1 // Copyright 2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
2 // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
3 // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
5 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
6 // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
7 // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
8 // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
9 // except according to those terms.
11 //! Filesystem manipulation operations.
13 //! This module contains basic methods to manipulate the contents of the local
14 //! filesystem. All methods in this module represent cross-platform filesystem
15 //! operations. Extra platform-specific functionality can be found in the
16 //! extension traits of `std::os::$platform`.
18 #![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
22 use io::{self, SeekFrom, Seek, Read, Initializer, Write};
23 use path::{Path, PathBuf};
24 use sys::fs as fs_imp;
25 use sys_common::{AsInnerMut, FromInner, AsInner, IntoInner};
28 /// A reference to an open file on the filesystem.
30 /// An instance of a `File` can be read and/or written depending on what options
31 /// it was opened with. Files also implement [`Seek`] to alter the logical cursor
32 /// that the file contains internally.
34 /// Files are automatically closed when they go out of scope.
38 /// Create a new file and write bytes to it:
41 /// use std::fs::File;
42 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
44 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
45 /// let mut file = File::create("foo.txt")?;
46 /// file.write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
51 /// Read the contents of a file into a [`String`]:
54 /// use std::fs::File;
55 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
57 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
58 /// let mut file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
59 /// let mut contents = String::new();
60 /// file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
61 /// assert_eq!(contents, "Hello, world!");
66 /// It can be more efficient to read the contents of a file with a buffered
67 /// [`Read`]er. This can be accomplished with [`BufReader<R>`]:
70 /// use std::fs::File;
71 /// use std::io::BufReader;
72 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
74 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
75 /// let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
76 /// let mut buf_reader = BufReader::new(file);
77 /// let mut contents = String::new();
78 /// buf_reader.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
79 /// assert_eq!(contents, "Hello, world!");
84 /// Note that, although read and write methods require a `&mut File`, because
85 /// of the interfaces for [`Read`] and [`Write`], the holder of a `&File` can
86 /// still modify the file, either through methods that take `&File` or by
87 /// retrieving the underlying OS object and modifying the file that way.
88 /// Additionally, many operating systems allow concurrent modification of files
89 /// by different processes. Avoid assuming that holding a `&File` means that the
90 /// file will not change.
92 /// [`Seek`]: ../io/trait.Seek.html
93 /// [`String`]: ../string/struct.String.html
94 /// [`Read`]: ../io/trait.Read.html
95 /// [`Write`]: ../io/trait.Write.html
96 /// [`BufReader<R>`]: ../io/struct.BufReader.html
97 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
102 /// Metadata information about a file.
104 /// This structure is returned from the [`metadata`] or
105 /// [`symlink_metadata`] function or method and represents known
106 /// metadata about a file such as its permissions, size, modification
109 /// [`metadata`]: fn.metadata.html
110 /// [`symlink_metadata`]: fn.symlink_metadata.html
111 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
113 pub struct Metadata(fs_imp::FileAttr);
115 /// Iterator over the entries in a directory.
117 /// This iterator is returned from the [`read_dir`] function of this module and
118 /// will yield instances of [`io::Result`]`<`[`DirEntry`]`>`. Through a [`DirEntry`]
119 /// information like the entry's path and possibly other metadata can be
124 /// This [`io::Result`] will be an [`Err`] if there's some sort of intermittent
125 /// IO error during iteration.
127 /// [`read_dir`]: fn.read_dir.html
128 /// [`DirEntry`]: struct.DirEntry.html
129 /// [`io::Result`]: ../io/type.Result.html
130 /// [`Err`]: ../result/enum.Result.html#variant.Err
131 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
133 pub struct ReadDir(fs_imp::ReadDir);
135 /// Entries returned by the [`ReadDir`] iterator.
137 /// [`ReadDir`]: struct.ReadDir.html
139 /// An instance of `DirEntry` represents an entry inside of a directory on the
140 /// filesystem. Each entry can be inspected via methods to learn about the full
141 /// path or possibly other metadata through per-platform extension traits.
142 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
143 pub struct DirEntry(fs_imp::DirEntry);
145 /// Options and flags which can be used to configure how a file is opened.
147 /// This builder exposes the ability to configure how a [`File`] is opened and
148 /// what operations are permitted on the open file. The [`File::open`] and
149 /// [`File::create`] methods are aliases for commonly used options using this
152 /// [`File`]: struct.File.html
153 /// [`File::open`]: struct.File.html#method.open
154 /// [`File::create`]: struct.File.html#method.create
156 /// Generally speaking, when using `OpenOptions`, you'll first call [`new`],
157 /// then chain calls to methods to set each option, then call [`open`],
158 /// passing the path of the file you're trying to open. This will give you a
159 /// [`io::Result`][result] with a [`File`][file] inside that you can further
162 /// [`new`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.new
163 /// [`open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
164 /// [result]: ../io/type.Result.html
165 /// [file]: struct.File.html
169 /// Opening a file to read:
172 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
174 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().read(true).open("foo.txt");
177 /// Opening a file for both reading and writing, as well as creating it if it
181 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
183 /// let file = OpenOptions::new()
187 /// .open("foo.txt");
189 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
190 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
191 pub struct OpenOptions(fs_imp::OpenOptions);
193 /// Representation of the various permissions on a file.
195 /// This module only currently provides one bit of information, [`readonly`],
196 /// which is exposed on all currently supported platforms. Unix-specific
197 /// functionality, such as mode bits, is available through the
198 /// `os::unix::PermissionsExt` trait.
200 /// [`readonly`]: struct.Permissions.html#method.readonly
201 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
202 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
203 pub struct Permissions(fs_imp::FilePermissions);
205 /// A structure representing a type of file with accessors for each file type.
206 /// It is returned by [`Metadata::file_type`] method.
208 /// [`Metadata::file_type`]: struct.Metadata.html#method.file_type
209 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
210 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
211 pub struct FileType(fs_imp::FileType);
213 /// A builder used to create directories in various manners.
215 /// This builder also supports platform-specific options.
216 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
218 pub struct DirBuilder {
219 inner: fs_imp::DirBuilder,
223 /// How large a buffer to pre-allocate before reading the entire file.
224 fn initial_buffer_size(file: &File) -> usize {
225 // Allocate one extra byte so the buffer doesn't need to grow before the
226 // final `read` call at the end of the file. Don't worry about `usize`
227 // overflow because reading will fail regardless in that case.
228 file.metadata().map(|m| m.len() as usize + 1).unwrap_or(0)
231 /// Read the entire contents of a file into a bytes vector.
233 /// This is a convenience function for using [`File::open`] and [`read_to_end`]
234 /// with fewer imports and without an intermediate variable. It pre-allocates a
235 /// buffer based on the file size when available, so it is generally faster than
236 /// reading into a vector created with `Vec::new()`.
238 /// [`File::open`]: struct.File.html#method.open
239 /// [`read_to_end`]: ../io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_end
243 /// This function will return an error if `path` does not already exist.
244 /// Other errors may also be returned according to [`OpenOptions::open`].
246 /// [`OpenOptions::open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
248 /// It will also return an error if it encounters while reading an error
249 /// of a kind other than [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`].
251 /// [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`]: ../../std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.Interrupted
257 /// use std::net::SocketAddr;
259 /// fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + 'static>> {
260 /// let foo: SocketAddr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&fs::read("address.txt")?).parse()?;
264 #[stable(feature = "fs_read_write_bytes", since = "1.26.0")]
265 pub fn read<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
266 let mut file = File::open(path)?;
267 let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(initial_buffer_size(&file));
268 file.read_to_end(&mut bytes)?;
272 /// Read the entire contents of a file into a string.
274 /// This is a convenience function for using [`File::open`] and [`read_to_string`]
275 /// with fewer imports and without an intermediate variable. It pre-allocates a
276 /// buffer based on the file size when available, so it is generally faster than
277 /// reading into a string created with `String::new()`.
279 /// [`File::open`]: struct.File.html#method.open
280 /// [`read_to_string`]: ../io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_string
284 /// This function will return an error if `path` does not already exist.
285 /// Other errors may also be returned according to [`OpenOptions::open`].
287 /// [`OpenOptions::open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
289 /// It will also return an error if it encounters while reading an error
290 /// of a kind other than [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`],
291 /// or if the contents of the file are not valid UTF-8.
293 /// [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`]: ../../std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.Interrupted
299 /// use std::net::SocketAddr;
301 /// fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + 'static>> {
302 /// let foo: SocketAddr = fs::read_to_string("address.txt")?.parse()?;
306 #[stable(feature = "fs_read_write", since = "1.26.0")]
307 pub fn read_to_string<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<String> {
308 let mut file = File::open(path)?;
309 let mut string = String::with_capacity(initial_buffer_size(&file));
310 file.read_to_string(&mut string)?;
314 /// Write a slice as the entire contents of a file.
316 /// This function will create a file if it does not exist,
317 /// and will entirely replace its contents if it does.
319 /// This is a convenience function for using [`File::create`] and [`write_all`]
320 /// with fewer imports.
322 /// [`File::create`]: struct.File.html#method.create
323 /// [`write_all`]: ../io/trait.Write.html#method.write_all
330 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
331 /// fs::write("foo.txt", b"Lorem ipsum")?;
332 /// fs::write("bar.txt", "dolor sit")?;
336 #[stable(feature = "fs_read_write_bytes", since = "1.26.0")]
337 pub fn write<P: AsRef<Path>, C: AsRef<[u8]>>(path: P, contents: C) -> io::Result<()> {
338 File::create(path)?.write_all(contents.as_ref())
342 /// Attempts to open a file in read-only mode.
344 /// See the [`OpenOptions::open`] method for more details.
348 /// This function will return an error if `path` does not already exist.
349 /// Other errors may also be returned according to [`OpenOptions::open`].
351 /// [`OpenOptions::open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
356 /// use std::fs::File;
358 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
359 /// let mut f = File::open("foo.txt")?;
363 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
364 pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<File> {
365 OpenOptions::new().read(true).open(path.as_ref())
368 /// Opens a file in write-only mode.
370 /// This function will create a file if it does not exist,
371 /// and will truncate it if it does.
373 /// See the [`OpenOptions::open`] function for more details.
375 /// [`OpenOptions::open`]: struct.OpenOptions.html#method.open
380 /// use std::fs::File;
382 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
383 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
387 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
388 pub fn create<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<File> {
389 OpenOptions::new().write(true).create(true).truncate(true).open(path.as_ref())
392 /// Attempts to sync all OS-internal metadata to disk.
