1 //! Name resolution for lifetimes.
3 //! Name resolution for lifetimes follows *much* simpler rules than the
4 //! full resolve. For example, lifetime names are never exported or
5 //! used between functions, and they operate in a purely top-down
6 //! way. Therefore, we break lifetime name resolution into a separate pass.
8 // ignore-tidy-filelength
10 use crate::hir::def::{Res, DefKind};
11 use crate::hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, LocalDefId, LOCAL_CRATE};
12 use crate::hir::map::Map;
13 use crate::hir::ptr::P;
14 use crate::hir::{GenericArg, GenericParam, ItemLocalId, LifetimeName, Node, ParamName, QPath};
15 use crate::ty::{self, DefIdTree, GenericParamDefKind, TyCtxt};
17 use crate::rustc::lint;
18 use crate::session::Session;
19 use crate::util::nodemap::{DefIdMap, FxHashMap, FxHashSet, HirIdMap, HirIdSet};
20 use errors::{Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder, pluralise};
21 use rustc_macros::HashStable;
24 use std::mem::{replace, take};
27 use syntax::symbol::{kw, sym};
30 use crate::hir::intravisit::{self, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor};
31 use crate::hir::{self, GenericParamKind, LifetimeParamKind};
33 /// The origin of a named lifetime definition.
35 /// This is used to prevent the usage of in-band lifetimes in `Fn`/`fn` syntax.
36 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug, HashStable)]
37 pub enum LifetimeDefOrigin {
38 // Explicit binders like `fn foo<'a>(x: &'a u8)` or elided like `impl Foo<&u32>`
40 // In-band declarations like `fn foo(x: &'a u8)`
42 // Some kind of erroneous origin
46 impl LifetimeDefOrigin {
47 fn from_param(param: &GenericParam) -> Self {
49 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { kind } => match kind {
50 LifetimeParamKind::InBand => LifetimeDefOrigin::InBand,
51 LifetimeParamKind::Explicit => LifetimeDefOrigin::ExplicitOrElided,
52 LifetimeParamKind::Elided => LifetimeDefOrigin::ExplicitOrElided,
53 LifetimeParamKind::Error => LifetimeDefOrigin::Error,
55 _ => bug!("expected a lifetime param"),
60 // This counts the no of times a lifetime is used
61 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
62 pub enum LifetimeUseSet<'tcx> {
63 One(&'tcx hir::Lifetime),
67 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug, HashStable)]
72 /* lifetime decl */ DefId,
77 /* lifetime decl */ DefId,
80 LateBoundAnon(ty::DebruijnIndex, /* anon index */ u32),
81 Free(DefId, /* lifetime decl */ DefId),
85 fn early(hir_map: &Map<'_>, index: &mut u32, param: &GenericParam) -> (ParamName, Region) {
88 let def_id = hir_map.local_def_id(param.hir_id);
89 let origin = LifetimeDefOrigin::from_param(param);
90 debug!("Region::early: index={} def_id={:?}", i, def_id);
91 (param.name.modern(), Region::EarlyBound(i, def_id, origin))
94 fn late(hir_map: &Map<'_>, param: &GenericParam) -> (ParamName, Region) {
95 let depth = ty::INNERMOST;
96 let def_id = hir_map.local_def_id(param.hir_id);
97 let origin = LifetimeDefOrigin::from_param(param);
99 "Region::late: param={:?} depth={:?} def_id={:?} origin={:?}",
100 param, depth, def_id, origin,
104 Region::LateBound(depth, def_id, origin),
108 fn late_anon(index: &Cell<u32>) -> Region {
111 let depth = ty::INNERMOST;
112 Region::LateBoundAnon(depth, i)
115 fn id(&self) -> Option<DefId> {
117 Region::Static | Region::LateBoundAnon(..) => None,
119 Region::EarlyBound(_, id, _) | Region::LateBound(_, id, _) | Region::Free(_, id) => {
125 fn shifted(self, amount: u32) -> Region {
127 Region::LateBound(debruijn, id, origin) => {
128 Region::LateBound(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), id, origin)
130 Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index) => {
131 Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn.shifted_in(amount), index)
137 fn shifted_out_to_binder(self, binder: ty::DebruijnIndex) -> Region {
139 Region::LateBound(debruijn, id, origin) => {
140 Region::LateBound(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(binder), id, origin)
142 Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, index) => {
143 Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn.shifted_out_to_binder(binder), index)
149 fn subst<'a, L>(self, mut params: L, map: &NamedRegionMap) -> Option<Region>
151 L: Iterator<Item = &'a hir::Lifetime>,
153 if let Region::EarlyBound(index, _, _) = self {
156 .and_then(|lifetime| map.defs.get(&lifetime.hir_id).cloned())
163 /// A set containing, at most, one known element.
164 /// If two distinct values are inserted into a set, then it
165 /// becomes `Many`, which can be used to detect ambiguities.
166 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, Debug, HashStable)]
173 impl<T: PartialEq> Set1<T> {
174 pub fn insert(&mut self, value: T) {
176 Set1::Empty => Set1::One(value),
177 Set1::One(old) if *old == value => return,
183 pub type ObjectLifetimeDefault = Set1<Region>;
185 /// Maps the id of each lifetime reference to the lifetime decl
186 /// that it corresponds to.
188 /// FIXME. This struct gets converted to a `ResolveLifetimes` for
189 /// actual use. It has the same data, but indexed by `DefIndex`. This
192 struct NamedRegionMap {
193 // maps from every use of a named (not anonymous) lifetime to a
194 // `Region` describing how that region is bound
195 pub defs: HirIdMap<Region>,
197 // the set of lifetime def ids that are late-bound; a region can
198 // be late-bound if (a) it does NOT appear in a where-clause and
199 // (b) it DOES appear in the arguments.
200 pub late_bound: HirIdSet,
202 // For each type and trait definition, maps type parameters
203 // to the trait object lifetime defaults computed from them.
204 pub object_lifetime_defaults: HirIdMap<Vec<ObjectLifetimeDefault>>,
207 /// See [`NamedRegionMap`].
