::Result<()> {
419 self.inner.set_permissions(perm.0)
423 impl AsInner<fs_imp::File> for File {
424 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::File { &self.inner }
426 impl FromInner<fs_imp::File> for File {
427 fn from_inner(f: fs_imp::File) -> File {
431 impl IntoInner<fs_imp::File> for File {
432 fn into_inner(self) -> fs_imp::File {
437 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
438 impl fmt::Debug for File {
439 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
444 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
446 fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
451 unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer {
455 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
456 impl Write for File {
457 fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
458 self.inner.write(buf)
460 fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> { self.inner.flush() }
462 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
464 fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
468 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
469 impl<'a> Read for &'a File {
470 fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
475 unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer {
479 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
480 impl<'a> Write for &'a File {
481 fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
482 self.inner.write(buf)
484 fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> { self.inner.flush() }
486 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
487 impl<'a> Seek for &'a File {
488 fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
494 /// Creates a blank new set of options ready for configuration.
496 /// All options are initially set to `false`.
501 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
503 /// let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
504 /// let file = options.read(true).open("foo.txt");
506 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
507 pub fn new() -> OpenOptions {
508 OpenOptions(fs_imp::OpenOptions::new())
511 /// Sets the option for read access.
513 /// This option, when true, will indicate that the file should be
514 /// `read`-able if opened.
519 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
521 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().read(true).open("foo.txt");
523 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
524 pub fn read(&mut self, read: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
525 self.0.read(read); self
528 /// Sets the option for write access.
530 /// This option, when true, will indicate that the file should be
531 /// `write`-able if opened.
533 /// If the file already exists, any write calls on it will overwrite its
534 /// contents, without truncating it.
539 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
541 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).open("foo.txt");
543 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
544 pub fn write(&mut self, write: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
545 self.0.write(write); self
548 /// Sets the option for the append mode.
550 /// This option, when true, means that writes will append to a file instead
551 /// of overwriting previous contents.
552 /// Note that setting `.write(true).append(true)` has the same effect as
553 /// setting only `.append(true)`.
555 /// For most filesystems, the operating system guarantees that all writes are
556 /// atomic: no writes get mangled because another process writes at the same
559 /// One maybe obvious note when using append-mode: make sure that all data
560 /// that belongs together is written to the file in one operation. This
561 /// can be done by concatenating strings before passing them to `write()`,
562 /// or using a buffered writer (with a buffer of adequate size),
563 /// and calling `flush()` when the message is complete.
565 /// If a file is opened with both read and append access, beware that after
566 /// opening, and after every write, the position for reading may be set at the
567 /// end of the file. So, before writing, save the current position (using
568 /// `seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))`, and restore it before the next read.
573 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
575 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().append(true).open("foo.txt");
577 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
578 pub fn append(&mut self, append: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
579 self.0.append(append); self
582 /// Sets the option for truncating a previous file.
584 /// If a file is successfully opened with this option set it will truncate
585 /// the file to 0 length if it already exists.
587 /// The file must be opened with write access for truncate to work.
592 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
594 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).truncate(true).open("foo.txt");
596 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
597 pub fn truncate(&mut self, truncate: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
598 self.0.truncate(truncate); self
601 /// Sets the option for creating a new file.
603 /// This option indicates whether a new file will be created if the file
604 /// does not yet already exist.
606 /// In order for the file to be created, `write` or `append` access must
612 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
614 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).create(true).open("foo.txt");
616 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
617 pub fn create(&mut self, create: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
618 self.0.create(create); self
621 /// Sets the option to always create a new file.
623 /// This option indicates whether a new file will be created.
624 /// No file is allowed to exist at the target location, also no (dangling)
627 /// This option is useful because it is atomic. Otherwise between checking
628 /// whether a file exists and creating a new one, the file may have been
629 /// created by another process (a TOCTOU race condition / attack).
631 /// If `.create_new(true)` is set, `.create()` and `.truncate()` are
634 /// The file must be opened with write or append access in order to create
640 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
642 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true)
643 /// .create_new(true)
644 /// .open("foo.txt");
646 #[stable(feature = "expand_open_options2", since = "1.9.0")]
647 pub fn create_new(&mut self, create_new: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
648 self.0.create_new(create_new); self
651 /// Opens a file at `path` with the options specified by `self`.
655 /// This function will return an error under a number of different
656 /// circumstances. Some of these error conditions are listed here, together
657 /// with their [`ErrorKind`]. The mapping to [`ErrorKind`]s is not part of
658 /// the compatiblity contract of the function, especially the `Other` kind
659 /// might change to more specific kinds in the future.
661 /// * [`NotFound`]: The specified file does not exist and neither `create`
662 /// or `create_new` is set.
663 /// * [`NotFound`]: One of the directory components of the file path does
665 /// * [`PermissionDenied`]: The user lacks permission to get the specified
666 /// access rights for the file.
667 /// * [`PermissionDenied`]: The user lacks permission to open one of the
668 /// directory components of the specified path.
669 /// * [`AlreadyExists`]: `create_new` was specified and the file already
671 /// * [`InvalidInput`]: Invalid combinations of open options (truncate
672 /// without write access, no access mode set, etc.).
673 /// * [`Other`]: One of the directory components of the specified file path
674 /// was not, in fact, a directory.
675 /// * [`Other`]: Filesystem-level errors: full disk, write permission
676 /// requested on a read-only file system, exceeded disk quota, too many
677 /// open files, too long filename, too many symbolic links in the
678 /// specified path (Unix-like systems only), etc.
683 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
685 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().open("foo.txt");
688 /// [`ErrorKind`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html
689 /// [`AlreadyExists`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.AlreadyExists
690 /// [`InvalidInput`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.InvalidInput
691 /// [`NotFound`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.NotFound
692 /// [`Other`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.Other
693 /// [`PermissionDenied`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.PermissionDenied
694 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
695 pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<File> {
696 self._open(path.as_ref())
699 fn _open(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<File> {
700 let inner = fs_imp::File::open(path, &self.0)?;
701 Ok(File { inner: inner })
705 impl AsInnerMut<fs_imp::OpenOptions> for OpenOptions {
706 fn as_inner_mut(&mut self) -> &mut fs_imp::OpenOptions { &mut self.0 }
710 /// Returns the file type for this metadata.
715 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
718 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
720 /// println!("{:?}", metadata.file_type());
724 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
725 pub fn file_type(&self) -> FileType {
726 FileType(self.0.file_type())
729 /// Returns whether this metadata is for a directory.
734 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
737 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
739 /// assert!(!metadata.is_dir());
743 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
744 pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool { self.file_type().is_dir() }
746 /// Returns whether this metadata is for a regular file.
751 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
754 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
756 /// assert!(metadata.is_file());
760 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
761 pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool { self.file_type().is_file() }
763 /// Returns the size of the file, in bytes, this metadata is for.
768 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
771 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
773 /// assert_eq!(0, metadata.len());
777 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
778 pub fn len(&self) -> u64 { self.0.size() }
780 /// Returns the permissions of the file this metadata is for.
785 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
788 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
790 /// assert!(!metadata.permissions().readonly());
794 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
795 pub fn permissions(&self) -> Permissions {
796 Permissions(self.0.perm())
799 /// Returns the last modification time listed in this metadata.
801 /// The returned value corresponds to the `mtime` field of `stat` on Unix
802 /// platforms and the `ftLastWriteTime` field on Windows platforms.
806 /// This field may not be available on all platforms, and will return an
807 /// `Err` on platforms where it is not available.
812 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
815 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
817 /// if let Ok(time) = metadata.modified() {
818 /// println!("{:?}", time);
820 /// println!("Not supported on this platform");
825 #[stable(feature = "fs_time", since = "1.10.0")]
826 pub fn modified(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
827 self.0.modified().map(FromInner::from_inner)
830 /// Returns the last access time of this metadata.
832 /// The returned value corresponds to the `atime` field of `stat` on Unix
833 /// platforms and the `ftLastAccessTime` field on Windows platforms.
835 /// Note that not all platforms will keep this field update in a file's
836 /// metadata, for example Windows has an option to disable updating this
837 /// time when files are accessed and Linux similarly has `noatime`.
841 /// This field may not be available on all platforms, and will return an
842 /// `Err` on platforms where it is not available.
847 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
850 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
852 /// if let Ok(time) = metadata.accessed() {
853 /// println!("{:?}", time);
855 /// println!("Not supported on this platform");
860 #[stable(feature = "fs_time", since = "1.10.0")]
861 pub fn accessed(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
862 self.0.accessed().map(FromInner::from_inner)
865 /// Returns the creation time listed in the this metadata.
867 /// The returned value corresponds to the `birthtime` field of `stat` on
868 /// Unix platforms and the `ftCreationTime` field on Windows platforms.
872 /// This field may not be available on all platforms, and will return an
873 /// `Err` on platforms where it is not available.
878 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
881 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
883 /// if let Ok(time) = metadata.created() {
884 /// println!("{:?}", time);
886 /// println!("Not supported on this platform");
891 #[stable(feature = "fs_time", since = "1.10.0")]
892 pub fn created(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
893 self.0.created().map(FromInner::from_inner)
897 #[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
898 impl fmt::Debug for Metadata {
899 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
900 f.debug_struct("Metadata")
901 .field("file_type", &self.file_type())
902 .field("is_dir", &self.is_dir())
903 .field("is_file", &self.is_file())
904 .field("permissions", &self.permissions())
905 .field("modified", &self.modified())
906 .field("accessed", &self.accessed())
907 .field("created", &self.created())
912 impl AsInner<fs_imp::FileAttr> for Metadata {
913 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::FileAttr { &self.0 }
917 /// Returns whether these permissions describe a readonly file.
922 /// use std::fs::File;
924 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
925 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
926 /// let metadata = f.metadata()?;
928 /// assert_eq!(false, metadata.permissions().readonly());
932 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
933 pub fn readonly(&self) -> bool { self.0.readonly() }
935 /// Modifies the readonly flag for this set of permissions.
937 /// This operation does **not** modify the filesystem. To modify the
938 /// filesystem use the `fs::set_permissions` function.
943 /// use std::fs::File;
945 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
946 /// let f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
947 /// let metadata = f.metadata()?;
948 /// let mut permissions = metadata.permissions();
950 /// permissions.set_readonly(true);
952 /// // filesystem doesn't change
953 /// assert_eq!(false, metadata.permissions().readonly());
955 /// // just this particular `permissions`.
956 /// assert_eq!(true, permissions.readonly());
960 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
961 pub fn set_readonly(&mut self, readonly: bool) {
962 self.0.set_readonly(readonly)
967 /// Test whether this file type represents a directory.
972 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
975 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
976 /// let file_type = metadata.file_type();
978 /// assert_eq!(file_type.is_dir(), false);
982 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
983 pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_dir() }
985 /// Test whether this file type represents a regular file.
990 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
993 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
994 /// let file_type = metadata.file_type();
996 /// assert_eq!(file_type.is_file(), true);
1000 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
1001 pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_file() }
1003 /// Test whether this file type represents a symbolic link.
1005 /// The underlying [`Metadata`] struct needs to be retrieved
1006 /// with the [`fs::symlink_metadata`] function and not the
1007 /// [`fs::metadata`] function. The [`fs::metadata`] function
1008 /// follows symbolic links, so [`is_symlink`] would always
1009 /// return false for the target file.
1011 /// [`Metadata`]: struct.Metadata.html
1012 /// [`fs::metadata`]: fn.metadata.html
1013 /// [`fs::symlink_metadata`]: fn.symlink_metadata.html
1014 /// [`is_symlink`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_symlink
1019 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1022 /// let metadata = fs::symlink_metadata("foo.txt")?;
1023 /// let file_type = metadata.file_type();
1025 /// assert_eq!(file_type.is_symlink(), false);
1029 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
1030 pub fn is_symlink(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_symlink() }
1033 impl AsInner<fs_imp::FileType> for FileType {
1034 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::FileType { &self.0 }
1037 impl FromInner<fs_imp::FilePermissions> for Permissions {
1038 fn from_inner(f: fs_imp::FilePermissions) -> Permissions {
1043 impl AsInner<fs_imp::FilePermissions> for Permissions {
1044 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::FilePermissions { &self.0 }
1047 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1048 impl Iterator for ReadDir {
1049 type Item = io::Result<DirEntry>;
1051 fn next(&mut self) -> Option<io::Result<DirEntry>> {
1052 self.0.next().map(|entry| entry.map(DirEntry))
1057 /// Returns the full path to the file that this entry represents.
1059 /// The full path is created by joining the original path to `read_dir`
1060 /// with the filename of this entry.
1066 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1067 /// for entry in fs::read_dir(".")? {
1068 /// let dir = entry?;
1069 /// println!("{:?}", dir.path());
1075 /// This prints output like:
1078 /// "./whatever.txt"
1080 /// "./hello_world.rs"
1083 /// The exact text, of course, depends on what files you have in `.`.
1084 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1085 pub fn path(&self) -> PathBuf { self.0.path() }
1087 /// Return the metadata for the file that this entry points at.
1089 /// This function will not traverse symlinks if this entry points at a
1092 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1094 /// On Windows this function is cheap to call (no extra system calls
1095 /// needed), but on Unix platforms this function is the equivalent of
1096 /// calling `symlink_metadata` on the path.
1103 /// if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(".") {
1104 /// for entry in entries {
1105 /// if let Ok(entry) = entry {
1106 /// // Here, `entry` is a `DirEntry`.
1107 /// if let Ok(metadata) = entry.metadata() {
1108 /// // Now let's show our entry's permissions!
1109 /// println!("{:?}: {:?}", entry.path(), metadata.permissions());
1111 /// println!("Couldn't get metadata for {:?}", entry.path());
1117 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
1118 pub fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
1119 self.0.metadata().map(Metadata)
1122 /// Return the file type for the file that this entry points at.
1124 /// This function will not traverse symlinks if this entry points at a
1127 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1129 /// On Windows and most Unix platforms this function is free (no extra
1130 /// system calls needed), but some Unix platforms may require the equivalent
1131 /// call to `symlink_metadata` to learn about the target file type.
1138 /// if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(".") {
1139 /// for entry in entries {
1140 /// if let Ok(entry) = entry {
1141 /// // Here, `entry` is a `DirEntry`.
1142 /// if let Ok(file_type) = entry.file_type() {
1143 /// // Now let's show our entry's file type!
1144 /// println!("{:?}: {:?}", entry.path(), file_type);
1146 /// println!("Couldn't get file type for {:?}", entry.path());
1152 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
1153 pub fn file_type(&self) -> io::Result<FileType> {
1154 self.0.file_type().map(FileType)
1157 /// Returns the bare file name of this directory entry without any other
1158 /// leading path component.
1165 /// if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(".") {
1166 /// for entry in entries {
1167 /// if let Ok(entry) = entry {
1168 /// // Here, `entry` is a `DirEntry`.
1169 /// println!("{:?}", entry.file_name());
1174 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
1175 pub fn file_name(&self) -> OsString {
1180 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_debug", since = "1.13.0")]
1181 impl fmt::Debug for DirEntry {
1182 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
1183 f.debug_tuple("DirEntry")
1184 .field(&self.path())
1189 impl AsInner<fs_imp::DirEntry> for DirEntry {
1190 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::DirEntry { &self.0 }
1193 /// Removes a file from the filesystem.
1195 /// Note that there is no
1196 /// guarantee that the file is immediately deleted (e.g. depending on
1197 /// platform, other open file descriptors may prevent immediate removal).
1199 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1201 /// This function currently corresponds to the `unlink` function on Unix
1202 /// and the `DeleteFile` function on Windows.
1203 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1205 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1209 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1210 /// limited to just these cases:
1212 /// * `path` points to a directory.
1213 /// * The user lacks permissions to remove the file.
1220 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1221 /// fs::remove_file("a.txt")?;
1225 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1226 pub fn remove_file<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1227 fs_imp::unlink(path.as_ref())
1230 /// Given a path, query the file system to get information about a file,
1233 /// This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the
1234 /// destination file.
1236 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1238 /// This function currently corresponds to the `stat` function on Unix
1239 /// and the `GetFileAttributesEx` function on Windows.
1240 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1242 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1246 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1247 /// limited to just these cases:
1249 /// * The user lacks permissions to perform `metadata` call on `path`.
1250 /// * `path` does not exist.
1255 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1258 /// let attr = fs::metadata("/some/file/path.txt")?;
1259 /// // inspect attr ...
1263 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1264 pub fn metadata<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
1265 fs_imp::stat(path.as_ref()).map(Metadata)
1268 /// Query the metadata about a file without following symlinks.
1270 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1272 /// This function currently corresponds to the `lstat` function on Unix
1273 /// and the `GetFileAttributesEx` function on Windows.
1274 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1276 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1280 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1281 /// limited to just these cases:
1283 /// * The user lacks permissions to perform `metadata` call on `path`.
1284 /// * `path` does not exist.
1289 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1292 /// let attr = fs::symlink_metadata("/some/file/path.txt")?;
1293 /// // inspect attr ...
1297 #[stable(feature = "symlink_metadata", since = "1.1.0")]
1298 pub fn symlink_metadata<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
1299 fs_imp::lstat(path.as_ref()).map(Metadata)
1302 /// Rename a file or directory to a new name, replacing the original file if
1303 /// `to` already exists.
1305 /// This will not work if the new name is on a different mount point.
1307 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1309 /// This function currently corresponds to the `rename` function on Unix
1310 /// and the `MoveFileEx` function with the `MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING` flag on Windows.
1312 /// Because of this, the behavior when both `from` and `to` exist differs. On
1313 /// Unix, if `from` is a directory, `to` must also be an (empty) directory. If
1314 /// `from` is not a directory, `to` must also be not a directory. In contrast,
1315 /// on Windows, `from` can be anything, but `to` must *not* be a directory.
1317 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1319 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1323 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1324 /// limited to just these cases:
1326 /// * `from` does not exist.
1327 /// * The user lacks permissions to view contents.
1328 /// * `from` and `to` are on separate filesystems.
1335 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1336 /// fs::rename("a.txt", "b.txt")?; // Rename a.txt to b.txt
1340 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1341 pub fn rename<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(from: P, to: Q) -> io::Result<()> {
1342 fs_imp::rename(from.as_ref(), to.as_ref())
1345 /// Copies the contents of one file to another. This function will also
1346 /// copy the permission bits of the original file to the destination file.
1348 /// This function will **overwrite** the contents of `to`.
1350 /// Note that if `from` and `to` both point to the same file, then the file
1351 /// will likely get truncated by this operation.
1353 /// On success, the total number of bytes copied is returned.
1355 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1357 /// This function currently corresponds to the `open` function in Unix
1358 /// with `O_RDONLY` for `from` and `O_WRONLY`, `O_CREAT`, and `O_TRUNC` for `to`.
1359 /// `O_CLOEXEC` is set for returned file descriptors.
1360 /// On Windows, this function currently corresponds to `CopyFileEx`.
1361 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1363 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1367 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1368 /// limited to just these cases:
1370 /// * The `from` path is not a file.
1371 /// * The `from` file does not exist.
1372 /// * The current process does not have the permission rights to access
1373 /// `from` or write `to`.
1380 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1381 /// fs::copy("foo.txt", "bar.txt")?; // Copy foo.txt to bar.txt
1384 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1385 pub fn copy<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(from: P, to: Q) -> io::Result<u64> {
1386 fs_imp::copy(from.as_ref(), to.as_ref())
1389 /// Creates a new hard link on the filesystem.
1391 /// The `dst` path will be a link pointing to the `src` path. Note that systems
1392 /// often require these two paths to both be located on the same filesystem.
1394 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1396 /// This function currently corresponds to the `link` function on Unix
1397 /// and the `CreateHardLink` function on Windows.
1398 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1400 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1404 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1405 /// limited to just these cases:
1407 /// * The `src` path is not a file or doesn't exist.
1414 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1415 /// fs::hard_link("a.txt", "b.txt")?; // Hard link a.txt to b.txt
1419 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1420 pub fn hard_link<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(src: P, dst: Q) -> io::Result<()> {
1421 fs_imp::link(src.as_ref(), dst.as_ref())
1424 /// Creates a new symbolic link on the filesystem.
1426 /// The `dst` path will be a symbolic link pointing to the `src` path.
1427 /// On Windows, this will be a file symlink, not a directory symlink;
1428 /// for this reason, the platform-specific `std::os::unix::fs::symlink`
1429 /// and `std::os::windows::fs::{symlink_file, symlink_dir}` should be
1430 /// used instead to make the intent explicit.
1437 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1438 /// fs::soft_link("a.txt", "b.txt")?;
1442 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1443 #[rustc_deprecated(since = "1.1.0",
1444 reason = "replaced with std::os::unix::fs::symlink and \
1445 std::os::windows::fs::{symlink_file, symlink_dir}")]
1446 pub fn soft_link<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(src: P, dst: Q) -> io::Result<()> {
1447 fs_imp::symlink(src.as_ref(), dst.as_ref())
1450 /// Reads a symbolic link, returning the file that the link points to.
1452 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1454 /// This function currently corresponds to the `readlink` function on Unix
1455 /// and the `CreateFile` function with `FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT` and
1456 /// `FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS` flags on Windows.
1457 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1459 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1463 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1464 /// limited to just these cases:
1466 /// * `path` is not a symbolic link.
1467 /// * `path` does not exist.
1474 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1475 /// let path = fs::read_link("a.txt")?;
1479 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1480 pub fn read_link<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
1481 fs_imp::readlink(path.as_ref())
1484 /// Returns the canonical form of a path with all intermediate components
1485 /// normalized and symbolic links resolved.
1487 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1489 /// This function currently corresponds to the `realpath` function on Unix
1490 /// and the `CreateFile` and `GetFinalPathNameByHandle` functions on Windows.
1491 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1493 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1497 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1498 /// limited to just these cases:
1500 /// * `path` does not exist.
1501 /// * A component in path is not a directory.
1508 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1509 /// let path = fs::canonicalize("../a/../foo.txt")?;
1513 #[stable(feature = "fs_canonicalize", since = "1.5.0")]
1514 pub fn canonicalize<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
1515 fs_imp::canonicalize(path.as_ref())
1518 /// Creates a new, empty directory at the provided path
1520 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1522 /// This function currently corresponds to the `mkdir` function on Unix
1523 /// and the `CreateDirectory` function on Windows.
1524 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1526 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1530 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1531 /// limited to just these cases:
1533 /// * User lacks permissions to create directory at `path`.
1534 /// * `path` already exists.
1541 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1542 /// fs::create_dir("/some/dir")?;
1546 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1547 pub fn create_dir<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1548 DirBuilder::new().create(path.as_ref())
1551 /// Recursively create a directory and all of its parent components if they
1554 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1556 /// This function currently corresponds to the `mkdir` function on Unix
1557 /// and the `CreateDirectory` function on Windows.
1558 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1560 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1564 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1565 /// limited to just these cases:
1567 /// * If any directory in the path specified by `path`
1568 /// does not already exist and it could not be created otherwise. The specific
1569 /// error conditions for when a directory is being created (after it is
1570 /// determined to not exist) are outlined by `fs::create_dir`.
1572 /// Notable exception is made for situations where any of the directories
1573 /// specified in the `path` could not be created as it was being created concurrently.
1574 /// Such cases are considered success. In other words: calling `create_dir_all`
1575 /// concurrently from multiple threads or processes is guaranteed to not fail
1576 /// due to race itself.
1583 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1584 /// fs::create_dir_all("/some/dir")?;
1588 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1589 pub fn create_dir_all<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1590 DirBuilder::new().recursive(true).create(path.as_ref())
1593 /// Removes an existing, empty directory.
1595 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1597 /// This function currently corresponds to the `rmdir` function on Unix
1598 /// and the `RemoveDirectory` function on Windows.
1599 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1601 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1605 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1606 /// limited to just these cases:
1608 /// * The user lacks permissions to remove the directory at the provided `path`.
1609 /// * The directory isn't empty.
1616 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1617 /// fs::remove_dir("/some/dir")?;
1621 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1622 pub fn remove_dir<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1623 fs_imp::rmdir(path.as_ref())
1626 /// Removes a directory at this path, after removing all its contents. Use
1629 /// This function does **not** follow symbolic links and it will simply remove the
1630 /// symbolic link itself.
1632 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1634 /// This function currently corresponds to `opendir`, `lstat`, `rm` and `rmdir` functions on Unix
1635 /// and the `FindFirstFile`, `GetFileAttributesEx`, `DeleteFile`, and `RemoveDirectory` functions
1637 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1639 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1643 /// See `file::remove_file` and `fs::remove_dir`.
1650 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1651 /// fs::remove_dir_all("/some/dir")?;
1655 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1656 pub fn remove_dir_all<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1657 fs_imp::remove_dir_all(path.as_ref())
1660 /// Returns an iterator over the entries within a directory.
1662 /// The iterator will yield instances of [`io::Result`]`<`[`DirEntry`]`>`.
1663 /// New errors may be encountered after an iterator is initially constructed.
1665 /// [`io::Result`]: ../io/type.Result.html
1666 /// [`DirEntry`]: struct.DirEntry.html
1668 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1670 /// This function currently corresponds to the `opendir` function on Unix
1671 /// and the `FindFirstFile` function on Windows.
1672 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1674 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1678 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1679 /// limited to just these cases:
1681 /// * The provided `path` doesn't exist.
1682 /// * The process lacks permissions to view the contents.
1683 /// * The `path` points at a non-directory file.
1689 /// use std::fs::{self, DirEntry};
1690 /// use std::path::Path;
1692 /// // one possible implementation of walking a directory only visiting files
1693 /// fn visit_dirs(dir: &Path, cb: &Fn(&DirEntry)) -> io::Result<()> {
1694 /// if dir.is_dir() {
1695 /// for entry in fs::read_dir(dir)? {
1696 /// let entry = entry?;
1697 /// let path = entry.path();
1698 /// if path.is_dir() {
1699 /// visit_dirs(&path, cb)?;
1708 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1709 pub fn read_dir<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<ReadDir> {
1710 fs_imp::readdir(path.as_ref()).map(ReadDir)
1713 /// Changes the permissions found on a file or a directory.
1715 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1717 /// This function currently corresponds to the `chmod` function on Unix
1718 /// and the `SetFileAttributes` function on Windows.
1719 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1721 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1725 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1726 /// limited to just these cases:
1728 /// * `path` does not exist.
1729 /// * The user lacks the permission to change attributes of the file.
1734 /// # fn foo() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1737 /// let mut perms = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?.permissions();
1738 /// perms.set_readonly(true);
1739 /// fs::set_permissions("foo.txt", perms)?;
1743 #[stable(feature = "set_permissions", since = "1.1.0")]
1744 pub fn set_permissions<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, perm: Permissions)
1746 fs_imp::set_perm(path.as_ref(), perm.0)
1750 /// Creates a new set of options with default mode/security settings for all
1751 /// platforms and also non-recursive.
1756 /// use std::fs::DirBuilder;
1758 /// let builder = DirBuilder::new();
1760 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
1761 pub fn new() -> DirBuilder {
1763 inner: fs_imp::DirBuilder::new(),
1768 /// Indicates that directories should be created recursively, creating all
1769 /// parent directories. Parents that do not exist are created with the same
1770 /// security and permissions settings.
1772 /// This option defaults to `false`.
1777 /// use std::fs::DirBuilder;
1779 /// let mut builder = DirBuilder::new();
1780 /// builder.recursive(true);
1782 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
1783 pub fn recursive(&mut self, recursive: bool) -> &mut Self {
1784 self.recursive = recursive;
1788 /// Create the specified directory with the options configured in this
1791 /// It is considered an error if the directory already exists unless
1792 /// recursive mode is enabled.
1797 /// use std::fs::{self, DirBuilder};
1799 /// let path = "/tmp/foo/bar/baz";
1800 /// DirBuilder::new()
1801 /// .recursive(true)
1802 /// .create(path).unwrap();
1804 /// assert!(fs::metadata(path).unwrap().is_dir());
1806 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
1807 pub fn create<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1808 self._create(path.as_ref())
1811 fn _create(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
1813 self.create_dir_all(path)
1815 self.inner.mkdir(path)
1819 fn create_dir_all(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
1820 if path == Path::new("") {
1824 match self.inner.mkdir(path) {
1825 Ok(()) => return Ok(()),
1826 Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
1827 Err(_) if path.is_dir() => return Ok(()),
1828 Err(e) => return Err(e),
1830 match path.parent() {
1831 Some(p) => try!(self.create_dir_all(p)),
1832 None => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "failed to create whole tree")),
1834 match self.inner.mkdir(path) {
1836 Err(_) if path.is_dir() => Ok(()),
1842 impl AsInnerMut<fs_imp::DirBuilder> for DirBuilder {
1843 fn as_inner_mut(&mut self) -> &mut fs_imp::DirBuilder {
1848 #[cfg(all(test, not(target_os = "emscripten")))]
1852 use fs::{self, File, OpenOptions};
1853 use io::{ErrorKind, SeekFrom};
1855 use rand::{StdRng, Rng};
1857 use sys_common::io::test::{TempDir, tmpdir};
1861 use os::windows::fs::{symlink_dir, symlink_file};
1863 use sys::fs::symlink_junction;
1865 use os::unix::fs::symlink as symlink_dir;
1867 use os::unix::fs::symlink as symlink_file;
1869 use os::unix::fs::symlink as symlink_junction;
1871 macro_rules! check { ($e:expr) => (
1874 Err(e) => panic!("{} failed with: {}", stringify!($e), e),
1879 macro_rules! error { ($e:expr, $s:expr) => (
1881 Ok(_) => panic!("Unexpected success. Should've been: {:?}", $s),
1882 Err(ref err) => assert!(err.raw_os_error() == Some($s),
1883 format!("`{}` did not have a code of `{}`", err, $s))
1888 macro_rules! error { ($e:expr, $s:expr) => (
1890 Ok(_) => panic!("Unexpected success. Should've been: {:?}", $s),
1891 Err(ref err) => assert!(err.to_string().contains($s),
1892 format!("`{}` did not contain `{}`", err, $s))
1896 // Several test fail on windows if the user does not have permission to
1897 // create symlinks (the `SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege`). Instead of
1898 // disabling these test on Windows, use this function to test whether we
1899 // have permission, and return otherwise. This way, we still don't run these
1900 // tests most of the time, but at least we do if the user has the right
1902 pub fn got_symlink_permission(tmpdir: &TempDir) -> bool {
1903 if cfg!(unix) { return true }
1904 let link = tmpdir.join("some_hopefully_unique_link_name");
1906 match symlink_file(r"nonexisting_target", link) {
1908 // ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD = 1314
1909 Err(ref err) if err.raw_os_error() == Some(1314) => false,
1915 fn file_test_io_smoke_test() {
1916 let message = "it's alright. have a good time";
1917 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
1918 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test.txt");
1920 let mut write_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
1921 check!(write_stream.write(message.as_bytes()));
1924 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
1925 let mut read_buf = [0; 1028];
1926 let read_str = match check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_buf)) {
1927 0 => panic!("shouldn't happen"),
1928 n => str::from_utf8(&read_buf[..n]).unwrap().to_string()
1930 assert_eq!(read_str, message);
1932 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
1936 fn invalid_path_raises() {
1937 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
1938 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_that_does_not_exist.txt");
1939 let result = File::open(filename);
1942 error!(result, "No such file or directory");
1944 error!(result, 2); // ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
1948 fn file_test_iounlinking_invalid_path_should_raise_condition() {
1949 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
1950 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_another_file_that_does_not_exist.txt");
1952 let result = fs::remove_file(filename);
1955 error!(result, "No such file or directory");
1957 error!(result, 2); // ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
1961 fn file_test_io_non_positional_read() {
1962 let message: &str = "ten-four";
1963 let mut read_mem = [0; 8];
1964 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
1965 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_positional.txt");
1967 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
1968 check!(rw_stream.write(message.as_bytes()));
1971 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
1973 let read_buf = &mut read_mem[0..4];
1974 check!(read_stream.read(read_buf));
1977 let read_buf = &mut read_mem[4..8];
1978 check!(read_stream.read(read_buf));
1981 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
1982 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap();
1983 assert_eq!(read_str, message);
1987 fn file_test_io_seek_and_tell_smoke_test() {
1988 let message = "ten-four";
1989 let mut read_mem = [0; 4];
1990 let set_cursor = 4 as u64;
1991 let tell_pos_pre_read;
1992 let tell_pos_post_read;
1993 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
1994 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seeking.txt");
1996 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
1997 check!(rw_stream.write(message.as_bytes()));
2000 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2001 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Start(set_cursor)));
2002 tell_pos_pre_read = check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)));
2003 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2004 tell_pos_post_read = check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)));
2006 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2007 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap();
2008 assert_eq!(read_str, &message[4..8]);
2009 assert_eq!(tell_pos_pre_read, set_cursor);
2010 assert_eq!(tell_pos_post_read, message.len() as u64);
2014 fn file_test_io_seek_and_write() {
2015 let initial_msg = "food-is-yummy";
2016 let overwrite_msg = "-the-bar!!";
2017 let final_msg = "foo-the-bar!!";
2019 let mut read_mem = [0; 13];
2020 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2021 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seek_and_write.txt");
2023 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2024 check!(rw_stream.write(initial_msg.as_bytes()));
2025 check!(rw_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Start(seek_idx)));
2026 check!(rw_stream.write(overwrite_msg.as_bytes()));
2029 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2030 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2032 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2033 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap();
2034 assert!(read_str == final_msg);
2038 fn file_test_io_seek_shakedown() {
2040 let initial_msg = "qwer-asdf-zxcv";
2041 let chunk_one: &str = "qwer";
2042 let chunk_two: &str = "asdf";
2043 let chunk_three: &str = "zxcv";
2044 let mut read_mem = [0; 4];
2045 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2046 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seek_shakedown.txt");
2048 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2049 check!(rw_stream.write(initial_msg.as_bytes()));
2052 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2054 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::End(-4)));
2055 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2056 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap(), chunk_three);
2058 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Current(-9)));
2059 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2060 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap(), chunk_two);
2062 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0)));
2063 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2064 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap(), chunk_one);
2066 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2070 fn file_test_io_eof() {
2071 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2072 let filename = tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_eof.txt");
2073 let mut buf = [0; 256];
2075 let oo = OpenOptions::new().create_new(true).write(true).read(true).clone();
2076 let mut rw = check!(oo.open(&filename));
2077 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), 0);
2078 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), 0);
2080 check!(fs::remove_file(&filename));
2085 fn file_test_io_read_write_at() {
2086 use os::unix::fs::FileExt;
2088 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2089 let filename = tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_read_write_at.txt");
2090 let mut buf = [0; 256];
2091 let write1 = "asdf";
2092 let write2 = "qwer-";
2093 let write3 = "-zxcv";
2094 let content = "qwer-asdf-zxcv";
2096 let oo = OpenOptions::new().create_new(true).write(true).read(true).clone();
2097 let mut rw = check!(oo.open(&filename));
2098 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write_at(write1.as_bytes(), 5)), write1.len());
2099 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2100 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read_at(&mut buf, 5)), write1.len());
2101 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2102 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2103 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read_at(&mut buf[..write2.len()], 0)), write2.len());
2104 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write2.len()]), Ok("\0\0\0\0\0"));
2105 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2106 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write(write2.as_bytes())), write2.len());
2107 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 5);
2108 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), write1.len());
2109 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2110 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2111 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read_at(&mut buf[..write2.len()], 0)), write2.len());
2112 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write2.len()]), Ok(write2));
2113 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2114 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write_at(write3.as_bytes(), 9)), write3.len());
2115 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2118 let mut read = check!(File::open(&filename));
2119 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2120 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2121 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2122 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5))), 9);
2123 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2124 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2125 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2126 assert_eq!(check!(read.read(&mut buf)), write3.len());
2127 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write3.len()]), Ok(write3));
2128 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2129 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2130 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2131 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2132 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 14)), 0);
2133 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 15)), 0);
2134 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2136 check!(fs::remove_file(&filename));
2141 fn file_test_io_seek_read_write() {
2142 use os::windows::fs::FileExt;
2144 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2145 let filename = tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seek_read_write.txt");
2146 let mut buf = [0; 256];
2147 let write1 = "asdf";
2148 let write2 = "qwer-";
2149 let write3 = "-zxcv";
2150 let content = "qwer-asdf-zxcv";
2152 let oo = OpenOptions::new().create_new(true).write(true).read(true).clone();
2153 let mut rw = check!(oo.open(&filename));
2154 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_write(write1.as_bytes(), 5)), write1.len());
2155 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2156 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_read(&mut buf, 5)), write1.len());
2157 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2158 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2159 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))), 0);
2160 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write(write2.as_bytes())), write2.len());
2161 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 5);
2162 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), write1.len());
2163 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2164 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2165 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_read(&mut buf[..write2.len()], 0)), write2.len());
2166 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write2.len()]), Ok(write2));
2167 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 5);
2168 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_write(write3.as_bytes(), 9)), write3.len());
2169 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2172 let mut read = check!(File::open(&filename));
2173 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2174 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2175 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2176 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5))), 9);
2177 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2178 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2179 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2180 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5))), 9);
2181 assert_eq!(check!(read.read(&mut buf)), write3.len());
2182 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write3.len()]), Ok(write3));
2183 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2184 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2185 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2186 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2187 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 14)), 0);
2188 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 15)), 0);
2190 check!(fs::remove_file(&filename));
2194 fn file_test_stat_is_correct_on_is_file() {
2195 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2196 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_stat_correct_on_is_file.txt");
2198 let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
2199 let mut fs = check!(opts.read(true).write(true)
2200 .create(true).open(filename));
2202 fs.write(msg.as_bytes()).unwrap();
2204 let fstat_res = check!(fs.metadata());
2205 assert!(fstat_res.is_file());
2207 let stat_res_fn = check!(fs::metadata(filename));
2208 assert!(stat_res_fn.is_file());
2209 let stat_res_meth = check!(filename.metadata());
2210 assert!(stat_res_meth.is_file());
2211 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2215 fn file_test_stat_is_correct_on_is_dir() {
2216 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2217 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_stat_correct_on_is_dir");
2218 check!(fs::create_dir(filename));
2219 let stat_res_fn = check!(fs::metadata(filename));
2220 assert!(stat_res_fn.is_dir());
2221 let stat_res_meth = check!(filename.metadata());
2222 assert!(stat_res_meth.is_dir());
2223 check!(fs::remove_dir(filename));
2227 fn file_test_fileinfo_false_when_checking_is_file_on_a_directory() {
2228 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2229 let dir = &tmpdir.join("fileinfo_false_on_dir");
2230 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2231 assert!(!dir.is_file());
2232 check!(fs::remove_dir(dir));
2236 fn file_test_fileinfo_check_exists_before_and_after_file_creation() {
2237 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2238 let file = &tmpdir.join("fileinfo_check_exists_b_and_a.txt");
2239 check!(check!(File::create(file)).write(b"foo"));
2240 assert!(file.exists());
2241 check!(fs::remove_file(file));
2242 assert!(!file.exists());
2246 fn file_test_directoryinfo_check_exists_before_and_after_mkdir() {
2247 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2248 let dir = &tmpdir.join("before_and_after_dir");
2249 assert!(!dir.exists());
2250 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2251 assert!(dir.exists());
2252 assert!(dir.is_dir());
2253 check!(fs::remove_dir(dir));
2254 assert!(!dir.exists());
2258 fn file_test_directoryinfo_readdir() {
2259 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2260 let dir = &tmpdir.join("di_readdir");
2261 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2264 let f = dir.join(&format!("{}.txt", n));
2265 let mut w = check!(File::create(&f));
2266 let msg_str = format!("{}{}", prefix, n.to_string());
2267 let msg = msg_str.as_bytes();
2268 check!(w.write(msg));
2270 let files = check!(fs::read_dir(dir));
2271 let mut mem = [0; 4];
2273 let f = f.unwrap().path();
2275 let n = f.file_stem().unwrap();
2276 check!(check!(File::open(&f)).read(&mut mem));
2277 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&mem).unwrap();
2278 let expected = format!("{}{}", prefix, n.to_str().unwrap());
2279 assert_eq!(expected, read_str);
2281 check!(fs::remove_file(&f));
2283 check!(fs::remove_dir(dir));
2287 fn file_create_new_already_exists_error() {
2288 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2289 let file = &tmpdir.join("file_create_new_error_exists");
2290 check!(fs::File::create(file));
2291 let e = fs::OpenOptions::new().write(true).create_new(true).open(file).unwrap_err();
2292 assert_eq!(e.kind(), ErrorKind::AlreadyExists);
2296 fn mkdir_path_already_exists_error() {
2297 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2298 let dir = &tmpdir.join("mkdir_error_twice");
2299 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2300 let e = fs::create_dir(dir).unwrap_err();
2301 assert_eq!(e.kind(), ErrorKind::AlreadyExists);
2305 fn recursive_mkdir() {
2306 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2307 let dir = tmpdir.join("d1/d2");
2308 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2309 assert!(dir.is_dir())
2313 fn recursive_mkdir_failure() {
2314 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2315 let dir = tmpdir.join("d1");
2316 let file = dir.join("f1");
2318 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2319 check!(File::create(&file));
2321 let result = fs::create_dir_all(&file);
2323 assert!(result.is_err());
2327 fn concurrent_recursive_mkdir() {
2330 let mut dir = dir.join("a");
2332 dir = dir.join("a");
2334 let mut join = vec!();
2336 let dir = dir.clone();
2337 join.push(thread::spawn(move || {
2338 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2342 // No `Display` on result of `join()`
2343 join.drain(..).map(|join| join.join().unwrap()).count();
2348 fn recursive_mkdir_slash() {
2349 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&Path::new("/")));
2353 fn recursive_mkdir_dot() {
2354 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&Path::new(".")));
2358 fn recursive_mkdir_empty() {
2359 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&Path::new("")));
2363 fn recursive_rmdir() {
2364 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2365 let d1 = tmpdir.join("d1");
2366 let dt = d1.join("t");
2367 let dtt = dt.join("t");
2368 let d2 = tmpdir.join("d2");
2369 let canary = d2.join("do_not_delete");
2370 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dtt));
2371 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&d2));
2372 check!(check!(File::create(&canary)).write(b"foo"));
2373 check!(symlink_junction(&d2, &dt.join("d2")));
2374 let _ = symlink_file(&canary, &d1.join("canary"));
2375 check!(fs::remove_dir_all(&d1));
2377 assert!(!d1.is_dir());
2378 assert!(canary.exists());
2382 fn recursive_rmdir_of_symlink() {
2383 // test we do not recursively delete a symlink but only dirs.
2384 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2385 let link = tmpdir.join("d1");
2386 let dir = tmpdir.join("d2");
2387 let canary = dir.join("do_not_delete");
2388 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2389 check!(check!(File::create(&canary)).write(b"foo"));
2390 check!(symlink_junction(&dir, &link));
2391 check!(fs::remove_dir_all(&link));
2393 assert!(!link.is_dir());
2394 assert!(canary.exists());
2398 // only Windows makes a distinction between file and directory symlinks.
2400 fn recursive_rmdir_of_file_symlink() {
2401 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2402 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2404 let f1 = tmpdir.join("f1");
2405 let f2 = tmpdir.join("f2");
2406 check!(check!(File::create(&f1)).write(b"foo"));
2407 check!(symlink_file(&f1, &f2));
2408 match fs::remove_dir_all(&f2) {
2409 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2415 fn unicode_path_is_dir() {
2416 assert!(Path::new(".").is_dir());
2417 assert!(!Path::new("test/stdtest/fs.rs").is_dir());
2419 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2421 let mut dirpath = tmpdir.path().to_path_buf();
2422 dirpath.push("test-가一ー你好");
2423 check!(fs::create_dir(&dirpath));
2424 assert!(dirpath.is_dir());
2426 let mut filepath = dirpath;
2427 filepath.push("unicode-file-\u{ac00}\u{4e00}\u{30fc}\u{4f60}\u{597d}.rs");
2428 check!(File::create(&filepath)); // ignore return; touch only
2429 assert!(!filepath.is_dir());
2430 assert!(filepath.exists());
2434 fn unicode_path_exists() {
2435 assert!(Path::new(".").exists());
2436 assert!(!Path::new("test/nonexistent-bogus-path").exists());
2438 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2439 let unicode = tmpdir.path();
2440 let unicode = unicode.join("test-각丁ー再见");
2441 check!(fs::create_dir(&unicode));
2442 assert!(unicode.exists());
2443 assert!(!Path::new("test/unicode-bogus-path-각丁ー再见").exists());
2447 fn copy_file_does_not_exist() {
2448 let from = Path::new("test/nonexistent-bogus-path");
2449 let to = Path::new("test/other-bogus-path");
2451 match fs::copy(&from, &to) {
2454 assert!(!from.exists());
2455 assert!(!to.exists());
2461 fn copy_src_does_not_exist() {
2462 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2463 let from = Path::new("test/nonexistent-bogus-path");
2464 let to = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2465 check!(check!(File::create(&to)).write(b"hello"));
2466 assert!(fs::copy(&from, &to).is_err());
2467 assert!(!from.exists());
2468 let mut v = Vec::new();
2469 check!(check!(File::open(&to)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2470 assert_eq!(v, b"hello");
2475 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2476 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2477 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2479 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write(b"hello"));
2480 check!(fs::copy(&input, &out));
2481 let mut v = Vec::new();
2482 check!(check!(File::open(&out)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2483 assert_eq!(v, b"hello");
2485 assert_eq!(check!(input.metadata()).permissions(),
2486 check!(out.metadata()).permissions());
2490 fn copy_file_dst_dir() {
2491 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2492 let out = tmpdir.join("out");
2494 check!(File::create(&out));
2495 match fs::copy(&*out, tmpdir.path()) {
2496 Ok(..) => panic!(), Err(..) => {}
2501 fn copy_file_dst_exists() {
2502 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2503 let input = tmpdir.join("in");
2504 let output = tmpdir.join("out");
2506 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write("foo".as_bytes()));
2507 check!(check!(File::create(&output)).write("bar".as_bytes()));
2508 check!(fs::copy(&input, &output));
2510 let mut v = Vec::new();
2511 check!(check!(File::open(&output)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2512 assert_eq!(v, b"foo".to_vec());
2516 fn copy_file_src_dir() {
2517 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2518 let out = tmpdir.join("out");
2520 match fs::copy(tmpdir.path(), &out) {
2521 Ok(..) => panic!(), Err(..) => {}
2523 assert!(!out.exists());
2527 fn copy_file_preserves_perm_bits() {
2528 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2529 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2530 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2532 let attr = check!(check!(File::create(&input)).metadata());
2533 let mut p = attr.permissions();
2534 p.set_readonly(true);
2535 check!(fs::set_permissions(&input, p));
2536 check!(fs::copy(&input, &out));
2537 assert!(check!(out.metadata()).permissions().readonly());
2538 check!(fs::set_permissions(&input, attr.permissions()));
2539 check!(fs::set_permissions(&out, attr.permissions()));
2544 fn copy_file_preserves_streams() {
2546 check!(check!(File::create(tmp.join("in.txt:bunny"))).write("carrot".as_bytes()));
2547 assert_eq!(check!(fs::copy(tmp.join("in.txt"), tmp.join("out.txt"))), 6);
2548 assert_eq!(check!(tmp.join("out.txt").metadata()).len(), 0);
2549 let mut v = Vec::new();
2550 check!(check!(File::open(tmp.join("out.txt:bunny"))).read_to_end(&mut v));
2551 assert_eq!(v, b"carrot".to_vec());
2555 fn symlinks_work() {
2556 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2557 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2559 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2560 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2562 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write("foobar".as_bytes()));
2563 check!(symlink_file(&input, &out));
2564 assert!(check!(out.symlink_metadata()).file_type().is_symlink());
2565 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&out)).len(),
2566 check!(fs::metadata(&input)).len());
2567 let mut v = Vec::new();
2568 check!(check!(File::open(&out)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2569 assert_eq!(v, b"foobar".to_vec());
2573 fn symlink_noexist() {
2574 // Symlinks can point to things that don't exist
2575 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2576 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2578 // Use a relative path for testing. Symlinks get normalized by Windows,
2579 // so we may not get the same path back for absolute paths
2580 check!(symlink_file(&"foo", &tmpdir.join("bar")));
2581 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(&tmpdir.join("bar"))).to_str().unwrap(),
2588 // directory symlink
2589 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(r"C:\Users\All Users")).to_str().unwrap(),
2592 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(r"C:\Users\Default User")).to_str().unwrap(),
2593 r"C:\Users\Default");
2594 // junction with special permissions
2595 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(r"C:\Documents and Settings\")).to_str().unwrap(),
2598 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2599 let link = tmpdir.join("link");
2600 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2601 check!(symlink_file(&"foo", &link));
2602 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(&link)).to_str().unwrap(), "foo");
2606 fn readlink_not_symlink() {
2607 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2608 match fs::read_link(tmpdir.path()) {
2609 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2616 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2617 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2618 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2620 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write("foobar".as_bytes()));
2621 check!(fs::hard_link(&input, &out));
2622 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&out)).len(),
2623 check!(fs::metadata(&input)).len());
2624 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&out)).len(),
2625 check!(input.metadata()).len());
2626 let mut v = Vec::new();
2627 check!(check!(File::open(&out)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2628 assert_eq!(v, b"foobar".to_vec());
2630 // can't link to yourself
2631 match fs::hard_link(&input, &input) {
2632 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2635 // can't link to something that doesn't exist
2636 match fs::hard_link(&tmpdir.join("foo"), &tmpdir.join("bar")) {
2637 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2644 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2645 let file = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2647 check!(File::create(&file));
2648 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&file));
2649 assert!(!attr.permissions().readonly());
2650 let mut p = attr.permissions();
2651 p.set_readonly(true);
2652 check!(fs::set_permissions(&file, p.clone()));
2653 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&file));
2654 assert!(attr.permissions().readonly());
2656 match fs::set_permissions(&tmpdir.join("foo"), p.clone()) {
2657 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted an error"),
2661 p.set_readonly(false);
2662 check!(fs::set_permissions(&file, p));
2667 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2668 let path = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2670 let file = check!(File::create(&path));
2671 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&path));
2672 assert!(!attr.permissions().readonly());
2673 let mut p = attr.permissions();
2674 p.set_readonly(true);
2675 check!(file.set_permissions(p.clone()));
2676 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&path));
2677 assert!(attr.permissions().readonly());
2679 p.set_readonly(false);
2680 check!(file.set_permissions(p));
2684 fn sync_doesnt_kill_anything() {
2685 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2686 let path = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2688 let mut file = check!(File::create(&path));
2689 check!(file.sync_all());
2690 check!(file.sync_data());
2691 check!(file.write(b"foo"));
2692 check!(file.sync_all());
2693 check!(file.sync_data());
2697 fn truncate_works() {
2698 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2699 let path = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2701 let mut file = check!(File::create(&path));
2702 check!(file.write(b"foo"));
2703 check!(file.sync_all());
2705 // Do some simple things with truncation
2706 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 3);
2707 check!(file.set_len(10));
2708 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 10);
2709 check!(file.write(b"bar"));
2710 check!(file.sync_all());
2711 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 10);
2713 let mut v = Vec::new();
2714 check!(check!(File::open(&path)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2715 assert_eq!(v, b"foobar\0\0\0\0".to_vec());
2717 // Truncate to a smaller length, don't seek, and then write something.
2718 // Ensure that the intermediate zeroes are all filled in (we have `seek`ed
2719 // past the end of the file).
2720 check!(file.set_len(2));
2721 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 2);
2722 check!(file.write(b"wut"));
2723 check!(file.sync_all());
2724 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 9);
2725 let mut v = Vec::new();
2726 check!(check!(File::open(&path)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2727 assert_eq!(v, b"fo\0\0\0\0wut".to_vec());
2732 use fs::OpenOptions as OO;
2733 fn c<T: Clone>(t: &T) -> T { t.clone() }
2735 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2737 let mut r = OO::new(); r.read(true);
2738 let mut w = OO::new(); w.write(true);
2739 let mut rw = OO::new(); rw.read(true).write(true);
2740 let mut a = OO::new(); a.append(true);
2741 let mut ra = OO::new(); ra.read(true).append(true);
2744 let invalid_options = 87; // ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
2746 let invalid_options = "Invalid argument";
2748 // Test various combinations of creation modes and access modes.
2751 // creation mode | read | write | read-write | append | read-append |
2752 // :-----------------------|:-----:|:-----:|:----------:|:------:|:-----------:|
2753 // not set (open existing) | X | X | X | X | X |
2754 // create | | X | X | X | X |
2755 // truncate | | X | X | | |
2756 // create and truncate | | X | X | | |
2757 // create_new | | X | X | X | X |
2759 // tested in reverse order, so 'create_new' creates the file, and 'open existing' opens it.
2762 check!(c(&w).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
2763 check!(c(&w).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
2764 check!(c(&w).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
2765 check!(c(&w).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
2766 check!(c(&w).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
2769 error!(c(&r).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
2770 error!(c(&r).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
2771 error!(c(&r).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
2772 error!(c(&r).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
2773 check!(c(&r).open(&tmpdir.join("a"))); // try opening the file created with write_only
2776 check!(c(&rw).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
2777 check!(c(&rw).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
2778 check!(c(&rw).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
2779 check!(c(&rw).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
2780 check!(c(&rw).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
2783 check!(c(&a).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")));
2784 error!(c(&a).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")), invalid_options);
2785 error!(c(&a).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")), invalid_options);
2786 check!(c(&a).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")));
2787 check!(c(&a).open(&tmpdir.join("d")));
2790 check!(c(&ra).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")));
2791 error!(c(&ra).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")), invalid_options);
2792 error!(c(&ra).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")), invalid_options);
2793 check!(c(&ra).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")));
2794 check!(c(&ra).open(&tmpdir.join("e")));
2796 // Test opening a file without setting an access mode
2797 let mut blank = OO::new();
2798 error!(blank.create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("f")), invalid_options);
2801 check!(check!(File::create(&tmpdir.join("h"))).write("foobar".as_bytes()));
2803 // Test write fails for read-only
2804 check!(r.open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
2806 let mut f = check!(r.open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
2807 assert!(f.write("wut".as_bytes()).is_err());
2810 // Test write overwrites
2812 let mut f = check!(c(&w).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
2813 check!(f.write("baz".as_bytes()));
2816 let mut f = check!(c(&r).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
2817 let mut b = vec![0; 6];
2818 check!(f.read(&mut b));
2819 assert_eq!(b, "bazbar".as_bytes());
2822 // Test truncate works
2824 let mut f = check!(c(&w).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
2825 check!(f.write("foo".as_bytes()));
2827 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 3);
2829 // Test append works
2830 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 3);
2832 let mut f = check!(c(&a).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
2833 check!(f.write("bar".as_bytes()));
2835 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 6);
2837 // Test .append(true) equals .write(true).append(true)
2839 let mut f = check!(c(&w).append(true).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
2840 check!(f.write("baz".as_bytes()));
2842 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 9);
2846 fn _assert_send_sync() {
2847 fn _assert_send_sync<T: Send + Sync>() {}
2848 _assert_send_sync::<OpenOptions>();
2853 let mut bytes = [0; 1024];
2854 StdRng::new().unwrap().fill_bytes(&mut bytes);
2856 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2858 check!(check!(File::create(&tmpdir.join("test"))).write(&bytes));
2859 let mut v = Vec::new();
2860 check!(check!(File::open(&tmpdir.join("test"))).read_to_end(&mut v));
2861 assert!(v == &bytes[..]);
2865 fn file_try_clone() {
2866 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2868 let mut f1 = check!(OpenOptions::new()
2872 .open(&tmpdir.join("test")));
2873 let mut f2 = check!(f1.try_clone());
2875 check!(f1.write_all(b"hello world"));
2876 check!(f1.seek(SeekFrom::Start(2)));
2878 let mut buf = vec![];
2879 check!(f2.read_to_end(&mut buf));
2880 assert_eq!(buf, b"llo world");
2883 check!(f1.write_all(b"!"));
2887 #[cfg(not(windows))]
2888 fn unlink_readonly() {
2889 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2890 let path = tmpdir.join("file");
2891 check!(File::create(&path));
2892 let mut perm = check!(fs::metadata(&path)).permissions();
2893 perm.set_readonly(true);
2894 check!(fs::set_permissions(&path, perm));
2895 check!(fs::remove_file(&path));
2899 fn mkdir_trailing_slash() {
2900 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2901 let path = tmpdir.join("file");
2902 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&path.join("a/")));
2906 fn canonicalize_works_simple() {
2907 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2908 let tmpdir = fs::canonicalize(tmpdir.path()).unwrap();
2909 let file = tmpdir.join("test");
2910 File::create(&file).unwrap();
2911 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&file).unwrap(), file);
2915 fn realpath_works() {
2916 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2917 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2919 let tmpdir = fs::canonicalize(tmpdir.path()).unwrap();
2920 let file = tmpdir.join("test");
2921 let dir = tmpdir.join("test2");
2922 let link = dir.join("link");
2923 let linkdir = tmpdir.join("test3");
2925 File::create(&file).unwrap();
2926 fs::create_dir(&dir).unwrap();
2927 symlink_file(&file, &link).unwrap();
2928 symlink_dir(&dir, &linkdir).unwrap();
2930 assert!(link.symlink_metadata().unwrap().file_type().is_symlink());
2932 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&tmpdir).unwrap(), tmpdir);
2933 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&file).unwrap(), file);
2934 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&link).unwrap(), file);
2935 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&linkdir).unwrap(), dir);
2936 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&linkdir.join("link")).unwrap(), file);
2940 fn realpath_works_tricky() {
2941 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2942 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2944 let tmpdir = fs::canonicalize(tmpdir.path()).unwrap();
2945 let a = tmpdir.join("a");
2946 let b = a.join("b");
2947 let c = b.join("c");
2948 let d = a.join("d");
2949 let e = d.join("e");
2950 let f = a.join("f");
2952 fs::create_dir_all(&b).unwrap();
2953 fs::create_dir_all(&d).unwrap();
2954 File::create(&f).unwrap();
2955 if cfg!(not(windows)) {
2956 symlink_dir("../d/e", &c).unwrap();
2957 symlink_file("../f", &e).unwrap();
2960 symlink_dir(r"..\d\e", &c).unwrap();
2961 symlink_file(r"..\f", &e).unwrap();
2964 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&c).unwrap(), f);
2965 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&e).unwrap(), f);
2969 fn dir_entry_methods() {
2970 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2972 fs::create_dir_all(&tmpdir.join("a")).unwrap();
2973 File::create(&tmpdir.join("b")).unwrap();
2975 for file in tmpdir.path().read_dir().unwrap().map(|f| f.unwrap()) {
2976 let fname = file.file_name();
2977 match fname.to_str() {
2979 assert!(file.file_type().unwrap().is_dir());
2980 assert!(file.metadata().unwrap().is_dir());
2983 assert!(file.file_type().unwrap().is_file());
2984 assert!(file.metadata().unwrap().is_file());
2986 f => panic!("unknown file name: {:?}", f),
2992 fn dir_entry_debug() {
2993 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2994 File::create(&tmpdir.join("b")).unwrap();
2995 let mut read_dir = tmpdir.path().read_dir().unwrap();
2996 let dir_entry = read_dir.next().unwrap().unwrap();
2997 let actual = format!("{:?}", dir_entry);
2998 let expected = format!("DirEntry({:?})", dir_entry.0.path());
2999 assert_eq!(actual, expected);
3003 fn read_dir_not_found() {
3004 let res = fs::read_dir("/path/that/does/not/exist");
3005 assert_eq!(res.err().unwrap().kind(), ErrorKind::NotFound);
3009 fn create_dir_all_with_junctions() {
3010 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3011 let target = tmpdir.join("target");
3013 let junction = tmpdir.join("junction");
3014 let b = junction.join("a/b");
3016 let link = tmpdir.join("link");
3017 let d = link.join("c/d");
3019 fs::create_dir(&target).unwrap();
3021 check!(symlink_junction(&target, &junction));
3022 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&b));
3023 // the junction itself is not a directory, but `is_dir()` on a Path
3025 assert!(junction.is_dir());
3026 assert!(b.exists());
3028 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
3029 check!(symlink_dir(&target, &link));
3030 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&d));
3031 assert!(link.is_dir());
3032 assert!(d.exists());
3036 fn metadata_access_times() {
3037 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3039 let b = tmpdir.join("b");
3040 File::create(&b).unwrap();
3042 let a = check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.path()));
3043 let b = check!(fs::metadata(&b));
3045 assert_eq!(check!(a.accessed()), check!(a.accessed()));
3046 assert_eq!(check!(a.modified()), check!(a.modified()));
3047 assert_eq!(check!(b.accessed()), check!(b.modified()));
3049 if cfg!(target_os = "macos") || cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
3050 check!(a.created());
3051 check!(b.created());