394 /// This function will attempt to ensure that all in-core data reaches the
395 /// filesystem before returning.
400 /// use std::fs::File;
401 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
403 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
404 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
405 /// f.write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
411 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
412 pub fn sync_all(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
416 /// This function is similar to [`sync_all`], except that it may not
417 /// synchronize file metadata to the filesystem.
419 /// This is intended for use cases that must synchronize content, but don't
420 /// need the metadata on disk. The goal of this method is to reduce disk
423 /// Note that some platforms may simply implement this in terms of
426 /// [`sync_all`]: struct.File.html#method.sync_all
431 /// use std::fs::File;
432 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
434 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
435 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
436 /// f.write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
442 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
443 pub fn sync_data(&self) -> io::Result<()> {
444 self.inner.datasync()
447 /// Truncates or extends the underlying file, updating the size of
448 /// this file to become `size`.
450 /// If the `size` is less than the current file's size, then the file will
451 /// be shrunk. If it is greater than the current file's size, then the file
452 /// will be extended to `size` and have all of the intermediate data filled
455 /// The file's cursor isn't changed. In particular, if the cursor was at the
456 /// end and the file is shrunk using this operation, the cursor will now be
461 /// This function will return an error if the file is not opened for writing.
466 /// use std::fs::File;
468 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
469 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
475 /// Note that this method alters the content of the underlying file, even
476 /// though it takes `&self` rather than `&mut self`.
477 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
478 pub fn set_len(&self, size: u64) -> io::Result<()> {
479 self.inner.truncate(size)
482 /// Queries metadata about the underlying file.
487 /// use std::fs::File;
489 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
490 /// let mut f = File::open("foo.txt")?;
491 /// let metadata = f.metadata()?;
495 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
496 pub fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
497 self.inner.file_attr().map(Metadata)
500 /// Create a new `File` instance that shares the same underlying file handle
501 /// as the existing `File` instance. Reads, writes, and seeks will affect
502 /// both `File` instances simultaneously.
506 /// Create two handles for a file named `foo.txt`:
509 /// use std::fs::File;
511 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
512 /// let mut file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
513 /// let file_copy = file.try_clone()?;
518 /// Assuming there’s a file named `foo.txt` with contents `abcdef\n`, create
519 /// two handles, seek one of them, and read the remaining bytes from the
523 /// use std::fs::File;
524 /// use std::io::SeekFrom;
525 /// use std::io::prelude::*;
527 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
528 /// let mut file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
529 /// let mut file_copy = file.try_clone()?;
531 /// file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(3))?;
533 /// let mut contents = vec![];
534 /// file_copy.read_to_end(&mut contents)?;
535 /// assert_eq!(contents, b"def\n");
539 #[stable(feature = "file_try_clone", since = "1.9.0")]
540 pub fn try_clone(&self) -> io::Result<File> {
542 inner: self.inner.duplicate()?
546 /// Changes the permissions on the underlying file.
548 /// # Platform-specific behavior
550 /// This function currently corresponds to the `fchmod` function on Unix and
551 /// the `SetFileInformationByHandle` function on Windows. Note that, this
552 /// [may change in the future][changes].
554 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
558 /// This function will return an error if the user lacks permission change
559 /// attributes on the underlying file. It may also return an error in other
560 /// os-specific unspecified cases.
565 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
566 /// use std::fs::File;
568 /// let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
569 /// let mut perms = file.metadata()?.permissions();
570 /// perms.set_readonly(true);
571 /// file.set_permissions(perms)?;
576 /// Note that this method alters the permissions of the underlying file,
577 /// even though it takes `&self` rather than `&mut self`.
578 #[stable(feature = "set_permissions_atomic", since = "1.16.0")]
579 pub fn set_permissions(&self, perm: Permissions) -> io::Result<()> {
580 self.inner.set_permissions(perm.0)
584 impl AsInner<fs_imp::File> for File {
585 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::File { &self.inner }
587 impl FromInner<fs_imp::File> for File {
588 fn from_inner(f: fs_imp::File) -> File {
592 impl IntoInner<fs_imp::File> for File {
593 fn into_inner(self) -> fs_imp::File {
598 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
599 impl fmt::Debug for File {
600 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
605 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
607 fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
612 unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer {
616 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
617 impl Write for File {
618 fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
619 self.inner.write(buf)
621 fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> { self.inner.flush() }
623 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
625 fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
629 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
630 impl<'a> Read for &'a File {
631 fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
636 unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer {
640 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
641 impl<'a> Write for &'a File {
642 fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
643 self.inner.write(buf)
645 fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> { self.inner.flush() }
647 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
648 impl<'a> Seek for &'a File {
649 fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
655 /// Creates a blank new set of options ready for configuration.
657 /// All options are initially set to `false`.
662 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
664 /// let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
665 /// let file = options.read(true).open("foo.txt");
667 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
668 pub fn new() -> OpenOptions {
669 OpenOptions(fs_imp::OpenOptions::new())
672 /// Sets the option for read access.
674 /// This option, when true, will indicate that the file should be
675 /// `read`-able if opened.
680 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
682 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().read(true).open("foo.txt");
684 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
685 pub fn read(&mut self, read: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
686 self.0.read(read); self
689 /// Sets the option for write access.
691 /// This option, when true, will indicate that the file should be
692 /// `write`-able if opened.
694 /// If the file already exists, any write calls on it will overwrite its
695 /// contents, without truncating it.
700 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
702 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).open("foo.txt");
704 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
705 pub fn write(&mut self, write: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
706 self.0.write(write); self
709 /// Sets the option for the append mode.
711 /// This option, when true, means that writes will append to a file instead
712 /// of overwriting previous contents.
713 /// Note that setting `.write(true).append(true)` has the same effect as
714 /// setting only `.append(true)`.
716 /// For most filesystems, the operating system guarantees that all writes are
717 /// atomic: no writes get mangled because another process writes at the same
720 /// One maybe obvious note when using append-mode: make sure that all data
721 /// that belongs together is written to the file in one operation. This
722 /// can be done by concatenating strings before passing them to [`write()`],
723 /// or using a buffered writer (with a buffer of adequate size),
724 /// and calling [`flush()`] when the message is complete.
726 /// If a file is opened with both read and append access, beware that after
727 /// opening, and after every write, the position for reading may be set at the
728 /// end of the file. So, before writing, save the current position (using
729 /// [`seek`]`(`[`SeekFrom`]`::`[`Current`]`(0))`), and restore it before the next read.
733 /// This function doesn't create the file if it doesn't exist. Use the [`create`]
736 /// [`write()`]: ../../std/fs/struct.File.html#method.write
737 /// [`flush()`]: ../../std/fs/struct.File.html#method.flush
738 /// [`seek`]: ../../std/fs/struct.File.html#method.seek
739 /// [`SeekFrom`]: ../../std/io/enum.SeekFrom.html
740 /// [`Current`]: ../../std/io/enum.SeekFrom.html#variant.Current
741 /// [`create`]: #method.create
746 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
748 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().append(true).open("foo.txt");
750 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
751 pub fn append(&mut self, append: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
752 self.0.append(append); self
755 /// Sets the option for truncating a previous file.
757 /// If a file is successfully opened with this option set it will truncate
758 /// the file to 0 length if it already exists.
760 /// The file must be opened with write access for truncate to work.
765 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
767 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).truncate(true).open("foo.txt");
769 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
770 pub fn truncate(&mut self, truncate: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
771 self.0.truncate(truncate); self
774 /// Sets the option for creating a new file.
776 /// This option indicates whether a new file will be created if the file
777 /// does not yet already exist.
779 /// In order for the file to be created, [`write`] or [`append`] access must
782 /// [`write`]: #method.write
783 /// [`append`]: #method.append
788 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
790 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).create(true).open("foo.txt");
792 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
793 pub fn create(&mut self, create: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
794 self.0.create(create); self
797 /// Sets the option to always create a new file.
799 /// This option indicates whether a new file will be created.
800 /// No file is allowed to exist at the target location, also no (dangling)
803 /// This option is useful because it is atomic. Otherwise between checking
804 /// whether a file exists and creating a new one, the file may have been
805 /// created by another process (a TOCTOU race condition / attack).
807 /// If `.create_new(true)` is set, [`.create()`] and [`.truncate()`] are
810 /// The file must be opened with write or append access in order to create
813 /// [`.create()`]: #method.create
814 /// [`.truncate()`]: #method.truncate
819 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
821 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true)
822 /// .create_new(true)
823 /// .open("foo.txt");
825 #[stable(feature = "expand_open_options2", since = "1.9.0")]
826 pub fn create_new(&mut self, create_new: bool) -> &mut OpenOptions {
827 self.0.create_new(create_new); self
830 /// Opens a file at `path` with the options specified by `self`.
834 /// This function will return an error under a number of different
835 /// circumstances. Some of these error conditions are listed here, together
836 /// with their [`ErrorKind`]. The mapping to [`ErrorKind`]s is not part of
837 /// the compatibility contract of the function, especially the `Other` kind
838 /// might change to more specific kinds in the future.
840 /// * [`NotFound`]: The specified file does not exist and neither `create`
841 /// or `create_new` is set.
842 /// * [`NotFound`]: One of the directory components of the file path does
844 /// * [`PermissionDenied`]: The user lacks permission to get the specified
845 /// access rights for the file.
846 /// * [`PermissionDenied`]: The user lacks permission to open one of the
847 /// directory components of the specified path.
848 /// * [`AlreadyExists`]: `create_new` was specified and the file already
850 /// * [`InvalidInput`]: Invalid combinations of open options (truncate
851 /// without write access, no access mode set, etc.).
852 /// * [`Other`]: One of the directory components of the specified file path
853 /// was not, in fact, a directory.
854 /// * [`Other`]: Filesystem-level errors: full disk, write permission
855 /// requested on a read-only file system, exceeded disk quota, too many
856 /// open files, too long filename, too many symbolic links in the
857 /// specified path (Unix-like systems only), etc.
862 /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
864 /// let file = OpenOptions::new().open("foo.txt");
867 /// [`ErrorKind`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html
868 /// [`AlreadyExists`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.AlreadyExists
869 /// [`InvalidInput`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.InvalidInput
870 /// [`NotFound`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.NotFound
871 /// [`Other`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.Other
872 /// [`PermissionDenied`]: ../io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.PermissionDenied
873 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
874 pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<File> {
875 self._open(path.as_ref())
878 fn _open(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<File> {
879 let inner = fs_imp::File::open(path, &self.0)?;
884 impl AsInnerMut<fs_imp::OpenOptions> for OpenOptions {
885 fn as_inner_mut(&mut self) -> &mut fs_imp::OpenOptions { &mut self.0 }
889 /// Returns the file type for this metadata.
894 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
897 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
899 /// println!("{:?}", metadata.file_type());
903 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
904 pub fn file_type(&self) -> FileType {
905 FileType(self.0.file_type())
908 /// Returns whether this metadata is for a directory. The
909 /// result is mutually exclusive to the result of
910 /// [`is_file`], and will be false for symlink metadata
911 /// obtained from [`symlink_metadata`].
913 /// [`is_file`]: struct.Metadata.html#method.is_file
914 /// [`symlink_metadata`]: fn.symlink_metadata.html
919 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
922 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
924 /// assert!(!metadata.is_dir());
928 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
929 pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool { self.file_type().is_dir() }
931 /// Returns whether this metadata is for a regular file. The
932 /// result is mutually exclusive to the result of
933 /// [`is_dir`], and will be false for symlink metadata
934 /// obtained from [`symlink_metadata`].
936 /// [`is_dir`]: struct.Metadata.html#method.is_dir
937 /// [`symlink_metadata`]: fn.symlink_metadata.html
944 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
945 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
947 /// assert!(metadata.is_file());
951 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
952 pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool { self.file_type().is_file() }
954 /// Returns the size of the file, in bytes, this metadata is for.
961 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
962 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
964 /// assert_eq!(0, metadata.len());
968 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
969 pub fn len(&self) -> u64 { self.0.size() }
971 /// Returns the permissions of the file this metadata is for.
978 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
979 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
981 /// assert!(!metadata.permissions().readonly());
985 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
986 pub fn permissions(&self) -> Permissions {
987 Permissions(self.0.perm())
990 /// Returns the last modification time listed in this metadata.
992 /// The returned value corresponds to the `mtime` field of `stat` on Unix
993 /// platforms and the `ftLastWriteTime` field on Windows platforms.
997 /// This field may not be available on all platforms, and will return an
998 /// `Err` on platforms where it is not available.
1005 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1006 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
1008 /// if let Ok(time) = metadata.modified() {
1009 /// println!("{:?}", time);
1011 /// println!("Not supported on this platform");
1016 #[stable(feature = "fs_time", since = "1.10.0")]
1017 pub fn modified(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
1018 self.0.modified().map(FromInner::from_inner)
1021 /// Returns the last access time of this metadata.
1023 /// The returned value corresponds to the `atime` field of `stat` on Unix
1024 /// platforms and the `ftLastAccessTime` field on Windows platforms.
1026 /// Note that not all platforms will keep this field update in a file's
1027 /// metadata, for example Windows has an option to disable updating this
1028 /// time when files are accessed and Linux similarly has `noatime`.
1032 /// This field may not be available on all platforms, and will return an
1033 /// `Err` on platforms where it is not available.
1040 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1041 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
1043 /// if let Ok(time) = metadata.accessed() {
1044 /// println!("{:?}", time);
1046 /// println!("Not supported on this platform");
1051 #[stable(feature = "fs_time", since = "1.10.0")]
1052 pub fn accessed(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
1053 self.0.accessed().map(FromInner::from_inner)
1056 /// Returns the creation time listed in this metadata.
1058 /// The returned value corresponds to the `birthtime` field of `stat` on
1059 /// Unix platforms and the `ftCreationTime` field on Windows platforms.
1063 /// This field may not be available on all platforms, and will return an
1064 /// `Err` on platforms where it is not available.
1071 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1072 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
1074 /// if let Ok(time) = metadata.created() {
1075 /// println!("{:?}", time);
1077 /// println!("Not supported on this platform");
1082 #[stable(feature = "fs_time", since = "1.10.0")]
1083 pub fn created(&self) -> io::Result<SystemTime> {
1084 self.0.created().map(FromInner::from_inner)
1088 #[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
1089 impl fmt::Debug for Metadata {
1090 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
1091 f.debug_struct("Metadata")
1092 .field("file_type", &self.file_type())
1093 .field("is_dir", &self.is_dir())
1094 .field("is_file", &self.is_file())
1095 .field("permissions", &self.permissions())
1096 .field("modified", &self.modified())
1097 .field("accessed", &self.accessed())
1098 .field("created", &self.created())
1103 impl AsInner<fs_imp::FileAttr> for Metadata {
1104 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::FileAttr { &self.0 }
1108 /// Returns whether these permissions describe a readonly (unwritable) file.
1113 /// use std::fs::File;
1115 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1116 /// let mut f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
1117 /// let metadata = f.metadata()?;
1119 /// assert_eq!(false, metadata.permissions().readonly());
1123 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1124 pub fn readonly(&self) -> bool { self.0.readonly() }
1126 /// Modifies the readonly flag for this set of permissions. If the
1127 /// `readonly` argument is `true`, using the resulting `Permission` will
1128 /// update file permissions to forbid writing. Conversely, if it's `false`,
1129 /// using the resulting `Permission` will update file permissions to allow
1132 /// This operation does **not** modify the filesystem. To modify the
1133 /// filesystem use the `fs::set_permissions` function.
1138 /// use std::fs::File;
1140 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1141 /// let f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
1142 /// let metadata = f.metadata()?;
1143 /// let mut permissions = metadata.permissions();
1145 /// permissions.set_readonly(true);
1147 /// // filesystem doesn't change
1148 /// assert_eq!(false, metadata.permissions().readonly());
1150 /// // just this particular `permissions`.
1151 /// assert_eq!(true, permissions.readonly());
1155 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1156 pub fn set_readonly(&mut self, readonly: bool) {
1157 self.0.set_readonly(readonly)
1162 /// Test whether this file type represents a directory. The
1163 /// result is mutually exclusive to the results of
1164 /// [`is_file`] and [`is_symlink`]; only zero or one of these
1167 /// [`is_file`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_file
1168 /// [`is_symlink`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_symlink
1173 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1176 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
1177 /// let file_type = metadata.file_type();
1179 /// assert_eq!(file_type.is_dir(), false);
1183 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
1184 pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_dir() }
1186 /// Test whether this file type represents a regular file.
1187 /// The result is mutually exclusive to the results of
1188 /// [`is_dir`] and [`is_symlink`]; only zero or one of these
1191 /// [`is_dir`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_dir
1192 /// [`is_symlink`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_symlink
1197 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1200 /// let metadata = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?;
1201 /// let file_type = metadata.file_type();
1203 /// assert_eq!(file_type.is_file(), true);
1207 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
1208 pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_file() }
1210 /// Test whether this file type represents a symbolic link.
1211 /// The result is mutually exclusive to the results of
1212 /// [`is_dir`] and [`is_file`]; only zero or one of these
1215 /// The underlying [`Metadata`] struct needs to be retrieved
1216 /// with the [`fs::symlink_metadata`] function and not the
1217 /// [`fs::metadata`] function. The [`fs::metadata`] function
1218 /// follows symbolic links, so [`is_symlink`] would always
1219 /// return false for the target file.
1221 /// [`Metadata`]: struct.Metadata.html
1222 /// [`fs::metadata`]: fn.metadata.html
1223 /// [`fs::symlink_metadata`]: fn.symlink_metadata.html
1224 /// [`is_dir`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_dir
1225 /// [`is_file`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_file
1226 /// [`is_symlink`]: struct.FileType.html#method.is_symlink
1233 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1234 /// let metadata = fs::symlink_metadata("foo.txt")?;
1235 /// let file_type = metadata.file_type();
1237 /// assert_eq!(file_type.is_symlink(), false);
1241 #[stable(feature = "file_type", since = "1.1.0")]
1242 pub fn is_symlink(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_symlink() }
1245 impl AsInner<fs_imp::FileType> for FileType {
1246 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::FileType { &self.0 }
1249 impl FromInner<fs_imp::FilePermissions> for Permissions {
1250 fn from_inner(f: fs_imp::FilePermissions) -> Permissions {
1255 impl AsInner<fs_imp::FilePermissions> for Permissions {
1256 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::FilePermissions { &self.0 }
1259 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1260 impl Iterator for ReadDir {
1261 type Item = io::Result<DirEntry>;
1263 fn next(&mut self) -> Option<io::Result<DirEntry>> {
1264 self.0.next().map(|entry| entry.map(DirEntry))
1269 /// Returns the full path to the file that this entry represents.
1271 /// The full path is created by joining the original path to `read_dir`
1272 /// with the filename of this entry.
1279 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1280 /// for entry in fs::read_dir(".")? {
1281 /// let dir = entry?;
1282 /// println!("{:?}", dir.path());
1288 /// This prints output like:
1291 /// "./whatever.txt"
1293 /// "./hello_world.rs"
1296 /// The exact text, of course, depends on what files you have in `.`.
1297 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1298 pub fn path(&self) -> PathBuf { self.0.path() }
1300 /// Return the metadata for the file that this entry points at.
1302 /// This function will not traverse symlinks if this entry points at a
1305 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1307 /// On Windows this function is cheap to call (no extra system calls
1308 /// needed), but on Unix platforms this function is the equivalent of
1309 /// calling `symlink_metadata` on the path.
1316 /// if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(".") {
1317 /// for entry in entries {
1318 /// if let Ok(entry) = entry {
1319 /// // Here, `entry` is a `DirEntry`.
1320 /// if let Ok(metadata) = entry.metadata() {
1321 /// // Now let's show our entry's permissions!
1322 /// println!("{:?}: {:?}", entry.path(), metadata.permissions());
1324 /// println!("Couldn't get metadata for {:?}", entry.path());
1330 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
1331 pub fn metadata(&self) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
1332 self.0.metadata().map(Metadata)
1335 /// Return the file type for the file that this entry points at.
1337 /// This function will not traverse symlinks if this entry points at a
1340 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1342 /// On Windows and most Unix platforms this function is free (no extra
1343 /// system calls needed), but some Unix platforms may require the equivalent
1344 /// call to `symlink_metadata` to learn about the target file type.
1351 /// if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(".") {
1352 /// for entry in entries {
1353 /// if let Ok(entry) = entry {
1354 /// // Here, `entry` is a `DirEntry`.
1355 /// if let Ok(file_type) = entry.file_type() {
1356 /// // Now let's show our entry's file type!
1357 /// println!("{:?}: {:?}", entry.path(), file_type);
1359 /// println!("Couldn't get file type for {:?}", entry.path());
1365 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
1366 pub fn file_type(&self) -> io::Result<FileType> {
1367 self.0.file_type().map(FileType)
1370 /// Returns the bare file name of this directory entry without any other
1371 /// leading path component.
1378 /// if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(".") {
1379 /// for entry in entries {
1380 /// if let Ok(entry) = entry {
1381 /// // Here, `entry` is a `DirEntry`.
1382 /// println!("{:?}", entry.file_name());
1387 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
1388 pub fn file_name(&self) -> OsString {
1393 #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_debug", since = "1.13.0")]
1394 impl fmt::Debug for DirEntry {
1395 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
1396 f.debug_tuple("DirEntry")
1397 .field(&self.path())
1402 impl AsInner<fs_imp::DirEntry> for DirEntry {
1403 fn as_inner(&self) -> &fs_imp::DirEntry { &self.0 }
1406 /// Removes a file from the filesystem.
1408 /// Note that there is no
1409 /// guarantee that the file is immediately deleted (e.g. depending on
1410 /// platform, other open file descriptors may prevent immediate removal).
1412 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1414 /// This function currently corresponds to the `unlink` function on Unix
1415 /// and the `DeleteFile` function on Windows.
1416 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1418 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1422 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1423 /// limited to just these cases:
1425 /// * `path` points to a directory.
1426 /// * The user lacks permissions to remove the file.
1433 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1434 /// fs::remove_file("a.txt")?;
1438 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1439 pub fn remove_file<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1440 fs_imp::unlink(path.as_ref())
1443 /// Given a path, query the file system to get information about a file,
1446 /// This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the
1447 /// destination file.
1449 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1451 /// This function currently corresponds to the `stat` function on Unix
1452 /// and the `GetFileAttributesEx` function on Windows.
1453 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1455 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1459 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1460 /// limited to just these cases:
1462 /// * The user lacks permissions to perform `metadata` call on `path`.
1463 /// * `path` does not exist.
1470 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1471 /// let attr = fs::metadata("/some/file/path.txt")?;
1472 /// // inspect attr ...
1476 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1477 pub fn metadata<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
1478 fs_imp::stat(path.as_ref()).map(Metadata)
1481 /// Query the metadata about a file without following symlinks.
1483 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1485 /// This function currently corresponds to the `lstat` function on Unix
1486 /// and the `GetFileAttributesEx` function on Windows.
1487 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1489 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1493 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1494 /// limited to just these cases:
1496 /// * The user lacks permissions to perform `metadata` call on `path`.
1497 /// * `path` does not exist.
1504 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1505 /// let attr = fs::symlink_metadata("/some/file/path.txt")?;
1506 /// // inspect attr ...
1510 #[stable(feature = "symlink_metadata", since = "1.1.0")]
1511 pub fn symlink_metadata<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
1512 fs_imp::lstat(path.as_ref()).map(Metadata)
1515 /// Rename a file or directory to a new name, replacing the original file if
1516 /// `to` already exists.
1518 /// This will not work if the new name is on a different mount point.
1520 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1522 /// This function currently corresponds to the `rename` function on Unix
1523 /// and the `MoveFileEx` function with the `MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING` flag on Windows.
1525 /// Because of this, the behavior when both `from` and `to` exist differs. On
1526 /// Unix, if `from` is a directory, `to` must also be an (empty) directory. If
1527 /// `from` is not a directory, `to` must also be not a directory. In contrast,
1528 /// on Windows, `from` can be anything, but `to` must *not* be a directory.
1530 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1532 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1536 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1537 /// limited to just these cases:
1539 /// * `from` does not exist.
1540 /// * The user lacks permissions to view contents.
1541 /// * `from` and `to` are on separate filesystems.
1548 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1549 /// fs::rename("a.txt", "b.txt")?; // Rename a.txt to b.txt
1553 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1554 pub fn rename<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(from: P, to: Q) -> io::Result<()> {
1555 fs_imp::rename(from.as_ref(), to.as_ref())
1558 /// Copies the contents of one file to another. This function will also
1559 /// copy the permission bits of the original file to the destination file.
1561 /// This function will **overwrite** the contents of `to`.
1563 /// Note that if `from` and `to` both point to the same file, then the file
1564 /// will likely get truncated by this operation.
1566 /// On success, the total number of bytes copied is returned and it is equal to
1567 /// the length of the `to` file as reported by `metadata`.
1569 /// If you’re wanting to copy the contents of one file to another and you’re
1570 /// working with [`File`]s, see the [`io::copy`] function.
1572 /// [`io::copy`]: ../io/fn.copy.html
1573 /// [`File`]: ./struct.File.html
1575 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1577 /// This function currently corresponds to the `open` function in Unix
1578 /// with `O_RDONLY` for `from` and `O_WRONLY`, `O_CREAT`, and `O_TRUNC` for `to`.
1579 /// `O_CLOEXEC` is set for returned file descriptors.
1580 /// On Windows, this function currently corresponds to `CopyFileEx`. Alternate
1581 /// NTFS streams are copied but only the size of the main stream is returned by
1583 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1585 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1589 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1590 /// limited to just these cases:
1592 /// * The `from` path is not a file.
1593 /// * The `from` file does not exist.
1594 /// * The current process does not have the permission rights to access
1595 /// `from` or write `to`.
1602 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1603 /// fs::copy("foo.txt", "bar.txt")?; // Copy foo.txt to bar.txt
1607 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1608 pub fn copy<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(from: P, to: Q) -> io::Result<u64> {
1609 fs_imp::copy(from.as_ref(), to.as_ref())
1612 /// Creates a new hard link on the filesystem.
1614 /// The `dst` path will be a link pointing to the `src` path. Note that systems
1615 /// often require these two paths to both be located on the same filesystem.
1617 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1619 /// This function currently corresponds to the `link` function on Unix
1620 /// and the `CreateHardLink` function on Windows.
1621 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1623 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1627 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1628 /// limited to just these cases:
1630 /// * The `src` path is not a file or doesn't exist.
1637 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1638 /// fs::hard_link("a.txt", "b.txt")?; // Hard link a.txt to b.txt
1642 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1643 pub fn hard_link<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(src: P, dst: Q) -> io::Result<()> {
1644 fs_imp::link(src.as_ref(), dst.as_ref())
1647 /// Creates a new symbolic link on the filesystem.
1649 /// The `dst` path will be a symbolic link pointing to the `src` path.
1650 /// On Windows, this will be a file symlink, not a directory symlink;
1651 /// for this reason, the platform-specific `std::os::unix::fs::symlink`
1652 /// and `std::os::windows::fs::{symlink_file, symlink_dir}` should be
1653 /// used instead to make the intent explicit.
1660 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1661 /// fs::soft_link("a.txt", "b.txt")?;
1665 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1666 #[rustc_deprecated(since = "1.1.0",
1667 reason = "replaced with std::os::unix::fs::symlink and \
1668 std::os::windows::fs::{symlink_file, symlink_dir}")]
1669 pub fn soft_link<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(src: P, dst: Q) -> io::Result<()> {
1670 fs_imp::symlink(src.as_ref(), dst.as_ref())
1673 /// Reads a symbolic link, returning the file that the link points to.
1675 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1677 /// This function currently corresponds to the `readlink` function on Unix
1678 /// and the `CreateFile` function with `FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT` and
1679 /// `FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS` flags on Windows.
1680 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1682 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1686 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1687 /// limited to just these cases:
1689 /// * `path` is not a symbolic link.
1690 /// * `path` does not exist.
1697 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1698 /// let path = fs::read_link("a.txt")?;
1702 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1703 pub fn read_link<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
1704 fs_imp::readlink(path.as_ref())
1707 /// Returns the canonical, absolute form of a path with all intermediate
1708 /// components normalized and symbolic links resolved.
1710 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1712 /// This function currently corresponds to the `realpath` function on Unix
1713 /// and the `CreateFile` and `GetFinalPathNameByHandle` functions on Windows.
1714 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1716 /// On Windows, this converts the path to use [extended length path][path]
1717 /// syntax, which allows your program to use longer path names, but means you
1718 /// can only join backslash-delimited paths to it, and it may be incompatible
1719 /// with other applications (if passed to the application on the command-line,
1720 /// or written to a file another application may read).
1722 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1723 /// [path]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx#maxpath
1727 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1728 /// limited to just these cases:
1730 /// * `path` does not exist.
1731 /// * A component in path is not a directory.
1738 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1739 /// let path = fs::canonicalize("../a/../foo.txt")?;
1743 #[stable(feature = "fs_canonicalize", since = "1.5.0")]
1744 pub fn canonicalize<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
1745 fs_imp::canonicalize(path.as_ref())
1748 /// Creates a new, empty directory at the provided path
1750 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1752 /// This function currently corresponds to the `mkdir` function on Unix
1753 /// and the `CreateDirectory` function on Windows.
1754 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1756 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1758 /// **NOTE**: If a parent of the given path doesn't exist, this function will
1759 /// return an error. To create a directory and all its missing parents at the
1760 /// same time, use the [`create_dir_all`] function.
1764 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1765 /// limited to just these cases:
1767 /// * User lacks permissions to create directory at `path`.
1768 /// * A parent of the given path doesn't exist. (To create a directory and all
1769 /// its missing parents at the same time, use the [`create_dir_all`]
1771 /// * `path` already exists.
1778 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1779 /// fs::create_dir("/some/dir")?;
1783 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1784 pub fn create_dir<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1785 DirBuilder::new().create(path.as_ref())
1788 /// Recursively create a directory and all of its parent components if they
1791 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1793 /// This function currently corresponds to the `mkdir` function on Unix
1794 /// and the `CreateDirectory` function on Windows.
1795 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1797 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1801 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1802 /// limited to just these cases:
1804 /// * If any directory in the path specified by `path`
1805 /// does not already exist and it could not be created otherwise. The specific
1806 /// error conditions for when a directory is being created (after it is
1807 /// determined to not exist) are outlined by `fs::create_dir`.
1809 /// Notable exception is made for situations where any of the directories
1810 /// specified in the `path` could not be created as it was being created concurrently.
1811 /// Such cases are considered to be successful. That is, calling `create_dir_all`
1812 /// concurrently from multiple threads or processes is guaranteed not to fail
1813 /// due to a race condition with itself.
1820 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1821 /// fs::create_dir_all("/some/dir")?;
1825 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1826 pub fn create_dir_all<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1827 DirBuilder::new().recursive(true).create(path.as_ref())
1830 /// Removes an existing, empty directory.
1832 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1834 /// This function currently corresponds to the `rmdir` function on Unix
1835 /// and the `RemoveDirectory` function on Windows.
1836 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1838 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1842 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1843 /// limited to just these cases:
1845 /// * The user lacks permissions to remove the directory at the provided `path`.
1846 /// * The directory isn't empty.
1853 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1854 /// fs::remove_dir("/some/dir")?;
1858 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1859 pub fn remove_dir<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1860 fs_imp::rmdir(path.as_ref())
1863 /// Removes a directory at this path, after removing all its contents. Use
1866 /// This function does **not** follow symbolic links and it will simply remove the
1867 /// symbolic link itself.
1869 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1871 /// This function currently corresponds to `opendir`, `lstat`, `rm` and `rmdir` functions on Unix
1872 /// and the `FindFirstFile`, `GetFileAttributesEx`, `DeleteFile`, and `RemoveDirectory` functions
1874 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1876 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1880 /// See `file::remove_file` and `fs::remove_dir`.
1887 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1888 /// fs::remove_dir_all("/some/dir")?;
1892 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1893 pub fn remove_dir_all<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
1894 fs_imp::remove_dir_all(path.as_ref())
1897 /// Returns an iterator over the entries within a directory.
1899 /// The iterator will yield instances of [`io::Result`]`<`[`DirEntry`]`>`.
1900 /// New errors may be encountered after an iterator is initially constructed.
1902 /// [`io::Result`]: ../io/type.Result.html
1903 /// [`DirEntry`]: struct.DirEntry.html
1905 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1907 /// This function currently corresponds to the `opendir` function on Unix
1908 /// and the `FindFirstFile` function on Windows.
1909 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1911 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1915 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1916 /// limited to just these cases:
1918 /// * The provided `path` doesn't exist.
1919 /// * The process lacks permissions to view the contents.
1920 /// * The `path` points at a non-directory file.
1926 /// use std::fs::{self, DirEntry};
1927 /// use std::path::Path;
1929 /// // one possible implementation of walking a directory only visiting files
1930 /// fn visit_dirs(dir: &Path, cb: &Fn(&DirEntry)) -> io::Result<()> {
1931 /// if dir.is_dir() {
1932 /// for entry in fs::read_dir(dir)? {
1933 /// let entry = entry?;
1934 /// let path = entry.path();
1935 /// if path.is_dir() {
1936 /// visit_dirs(&path, cb)?;
1945 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
1946 pub fn read_dir<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<ReadDir> {
1947 fs_imp::readdir(path.as_ref()).map(ReadDir)
1950 /// Changes the permissions found on a file or a directory.
1952 /// # Platform-specific behavior
1954 /// This function currently corresponds to the `chmod` function on Unix
1955 /// and the `SetFileAttributes` function on Windows.
1956 /// Note that, this [may change in the future][changes].
1958 /// [changes]: ../io/index.html#platform-specific-behavior
1962 /// This function will return an error in the following situations, but is not
1963 /// limited to just these cases:
1965 /// * `path` does not exist.
1966 /// * The user lacks the permission to change attributes of the file.
1973 /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
1974 /// let mut perms = fs::metadata("foo.txt")?.permissions();
1975 /// perms.set_readonly(true);
1976 /// fs::set_permissions("foo.txt", perms)?;
1980 #[stable(feature = "set_permissions", since = "1.1.0")]
1981 pub fn set_permissions<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, perm: Permissions)
1983 fs_imp::set_perm(path.as_ref(), perm.0)
1987 /// Creates a new set of options with default mode/security settings for all
1988 /// platforms and also non-recursive.
1993 /// use std::fs::DirBuilder;
1995 /// let builder = DirBuilder::new();
1997 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
1998 pub fn new() -> DirBuilder {
2000 inner: fs_imp::DirBuilder::new(),
2005 /// Indicates that directories should be created recursively, creating all
2006 /// parent directories. Parents that do not exist are created with the same
2007 /// security and permissions settings.
2009 /// This option defaults to `false`.
2014 /// use std::fs::DirBuilder;
2016 /// let mut builder = DirBuilder::new();
2017 /// builder.recursive(true);
2019 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
2020 pub fn recursive(&mut self, recursive: bool) -> &mut Self {
2021 self.recursive = recursive;
2025 /// Create the specified directory with the options configured in this
2028 /// It is considered an error if the directory already exists unless
2029 /// recursive mode is enabled.
2034 /// use std::fs::{self, DirBuilder};
2036 /// let path = "/tmp/foo/bar/baz";
2037 /// DirBuilder::new()
2038 /// .recursive(true)
2039 /// .create(path).unwrap();
2041 /// assert!(fs::metadata(path).unwrap().is_dir());
2043 #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
2044 pub fn create<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P) -> io::Result<()> {
2045 self._create(path.as_ref())
2048 fn _create(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
2050 self.create_dir_all(path)
2052 self.inner.mkdir(path)
2056 fn create_dir_all(&self, path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
2057 if path == Path::new("") {
2061 match self.inner.mkdir(path) {
2062 Ok(()) => return Ok(()),
2063 Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
2064 Err(_) if path.is_dir() => return Ok(()),
2065 Err(e) => return Err(e),
2067 match path.parent() {
2068 Some(p) => self.create_dir_all(p)?,
2069 None => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "failed to create whole tree")),
2071 match self.inner.mkdir(path) {
2073 Err(_) if path.is_dir() => Ok(()),
2079 impl AsInnerMut<fs_imp::DirBuilder> for DirBuilder {
2080 fn as_inner_mut(&mut self) -> &mut fs_imp::DirBuilder {
2085 #[cfg(all(test, not(any(target_os = "cloudabi", target_os = "emscripten"))))]
2089 use fs::{self, File, OpenOptions};
2090 use io::{ErrorKind, SeekFrom};
2092 use rand::{StdRng, FromEntropy, RngCore};
2094 use sys_common::io::test::{TempDir, tmpdir};
2098 use os::windows::fs::{symlink_dir, symlink_file};
2100 use sys::fs::symlink_junction;
2102 use os::unix::fs::symlink as symlink_dir;
2104 use os::unix::fs::symlink as symlink_file;
2106 use os::unix::fs::symlink as symlink_junction;
2108 macro_rules! check { ($e:expr) => (
2111 Err(e) => panic!("{} failed with: {}", stringify!($e), e),
2116 macro_rules! error { ($e:expr, $s:expr) => (
2118 Ok(_) => panic!("Unexpected success. Should've been: {:?}", $s),
2119 Err(ref err) => assert!(err.raw_os_error() == Some($s),
2120 format!("`{}` did not have a code of `{}`", err, $s))
2125 macro_rules! error { ($e:expr, $s:expr) => ( error_contains!($e, $s) ) }
2127 macro_rules! error_contains { ($e:expr, $s:expr) => (
2129 Ok(_) => panic!("Unexpected success. Should've been: {:?}", $s),
2130 Err(ref err) => assert!(err.to_string().contains($s),
2131 format!("`{}` did not contain `{}`", err, $s))
2135 // Several test fail on windows if the user does not have permission to
2136 // create symlinks (the `SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege`). Instead of
2137 // disabling these test on Windows, use this function to test whether we
2138 // have permission, and return otherwise. This way, we still don't run these
2139 // tests most of the time, but at least we do if the user has the right
2141 pub fn got_symlink_permission(tmpdir: &TempDir) -> bool {
2142 if cfg!(unix) { return true }
2143 let link = tmpdir.join("some_hopefully_unique_link_name");
2145 match symlink_file(r"nonexisting_target", link) {
2147 // ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD = 1314
2148 Err(ref err) if err.raw_os_error() == Some(1314) => false,
2154 fn file_test_io_smoke_test() {
2155 let message = "it's alright. have a good time";
2156 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2157 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test.txt");
2159 let mut write_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2160 check!(write_stream.write(message.as_bytes()));
2163 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2164 let mut read_buf = [0; 1028];
2165 let read_str = match check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_buf)) {
2166 0 => panic!("shouldn't happen"),
2167 n => str::from_utf8(&read_buf[..n]).unwrap().to_string()
2169 assert_eq!(read_str, message);
2171 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2175 fn invalid_path_raises() {
2176 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2177 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_that_does_not_exist.txt");
2178 let result = File::open(filename);
2181 error!(result, "No such file or directory");
2183 error!(result, 2); // ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
2187 fn file_test_iounlinking_invalid_path_should_raise_condition() {
2188 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2189 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_another_file_that_does_not_exist.txt");
2191 let result = fs::remove_file(filename);
2194 error!(result, "No such file or directory");
2196 error!(result, 2); // ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
2200 fn file_test_io_non_positional_read() {
2201 let message: &str = "ten-four";
2202 let mut read_mem = [0; 8];
2203 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2204 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_positional.txt");
2206 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2207 check!(rw_stream.write(message.as_bytes()));
2210 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2212 let read_buf = &mut read_mem[0..4];
2213 check!(read_stream.read(read_buf));
2216 let read_buf = &mut read_mem[4..8];
2217 check!(read_stream.read(read_buf));
2220 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2221 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap();
2222 assert_eq!(read_str, message);
2226 fn file_test_io_seek_and_tell_smoke_test() {
2227 let message = "ten-four";
2228 let mut read_mem = [0; 4];
2229 let set_cursor = 4 as u64;
2230 let tell_pos_pre_read;
2231 let tell_pos_post_read;
2232 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2233 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seeking.txt");
2235 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2236 check!(rw_stream.write(message.as_bytes()));
2239 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2240 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Start(set_cursor)));
2241 tell_pos_pre_read = check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)));
2242 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2243 tell_pos_post_read = check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)));
2245 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2246 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap();
2247 assert_eq!(read_str, &message[4..8]);
2248 assert_eq!(tell_pos_pre_read, set_cursor);
2249 assert_eq!(tell_pos_post_read, message.len() as u64);
2253 fn file_test_io_seek_and_write() {
2254 let initial_msg = "food-is-yummy";
2255 let overwrite_msg = "-the-bar!!";
2256 let final_msg = "foo-the-bar!!";
2258 let mut read_mem = [0; 13];
2259 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2260 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seek_and_write.txt");
2262 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2263 check!(rw_stream.write(initial_msg.as_bytes()));
2264 check!(rw_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Start(seek_idx)));
2265 check!(rw_stream.write(overwrite_msg.as_bytes()));
2268 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2269 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2271 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2272 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap();
2273 assert!(read_str == final_msg);
2277 fn file_test_io_seek_shakedown() {
2279 let initial_msg = "qwer-asdf-zxcv";
2280 let chunk_one: &str = "qwer";
2281 let chunk_two: &str = "asdf";
2282 let chunk_three: &str = "zxcv";
2283 let mut read_mem = [0; 4];
2284 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2285 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seek_shakedown.txt");
2287 let mut rw_stream = check!(File::create(filename));
2288 check!(rw_stream.write(initial_msg.as_bytes()));
2291 let mut read_stream = check!(File::open(filename));
2293 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::End(-4)));
2294 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2295 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap(), chunk_three);
2297 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Current(-9)));
2298 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2299 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap(), chunk_two);
2301 check!(read_stream.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0)));
2302 check!(read_stream.read(&mut read_mem));
2303 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&read_mem).unwrap(), chunk_one);
2305 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2309 fn file_test_io_eof() {
2310 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2311 let filename = tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_eof.txt");
2312 let mut buf = [0; 256];
2314 let oo = OpenOptions::new().create_new(true).write(true).read(true).clone();
2315 let mut rw = check!(oo.open(&filename));
2316 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), 0);
2317 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), 0);
2319 check!(fs::remove_file(&filename));
2324 fn file_test_io_read_write_at() {
2325 use os::unix::fs::FileExt;
2327 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2328 let filename = tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_read_write_at.txt");
2329 let mut buf = [0; 256];
2330 let write1 = "asdf";
2331 let write2 = "qwer-";
2332 let write3 = "-zxcv";
2333 let content = "qwer-asdf-zxcv";
2335 let oo = OpenOptions::new().create_new(true).write(true).read(true).clone();
2336 let mut rw = check!(oo.open(&filename));
2337 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write_at(write1.as_bytes(), 5)), write1.len());
2338 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2339 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read_at(&mut buf, 5)), write1.len());
2340 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2341 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2342 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read_at(&mut buf[..write2.len()], 0)), write2.len());
2343 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write2.len()]), Ok("\0\0\0\0\0"));
2344 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2345 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write(write2.as_bytes())), write2.len());
2346 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 5);
2347 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), write1.len());
2348 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2349 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2350 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read_at(&mut buf[..write2.len()], 0)), write2.len());
2351 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write2.len()]), Ok(write2));
2352 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2353 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write_at(write3.as_bytes(), 9)), write3.len());
2354 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2357 let mut read = check!(File::open(&filename));
2358 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2359 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2360 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 0);
2361 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5))), 9);
2362 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2363 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2364 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2365 assert_eq!(check!(read.read(&mut buf)), write3.len());
2366 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write3.len()]), Ok(write3));
2367 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2368 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2369 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2370 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2371 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 14)), 0);
2372 assert_eq!(check!(read.read_at(&mut buf, 15)), 0);
2373 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2375 check!(fs::remove_file(&filename));
2380 fn set_get_unix_permissions() {
2381 use os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
2383 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2384 let filename = &tmpdir.join("set_get_unix_permissions");
2385 check!(fs::create_dir(filename));
2388 check!(fs::set_permissions(filename,
2389 fs::Permissions::from_mode(0)));
2390 let metadata0 = check!(fs::metadata(filename));
2391 assert_eq!(mask & metadata0.permissions().mode(), 0);
2393 check!(fs::set_permissions(filename,
2394 fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o1777)));
2395 let metadata1 = check!(fs::metadata(filename));
2396 assert_eq!(mask & metadata1.permissions().mode(), 0o1777);
2401 fn file_test_io_seek_read_write() {
2402 use os::windows::fs::FileExt;
2404 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2405 let filename = tmpdir.join("file_rt_io_file_test_seek_read_write.txt");
2406 let mut buf = [0; 256];
2407 let write1 = "asdf";
2408 let write2 = "qwer-";
2409 let write3 = "-zxcv";
2410 let content = "qwer-asdf-zxcv";
2412 let oo = OpenOptions::new().create_new(true).write(true).read(true).clone();
2413 let mut rw = check!(oo.open(&filename));
2414 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_write(write1.as_bytes(), 5)), write1.len());
2415 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2416 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_read(&mut buf, 5)), write1.len());
2417 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2418 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2419 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))), 0);
2420 assert_eq!(check!(rw.write(write2.as_bytes())), write2.len());
2421 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 5);
2422 assert_eq!(check!(rw.read(&mut buf)), write1.len());
2423 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write1.len()]), Ok(write1));
2424 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 9);
2425 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_read(&mut buf[..write2.len()], 0)), write2.len());
2426 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write2.len()]), Ok(write2));
2427 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 5);
2428 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek_write(write3.as_bytes(), 9)), write3.len());
2429 assert_eq!(check!(rw.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2432 let mut read = check!(File::open(&filename));
2433 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2434 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2435 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2436 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5))), 9);
2437 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2438 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2439 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2440 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::End(-5))), 9);
2441 assert_eq!(check!(read.read(&mut buf)), write3.len());
2442 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..write3.len()]), Ok(write3));
2443 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2444 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 0)), content.len());
2445 assert_eq!(str::from_utf8(&buf[..content.len()]), Ok(content));
2446 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))), 14);
2447 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 14)), 0);
2448 assert_eq!(check!(read.seek_read(&mut buf, 15)), 0);
2450 check!(fs::remove_file(&filename));
2454 fn file_test_stat_is_correct_on_is_file() {
2455 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2456 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_stat_correct_on_is_file.txt");
2458 let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
2459 let mut fs = check!(opts.read(true).write(true)
2460 .create(true).open(filename));
2462 fs.write(msg.as_bytes()).unwrap();
2464 let fstat_res = check!(fs.metadata());
2465 assert!(fstat_res.is_file());
2467 let stat_res_fn = check!(fs::metadata(filename));
2468 assert!(stat_res_fn.is_file());
2469 let stat_res_meth = check!(filename.metadata());
2470 assert!(stat_res_meth.is_file());
2471 check!(fs::remove_file(filename));
2475 fn file_test_stat_is_correct_on_is_dir() {
2476 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2477 let filename = &tmpdir.join("file_stat_correct_on_is_dir");
2478 check!(fs::create_dir(filename));
2479 let stat_res_fn = check!(fs::metadata(filename));
2480 assert!(stat_res_fn.is_dir());
2481 let stat_res_meth = check!(filename.metadata());
2482 assert!(stat_res_meth.is_dir());
2483 check!(fs::remove_dir(filename));
2487 fn file_test_fileinfo_false_when_checking_is_file_on_a_directory() {
2488 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2489 let dir = &tmpdir.join("fileinfo_false_on_dir");
2490 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2491 assert!(!dir.is_file());
2492 check!(fs::remove_dir(dir));
2496 fn file_test_fileinfo_check_exists_before_and_after_file_creation() {
2497 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2498 let file = &tmpdir.join("fileinfo_check_exists_b_and_a.txt");
2499 check!(check!(File::create(file)).write(b"foo"));
2500 assert!(file.exists());
2501 check!(fs::remove_file(file));
2502 assert!(!file.exists());
2506 fn file_test_directoryinfo_check_exists_before_and_after_mkdir() {
2507 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2508 let dir = &tmpdir.join("before_and_after_dir");
2509 assert!(!dir.exists());
2510 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2511 assert!(dir.exists());
2512 assert!(dir.is_dir());
2513 check!(fs::remove_dir(dir));
2514 assert!(!dir.exists());
2518 fn file_test_directoryinfo_readdir() {
2519 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2520 let dir = &tmpdir.join("di_readdir");
2521 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2524 let f = dir.join(&format!("{}.txt", n));
2525 let mut w = check!(File::create(&f));
2526 let msg_str = format!("{}{}", prefix, n.to_string());
2527 let msg = msg_str.as_bytes();
2528 check!(w.write(msg));
2530 let files = check!(fs::read_dir(dir));
2531 let mut mem = [0; 4];
2533 let f = f.unwrap().path();
2535 let n = f.file_stem().unwrap();
2536 check!(check!(File::open(&f)).read(&mut mem));
2537 let read_str = str::from_utf8(&mem).unwrap();
2538 let expected = format!("{}{}", prefix, n.to_str().unwrap());
2539 assert_eq!(expected, read_str);
2541 check!(fs::remove_file(&f));
2543 check!(fs::remove_dir(dir));
2547 fn file_create_new_already_exists_error() {
2548 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2549 let file = &tmpdir.join("file_create_new_error_exists");
2550 check!(fs::File::create(file));
2551 let e = fs::OpenOptions::new().write(true).create_new(true).open(file).unwrap_err();
2552 assert_eq!(e.kind(), ErrorKind::AlreadyExists);
2556 fn mkdir_path_already_exists_error() {
2557 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2558 let dir = &tmpdir.join("mkdir_error_twice");
2559 check!(fs::create_dir(dir));
2560 let e = fs::create_dir(dir).unwrap_err();
2561 assert_eq!(e.kind(), ErrorKind::AlreadyExists);
2565 fn recursive_mkdir() {
2566 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2567 let dir = tmpdir.join("d1/d2");
2568 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2569 assert!(dir.is_dir())
2573 fn recursive_mkdir_failure() {
2574 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2575 let dir = tmpdir.join("d1");
2576 let file = dir.join("f1");
2578 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2579 check!(File::create(&file));
2581 let result = fs::create_dir_all(&file);
2583 assert!(result.is_err());
2587 fn concurrent_recursive_mkdir() {
2590 let mut dir = dir.join("a");
2592 dir = dir.join("a");
2594 let mut join = vec!();
2596 let dir = dir.clone();
2597 join.push(thread::spawn(move || {
2598 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2602 // No `Display` on result of `join()`
2603 join.drain(..).map(|join| join.join().unwrap()).count();
2608 fn recursive_mkdir_slash() {
2609 check!(fs::create_dir_all(Path::new("/")));
2613 fn recursive_mkdir_dot() {
2614 check!(fs::create_dir_all(Path::new(".")));
2618 fn recursive_mkdir_empty() {
2619 check!(fs::create_dir_all(Path::new("")));
2623 fn recursive_rmdir() {
2624 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2625 let d1 = tmpdir.join("d1");
2626 let dt = d1.join("t");
2627 let dtt = dt.join("t");
2628 let d2 = tmpdir.join("d2");
2629 let canary = d2.join("do_not_delete");
2630 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dtt));
2631 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&d2));
2632 check!(check!(File::create(&canary)).write(b"foo"));
2633 check!(symlink_junction(&d2, &dt.join("d2")));
2634 let _ = symlink_file(&canary, &d1.join("canary"));
2635 check!(fs::remove_dir_all(&d1));
2637 assert!(!d1.is_dir());
2638 assert!(canary.exists());
2642 fn recursive_rmdir_of_symlink() {
2643 // test we do not recursively delete a symlink but only dirs.
2644 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2645 let link = tmpdir.join("d1");
2646 let dir = tmpdir.join("d2");
2647 let canary = dir.join("do_not_delete");
2648 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
2649 check!(check!(File::create(&canary)).write(b"foo"));
2650 check!(symlink_junction(&dir, &link));
2651 check!(fs::remove_dir_all(&link));
2653 assert!(!link.is_dir());
2654 assert!(canary.exists());
2658 // only Windows makes a distinction between file and directory symlinks.
2660 fn recursive_rmdir_of_file_symlink() {
2661 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2662 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2664 let f1 = tmpdir.join("f1");
2665 let f2 = tmpdir.join("f2");
2666 check!(check!(File::create(&f1)).write(b"foo"));
2667 check!(symlink_file(&f1, &f2));
2668 match fs::remove_dir_all(&f2) {
2669 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2675 fn unicode_path_is_dir() {
2676 assert!(Path::new(".").is_dir());
2677 assert!(!Path::new("test/stdtest/fs.rs").is_dir());
2679 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2681 let mut dirpath = tmpdir.path().to_path_buf();
2682 dirpath.push("test-가一ー你好");
2683 check!(fs::create_dir(&dirpath));
2684 assert!(dirpath.is_dir());
2686 let mut filepath = dirpath;
2687 filepath.push("unicode-file-\u{ac00}\u{4e00}\u{30fc}\u{4f60}\u{597d}.rs");
2688 check!(File::create(&filepath)); // ignore return; touch only
2689 assert!(!filepath.is_dir());
2690 assert!(filepath.exists());
2694 fn unicode_path_exists() {
2695 assert!(Path::new(".").exists());
2696 assert!(!Path::new("test/nonexistent-bogus-path").exists());
2698 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2699 let unicode = tmpdir.path();
2700 let unicode = unicode.join("test-각丁ー再见");
2701 check!(fs::create_dir(&unicode));
2702 assert!(unicode.exists());
2703 assert!(!Path::new("test/unicode-bogus-path-각丁ー再见").exists());
2707 fn copy_file_does_not_exist() {
2708 let from = Path::new("test/nonexistent-bogus-path");
2709 let to = Path::new("test/other-bogus-path");
2711 match fs::copy(&from, &to) {
2714 assert!(!from.exists());
2715 assert!(!to.exists());
2721 fn copy_src_does_not_exist() {
2722 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2723 let from = Path::new("test/nonexistent-bogus-path");
2724 let to = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2725 check!(check!(File::create(&to)).write(b"hello"));
2726 assert!(fs::copy(&from, &to).is_err());
2727 assert!(!from.exists());
2728 let mut v = Vec::new();
2729 check!(check!(File::open(&to)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2730 assert_eq!(v, b"hello");
2735 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2736 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2737 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2739 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write(b"hello"));
2740 check!(fs::copy(&input, &out));
2741 let mut v = Vec::new();
2742 check!(check!(File::open(&out)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2743 assert_eq!(v, b"hello");
2745 assert_eq!(check!(input.metadata()).permissions(),
2746 check!(out.metadata()).permissions());
2750 fn copy_file_dst_dir() {
2751 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2752 let out = tmpdir.join("out");
2754 check!(File::create(&out));
2755 match fs::copy(&*out, tmpdir.path()) {
2756 Ok(..) => panic!(), Err(..) => {}
2761 fn copy_file_dst_exists() {
2762 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2763 let input = tmpdir.join("in");
2764 let output = tmpdir.join("out");
2766 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write("foo".as_bytes()));
2767 check!(check!(File::create(&output)).write("bar".as_bytes()));
2768 check!(fs::copy(&input, &output));
2770 let mut v = Vec::new();
2771 check!(check!(File::open(&output)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2772 assert_eq!(v, b"foo".to_vec());
2776 fn copy_file_src_dir() {
2777 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2778 let out = tmpdir.join("out");
2780 match fs::copy(tmpdir.path(), &out) {
2781 Ok(..) => panic!(), Err(..) => {}
2783 assert!(!out.exists());
2787 fn copy_file_preserves_perm_bits() {
2788 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2789 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2790 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2792 let attr = check!(check!(File::create(&input)).metadata());
2793 let mut p = attr.permissions();
2794 p.set_readonly(true);
2795 check!(fs::set_permissions(&input, p));
2796 check!(fs::copy(&input, &out));
2797 assert!(check!(out.metadata()).permissions().readonly());
2798 check!(fs::set_permissions(&input, attr.permissions()));
2799 check!(fs::set_permissions(&out, attr.permissions()));
2804 fn copy_file_preserves_streams() {
2806 check!(check!(File::create(tmp.join("in.txt:bunny"))).write("carrot".as_bytes()));
2807 assert_eq!(check!(fs::copy(tmp.join("in.txt"), tmp.join("out.txt"))), 0);
2808 assert_eq!(check!(tmp.join("out.txt").metadata()).len(), 0);
2809 let mut v = Vec::new();
2810 check!(check!(File::open(tmp.join("out.txt:bunny"))).read_to_end(&mut v));
2811 assert_eq!(v, b"carrot".to_vec());
2815 fn copy_file_returns_metadata_len() {
2817 let in_path = tmp.join("in.txt");
2818 let out_path = tmp.join("out.txt");
2819 check!(check!(File::create(&in_path)).write(b"lettuce"));
2821 check!(check!(File::create(tmp.join("in.txt:bunny"))).write(b"carrot"));
2822 let copied_len = check!(fs::copy(&in_path, &out_path));
2823 assert_eq!(check!(out_path.metadata()).len(), copied_len);
2827 fn symlinks_work() {
2828 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2829 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2831 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2832 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2834 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write("foobar".as_bytes()));
2835 check!(symlink_file(&input, &out));
2836 assert!(check!(out.symlink_metadata()).file_type().is_symlink());
2837 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&out)).len(),
2838 check!(fs::metadata(&input)).len());
2839 let mut v = Vec::new();
2840 check!(check!(File::open(&out)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2841 assert_eq!(v, b"foobar".to_vec());
2845 fn symlink_noexist() {
2846 // Symlinks can point to things that don't exist
2847 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2848 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2850 // Use a relative path for testing. Symlinks get normalized by Windows,
2851 // so we may not get the same path back for absolute paths
2852 check!(symlink_file(&"foo", &tmpdir.join("bar")));
2853 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(&tmpdir.join("bar"))).to_str().unwrap(),
2860 // directory symlink
2861 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(r"C:\Users\All Users")).to_str().unwrap(),
2864 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(r"C:\Users\Default User")).to_str().unwrap(),
2865 r"C:\Users\Default");
2866 // junction with special permissions
2867 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(r"C:\Documents and Settings\")).to_str().unwrap(),
2870 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2871 let link = tmpdir.join("link");
2872 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
2873 check!(symlink_file(&"foo", &link));
2874 assert_eq!(check!(fs::read_link(&link)).to_str().unwrap(), "foo");
2878 fn readlink_not_symlink() {
2879 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2880 match fs::read_link(tmpdir.path()) {
2881 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2888 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2889 let input = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2890 let out = tmpdir.join("out.txt");
2892 check!(check!(File::create(&input)).write("foobar".as_bytes()));
2893 check!(fs::hard_link(&input, &out));
2894 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&out)).len(),
2895 check!(fs::metadata(&input)).len());
2896 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&out)).len(),
2897 check!(input.metadata()).len());
2898 let mut v = Vec::new();
2899 check!(check!(File::open(&out)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2900 assert_eq!(v, b"foobar".to_vec());
2902 // can't link to yourself
2903 match fs::hard_link(&input, &input) {
2904 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2907 // can't link to something that doesn't exist
2908 match fs::hard_link(&tmpdir.join("foo"), &tmpdir.join("bar")) {
2909 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted a failure"),
2916 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2917 let file = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2919 check!(File::create(&file));
2920 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&file));
2921 assert!(!attr.permissions().readonly());
2922 let mut p = attr.permissions();
2923 p.set_readonly(true);
2924 check!(fs::set_permissions(&file, p.clone()));
2925 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&file));
2926 assert!(attr.permissions().readonly());
2928 match fs::set_permissions(&tmpdir.join("foo"), p.clone()) {
2929 Ok(..) => panic!("wanted an error"),
2933 p.set_readonly(false);
2934 check!(fs::set_permissions(&file, p));
2939 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2940 let path = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2942 let file = check!(File::create(&path));
2943 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&path));
2944 assert!(!attr.permissions().readonly());
2945 let mut p = attr.permissions();
2946 p.set_readonly(true);
2947 check!(file.set_permissions(p.clone()));
2948 let attr = check!(fs::metadata(&path));
2949 assert!(attr.permissions().readonly());
2951 p.set_readonly(false);
2952 check!(file.set_permissions(p));
2956 fn sync_doesnt_kill_anything() {
2957 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2958 let path = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2960 let mut file = check!(File::create(&path));
2961 check!(file.sync_all());
2962 check!(file.sync_data());
2963 check!(file.write(b"foo"));
2964 check!(file.sync_all());
2965 check!(file.sync_data());
2969 fn truncate_works() {
2970 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
2971 let path = tmpdir.join("in.txt");
2973 let mut file = check!(File::create(&path));
2974 check!(file.write(b"foo"));
2975 check!(file.sync_all());
2977 // Do some simple things with truncation
2978 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 3);
2979 check!(file.set_len(10));
2980 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 10);
2981 check!(file.write(b"bar"));
2982 check!(file.sync_all());
2983 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 10);
2985 let mut v = Vec::new();
2986 check!(check!(File::open(&path)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2987 assert_eq!(v, b"foobar\0\0\0\0".to_vec());
2989 // Truncate to a smaller length, don't seek, and then write something.
2990 // Ensure that the intermediate zeroes are all filled in (we have `seek`ed
2991 // past the end of the file).
2992 check!(file.set_len(2));
2993 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 2);
2994 check!(file.write(b"wut"));
2995 check!(file.sync_all());
2996 assert_eq!(check!(file.metadata()).len(), 9);
2997 let mut v = Vec::new();
2998 check!(check!(File::open(&path)).read_to_end(&mut v));
2999 assert_eq!(v, b"fo\0\0\0\0wut".to_vec());
3004 use fs::OpenOptions as OO;
3005 fn c<T: Clone>(t: &T) -> T { t.clone() }
3007 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3009 let mut r = OO::new(); r.read(true);
3010 let mut w = OO::new(); w.write(true);
3011 let mut rw = OO::new(); rw.read(true).write(true);
3012 let mut a = OO::new(); a.append(true);
3013 let mut ra = OO::new(); ra.read(true).append(true);
3016 let invalid_options = 87; // ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
3018 let invalid_options = "Invalid argument";
3020 // Test various combinations of creation modes and access modes.
3023 // creation mode | read | write | read-write | append | read-append |
3024 // :-----------------------|:-----:|:-----:|:----------:|:------:|:-----------:|
3025 // not set (open existing) | X | X | X | X | X |
3026 // create | | X | X | X | X |
3027 // truncate | | X | X | | |
3028 // create and truncate | | X | X | | |
3029 // create_new | | X | X | X | X |
3031 // tested in reverse order, so 'create_new' creates the file, and 'open existing' opens it.
3034 check!(c(&w).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
3035 check!(c(&w).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
3036 check!(c(&w).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
3037 check!(c(&w).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
3038 check!(c(&w).open(&tmpdir.join("a")));
3041 error!(c(&r).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
3042 error!(c(&r).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
3043 error!(c(&r).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
3044 error!(c(&r).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("b")), invalid_options);
3045 check!(c(&r).open(&tmpdir.join("a"))); // try opening the file created with write_only
3048 check!(c(&rw).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
3049 check!(c(&rw).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
3050 check!(c(&rw).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
3051 check!(c(&rw).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
3052 check!(c(&rw).open(&tmpdir.join("c")));
3055 check!(c(&a).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")));
3056 error!(c(&a).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")), invalid_options);
3057 error!(c(&a).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")), invalid_options);
3058 check!(c(&a).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("d")));
3059 check!(c(&a).open(&tmpdir.join("d")));
3062 check!(c(&ra).create_new(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")));
3063 error!(c(&ra).create(true).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")), invalid_options);
3064 error!(c(&ra).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")), invalid_options);
3065 check!(c(&ra).create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("e")));
3066 check!(c(&ra).open(&tmpdir.join("e")));
3068 // Test opening a file without setting an access mode
3069 let mut blank = OO::new();
3070 error!(blank.create(true).open(&tmpdir.join("f")), invalid_options);
3073 check!(check!(File::create(&tmpdir.join("h"))).write("foobar".as_bytes()));
3075 // Test write fails for read-only
3076 check!(r.open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3078 let mut f = check!(r.open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3079 assert!(f.write("wut".as_bytes()).is_err());
3082 // Test write overwrites
3084 let mut f = check!(c(&w).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3085 check!(f.write("baz".as_bytes()));
3088 let mut f = check!(c(&r).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3089 let mut b = vec![0; 6];
3090 check!(f.read(&mut b));
3091 assert_eq!(b, "bazbar".as_bytes());
3094 // Test truncate works
3096 let mut f = check!(c(&w).truncate(true).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3097 check!(f.write("foo".as_bytes()));
3099 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 3);
3101 // Test append works
3102 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 3);
3104 let mut f = check!(c(&a).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3105 check!(f.write("bar".as_bytes()));
3107 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 6);
3109 // Test .append(true) equals .write(true).append(true)
3111 let mut f = check!(c(&w).append(true).open(&tmpdir.join("h")));
3112 check!(f.write("baz".as_bytes()));
3114 assert_eq!(check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.join("h"))).len(), 9);
3118 fn _assert_send_sync() {
3119 fn _assert_send_sync<T: Send + Sync>() {}
3120 _assert_send_sync::<OpenOptions>();
3125 let mut bytes = [0; 1024];
3126 StdRng::from_entropy().fill_bytes(&mut bytes);
3128 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3130 check!(check!(File::create(&tmpdir.join("test"))).write(&bytes));
3131 let mut v = Vec::new();
3132 check!(check!(File::open(&tmpdir.join("test"))).read_to_end(&mut v));
3133 assert!(v == &bytes[..]);
3137 fn write_then_read() {
3138 let mut bytes = [0; 1024];
3139 StdRng::from_entropy().fill_bytes(&mut bytes);
3141 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3143 check!(fs::write(&tmpdir.join("test"), &bytes[..]));
3144 let v = check!(fs::read(&tmpdir.join("test")));
3145 assert!(v == &bytes[..]);
3147 check!(fs::write(&tmpdir.join("not-utf8"), &[0xFF]));
3148 error_contains!(fs::read_to_string(&tmpdir.join("not-utf8")),
3149 "stream did not contain valid UTF-8");
3152 check!(fs::write(&tmpdir.join("utf8"), s.as_bytes()));
3153 let string = check!(fs::read_to_string(&tmpdir.join("utf8")));
3154 assert_eq!(string, s);
3158 fn file_try_clone() {
3159 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3161 let mut f1 = check!(OpenOptions::new()
3165 .open(&tmpdir.join("test")));
3166 let mut f2 = check!(f1.try_clone());
3168 check!(f1.write_all(b"hello world"));
3169 check!(f1.seek(SeekFrom::Start(2)));
3171 let mut buf = vec![];
3172 check!(f2.read_to_end(&mut buf));
3173 assert_eq!(buf, b"llo world");
3176 check!(f1.write_all(b"!"));
3180 #[cfg(not(windows))]
3181 fn unlink_readonly() {
3182 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3183 let path = tmpdir.join("file");
3184 check!(File::create(&path));
3185 let mut perm = check!(fs::metadata(&path)).permissions();
3186 perm.set_readonly(true);
3187 check!(fs::set_permissions(&path, perm));
3188 check!(fs::remove_file(&path));
3192 fn mkdir_trailing_slash() {
3193 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3194 let path = tmpdir.join("file");
3195 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&path.join("a/")));
3199 fn canonicalize_works_simple() {
3200 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3201 let tmpdir = fs::canonicalize(tmpdir.path()).unwrap();
3202 let file = tmpdir.join("test");
3203 File::create(&file).unwrap();
3204 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&file).unwrap(), file);
3208 fn realpath_works() {
3209 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3210 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
3212 let tmpdir = fs::canonicalize(tmpdir.path()).unwrap();
3213 let file = tmpdir.join("test");
3214 let dir = tmpdir.join("test2");
3215 let link = dir.join("link");
3216 let linkdir = tmpdir.join("test3");
3218 File::create(&file).unwrap();
3219 fs::create_dir(&dir).unwrap();
3220 symlink_file(&file, &link).unwrap();
3221 symlink_dir(&dir, &linkdir).unwrap();
3223 assert!(link.symlink_metadata().unwrap().file_type().is_symlink());
3225 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&tmpdir).unwrap(), tmpdir);
3226 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&file).unwrap(), file);
3227 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&link).unwrap(), file);
3228 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&linkdir).unwrap(), dir);
3229 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&linkdir.join("link")).unwrap(), file);
3233 fn realpath_works_tricky() {
3234 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3235 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
3237 let tmpdir = fs::canonicalize(tmpdir.path()).unwrap();
3238 let a = tmpdir.join("a");
3239 let b = a.join("b");
3240 let c = b.join("c");
3241 let d = a.join("d");
3242 let e = d.join("e");
3243 let f = a.join("f");
3245 fs::create_dir_all(&b).unwrap();
3246 fs::create_dir_all(&d).unwrap();
3247 File::create(&f).unwrap();
3248 if cfg!(not(windows)) {
3249 symlink_dir("../d/e", &c).unwrap();
3250 symlink_file("../f", &e).unwrap();
3253 symlink_dir(r"..\d\e", &c).unwrap();
3254 symlink_file(r"..\f", &e).unwrap();
3257 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&c).unwrap(), f);
3258 assert_eq!(fs::canonicalize(&e).unwrap(), f);
3262 fn dir_entry_methods() {
3263 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3265 fs::create_dir_all(&tmpdir.join("a")).unwrap();
3266 File::create(&tmpdir.join("b")).unwrap();
3268 for file in tmpdir.path().read_dir().unwrap().map(|f| f.unwrap()) {
3269 let fname = file.file_name();
3270 match fname.to_str() {
3272 assert!(file.file_type().unwrap().is_dir());
3273 assert!(file.metadata().unwrap().is_dir());
3276 assert!(file.file_type().unwrap().is_file());
3277 assert!(file.metadata().unwrap().is_file());
3279 f => panic!("unknown file name: {:?}", f),
3285 fn dir_entry_debug() {
3286 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3287 File::create(&tmpdir.join("b")).unwrap();
3288 let mut read_dir = tmpdir.path().read_dir().unwrap();
3289 let dir_entry = read_dir.next().unwrap().unwrap();
3290 let actual = format!("{:?}", dir_entry);
3291 let expected = format!("DirEntry({:?})", dir_entry.0.path());
3292 assert_eq!(actual, expected);
3296 fn read_dir_not_found() {
3297 let res = fs::read_dir("/path/that/does/not/exist");
3298 assert_eq!(res.err().unwrap().kind(), ErrorKind::NotFound);
3302 fn create_dir_all_with_junctions() {
3303 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3304 let target = tmpdir.join("target");
3306 let junction = tmpdir.join("junction");
3307 let b = junction.join("a/b");
3309 let link = tmpdir.join("link");
3310 let d = link.join("c/d");
3312 fs::create_dir(&target).unwrap();
3314 check!(symlink_junction(&target, &junction));
3315 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&b));
3316 // the junction itself is not a directory, but `is_dir()` on a Path
3318 assert!(junction.is_dir());
3319 assert!(b.exists());
3321 if !got_symlink_permission(&tmpdir) { return };
3322 check!(symlink_dir(&target, &link));
3323 check!(fs::create_dir_all(&d));
3324 assert!(link.is_dir());
3325 assert!(d.exists());
3329 fn metadata_access_times() {
3330 let tmpdir = tmpdir();
3332 let b = tmpdir.join("b");
3333 File::create(&b).unwrap();
3335 let a = check!(fs::metadata(&tmpdir.path()));
3336 let b = check!(fs::metadata(&b));
3338 assert_eq!(check!(a.accessed()), check!(a.accessed()));
3339 assert_eq!(check!(a.modified()), check!(a.modified()));
3340 assert_eq!(check!(b.accessed()), check!(b.modified()));
3342 if cfg!(target_os = "macos") || cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
3343 check!(a.created());
3344 check!(b.created());