209 pub struct ResolveLifetimes {
210 defs: FxHashMap<LocalDefId, FxHashMap<ItemLocalId, Region>>,
211 late_bound: FxHashMap<LocalDefId, FxHashSet<ItemLocalId>>,
212 object_lifetime_defaults:
213 FxHashMap<LocalDefId, FxHashMap<ItemLocalId, Vec<ObjectLifetimeDefault>>>,
216 impl_stable_hash_for!(struct crate::middle::resolve_lifetime::ResolveLifetimes {
219 object_lifetime_defaults
222 struct LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
224 map: &'a mut NamedRegionMap,
227 /// This is slightly complicated. Our representation for poly-trait-refs contains a single
228 /// binder and thus we only allow a single level of quantification. However,
229 /// the syntax of Rust permits quantification in two places, e.g., `T: for <'a> Foo<'a>`
230 /// and `for <'a, 'b> &'b T: Foo<'a>`. In order to get the De Bruijn indices
231 /// correct when representing these constraints, we should only introduce one
232 /// scope. However, we want to support both locations for the quantifier and
233 /// during lifetime resolution we want precise information (so we can't
234 /// desugar in an earlier phase).
236 /// So, if we encounter a quantifier at the outer scope, we set
237 /// `trait_ref_hack` to `true` (and introduce a scope), and then if we encounter
238 /// a quantifier at the inner scope, we error. If `trait_ref_hack` is `false`,
239 /// then we introduce the scope at the inner quantifier.
240 trait_ref_hack: bool,
242 /// Used to disallow the use of in-band lifetimes in `fn` or `Fn` syntax.
243 is_in_fn_syntax: bool,
245 /// List of labels in the function/method currently under analysis.
246 labels_in_fn: Vec<ast::Ident>,
248 /// Cache for cross-crate per-definition object lifetime defaults.
249 xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults: DefIdMap<Vec<ObjectLifetimeDefault>>,
251 lifetime_uses: &'a mut DefIdMap<LifetimeUseSet<'tcx>>,
256 /// Declares lifetimes, and each can be early-bound or late-bound.
257 /// The `DebruijnIndex` of late-bound lifetimes starts at `1` and
258 /// it should be shifted by the number of `Binder`s in between the
259 /// declaration `Binder` and the location it's referenced from.
261 lifetimes: FxHashMap<hir::ParamName, Region>,
263 /// if we extend this scope with another scope, what is the next index
264 /// we should use for an early-bound region?
265 next_early_index: u32,
267 /// Flag is set to true if, in this binder, `'_` would be
268 /// equivalent to a "single-use region". This is true on
269 /// impls, but not other kinds of items.
270 track_lifetime_uses: bool,
272 /// Whether or not this binder would serve as the parent
273 /// binder for opaque types introduced within. For example:
275 /// fn foo<'a>() -> impl for<'b> Trait<Item = impl Trait2<'a>>
277 /// Here, the opaque types we create for the `impl Trait`
278 /// and `impl Trait2` references will both have the `foo` item
279 /// as their parent. When we get to `impl Trait2`, we find
280 /// that it is nested within the `for<>` binder -- this flag
281 /// allows us to skip that when looking for the parent binder
282 /// of the resulting opaque type.
283 opaque_type_parent: bool,
288 /// Lifetimes introduced by a fn are scoped to the call-site for that fn,
289 /// if this is a fn body, otherwise the original definitions are used.
290 /// Unspecified lifetimes are inferred, unless an elision scope is nested,
291 /// e.g., `(&T, fn(&T) -> &T);` becomes `(&'_ T, for<'a> fn(&'a T) -> &'a T)`.
297 /// A scope which either determines unspecified lifetimes or errors
298 /// on them (e.g., due to ambiguity). For more details, see `Elide`.
304 /// Use a specific lifetime (if `Some`) or leave it unset (to be
305 /// inferred in a function body or potentially error outside one),
306 /// for the default choice of lifetime in a trait object type.
307 ObjectLifetimeDefault {
308 lifetime: Option<Region>,
315 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
317 /// Use a fresh anonymous late-bound lifetime each time, by
318 /// incrementing the counter to generate sequential indices.
319 FreshLateAnon(Cell<u32>),
320 /// Always use this one lifetime.
322 /// Less or more than one lifetime were found, error on unspecified.
323 Error(Vec<ElisionFailureInfo>),
326 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
327 struct ElisionFailureInfo {
328 /// Where we can find the argument pattern.
329 parent: Option<hir::BodyId>,
330 /// The index of the argument in the original definition.
332 lifetime_count: usize,
333 have_bound_regions: bool,
336 type ScopeRef<'a> = &'a Scope<'a>;
338 const ROOT_SCOPE: ScopeRef<'static> = &Scope::Root;
340 pub fn provide(providers: &mut ty::query::Providers<'_>) {
341 *providers = ty::query::Providers {
344 named_region_map: |tcx, id| {
345 let id = LocalDefId::from_def_id(DefId::local(id)); // (*)
346 tcx.resolve_lifetimes(LOCAL_CRATE).defs.get(&id)
349 is_late_bound_map: |tcx, id| {
350 let id = LocalDefId::from_def_id(DefId::local(id)); // (*)
351 tcx.resolve_lifetimes(LOCAL_CRATE)
356 object_lifetime_defaults_map: |tcx, id| {
357 let id = LocalDefId::from_def_id(DefId::local(id)); // (*)
358 tcx.resolve_lifetimes(LOCAL_CRATE)
359 .object_lifetime_defaults
366 // (*) FIXME the query should be defined to take a LocalDefId
369 /// Computes the `ResolveLifetimes` map that contains data for the
370 /// entire crate. You should not read the result of this query
371 /// directly, but rather use `named_region_map`, `is_late_bound_map`,
373 fn resolve_lifetimes(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, for_krate: CrateNum) -> &ResolveLifetimes {
374 assert_eq!(for_krate, LOCAL_CRATE);
376 let named_region_map = krate(tcx);
378 let mut rl = ResolveLifetimes::default();
380 for (hir_id, v) in named_region_map.defs {
381 let map = rl.defs.entry(hir_id.owner_local_def_id()).or_default();
382 map.insert(hir_id.local_id, v);
384 for hir_id in named_region_map.late_bound {
385 let map = rl.late_bound
386 .entry(hir_id.owner_local_def_id())
388 map.insert(hir_id.local_id);
390 for (hir_id, v) in named_region_map.object_lifetime_defaults {
391 let map = rl.object_lifetime_defaults
392 .entry(hir_id.owner_local_def_id())
394 map.insert(hir_id.local_id, v);
400 fn krate(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> NamedRegionMap {
401 let krate = tcx.hir().krate();
402 let mut map = NamedRegionMap {
403 defs: Default::default(),
404 late_bound: Default::default(),
405 object_lifetime_defaults: compute_object_lifetime_defaults(tcx),
408 let mut visitor = LifetimeContext {
412 trait_ref_hack: false,
413 is_in_fn_syntax: false,
414 labels_in_fn: vec![],
415 xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults: Default::default(),
416 lifetime_uses: &mut Default::default(),
418 for (_, item) in &krate.items {
419 visitor.visit_item(item);
425 /// In traits, there is an implicit `Self` type parameter which comes before the generics.
426 /// We have to account for this when computing the index of the other generic parameters.
427 /// This function returns whether there is such an implicit parameter defined on the given item.
428 fn sub_items_have_self_param(node: &hir::ItemKind) -> bool {
430 hir::ItemKind::Trait(..) |
431 hir::ItemKind::TraitAlias(..) => true,
436 impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
437 fn nested_visit_map<'this>(&'this mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<'this, 'tcx> {
438 NestedVisitorMap::All(&self.tcx.hir())
441 // We want to nest trait/impl items in their parent, but nothing else.
442 fn visit_nested_item(&mut self, _: hir::ItemId) {}
444 fn visit_nested_body(&mut self, body: hir::BodyId) {
445 // Each body has their own set of labels, save labels.
446 let saved = take(&mut self.labels_in_fn);
447 let body = self.tcx.hir().body(body);
448 extract_labels(self, body);
455 this.visit_body(body);
458 replace(&mut self.labels_in_fn, saved);
461 fn visit_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx hir::Item) {
463 hir::ItemKind::Fn(ref decl, _, ref generics, _) => {
464 self.visit_early_late(None, decl, generics, |this| {
465 intravisit::walk_item(this, item);
469 hir::ItemKind::ExternCrate(_)
470 | hir::ItemKind::Use(..)
471 | hir::ItemKind::Mod(..)
472 | hir::ItemKind::ForeignMod(..)
473 | hir::ItemKind::GlobalAsm(..) => {
474 // These sorts of items have no lifetime parameters at all.
475 intravisit::walk_item(self, item);
477 hir::ItemKind::Static(..) | hir::ItemKind::Const(..) => {
478 // No lifetime parameters, but implied 'static.
479 let scope = Scope::Elision {
480 elide: Elide::Exact(Region::Static),
483 self.with(scope, |_, this| intravisit::walk_item(this, item));
485 hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
486 impl_trait_fn: Some(_),
489 // Currently opaque type declarations are just generated from `impl Trait`
490 // items. Doing anything on this node is irrelevant, as we currently don't need
493 hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(_, ref generics)
494 | hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
499 | hir::ItemKind::Enum(_, ref generics)
500 | hir::ItemKind::Struct(_, ref generics)
501 | hir::ItemKind::Union(_, ref generics)
502 | hir::ItemKind::Trait(_, _, ref generics, ..)
503 | hir::ItemKind::TraitAlias(ref generics, ..)
504 | hir::ItemKind::Impl(_, _, _, ref generics, ..) => {
505 // Impls permit `'_` to be used and it is equivalent to "some fresh lifetime name".
506 // This is not true for other kinds of items.x
507 let track_lifetime_uses = match item.kind {
508 hir::ItemKind::Impl(..) => true,
511 // These kinds of items have only early-bound lifetime parameters.
512 let mut index = if sub_items_have_self_param(&item.kind) {
513 1 // Self comes before lifetimes
517 let mut non_lifetime_count = 0;
518 let lifetimes = generics.params.iter().filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
519 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
520 Some(Region::early(&self.tcx.hir(), &mut index, param))
522 GenericParamKind::Type { .. } |
523 GenericParamKind::Const { .. } => {
524 non_lifetime_count += 1;
528 let scope = Scope::Binder {
530 next_early_index: index + non_lifetime_count,
531 opaque_type_parent: true,
535 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
536 this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &generics.params);
537 intravisit::walk_item(this, item);
543 fn visit_foreign_item(&mut self, item: &'tcx hir::ForeignItem) {
545 hir::ForeignItemKind::Fn(ref decl, _, ref generics) => {
546 self.visit_early_late(None, decl, generics, |this| {
547 intravisit::walk_foreign_item(this, item);
550 hir::ForeignItemKind::Static(..) => {
551 intravisit::walk_foreign_item(self, item);
553 hir::ForeignItemKind::Type => {
554 intravisit::walk_foreign_item(self, item);
559 fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &'tcx hir::Ty) {
560 debug!("visit_ty: id={:?} ty={:?}", ty.hir_id, ty);
561 debug!("visit_ty: ty.kind={:?}", ty.kind);
563 hir::TyKind::BareFn(ref c) => {
564 let next_early_index = self.next_early_index();
565 let was_in_fn_syntax = self.is_in_fn_syntax;
566 self.is_in_fn_syntax = true;
567 let scope = Scope::Binder {
568 lifetimes: c.generic_params
570 .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
571 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
572 Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
579 track_lifetime_uses: true,
580 opaque_type_parent: false,
582 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
583 // a bare fn has no bounds, so everything
584 // contained within is scoped within its binder.
585 this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &c.generic_params);
586 intravisit::walk_ty(this, ty);
588 self.is_in_fn_syntax = was_in_fn_syntax;
590 hir::TyKind::TraitObject(ref bounds, ref lifetime) => {
591 debug!("visit_ty: TraitObject(bounds={:?}, lifetime={:?})", bounds, lifetime);
592 for bound in bounds {
593 self.visit_poly_trait_ref(bound, hir::TraitBoundModifier::None);
595 match lifetime.name {
596 LifetimeName::Implicit => {
597 // For types like `dyn Foo`, we should
598 // generate a special form of elided.
601 "object-lifetime-default expected, not implict",
604 LifetimeName::ImplicitObjectLifetimeDefault => {
605 // If the user does not write *anything*, we
606 // use the object lifetime defaulting
607 // rules. So e.g., `Box<dyn Debug>` becomes
608 // `Box<dyn Debug + 'static>`.
609 self.resolve_object_lifetime_default(lifetime)
611 LifetimeName::Underscore => {
612 // If the user writes `'_`, we use the *ordinary* elision
613 // rules. So the `'_` in e.g., `Box<dyn Debug + '_>` will be
614 // resolved the same as the `'_` in `&'_ Foo`.
617 self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(vec![lifetime])
619 LifetimeName::Param(_) | LifetimeName::Static => {
620 // If the user wrote an explicit name, use that.
621 self.visit_lifetime(lifetime);
623 LifetimeName::Error => {}
626 hir::TyKind::Rptr(ref lifetime_ref, ref mt) => {
627 self.visit_lifetime(lifetime_ref);
628 let scope = Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault {
629 lifetime: self.map.defs.get(&lifetime_ref.hir_id).cloned(),
632 self.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_ty(&mt.ty));
634 hir::TyKind::Def(item_id, ref lifetimes) => {
635 // Resolve the lifetimes in the bounds to the lifetime defs in the generics.
636 // `fn foo<'a>() -> impl MyTrait<'a> { ... }` desugars to
637 // `type MyAnonTy<'b> = impl MyTrait<'b>;`
638 // ^ ^ this gets resolved in the scope of
639 // the opaque_ty generics
640 let (generics, bounds) = match self.tcx.hir().expect_item(item_id.id).kind {
641 // Named opaque `impl Trait` types are reached via `TyKind::Path`.
642 // This arm is for `impl Trait` in the types of statics, constants and locals.
643 hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
647 intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty);
650 // RPIT (return position impl trait)
651 hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
655 }) => (generics, bounds),
656 ref i => bug!("`impl Trait` pointed to non-opaque type?? {:#?}", i),
659 // Resolve the lifetimes that are applied to the opaque type.
660 // These are resolved in the current scope.
661 // `fn foo<'a>() -> impl MyTrait<'a> { ... }` desugars to
662 // `fn foo<'a>() -> MyAnonTy<'a> { ... }`
663 // ^ ^this gets resolved in the current scope
664 for lifetime in lifetimes {
665 if let hir::GenericArg::Lifetime(lifetime) = lifetime {
666 self.visit_lifetime(lifetime);
668 // Check for predicates like `impl for<'a> Trait<impl OtherTrait<'a>>`
669 // and ban them. Type variables instantiated inside binders aren't
670 // well-supported at the moment, so this doesn't work.
671 // In the future, this should be fixed and this error should be removed.
672 let def = self.map.defs.get(&lifetime.hir_id).cloned();
673 if let Some(Region::LateBound(_, def_id, _)) = def {
674 if let Some(hir_id) = self.tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def_id) {
675 // Ensure that the parent of the def is an item, not HRTB
676 let parent_id = self.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(hir_id);
677 let parent_impl_id = hir::ImplItemId { hir_id: parent_id };
678 let parent_trait_id = hir::TraitItemId { hir_id: parent_id };
679 let krate = self.tcx.hir().forest.krate();
681 if !(krate.items.contains_key(&parent_id)
682 || krate.impl_items.contains_key(&parent_impl_id)
683 || krate.trait_items.contains_key(&parent_trait_id))
689 "`impl Trait` can only capture lifetimes \
690 bound at the fn or impl level"
692 self.uninsert_lifetime_on_error(lifetime, def.unwrap());
699 // We want to start our early-bound indices at the end of the parent scope,
700 // not including any parent `impl Trait`s.
701 let mut index = self.next_early_index_for_opaque_type();
702 debug!("visit_ty: index = {}", index);
704 let mut elision = None;
705 let mut lifetimes = FxHashMap::default();
706 let mut non_lifetime_count = 0;
707 for param in &generics.params {
709 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
710 let (name, reg) = Region::early(&self.tcx.hir(), &mut index, ¶m);
711 if let hir::ParamName::Plain(param_name) = name {
712 if param_name.name == kw::UnderscoreLifetime {
713 // Pick the elided lifetime "definition" if one exists
714 // and use it to make an elision scope.
717 lifetimes.insert(name, reg);
720 lifetimes.insert(name, reg);
723 GenericParamKind::Type { .. } |
724 GenericParamKind::Const { .. } => {
725 non_lifetime_count += 1;
729 let next_early_index = index + non_lifetime_count;
731 if let Some(elision_region) = elision {
732 let scope = Scope::Elision {
733 elide: Elide::Exact(elision_region),
736 self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
737 let scope = Scope::Binder {
741 track_lifetime_uses: true,
742 opaque_type_parent: false,
744 this.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
745 this.visit_generics(generics);
746 for bound in bounds {
747 this.visit_param_bound(bound);
752 let scope = Scope::Binder {
756 track_lifetime_uses: true,
757 opaque_type_parent: false,
759 self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
760 this.visit_generics(generics);
761 for bound in bounds {
762 this.visit_param_bound(bound);
767 _ => intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty),
771 fn visit_trait_item(&mut self, trait_item: &'tcx hir::TraitItem) {
772 use self::hir::TraitItemKind::*;
773 match trait_item.kind {
774 Method(ref sig, _) => {
776 self.visit_early_late(
777 Some(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(trait_item.hir_id)),
779 &trait_item.generics,
780 |this| intravisit::walk_trait_item(this, trait_item),
783 Type(ref bounds, ref ty) => {
784 let generics = &trait_item.generics;
785 let mut index = self.next_early_index();
786 debug!("visit_ty: index = {}", index);
787 let mut non_lifetime_count = 0;
788 let lifetimes = generics.params.iter().filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
789 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
790 Some(Region::early(&self.tcx.hir(), &mut index, param))
792 GenericParamKind::Type { .. } |
793 GenericParamKind::Const { .. } => {
794 non_lifetime_count += 1;
798 let scope = Scope::Binder {
800 next_early_index: index + non_lifetime_count,
802 track_lifetime_uses: true,
803 opaque_type_parent: true,
805 self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
806 this.visit_generics(generics);
807 for bound in bounds {
808 this.visit_param_bound(bound);
810 if let Some(ty) = ty {
816 // Only methods and types support generics.
817 assert!(trait_item.generics.params.is_empty());
818 intravisit::walk_trait_item(self, trait_item);
823 fn visit_impl_item(&mut self, impl_item: &'tcx hir::ImplItem) {
824 use self::hir::ImplItemKind::*;
825 match impl_item.kind {
826 Method(ref sig, _) => {
828 self.visit_early_late(
829 Some(tcx.hir().get_parent_item(impl_item.hir_id)),
832 |this| intravisit::walk_impl_item(this, impl_item),
836 let generics = &impl_item.generics;
837 let mut index = self.next_early_index();
838 let mut non_lifetime_count = 0;
839 debug!("visit_ty: index = {}", index);
840 let lifetimes = generics.params.iter().filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
841 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
842 Some(Region::early(&self.tcx.hir(), &mut index, param))
844 GenericParamKind::Const { .. } |
845 GenericParamKind::Type { .. } => {
846 non_lifetime_count += 1;
850 let scope = Scope::Binder {
852 next_early_index: index + non_lifetime_count,
854 track_lifetime_uses: true,
855 opaque_type_parent: true,
857 self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
858 this.visit_generics(generics);
862 OpaqueTy(ref bounds) => {
863 let generics = &impl_item.generics;
864 let mut index = self.next_early_index();
865 let mut next_early_index = index;
866 debug!("visit_ty: index = {}", index);
867 let lifetimes = generics.params.iter().filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
868 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
869 Some(Region::early(&self.tcx.hir(), &mut index, param))
871 GenericParamKind::Type { .. } => {
872 next_early_index += 1;
875 GenericParamKind::Const { .. } => {
876 next_early_index += 1;
881 let scope = Scope::Binder {
885 track_lifetime_uses: true,
886 opaque_type_parent: true,
888 self.with(scope, |_old_scope, this| {
889 this.visit_generics(generics);
890 for bound in bounds {
891 this.visit_param_bound(bound);
896 // Only methods and types support generics.
897 assert!(impl_item.generics.params.is_empty());
898 intravisit::walk_impl_item(self, impl_item);
903 fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'tcx hir::Lifetime) {
904 debug!("visit_lifetime(lifetime_ref={:?})", lifetime_ref);
905 if lifetime_ref.is_elided() {
906 self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(vec![lifetime_ref]);
909 if lifetime_ref.is_static() {
910 self.insert_lifetime(lifetime_ref, Region::Static);
913 self.resolve_lifetime_ref(lifetime_ref);
916 fn visit_path(&mut self, path: &'tcx hir::Path, _: hir::HirId) {
917 for (i, segment) in path.segments.iter().enumerate() {
918 let depth = path.segments.len() - i - 1;
919 if let Some(ref args) = segment.args {
920 self.visit_segment_args(path.res, depth, args);
925 fn visit_fn_decl(&mut self, fd: &'tcx hir::FnDecl) {
926 let output = match fd.output {
927 hir::DefaultReturn(_) => None,
928 hir::Return(ref ty) => Some(&**ty),
930 self.visit_fn_like_elision(&fd.inputs, output);
933 fn visit_generics(&mut self, generics: &'tcx hir::Generics) {
934 check_mixed_explicit_and_in_band_defs(self.tcx, &generics.params);
935 for param in &generics.params {
937 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {}
938 GenericParamKind::Type { ref default, .. } => {
939 walk_list!(self, visit_param_bound, ¶m.bounds);
940 if let Some(ref ty) = default {
944 GenericParamKind::Const { ref ty, .. } => {
945 walk_list!(self, visit_param_bound, ¶m.bounds);
950 for predicate in &generics.where_clause.predicates {
952 &hir::WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(hir::WhereBoundPredicate {
955 ref bound_generic_params,
958 let lifetimes: FxHashMap<_, _> = bound_generic_params
960 .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
961 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
962 Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
967 if !lifetimes.is_empty() {
968 self.trait_ref_hack = true;
969 let next_early_index = self.next_early_index();
970 let scope = Scope::Binder {
974 track_lifetime_uses: true,
975 opaque_type_parent: false,
977 let result = self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
978 this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &bound_generic_params);
979 this.visit_ty(&bounded_ty);
980 walk_list!(this, visit_param_bound, bounds);
982 self.trait_ref_hack = false;
985 self.visit_ty(&bounded_ty);
986 walk_list!(self, visit_param_bound, bounds);
989 &hir::WherePredicate::RegionPredicate(hir::WhereRegionPredicate {
994 self.visit_lifetime(lifetime);
995 walk_list!(self, visit_param_bound, bounds);
997 &hir::WherePredicate::EqPredicate(hir::WhereEqPredicate {
1002 self.visit_ty(lhs_ty);
1003 self.visit_ty(rhs_ty);
1009 fn visit_poly_trait_ref(
1011 trait_ref: &'tcx hir::PolyTraitRef,
1012 _modifier: hir::TraitBoundModifier,
1014 debug!("visit_poly_trait_ref(trait_ref={:?})", trait_ref);
1016 if !self.trait_ref_hack || trait_ref.bound_generic_params.iter().any(|param| {
1018 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => true,
1022 if self.trait_ref_hack {
1027 "nested quantification of lifetimes"
1030 let next_early_index = self.next_early_index();
1031 let scope = Scope::Binder {
1032 lifetimes: trait_ref
1033 .bound_generic_params
1035 .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
1036 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
1037 Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
1044 track_lifetime_uses: true,
1045 opaque_type_parent: false,
1047 self.with(scope, |old_scope, this| {
1048 this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &trait_ref.bound_generic_params);
1049 walk_list!(this, visit_generic_param, &trait_ref.bound_generic_params);
1050 this.visit_trait_ref(&trait_ref.trait_ref)
1053 self.visit_trait_ref(&trait_ref.trait_ref)
1058 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
1072 fn original_label(span: Span) -> Original {
1074 kind: ShadowKind::Label,
1078 fn shadower_label(span: Span) -> Shadower {
1080 kind: ShadowKind::Label,
1084 fn original_lifetime(span: Span) -> Original {
1086 kind: ShadowKind::Lifetime,
1090 fn shadower_lifetime(param: &hir::GenericParam) -> Shadower {
1092 kind: ShadowKind::Lifetime,
1098 fn desc(&self) -> &'static str {
1100 ShadowKind::Label => "label",
1101 ShadowKind::Lifetime => "lifetime",
1106 fn check_mixed_explicit_and_in_band_defs(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, params: &P<[hir::GenericParam]>) {
1107 let lifetime_params: Vec<_> = params
1109 .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
1110 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { kind, .. } => Some((kind, param.span)),
1114 let explicit = lifetime_params
1116 .find(|(kind, _)| *kind == LifetimeParamKind::Explicit);
1117 let in_band = lifetime_params
1119 .find(|(kind, _)| *kind == LifetimeParamKind::InBand);
1121 if let (Some((_, explicit_span)), Some((_, in_band_span))) = (explicit, in_band) {
1126 "cannot mix in-band and explicit lifetime definitions"
1127 ).span_label(*in_band_span, "in-band lifetime definition here")
1128 .span_label(*explicit_span, "explicit lifetime definition here")
1133 fn signal_shadowing_problem(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, name: ast::Name, orig: Original, shadower: Shadower) {
1134 let mut err = if let (ShadowKind::Lifetime, ShadowKind::Lifetime) = (orig.kind, shadower.kind) {
1135 // lifetime/lifetime shadowing is an error
1140 "{} name `{}` shadows a \
1141 {} name that is already in scope",
1142 shadower.kind.desc(),
1147 // shadowing involving a label is only a warning, due to issues with
1148 // labels and lifetimes not being macro-hygienic.
1149 tcx.sess.struct_span_warn(
1152 "{} name `{}` shadows a \
1153 {} name that is already in scope",
1154 shadower.kind.desc(),
1160 err.span_label(orig.span, "first declared here");
1161 err.span_label(shadower.span, format!("lifetime {} already in scope", name));
1165 // Adds all labels in `b` to `ctxt.labels_in_fn`, signalling a warning
1166 // if one of the label shadows a lifetime or another label.
1167 fn extract_labels(ctxt: &mut LifetimeContext<'_, '_>, body: &hir::Body) {
1168 struct GatherLabels<'a, 'tcx> {
1170 scope: ScopeRef<'a>,
1171 labels_in_fn: &'a mut Vec<ast::Ident>,
1174 let mut gather = GatherLabels {
1177 labels_in_fn: &mut ctxt.labels_in_fn,
1179 gather.visit_body(body);
1181 impl<'v, 'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'v> for GatherLabels<'a, 'tcx> {
1182 fn nested_visit_map<'this>(&'this mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<'this, 'v> {
1183 NestedVisitorMap::None
1186 fn visit_expr(&mut self, ex: &hir::Expr) {
1187 if let Some(label) = expression_label(ex) {
1188 for prior_label in &self.labels_in_fn[..] {
1189 // FIXME (#24278): non-hygienic comparison
1190 if label.name == prior_label.name {
1191 signal_shadowing_problem(
1194 original_label(prior_label.span),
1195 shadower_label(label.span),
1200 check_if_label_shadows_lifetime(self.tcx, self.scope, label);
1202 self.labels_in_fn.push(label);
1204 intravisit::walk_expr(self, ex)
1208 fn expression_label(ex: &hir::Expr) -> Option<ast::Ident> {
1209 if let hir::ExprKind::Loop(_, Some(label), _) = ex.kind {
1216 fn check_if_label_shadows_lifetime(
1218 mut scope: ScopeRef<'_>,
1223 Scope::Body { s, .. }
1224 | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
1225 | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
1234 ref lifetimes, s, ..
1236 // FIXME (#24278): non-hygienic comparison
1237 if let Some(def) = lifetimes.get(&hir::ParamName::Plain(label.modern())) {
1238 let hir_id = tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def.id().unwrap()).unwrap();
1240 signal_shadowing_problem(
1243 original_lifetime(tcx.hir().span(hir_id)),
1244 shadower_label(label.span),
1255 fn compute_object_lifetime_defaults(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> HirIdMap<Vec<ObjectLifetimeDefault>> {
1256 let mut map = HirIdMap::default();
1257 for item in tcx.hir().krate().items.values() {
1259 hir::ItemKind::Struct(_, ref generics)
1260 | hir::ItemKind::Union(_, ref generics)
1261 | hir::ItemKind::Enum(_, ref generics)
1262 | hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
1264 impl_trait_fn: None,
1267 | hir::ItemKind::TyAlias(_, ref generics)
1268 | hir::ItemKind::Trait(_, _, ref generics, ..) => {
1269 let result = object_lifetime_defaults_for_item(tcx, generics);
1272 if attr::contains_name(&item.attrs, sym::rustc_object_lifetime_default) {
1273 let object_lifetime_default_reprs: String = result
1275 .map(|set| match *set {
1276 Set1::Empty => "BaseDefault".into(),
1277 Set1::One(Region::Static) => "'static".into(),
1278 Set1::One(Region::EarlyBound(mut i, _, _)) => generics
1281 .find_map(|param| match param.kind {
1282 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
1284 return Some(param.name.ident().to_string().into());
1292 Set1::One(_) => bug!(),
1293 Set1::Many => "Ambiguous".into(),
1295 .collect::<Vec<Cow<'static, str>>>()
1297 tcx.sess.span_err(item.span, &object_lifetime_default_reprs);
1300 map.insert(item.hir_id, result);
1308 /// Scan the bounds and where-clauses on parameters to extract bounds
1309 /// of the form `T:'a` so as to determine the `ObjectLifetimeDefault`
1310 /// for each type parameter.
1311 fn object_lifetime_defaults_for_item(
1313 generics: &hir::Generics,
1314 ) -> Vec<ObjectLifetimeDefault> {
1315 fn add_bounds(set: &mut Set1<hir::LifetimeName>, bounds: &[hir::GenericBound]) {
1316 for bound in bounds {
1317 if let hir::GenericBound::Outlives(ref lifetime) = *bound {
1318 set.insert(lifetime.name.modern());
1326 .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
1327 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => None,
1328 GenericParamKind::Type { .. } => {
1329 let mut set = Set1::Empty;
1331 add_bounds(&mut set, ¶m.bounds);
1333 let param_def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(param.hir_id);
1334 for predicate in &generics.where_clause.predicates {
1335 // Look for `type: ...` where clauses.
1336 let data = match *predicate {
1337 hir::WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(ref data) => data,
1341 // Ignore `for<'a> type: ...` as they can change what
1342 // lifetimes mean (although we could "just" handle it).
1343 if !data.bound_generic_params.is_empty() {
1347 let res = match data.bounded_ty.kind {
1348 hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(None, ref path)) => path.res,
1352 if res == Res::Def(DefKind::TyParam, param_def_id) {
1353 add_bounds(&mut set, &data.bounds);
1358 Set1::Empty => Set1::Empty,
1359 Set1::One(name) => {
1360 if name == hir::LifetimeName::Static {
1361 Set1::One(Region::Static)
1366 .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
1367 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => Some((
1369 hir::LifetimeName::Param(param.name),
1370 LifetimeDefOrigin::from_param(param),
1375 .find(|&(_, (_, lt_name, _))| lt_name == name)
1376 .map_or(Set1::Many, |(i, (id, _, origin))| {
1377 let def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(id);
1378 Set1::One(Region::EarlyBound(i as u32, def_id, origin))
1382 Set1::Many => Set1::Many,
1385 GenericParamKind::Const { .. } => {
1386 // Generic consts don't impose any constraints.
1393 impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
1394 // FIXME(#37666) this works around a limitation in the region inferencer
1395 fn hack<F>(&mut self, f: F)
1397 F: for<'b> FnOnce(&mut LifetimeContext<'b, 'tcx>),
1402 fn with<F>(&mut self, wrap_scope: Scope<'_>, f: F)
1404 F: for<'b> FnOnce(ScopeRef<'_>, &mut LifetimeContext<'b, 'tcx>),
1406 let LifetimeContext {
1412 let labels_in_fn = take(&mut self.labels_in_fn);
1413 let xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults = take(&mut self.xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults);
1414 let mut this = LifetimeContext {
1418 trait_ref_hack: self.trait_ref_hack,
1419 is_in_fn_syntax: self.is_in_fn_syntax,
1421 xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults,
1422 lifetime_uses: lifetime_uses,
1424 debug!("entering scope {:?}", this.scope);
1425 f(self.scope, &mut this);
1426 this.check_uses_for_lifetimes_defined_by_scope();
1427 debug!("exiting scope {:?}", this.scope);
1428 self.labels_in_fn = this.labels_in_fn;
1429 self.xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults = this.xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults;
1432 /// helper method to determine the span to remove when suggesting the
1433 /// deletion of a lifetime
1434 fn lifetime_deletion_span(&self, name: ast::Ident, generics: &hir::Generics) -> Option<Span> {
1435 generics.params.iter().enumerate().find_map(|(i, param)| {
1436 if param.name.ident() == name {
1437 let mut in_band = false;
1438 if let hir::GenericParamKind::Lifetime { kind } = param.kind {
1439 if let hir::LifetimeParamKind::InBand = kind {
1446 if generics.params.len() == 1 {
1447 // if sole lifetime, remove the entire `<>` brackets
1450 // if removing within `<>` brackets, we also want to
1451 // delete a leading or trailing comma as appropriate
1452 if i >= generics.params.len() - 1 {
1453 Some(generics.params[i - 1].span.shrink_to_hi().to(param.span))
1455 Some(param.span.to(generics.params[i + 1].span.shrink_to_lo()))
1465 // helper method to issue suggestions from `fn rah<'a>(&'a T)` to `fn rah(&T)`
1466 // or from `fn rah<'a>(T<'a>)` to `fn rah(T<'_>)`
1467 fn suggest_eliding_single_use_lifetime(
1468 &self, err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>, def_id: DefId, lifetime: &hir::Lifetime
1470 let name = lifetime.name.ident();
1471 let mut remove_decl = None;
1472 if let Some(parent_def_id) = self.tcx.parent(def_id) {
1473 if let Some(generics) = self.tcx.hir().get_generics(parent_def_id) {
1474 remove_decl = self.lifetime_deletion_span(name, generics);
1478 let mut remove_use = None;
1479 let mut elide_use = None;
1480 let mut find_arg_use_span = |inputs: &hir::HirVec<hir::Ty>| {
1481 for input in inputs {
1483 hir::TyKind::Rptr(lt, _) => {
1484 if lt.name.ident() == name {
1485 // include the trailing whitespace between the lifetime and type names
1486 let lt_through_ty_span = lifetime.span.to(input.span.shrink_to_hi());
1488 self.tcx.sess.source_map()
1489 .span_until_non_whitespace(lt_through_ty_span)
1494 hir::TyKind::Path(ref qpath) => {
1495 if let QPath::Resolved(_, path) = qpath {
1497 let last_segment = &path.segments[path.segments.len()-1];
1498 let generics = last_segment.generic_args();
1499 for arg in generics.args.iter() {
1500 if let GenericArg::Lifetime(lt) = arg {
1501 if lt.name.ident() == name {
1502 elide_use = Some(lt.span);
1514 if let Node::Lifetime(hir_lifetime) = self.tcx.hir().get(lifetime.hir_id) {
1515 if let Some(parent) = self.tcx.hir().find(
1516 self.tcx.hir().get_parent_item(hir_lifetime.hir_id))
1519 Node::Item(item) => {
1520 if let hir::ItemKind::Fn(decl, _, _, _) = &item.kind {
1521 find_arg_use_span(&decl.inputs);
1524 Node::ImplItem(impl_item) => {
1525 if let hir::ImplItemKind::Method(sig, _) = &impl_item.kind {
1526 find_arg_use_span(&sig.decl.inputs);
1534 let msg = "elide the single-use lifetime";
1535 match (remove_decl, remove_use, elide_use) {
1536 (Some(decl_span), Some(use_span), None) => {
1537 // if both declaration and use deletion spans start at the same
1538 // place ("start at" because the latter includes trailing
1539 // whitespace), then this is an in-band lifetime
1540 if decl_span.shrink_to_lo() == use_span.shrink_to_lo() {
1541 err.span_suggestion(
1545 Applicability::MachineApplicable,
1548 err.multipart_suggestion(
1550 vec![(decl_span, String::new()), (use_span, String::new())],
1551 Applicability::MachineApplicable,
1555 (Some(decl_span), None, Some(use_span)) => {
1556 err.multipart_suggestion(
1558 vec![(decl_span, String::new()), (use_span, "'_".to_owned())],
1559 Applicability::MachineApplicable,
1566 fn check_uses_for_lifetimes_defined_by_scope(&mut self) {
1567 let defined_by = match self.scope {
1568 Scope::Binder { lifetimes, .. } => lifetimes,
1570 debug!("check_uses_for_lifetimes_defined_by_scope: not in a binder scope");
1575 let mut def_ids: Vec<_> = defined_by
1577 .flat_map(|region| match region {
1578 Region::EarlyBound(_, def_id, _)
1579 | Region::LateBound(_, def_id, _)
1580 | Region::Free(_, def_id) => Some(*def_id),
1582 Region::LateBoundAnon(..) | Region::Static => None,
1586 // ensure that we issue lints in a repeatable order
1587 def_ids.sort_by_cached_key(|&def_id| self.tcx.def_path_hash(def_id));
1589 for def_id in def_ids {
1591 "check_uses_for_lifetimes_defined_by_scope: def_id = {:?}",
1595 let lifetimeuseset = self.lifetime_uses.remove(&def_id);
1598 "check_uses_for_lifetimes_defined_by_scope: lifetimeuseset = {:?}",
1602 match lifetimeuseset {
1603 Some(LifetimeUseSet::One(lifetime)) => {
1604 let hir_id = self.tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def_id).unwrap();
1605 debug!("hir id first={:?}", hir_id);
1606 if let Some((id, span, name)) = match self.tcx.hir().get(hir_id) {
1607 Node::Lifetime(hir_lifetime) => Some((
1608 hir_lifetime.hir_id,
1610 hir_lifetime.name.ident(),
1612 Node::GenericParam(param) => {
1613 Some((param.hir_id, param.span, param.name.ident()))
1617 debug!("id = {:?} span = {:?} name = {:?}", id, span, name);
1619 if name.name == kw::UnderscoreLifetime {
1623 if let Some(parent_def_id) = self.tcx.parent(def_id) {
1624 if let Some(parent_hir_id) = self.tcx.hir()
1625 .as_local_hir_id(parent_def_id) {
1626 // lifetimes in `derive` expansions don't count (Issue #53738)
1627 if self.tcx.hir().attrs(parent_hir_id).iter()
1628 .any(|attr| attr.check_name(sym::automatically_derived)) {
1634 let mut err = self.tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(
1635 lint::builtin::SINGLE_USE_LIFETIMES,
1638 &format!("lifetime parameter `{}` only used once", name),
1641 if span == lifetime.span {
1642 // spans are the same for in-band lifetime declarations
1643 err.span_label(span, "this lifetime is only used here");
1645 err.span_label(span, "this lifetime...");
1646 err.span_label(lifetime.span, "...is used only here");
1648 self.suggest_eliding_single_use_lifetime(&mut err, def_id, lifetime);
1652 Some(LifetimeUseSet::Many) => {
1653 debug!("not one use lifetime");
1656 let hir_id = self.tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def_id).unwrap();
1657 if let Some((id, span, name)) = match self.tcx.hir().get(hir_id) {
1658 Node::Lifetime(hir_lifetime) => Some((
1659 hir_lifetime.hir_id,
1661 hir_lifetime.name.ident(),
1663 Node::GenericParam(param) => {
1664 Some((param.hir_id, param.span, param.name.ident()))
1668 debug!("id ={:?} span = {:?} name = {:?}", id, span, name);
1669 let mut err = self.tcx.struct_span_lint_hir(
1670 lint::builtin::UNUSED_LIFETIMES,
1673 &format!("lifetime parameter `{}` never used", name),
1675 if let Some(parent_def_id) = self.tcx.parent(def_id) {
1676 if let Some(generics) = self.tcx.hir().get_generics(parent_def_id) {
1677 let unused_lt_span = self.lifetime_deletion_span(name, generics);
1678 if let Some(span) = unused_lt_span {
1679 err.span_suggestion(
1681 "elide the unused lifetime",
1683 Applicability::MachineApplicable,
1695 /// Visits self by adding a scope and handling recursive walk over the contents with `walk`.
1697 /// Handles visiting fns and methods. These are a bit complicated because we must distinguish
1698 /// early- vs late-bound lifetime parameters. We do this by checking which lifetimes appear
1699 /// within type bounds; those are early bound lifetimes, and the rest are late bound.
1703 /// fn foo<'a,'b,'c,T:Trait<'b>>(...)
1705 /// Here `'a` and `'c` are late bound but `'b` is early bound. Note that early- and late-bound
1706 /// lifetimes may be interspersed together.
1708 /// If early bound lifetimes are present, we separate them into their own list (and likewise
1709 /// for late bound). They will be numbered sequentially, starting from the lowest index that is
1710 /// already in scope (for a fn item, that will be 0, but for a method it might not be). Late
1711 /// bound lifetimes are resolved by name and associated with a binder ID (`binder_id`), so the
1712 /// ordering is not important there.
1713 fn visit_early_late<F>(
1715 parent_id: Option<hir::HirId>,
1716 decl: &'tcx hir::FnDecl,
1717 generics: &'tcx hir::Generics,
1720 F: for<'b, 'c> FnOnce(&'b mut LifetimeContext<'c, 'tcx>),
1722 insert_late_bound_lifetimes(self.map, decl, generics);
1724 // Find the start of nested early scopes, e.g., in methods.
1726 if let Some(parent_id) = parent_id {
1727 let parent = self.tcx.hir().expect_item(parent_id);
1728 if sub_items_have_self_param(&parent.kind) {
1729 index += 1; // Self comes before lifetimes
1732 hir::ItemKind::Trait(_, _, ref generics, ..)
1733 | hir::ItemKind::Impl(_, _, _, ref generics, ..) => {
1734 index += generics.params.len() as u32;
1740 let mut non_lifetime_count = 0;
1741 let lifetimes = generics.params.iter().filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
1742 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => {
1743 if self.map.late_bound.contains(¶m.hir_id) {
1744 Some(Region::late(&self.tcx.hir(), param))
1746 Some(Region::early(&self.tcx.hir(), &mut index, param))
1749 GenericParamKind::Type { .. } |
1750 GenericParamKind::Const { .. } => {
1751 non_lifetime_count += 1;
1755 let next_early_index = index + non_lifetime_count;
1757 let scope = Scope::Binder {
1761 opaque_type_parent: true,
1762 track_lifetime_uses: false,
1764 self.with(scope, move |old_scope, this| {
1765 this.check_lifetime_params(old_scope, &generics.params);
1766 this.hack(walk); // FIXME(#37666) workaround in place of `walk(this)`
1770 fn next_early_index_helper(&self, only_opaque_type_parent: bool) -> u32 {
1771 let mut scope = self.scope;
1774 Scope::Root => return 0,
1780 } if (!only_opaque_type_parent || opaque_type_parent) =>
1782 return next_early_index
1785 Scope::Binder { s, .. }
1786 | Scope::Body { s, .. }
1787 | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
1788 | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => scope = s,
1793 /// Returns the next index one would use for an early-bound-region
1794 /// if extending the current scope.
1795 fn next_early_index(&self) -> u32 {
1796 self.next_early_index_helper(true)
1799 /// Returns the next index one would use for an `impl Trait` that
1800 /// is being converted into an opaque type alias `impl Trait`. This will be the
1801 /// next early index from the enclosing item, for the most
1802 /// part. See the `opaque_type_parent` field for more info.
1803 fn next_early_index_for_opaque_type(&self) -> u32 {
1804 self.next_early_index_helper(false)
1807 fn resolve_lifetime_ref(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'tcx hir::Lifetime) {
1808 debug!("resolve_lifetime_ref(lifetime_ref={:?})", lifetime_ref);
1810 // If we've already reported an error, just ignore `lifetime_ref`.
1811 if let LifetimeName::Error = lifetime_ref.name {
1815 // