5 //! This API is completely unstable and subject to change.
7 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/")]
9 #![feature(box_syntax)]
10 #![cfg_attr(unix, feature(libc))]
12 #![feature(rustc_diagnostic_macros)]
13 #![feature(slice_sort_by_cached_key)]
14 #![feature(set_stdio)]
16 #![feature(integer_atomics)]
18 #![recursion_limit="256"]
21 pub extern crate getopts;
22 extern crate graphviz;
23 extern crate env_logger;
26 extern crate rustc_rayon as rayon;
28 extern crate rustc_allocator;
29 extern crate rustc_target;
30 extern crate rustc_borrowck;
32 extern crate rustc_data_structures;
33 extern crate rustc_errors as errors;
34 extern crate rustc_passes;
35 extern crate rustc_lint;
36 extern crate rustc_plugin;
37 extern crate rustc_privacy;
38 extern crate rustc_incremental;
39 extern crate rustc_metadata;
40 extern crate rustc_mir;
41 extern crate rustc_resolve;
42 extern crate rustc_save_analysis;
43 extern crate rustc_traits;
44 extern crate rustc_codegen_utils;
45 extern crate rustc_typeck;
46 extern crate scoped_tls;
47 extern crate serialize;
48 extern crate smallvec;
52 extern crate syntax_ext;
53 extern crate syntax_pos;
55 use driver::CompileController;
56 use pretty::{PpMode, UserIdentifiedItem};
58 use rustc_save_analysis as save;
59 use rustc_save_analysis::DumpHandler;
60 use rustc_data_structures::sync::{self, Lrc, Ordering::SeqCst};
61 use rustc_data_structures::OnDrop;
62 use rustc::session::{self, config, Session, build_session, CompileResult};
63 use rustc::session::CompileIncomplete;
64 use rustc::session::config::{Input, PrintRequest, ErrorOutputType};
65 use rustc::session::config::nightly_options;
66 use rustc::session::filesearch;
67 use rustc::session::{early_error, early_warn};
68 use rustc::lint::Lint;
70 use rustc_metadata::locator;
71 use rustc_metadata::cstore::CStore;
72 use rustc_metadata::dynamic_lib::DynamicLibrary;
73 use rustc::util::common::{time, ErrorReported};
74 use rustc_codegen_utils::codegen_backend::CodegenBackend;
76 use serialize::json::ToJson;
81 use std::default::Default;
82 use std::env::consts::{DLL_PREFIX, DLL_SUFFIX};
84 use std::error::Error;
85 use std::ffi::OsString;
86 use std::fmt::{self, Display};
87 use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
90 use std::path::{PathBuf, Path};
91 use std::process::{self, Command, Stdio};
93 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
94 use std::sync::{Once, ONCE_INIT};
98 use syntax::source_map::{SourceMap, FileLoader, RealFileLoader};
99 use syntax::feature_gate::{GatedCfg, UnstableFeatures};
100 use syntax::parse::{self, PResult};
101 use syntax_pos::{DUMMY_SP, MultiSpan, FileName};
109 mod proc_macro_decls;
111 pub mod target_features {
113 use syntax::symbol::Symbol;
114 use rustc::session::Session;
115 use rustc_codegen_utils::codegen_backend::CodegenBackend;
117 /// Add `target_feature = "..."` cfgs for a variety of platform
118 /// specific features (SSE, NEON etc.).
120 /// This is performed by checking whether a whitelisted set of
121 /// features is available on the target machine, by querying LLVM.
122 pub fn add_configuration(cfg: &mut ast::CrateConfig,
124 codegen_backend: &dyn CodegenBackend) {
125 let tf = Symbol::intern("target_feature");
127 cfg.extend(codegen_backend.target_features(sess).into_iter().map(|feat| (tf, Some(feat))));
129 if sess.crt_static_feature() {
130 cfg.insert((tf, Some(Symbol::intern("crt-static"))));
135 /// Exit status code used for successful compilation and help output.
136 pub const EXIT_SUCCESS: isize = 0;
138 /// Exit status code used for compilation failures and invalid flags.
139 pub const EXIT_FAILURE: isize = 1;
141 const BUG_REPORT_URL: &str = "https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.\
144 const ICE_REPORT_COMPILER_FLAGS: &[&str] = &["Z", "C", "crate-type"];
146 const ICE_REPORT_COMPILER_FLAGS_EXCLUDE: &[&str] = &["metadata", "extra-filename"];
148 const ICE_REPORT_COMPILER_FLAGS_STRIP_VALUE: &[&str] = &["incremental"];
150 pub fn abort_on_err<T>(result: Result<T, CompileIncomplete>, sess: &Session) -> T {
152 Err(CompileIncomplete::Errored(ErrorReported)) => {
153 sess.abort_if_errors();
154 panic!("error reported but abort_if_errors didn't abort???");
156 Err(CompileIncomplete::Stopped) => {
157 sess.fatal("compilation terminated");
163 pub fn run<F>(run_compiler: F) -> isize
164 where F: FnOnce() -> (CompileResult, Option<Session>) + Send + 'static
166 let result = monitor(move || {
167 syntax::with_globals(|| {
168 let (result, session) = run_compiler();
169 if let Err(CompileIncomplete::Errored(_)) = result {
172 sess.abort_if_errors();
173 panic!("error reported but abort_if_errors didn't abort???");
177 errors::emitter::EmitterWriter::stderr(
178 errors::ColorConfig::Auto,
183 let handler = errors::Handler::with_emitter(true, false, Box::new(emitter));
184 handler.emit(&MultiSpan::new(),
185 "aborting due to previous error(s)",
186 errors::Level::Fatal);
187 panic::resume_unwind(Box::new(errors::FatalErrorMarker));
195 Ok(()) => EXIT_SUCCESS,
196 Err(_) => EXIT_FAILURE,
200 fn load_backend_from_dylib(path: &Path) -> fn() -> Box<dyn CodegenBackend> {
201 let lib = DynamicLibrary::open(Some(path)).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
202 let err = format!("couldn't load codegen backend {:?}: {:?}", path, err);
203 early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
206 match lib.symbol("__rustc_codegen_backend") {
209 mem::transmute::<*mut u8, _>(f)
212 let err = format!("couldn't load codegen backend as it \
213 doesn't export the `__rustc_codegen_backend` \
215 early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
221 pub fn get_codegen_backend(sess: &Session) -> Box<dyn CodegenBackend> {
222 static INIT: Once = ONCE_INIT;
226 static mut LOAD: fn() -> Box<dyn CodegenBackend> = || unreachable!();
229 let codegen_name = sess.opts.debugging_opts.codegen_backend.as_ref()
230 .unwrap_or(&sess.target.target.options.codegen_backend);
231 let backend = match &codegen_name[..] {
233 rustc_codegen_utils::codegen_backend::MetadataOnlyCodegenBackend::boxed
235 filename if filename.contains(".") => {
236 load_backend_from_dylib(filename.as_ref())
238 codegen_name => get_codegen_sysroot(codegen_name),
245 let backend = unsafe { LOAD() };
250 fn get_codegen_sysroot(backend_name: &str) -> fn() -> Box<dyn CodegenBackend> {
251 // For now we only allow this function to be called once as it'll dlopen a
252 // few things, which seems to work best if we only do that once. In
253 // general this assertion never trips due to the once guard in `get_codegen_backend`,
254 // but there's a few manual calls to this function in this file we protect
256 static LOADED: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
257 assert!(!LOADED.fetch_or(true, Ordering::SeqCst),
258 "cannot load the default codegen backend twice");
260 // When we're compiling this library with `--test` it'll run as a binary but
261 // not actually exercise much functionality. As a result most of the logic
262 // here is defunkt (it assumes we're a dynamic library in a sysroot) so
263 // let's just return a dummy creation function which won't be used in
266 return rustc_codegen_utils::codegen_backend::MetadataOnlyCodegenBackend::boxed
269 let target = session::config::host_triple();
270 let mut sysroot_candidates = vec![filesearch::get_or_default_sysroot()];
271 let path = current_dll_path()
272 .and_then(|s| s.canonicalize().ok());
273 if let Some(dll) = path {
274 // use `parent` twice to chop off the file name and then also the
275 // directory containing the dll which should be either `lib` or `bin`.
276 if let Some(path) = dll.parent().and_then(|p| p.parent()) {
277 // The original `path` pointed at the `rustc_driver` crate's dll.
278 // Now that dll should only be in one of two locations. The first is
279 // in the compiler's libdir, for example `$sysroot/lib/*.dll`. The
280 // other is the target's libdir, for example
281 // `$sysroot/lib/rustlib/$target/lib/*.dll`.
283 // We don't know which, so let's assume that if our `path` above
284 // ends in `$target` we *could* be in the target libdir, and always
285 // assume that we may be in the main libdir.
286 sysroot_candidates.push(path.to_owned());
288 if path.ends_with(target) {
289 sysroot_candidates.extend(path.parent() // chop off `$target`
290 .and_then(|p| p.parent()) // chop off `rustlib`
291 .and_then(|p| p.parent()) // chop off `lib`
292 .map(|s| s.to_owned()));
297 let sysroot = sysroot_candidates.iter()
299 let libdir = filesearch::relative_target_lib_path(&sysroot, &target);
300 sysroot.join(libdir).with_file_name(
301 option_env!("CFG_CODEGEN_BACKENDS_DIR").unwrap_or("codegen-backends"))
304 info!("codegen backend candidate: {}", f.display());
308 let sysroot = sysroot.unwrap_or_else(|| {
309 let candidates = sysroot_candidates.iter()
310 .map(|p| p.display().to_string())
313 let err = format!("failed to find a `codegen-backends` folder \
314 in the sysroot candidates:\n* {}", candidates);
315 early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
317 info!("probing {} for a codegen backend", sysroot.display());
319 let d = sysroot.read_dir().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
320 let err = format!("failed to load default codegen backend, couldn't \
321 read `{}`: {}", sysroot.display(), e);
322 early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
325 let mut file: Option<PathBuf> = None;
327 let expected_name = format!("rustc_codegen_llvm-{}", backend_name);
328 for entry in d.filter_map(|e| e.ok()) {
329 let path = entry.path();
330 let filename = match path.file_name().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) {
334 if !(filename.starts_with(DLL_PREFIX) && filename.ends_with(DLL_SUFFIX)) {
337 let name = &filename[DLL_PREFIX.len() .. filename.len() - DLL_SUFFIX.len()];
338 if name != expected_name {
341 if let Some(ref prev) = file {
342 let err = format!("duplicate codegen backends found\n\
345 ", prev.display(), path.display());
346 early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
348 file = Some(path.clone());
352 Some(ref s) => return load_backend_from_dylib(s),
354 let err = format!("failed to load default codegen backend for `{}`, \
355 no appropriate codegen dylib found in `{}`",
356 backend_name, sysroot.display());
357 early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &err);
362 fn current_dll_path() -> Option<PathBuf> {
363 use std::ffi::{OsStr, CStr};
364 use std::os::unix::prelude::*;
367 let addr = current_dll_path as usize as *mut _;
368 let mut info = mem::zeroed();
369 if libc::dladdr(addr, &mut info) == 0 {
370 info!("dladdr failed");
373 if info.dli_fname.is_null() {
374 info!("dladdr returned null pointer");
377 let bytes = CStr::from_ptr(info.dli_fname).to_bytes();
378 let os = OsStr::from_bytes(bytes);
379 Some(PathBuf::from(os))
384 fn current_dll_path() -> Option<PathBuf> {
385 use std::ffi::OsString;
386 use std::os::windows::prelude::*;
389 fn GetModuleHandleExW(dwFlags: u32,
391 phModule: *mut usize) -> i32;
392 fn GetModuleFileNameW(hModule: usize,
393 lpFilename: *mut u16,
397 const GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS: u32 = 0x00000004;
401 let r = GetModuleHandleExW(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS,
402 current_dll_path as usize,
405 info!("GetModuleHandleExW failed: {}", io::Error::last_os_error());
408 let mut space = Vec::with_capacity(1024);
409 let r = GetModuleFileNameW(module,
411 space.capacity() as u32);
413 info!("GetModuleFileNameW failed: {}", io::Error::last_os_error());
417 if r >= space.capacity() {
418 info!("our buffer was too small? {}",
419 io::Error::last_os_error());
423 let os = OsString::from_wide(&space);
424 Some(PathBuf::from(os))
429 // Parse args and run the compiler. This is the primary entry point for rustc.
430 // See comments on CompilerCalls below for details about the callbacks argument.
431 // The FileLoader provides a way to load files from sources other than the file system.
432 pub fn run_compiler<'a>(args: &[String],
433 callbacks: Box<dyn CompilerCalls<'a> + sync::Send + 'a>,
434 file_loader: Option<Box<dyn FileLoader + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
435 emitter_dest: Option<Box<dyn Write + Send>>)
436 -> (CompileResult, Option<Session>)
438 let matches = match handle_options(args) {
439 Some(matches) => matches,
440 None => return (Ok(()), None),
443 let (sopts, cfg) = config::build_session_options_and_crate_config(&matches);
445 driver::spawn_thread_pool(sopts, |sopts| {
446 run_compiler_with_pool(matches, sopts, cfg, callbacks, file_loader, emitter_dest)
450 fn run_compiler_with_pool<'a>(
451 matches: getopts::Matches,
452 sopts: config::Options,
453 cfg: ast::CrateConfig,
454 mut callbacks: Box<dyn CompilerCalls<'a> + sync::Send + 'a>,
455 file_loader: Option<Box<dyn FileLoader + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
456 emitter_dest: Option<Box<dyn Write + Send>>
457 ) -> (CompileResult, Option<Session>) {
458 macro_rules! do_or_return {($expr: expr, $sess: expr) => {
460 Compilation::Stop => return (Ok(()), $sess),
461 Compilation::Continue => {}
465 let descriptions = diagnostics_registry();
467 do_or_return!(callbacks.early_callback(&matches,
474 let (odir, ofile) = make_output(&matches);
475 let (input, input_file_path, input_err) = match make_input(&matches.free) {
476 Some((input, input_file_path, input_err)) => {
477 let (input, input_file_path) = callbacks.some_input(input, input_file_path);
478 (input, input_file_path, input_err)
480 None => match callbacks.no_input(&matches, &sopts, &cfg, &odir, &ofile, &descriptions) {
481 Some((input, input_file_path)) => (input, input_file_path, None),
482 None => return (Ok(()), None),
486 let loader = file_loader.unwrap_or(box RealFileLoader);
487 let source_map = Lrc::new(SourceMap::with_file_loader(loader, sopts.file_path_mapping()));
488 let mut sess = session::build_session_with_source_map(
489 sopts, input_file_path.clone(), descriptions, source_map, emitter_dest,
492 if let Some(err) = input_err {
493 // Immediately stop compilation if there was an issue reading
494 // the input (for example if the input stream is not UTF-8).
495 sess.err(&err.to_string());
496 return (Err(CompileIncomplete::Stopped), Some(sess));
499 let codegen_backend = get_codegen_backend(&sess);
501 rustc_lint::register_builtins(&mut sess.lint_store.borrow_mut(), Some(&sess));
503 let mut cfg = config::build_configuration(&sess, cfg);
504 target_features::add_configuration(&mut cfg, &sess, &*codegen_backend);
505 sess.parse_sess.config = cfg;
508 let plugins = sess.opts.debugging_opts.extra_plugins.clone();
510 let cstore = CStore::new(codegen_backend.metadata_loader());
512 do_or_return!(callbacks.late_callback(&*codegen_backend,
518 &ofile), Some(sess));
520 let _sess_abort_error = OnDrop(|| sess.diagnostic().print_error_count());
522 let control = callbacks.build_controller(&sess, &matches);
524 driver::compile_input(codegen_backend,
539 pub fn set_sigpipe_handler() {
541 // Set the SIGPIPE signal handler, so that an EPIPE
542 // will cause rustc to terminate, as expected.
543 assert_ne!(libc::signal(libc::SIGPIPE, libc::SIG_DFL), libc::SIG_ERR);
548 pub fn set_sigpipe_handler() {}
550 // Extract output directory and file from matches.
551 fn make_output(matches: &getopts::Matches) -> (Option<PathBuf>, Option<PathBuf>) {
552 let odir = matches.opt_str("out-dir").map(|o| PathBuf::from(&o));
553 let ofile = matches.opt_str("o").map(|o| PathBuf::from(&o));
557 // Extract input (string or file and optional path) from matches.
558 fn make_input(free_matches: &[String]) -> Option<(Input, Option<PathBuf>, Option<io::Error>)> {
559 if free_matches.len() == 1 {
560 let ifile = &free_matches[0];
562 let mut src = String::new();
563 let err = if io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut src).is_err() {
564 Some(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
565 "couldn't read from stdin, as it did not contain valid UTF-8"))
569 Some((Input::Str { name: FileName::anon_source_code(&src), input: src },
572 Some((Input::File(PathBuf::from(ifile)),
573 Some(PathBuf::from(ifile)), None))
580 fn parse_pretty(sess: &Session,
581 matches: &getopts::Matches)
582 -> Option<(PpMode, Option<UserIdentifiedItem>)> {
583 let pretty = if sess.opts.debugging_opts.unstable_options {
584 matches.opt_default("pretty", "normal").map(|a| {
585 // stable pretty-print variants only
586 pretty::parse_pretty(sess, &a, false)
592 if pretty.is_none() {
593 sess.opts.debugging_opts.unpretty.as_ref().map(|a| {
594 // extended with unstable pretty-print variants
595 pretty::parse_pretty(sess, &a, true)
602 // Whether to stop or continue compilation.
603 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
604 pub enum Compilation {
610 pub fn and_then<F: FnOnce() -> Compilation>(self, next: F) -> Compilation {
612 Compilation::Stop => Compilation::Stop,
613 Compilation::Continue => next(),
618 /// A trait for customizing the compilation process. Offers a number of hooks for
619 /// executing custom code or customizing input.
620 pub trait CompilerCalls<'a> {
621 /// Hook for a callback early in the process of handling arguments. This will
622 /// be called straight after options have been parsed but before anything
623 /// else (e.g., selecting input and output).
624 fn early_callback(&mut self,
625 _: &getopts::Matches,
627 _: &ast::CrateConfig,
628 _: &errors::registry::Registry,
631 Compilation::Continue
634 /// Hook for a callback late in the process of handling arguments. This will
635 /// be called just before actual compilation starts (and before build_controller
636 /// is called), after all arguments etc. have been completely handled.
637 fn late_callback(&mut self,
638 _: &dyn CodegenBackend,
639 _: &getopts::Matches,
646 Compilation::Continue
649 /// Called after we extract the input from the arguments. Gives the implementer
650 /// an opportunity to change the inputs or to add some custom input handling.
651 /// The default behaviour is to simply pass through the inputs.
652 fn some_input(&mut self,
654 input_path: Option<PathBuf>)
655 -> (Input, Option<PathBuf>) {
659 /// Called after we extract the input from the arguments if there is no valid
660 /// input. Gives the implementer an opportunity to supply alternate input (by
661 /// returning a Some value) or to add custom behaviour for this error such as
662 /// emitting error messages. Returning None will cause compilation to stop
664 fn no_input(&mut self,
665 _: &getopts::Matches,
667 _: &ast::CrateConfig,
670 _: &errors::registry::Registry)
671 -> Option<(Input, Option<PathBuf>)> {
675 // Create a CompilController struct for controlling the behaviour of
681 ) -> CompileController<'a>;
684 /// CompilerCalls instance for a regular rustc build.
685 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
686 pub struct RustcDefaultCalls;
688 // FIXME remove these and use winapi 0.3 instead
689 // Duplicates: bootstrap/compile.rs, librustc_errors/emitter.rs
691 fn stdout_isatty() -> bool {
692 unsafe { libc::isatty(libc::STDOUT_FILENO) != 0 }
696 fn stdout_isatty() -> bool {
699 type HANDLE = *mut u8;
700 type LPDWORD = *mut u32;
701 const STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE: DWORD = -11i32 as DWORD;
703 fn GetStdHandle(which: DWORD) -> HANDLE;
704 fn GetConsoleMode(hConsoleHandle: HANDLE, lpMode: LPDWORD) -> BOOL;
707 let handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
709 GetConsoleMode(handle, &mut out) != 0
713 fn handle_explain(code: &str,
714 descriptions: &errors::registry::Registry,
715 output: ErrorOutputType) {
716 let normalised = if code.starts_with("E") {
719 format!("E{0:0>4}", code)
721 match descriptions.find_description(&normalised) {
722 Some(ref description) => {
723 let mut is_in_code_block = false;
724 let mut text = String::new();
726 // Slice off the leading newline and print.
727 for line in description[1..].lines() {
728 let indent_level = line.find(|c: char| !c.is_whitespace())
729 .unwrap_or_else(|| line.len());
730 let dedented_line = &line[indent_level..];
731 if dedented_line.starts_with("```") {
732 is_in_code_block = !is_in_code_block;
733 text.push_str(&line[..(indent_level+3)]);
734 } else if is_in_code_block && dedented_line.starts_with("# ") {
743 show_content_with_pager(&text);
749 early_error(output, &format!("no extended information for {}", code));
754 fn show_content_with_pager(content: &String) {
755 let pager_name = env::var_os("PAGER").unwrap_or_else(|| if cfg!(windows) {
756 OsString::from("more.com")
758 OsString::from("less")
761 let mut fallback_to_println = false;
763 match Command::new(pager_name).stdin(Stdio::piped()).spawn() {
765 if let Some(pipe) = pager.stdin.as_mut() {
766 if pipe.write_all(content.as_bytes()).is_err() {
767 fallback_to_println = true;
771 if pager.wait().is_err() {
772 fallback_to_println = true;
776 fallback_to_println = true;
780 // If pager fails for whatever reason, we should still print the content
781 // to standard output
782 if fallback_to_println {
783 print!("{}", content);
787 impl<'a> CompilerCalls<'a> for RustcDefaultCalls {
788 fn early_callback(&mut self,
789 matches: &getopts::Matches,
791 _: &ast::CrateConfig,
792 descriptions: &errors::registry::Registry,
793 output: ErrorOutputType)
795 if let Some(ref code) = matches.opt_str("explain") {
796 handle_explain(code, descriptions, output);
797 return Compilation::Stop;
800 Compilation::Continue
803 fn no_input(&mut self,
804 matches: &getopts::Matches,
805 sopts: &config::Options,
806 cfg: &ast::CrateConfig,
807 odir: &Option<PathBuf>,
808 ofile: &Option<PathBuf>,
809 descriptions: &errors::registry::Registry)
810 -> Option<(Input, Option<PathBuf>)> {
811 match matches.free.len() {
813 let mut sess = build_session(sopts.clone(),
815 descriptions.clone());
816 if sopts.describe_lints {
817 let mut ls = lint::LintStore::new();
818 rustc_lint::register_builtins(&mut ls, Some(&sess));
819 describe_lints(&sess, &ls, false);
822 rustc_lint::register_builtins(&mut sess.lint_store.borrow_mut(), Some(&sess));
823 let mut cfg = config::build_configuration(&sess, cfg.clone());
824 let codegen_backend = get_codegen_backend(&sess);
825 target_features::add_configuration(&mut cfg, &sess, &*codegen_backend);
826 sess.parse_sess.config = cfg;
827 let should_stop = RustcDefaultCalls::print_crate_info(
835 if should_stop == Compilation::Stop {
838 early_error(sopts.error_format, "no input filename given");
840 1 => panic!("make_input should have provided valid inputs"),
841 _ => early_error(sopts.error_format, "multiple input filenames provided"),
845 fn late_callback(&mut self,
846 codegen_backend: &dyn CodegenBackend,
847 matches: &getopts::Matches,
851 odir: &Option<PathBuf>,
852 ofile: &Option<PathBuf>)
854 RustcDefaultCalls::print_crate_info(codegen_backend, sess, Some(input), odir, ofile)
855 .and_then(|| RustcDefaultCalls::list_metadata(sess, cstore, matches, input))
858 fn build_controller(self: Box<Self>,
860 matches: &getopts::Matches)
861 -> CompileController<'a> {
862 let mut control = CompileController::basic();
864 control.keep_ast = sess.opts.debugging_opts.keep_ast;
865 control.continue_parse_after_error = sess.opts.debugging_opts.continue_parse_after_error;
867 if let Some((ppm, opt_uii)) = parse_pretty(sess, matches) {
868 if ppm.needs_ast_map(&opt_uii) {
869 control.after_hir_lowering.stop = Compilation::Stop;
871 control.after_parse.callback = box move |state| {
872 let mut krate = state.krate.take().unwrap();
873 pretty::visit_crate(state.session, &mut krate, ppm);
874 state.krate = Some(krate);
876 control.after_hir_lowering.callback = box move |state| {
877 pretty::print_after_hir_lowering(state.session,
878 state.cstore.unwrap(),
879 state.hir_map.unwrap(),
880 state.resolutions.unwrap(),
882 &state.expanded_crate.take().unwrap(),
883 state.crate_name.unwrap(),
885 state.output_filenames.unwrap(),
890 control.after_parse.stop = Compilation::Stop;
892 control.after_parse.callback = box move |state| {
893 let mut krate = state.krate.take().unwrap();
894 pretty::visit_crate(state.session, &mut krate, ppm);
895 pretty::print_after_parsing(state.session,
906 if sess.opts.debugging_opts.parse_only ||
907 sess.opts.debugging_opts.show_span.is_some() ||
908 sess.opts.debugging_opts.ast_json_noexpand {
909 control.after_parse.stop = Compilation::Stop;
912 if sess.opts.debugging_opts.no_analysis ||
913 sess.opts.debugging_opts.ast_json {
914 control.after_hir_lowering.stop = Compilation::Stop;
917 if sess.opts.debugging_opts.save_analysis {
918 enable_save_analysis(&mut control);
921 if sess.print_fuel_crate.is_some() {
922 let old_callback = control.compilation_done.callback;
923 control.compilation_done.callback = box move |state| {
925 let sess = state.session;
926 eprintln!("Fuel used by {}: {}",
927 sess.print_fuel_crate.as_ref().unwrap(),
928 sess.print_fuel.load(SeqCst));
935 pub fn enable_save_analysis(control: &mut CompileController) {
936 control.keep_ast = true;
937 control.after_analysis.callback = box |state| {
938 time(state.session, "save analysis", || {
939 save::process_crate(state.tcx.unwrap(),
940 state.expanded_crate.unwrap(),
941 state.crate_name.unwrap(),
944 DumpHandler::new(state.out_dir,
945 state.crate_name.unwrap()))
948 control.after_analysis.run_callback_on_error = true;
951 impl RustcDefaultCalls {
952 pub fn list_metadata(sess: &Session,
954 matches: &getopts::Matches,
957 let r = matches.opt_strs("Z");
958 if r.iter().any(|s| *s == "ls") {
960 &Input::File(ref ifile) => {
961 let path = &(*ifile);
962 let mut v = Vec::new();
963 locator::list_file_metadata(&sess.target.target,
965 &*cstore.metadata_loader,
968 println!("{}", String::from_utf8(v).unwrap());
970 &Input::Str { .. } => {
971 early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), "cannot list metadata for stdin");
974 return Compilation::Stop;
977 Compilation::Continue
981 fn print_crate_info(codegen_backend: &dyn CodegenBackend,
983 input: Option<&Input>,
984 odir: &Option<PathBuf>,
985 ofile: &Option<PathBuf>)
987 use rustc::session::config::PrintRequest::*;
988 // PrintRequest::NativeStaticLibs is special - printed during linking
989 // (empty iterator returns true)
990 if sess.opts.prints.iter().all(|&p| p == PrintRequest::NativeStaticLibs) {
991 return Compilation::Continue;
994 let attrs = match input {
997 let result = parse_crate_attrs(sess, input);
999 Ok(attrs) => Some(attrs),
1000 Err(mut parse_error) => {
1002 return Compilation::Stop;
1007 for req in &sess.opts.prints {
1010 let mut targets = rustc_target::spec::get_targets().collect::<Vec<String>>();
1012 println!("{}", targets.join("\n"));
1014 Sysroot => println!("{}", sess.sysroot.display()),
1015 TargetSpec => println!("{}", sess.target.target.to_json().pretty()),
1016 FileNames | CrateName => {
1017 let input = input.unwrap_or_else(||
1018 early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), "no input file provided"));
1019 let attrs = attrs.as_ref().unwrap();
1020 let t_outputs = driver::build_output_filenames(input, odir, ofile, attrs, sess);
1021 let id = rustc_codegen_utils::link::find_crate_name(Some(sess), attrs, input);
1022 if *req == PrintRequest::CrateName {
1026 let crate_types = driver::collect_crate_types(sess, attrs);
1027 for &style in &crate_types {
1028 let fname = rustc_codegen_utils::link::filename_for_input(
1034 println!("{}", fname.file_name().unwrap().to_string_lossy());
1038 let allow_unstable_cfg = UnstableFeatures::from_environment()
1039 .is_nightly_build();
1041 let mut cfgs = sess.parse_sess.config.iter().filter_map(|&(name, ref value)| {
1042 let gated_cfg = GatedCfg::gate(&ast::MetaItem {
1043 ident: ast::Path::from_ident(ast::Ident::with_empty_ctxt(name)),
1044 node: ast::MetaItemKind::Word,
1048 // Note that crt-static is a specially recognized cfg
1049 // directive that's printed out here as part of
1050 // rust-lang/rust#37406, but in general the
1051 // `target_feature` cfg is gated under
1052 // rust-lang/rust#29717. For now this is just
1053 // specifically allowing the crt-static cfg and that's
1054 // it, this is intended to get into Cargo and then go
1055 // through to build scripts.
1056 let value = value.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str());
1057 let value = value.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_ref());
1058 if name != "target_feature" || value != Some("crt-static") {
1059 if !allow_unstable_cfg && gated_cfg.is_some() {
1064 if let Some(value) = value {
1065 Some(format!("{}=\"{}\"", name, value))
1067 Some(name.to_string())
1069 }).collect::<Vec<String>>();
1073 println!("{}", cfg);
1076 RelocationModels | CodeModels | TlsModels | TargetCPUs | TargetFeatures => {
1077 codegen_backend.print(*req, sess);
1079 // Any output here interferes with Cargo's parsing of other printed output
1080 PrintRequest::NativeStaticLibs => {}
1083 return Compilation::Stop;
1087 /// Returns a version string such as "0.12.0-dev".
1088 fn release_str() -> Option<&'static str> {
1089 option_env!("CFG_RELEASE")
1092 /// Returns the full SHA1 hash of HEAD of the Git repo from which rustc was built.
1093 fn commit_hash_str() -> Option<&'static str> {
1094 option_env!("CFG_VER_HASH")
1097 /// Returns the "commit date" of HEAD of the Git repo from which rustc was built as a static string.
1098 fn commit_date_str() -> Option<&'static str> {
1099 option_env!("CFG_VER_DATE")
1102 /// Prints version information
1103 pub fn version(binary: &str, matches: &getopts::Matches) {
1104 let verbose = matches.opt_present("verbose");
1106 println!("{} {}", binary, option_env!("CFG_VERSION").unwrap_or("unknown version"));
1109 fn unw(x: Option<&str>) -> &str {
1110 x.unwrap_or("unknown")
1112 println!("binary: {}", binary);
1113 println!("commit-hash: {}", unw(commit_hash_str()));
1114 println!("commit-date: {}", unw(commit_date_str()));
1115 println!("host: {}", config::host_triple());
1116 println!("release: {}", unw(release_str()));
1117 get_codegen_sysroot("llvm")().print_version();
1121 fn usage(verbose: bool, include_unstable_options: bool) {
1122 let groups = if verbose {
1123 config::rustc_optgroups()
1125 config::rustc_short_optgroups()
1127 let mut options = getopts::Options::new();
1128 for option in groups.iter().filter(|x| include_unstable_options || x.is_stable()) {
1129 (option.apply)(&mut options);
1131 let message = "Usage: rustc [OPTIONS] INPUT";
1132 let nightly_help = if nightly_options::is_nightly_build() {
1133 "\n -Z help Print internal options for debugging rustc"
1137 let verbose_help = if verbose {
1140 "\n --help -v Print the full set of options rustc accepts"
1142 println!("{}\nAdditional help:
1143 -C help Print codegen options
1145 Print 'lint' options and default settings{}{}\n",
1146 options.usage(message),
1151 fn print_wall_help() {
1153 The flag `-Wall` does not exist in `rustc`. Most useful lints are enabled by
1154 default. Use `rustc -W help` to see all available lints. It's more common to put
1155 warning settings in the crate root using `#![warn(LINT_NAME)]` instead of using
1156 the command line flag directly.
1160 fn describe_lints(sess: &Session, lint_store: &lint::LintStore, loaded_plugins: bool) {
1162 Available lint options:
1163 -W <foo> Warn about <foo>
1167 -F <foo> Forbid <foo> \
1168 (deny <foo> and all attempts to override)
1172 fn sort_lints(sess: &Session, lints: Vec<(&'static Lint, bool)>) -> Vec<&'static Lint> {
1173 let mut lints: Vec<_> = lints.into_iter().map(|(x, _)| x).collect();
1174 // The sort doesn't case-fold but it's doubtful we care.
1175 lints.sort_by_cached_key(|x: &&Lint| (x.default_level(sess), x.name));
1179 fn sort_lint_groups(lints: Vec<(&'static str, Vec<lint::LintId>, bool)>)
1180 -> Vec<(&'static str, Vec<lint::LintId>)> {
1181 let mut lints: Vec<_> = lints.into_iter().map(|(x, y, _)| (x, y)).collect();
1182 lints.sort_by_key(|l| l.0);
1186 let (plugin, builtin): (Vec<_>, _) = lint_store.get_lints()
1189 .partition(|&(_, p)| p);
1190 let plugin = sort_lints(sess, plugin);
1191 let builtin = sort_lints(sess, builtin);
1193 let (plugin_groups, builtin_groups): (Vec<_>, _) = lint_store.get_lint_groups()
1196 .partition(|&(.., p)| p);
1197 let plugin_groups = sort_lint_groups(plugin_groups);
1198 let builtin_groups = sort_lint_groups(builtin_groups);
1200 let max_name_len = plugin.iter()
1202 .map(|&s| s.name.chars().count())
1205 let padded = |x: &str| {
1206 let mut s = " ".repeat(max_name_len - x.chars().count());
1211 println!("Lint checks provided by rustc:\n");
1212 println!(" {} {:7.7} {}", padded("name"), "default", "meaning");
1213 println!(" {} {:7.7} {}", padded("----"), "-------", "-------");
1215 let print_lints = |lints: Vec<&Lint>| {
1217 let name = lint.name_lower().replace("_", "-");
1218 println!(" {} {:7.7} {}",
1220 lint.default_level.as_str(),
1226 print_lints(builtin);
1228 let max_name_len = max("warnings".len(),
1229 plugin_groups.iter()
1230 .chain(&builtin_groups)
1231 .map(|&(s, _)| s.chars().count())
1235 let padded = |x: &str| {
1236 let mut s = " ".repeat(max_name_len - x.chars().count());
1241 println!("Lint groups provided by rustc:\n");
1242 println!(" {} {}", padded("name"), "sub-lints");
1243 println!(" {} {}", padded("----"), "---------");
1244 println!(" {} {}", padded("warnings"), "all lints that are set to issue warnings");
1246 let print_lint_groups = |lints: Vec<(&'static str, Vec<lint::LintId>)>| {
1247 for (name, to) in lints {
1248 let name = name.to_lowercase().replace("_", "-");
1249 let desc = to.into_iter()
1250 .map(|x| x.to_string().replace("_", "-"))
1251 .collect::<Vec<String>>()
1253 println!(" {} {}", padded(&name), desc);
1258 print_lint_groups(builtin_groups);
1260 match (loaded_plugins, plugin.len(), plugin_groups.len()) {
1261 (false, 0, _) | (false, _, 0) => {
1262 println!("Compiler plugins can provide additional lints and lint groups. To see a \
1263 listing of these, re-run `rustc -W help` with a crate filename.");
1265 (false, ..) => panic!("didn't load lint plugins but got them anyway!"),
1266 (true, 0, 0) => println!("This crate does not load any lint plugins or lint groups."),
1269 println!("Lint checks provided by plugins loaded by this crate:\n");
1270 print_lints(plugin);
1273 println!("Lint groups provided by plugins loaded by this crate:\n");
1274 print_lint_groups(plugin_groups);
1280 fn describe_debug_flags() {
1281 println!("\nAvailable debug options:\n");
1282 print_flag_list("-Z", config::DB_OPTIONS);
1285 fn describe_codegen_flags() {
1286 println!("\nAvailable codegen options:\n");
1287 print_flag_list("-C", config::CG_OPTIONS);
1290 fn print_flag_list<T>(cmdline_opt: &str,
1291 flag_list: &[(&'static str, T, Option<&'static str>, &'static str)]) {
1292 let max_len = flag_list.iter()
1293 .map(|&(name, _, opt_type_desc, _)| {
1294 let extra_len = match opt_type_desc {
1298 name.chars().count() + extra_len
1303 for &(name, _, opt_type_desc, desc) in flag_list {
1304 let (width, extra) = match opt_type_desc {
1305 Some(..) => (max_len - 4, "=val"),
1306 None => (max_len, ""),
1308 println!(" {} {:>width$}{} -- {}",
1310 name.replace("_", "-"),
1317 /// Process command line options. Emits messages as appropriate. If compilation
1318 /// should continue, returns a getopts::Matches object parsed from args,
1319 /// otherwise returns None.
1321 /// The compiler's handling of options is a little complicated as it ties into
1322 /// our stability story, and it's even *more* complicated by historical
1323 /// accidents. The current intention of each compiler option is to have one of
1326 /// 1. An option is stable and can be used everywhere.
1327 /// 2. An option is unstable, but was historically allowed on the stable
1329 /// 3. An option is unstable, and can only be used on nightly.
1331 /// Like unstable library and language features, however, unstable options have
1332 /// always required a form of "opt in" to indicate that you're using them. This
1333 /// provides the easy ability to scan a code base to check to see if anything
1334 /// unstable is being used. Currently, this "opt in" is the `-Z` "zed" flag.
1336 /// All options behind `-Z` are considered unstable by default. Other top-level
1337 /// options can also be considered unstable, and they were unlocked through the
1338 /// `-Z unstable-options` flag. Note that `-Z` remains to be the root of
1339 /// instability in both cases, though.
1341 /// So with all that in mind, the comments below have some more detail about the
1342 /// contortions done here to get things to work out correctly.
1343 pub fn handle_options(args: &[String]) -> Option<getopts::Matches> {
1344 // Throw away the first argument, the name of the binary
1345 let args = &args[1..];
1347 if args.is_empty() {
1348 // user did not write `-v` nor `-Z unstable-options`, so do not
1349 // include that extra information.
1350 usage(false, false);
1354 // Parse with *all* options defined in the compiler, we don't worry about
1355 // option stability here we just want to parse as much as possible.
1356 let mut options = getopts::Options::new();
1357 for option in config::rustc_optgroups() {
1358 (option.apply)(&mut options);
1360 let matches = options.parse(args).unwrap_or_else(|f|
1361 early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(), &f.to_string()));
1363 // For all options we just parsed, we check a few aspects:
1365 // * If the option is stable, we're all good
1366 // * If the option wasn't passed, we're all good
1367 // * If `-Z unstable-options` wasn't passed (and we're not a -Z option
1368 // ourselves), then we require the `-Z unstable-options` flag to unlock
1369 // this option that was passed.
1370 // * If we're a nightly compiler, then unstable options are now unlocked, so
1371 // we're good to go.
1372 // * Otherwise, if we're a truly unstable option then we generate an error
1373 // (unstable option being used on stable)
1374 // * If we're a historically stable-but-should-be-unstable option then we
1375 // emit a warning that we're going to turn this into an error soon.
1376 nightly_options::check_nightly_options(&matches, &config::rustc_optgroups());
1378 if matches.opt_present("h") || matches.opt_present("help") {
1379 // Only show unstable options in --help if we *really* accept unstable
1380 // options, which catches the case where we got `-Z unstable-options` on
1381 // the stable channel of Rust which was accidentally allowed
1383 usage(matches.opt_present("verbose"),
1384 nightly_options::is_unstable_enabled(&matches));
1388 // Handle the special case of -Wall.
1389 let wall = matches.opt_strs("W");
1390 if wall.iter().any(|x| *x == "all") {
1395 // Don't handle -W help here, because we might first load plugins.
1396 let r = matches.opt_strs("Z");
1397 if r.iter().any(|x| *x == "help") {
1398 describe_debug_flags();
1402 let cg_flags = matches.opt_strs("C");
1404 if cg_flags.iter().any(|x| *x == "help") {
1405 describe_codegen_flags();
1409 if cg_flags.iter().any(|x| *x == "no-stack-check") {
1410 early_warn(ErrorOutputType::default(),
1411 "the --no-stack-check flag is deprecated and does nothing");
1414 if cg_flags.iter().any(|x| *x == "passes=list") {
1415 get_codegen_sysroot("llvm")().print_passes();
1419 if matches.opt_present("version") {
1420 version("rustc", &matches);
1427 fn parse_crate_attrs<'a>(sess: &'a Session, input: &Input) -> PResult<'a, Vec<ast::Attribute>> {
1429 Input::File(ref ifile) => {
1430 parse::parse_crate_attrs_from_file(ifile, &sess.parse_sess)
1432 Input::Str { ref name, ref input } => {
1433 parse::parse_crate_attrs_from_source_str(name.clone(),
1440 // Temporarily have stack size set to 32MB to deal with various crates with long method
1441 // chains or deep syntax trees.
1442 // FIXME(oli-obk): get https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/55617 the finish line
1443 const STACK_SIZE: usize = 32 * 1024 * 1024; // 32MB
1445 /// Runs `f` in a suitable thread for running `rustc`; returns a `Result` with either the return
1446 /// value of `f` or -- if a panic occurs -- the panic value.
1448 /// This version applies the given name to the thread. This is used by rustdoc to ensure consistent
1449 /// doctest output across platforms and executions.
1450 pub fn in_named_rustc_thread<F, R>(name: String, f: F) -> Result<R, Box<dyn Any + Send>>
1451 where F: FnOnce() -> R + Send + 'static,
1454 // We need a thread for soundness of thread local storage in rustc. For debugging purposes
1455 // we allow an escape hatch where everything runs on the main thread.
1456 if env::var_os("RUSTC_UNSTABLE_NO_MAIN_THREAD").is_none() {
1457 let mut cfg = thread::Builder::new().name(name);
1459 // If the env is trying to override the stack size then *don't* set it explicitly.
1460 // The libstd thread impl will fetch the `RUST_MIN_STACK` env var itself.
1461 if env::var_os("RUST_MIN_STACK").is_none() {
1462 cfg = cfg.stack_size(STACK_SIZE);
1465 let thread = cfg.spawn(f);
1466 thread.unwrap().join()
1468 let f = panic::AssertUnwindSafe(f);
1469 panic::catch_unwind(f)
1473 /// Runs `f` in a suitable thread for running `rustc`; returns a
1474 /// `Result` with either the return value of `f` or -- if a panic
1475 /// occurs -- the panic value.
1476 pub fn in_rustc_thread<F, R>(f: F) -> Result<R, Box<dyn Any + Send>>
1477 where F: FnOnce() -> R + Send + 'static,
1480 in_named_rustc_thread("rustc".to_string(), f)
1483 /// Get a list of extra command-line flags provided by the user, as strings.
1485 /// This function is used during ICEs to show more information useful for
1486 /// debugging, since some ICEs only happens with non-default compiler flags
1487 /// (and the users don't always report them).
1488 fn extra_compiler_flags() -> Option<(Vec<String>, bool)> {
1489 let args = env::args_os().map(|arg| arg.to_string_lossy().to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
1491 // Avoid printing help because of empty args. This can suggest the compiler
1492 // itself is not the program root (consider RLS).
1497 let matches = if let Some(matches) = handle_options(&args) {
1503 let mut result = Vec::new();
1504 let mut excluded_cargo_defaults = false;
1505 for flag in ICE_REPORT_COMPILER_FLAGS {
1506 let prefix = if flag.len() == 1 { "-" } else { "--" };
1508 for content in &matches.opt_strs(flag) {
1509 // Split always returns the first element
1510 let name = if let Some(first) = content.split('=').next() {
1516 let content = if ICE_REPORT_COMPILER_FLAGS_STRIP_VALUE.contains(&name) {
1522 if !ICE_REPORT_COMPILER_FLAGS_EXCLUDE.contains(&name) {
1523 result.push(format!("{}{} {}", prefix, flag, content));
1525 excluded_cargo_defaults = true;
1530 if !result.is_empty() {
1531 Some((result, excluded_cargo_defaults))
1538 pub struct CompilationFailure;
1540 impl Error for CompilationFailure {}
1542 impl Display for CompilationFailure {
1543 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
1544 write!(f, "compilation had errors")
1548 /// Run a procedure which will detect panics in the compiler and print nicer
1549 /// error messages rather than just failing the test.
1551 /// The diagnostic emitter yielded to the procedure should be used for reporting
1552 /// errors of the compiler.
1553 pub fn monitor<F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static>(f: F) -> Result<(), CompilationFailure> {
1554 in_rustc_thread(move || {
1556 }).map_err(|value| {
1557 if value.is::<errors::FatalErrorMarker>() {
1560 // Thread panicked without emitting a fatal diagnostic
1564 Box::new(errors::emitter::EmitterWriter::stderr(errors::ColorConfig::Auto,
1568 let handler = errors::Handler::with_emitter(true, false, emitter);
1570 // a .span_bug or .bug call has already printed what
1571 // it wants to print.
1572 if !value.is::<errors::ExplicitBug>() {
1573 handler.emit(&MultiSpan::new(),
1575 errors::Level::Bug);
1578 let mut xs: Vec<Cow<'static, str>> = vec![
1579 "the compiler unexpectedly panicked. this is a bug.".into(),
1580 format!("we would appreciate a bug report: {}", BUG_REPORT_URL).into(),
1581 format!("rustc {} running on {}",
1582 option_env!("CFG_VERSION").unwrap_or("unknown_version"),
1583 config::host_triple()).into(),
1586 if let Some((flags, excluded_cargo_defaults)) = extra_compiler_flags() {
1587 xs.push(format!("compiler flags: {}", flags.join(" ")).into());
1589 if excluded_cargo_defaults {
1590 xs.push("some of the compiler flags provided by cargo are hidden".into());
1595 handler.emit(&MultiSpan::new(),
1597 errors::Level::Note);
1600 panic::resume_unwind(Box::new(errors::FatalErrorMarker));
1605 pub fn diagnostics_registry() -> errors::registry::Registry {
1606 use errors::registry::Registry;
1608 let mut all_errors = Vec::new();
1609 all_errors.extend_from_slice(&rustc::DIAGNOSTICS);
1610 all_errors.extend_from_slice(&rustc_typeck::DIAGNOSTICS);
1611 all_errors.extend_from_slice(&rustc_resolve::DIAGNOSTICS);
1612 all_errors.extend_from_slice(&rustc_privacy::DIAGNOSTICS);
1613 // FIXME: need to figure out a way to get these back in here
1614 // all_errors.extend_from_slice(get_codegen_backend(sess).diagnostics());
1615 all_errors.extend_from_slice(&rustc_metadata::DIAGNOSTICS);
1616 all_errors.extend_from_slice(&rustc_passes::DIAGNOSTICS);
1617 all_errors.extend_from_slice(&rustc_plugin::DIAGNOSTICS);
1618 all_errors.extend_from_slice(&rustc_mir::DIAGNOSTICS);
1619 all_errors.extend_from_slice(&syntax::DIAGNOSTICS);
1621 Registry::new(&all_errors)
1624 /// This allows tools to enable rust logging without having to magically match rustc's
1625 /// log crate version
1626 pub fn init_rustc_env_logger() {
1631 init_rustc_env_logger();
1632 let result = run(|| {
1633 let args = env::args_os().enumerate()
1634 .map(|(i, arg)| arg.into_string().unwrap_or_else(|arg| {
1635 early_error(ErrorOutputType::default(),
1636 &format!("Argument {} is not valid Unicode: {:?}", i, arg))
1638 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
1640 Box::new(RustcDefaultCalls),
1644 process::exit(result as i32);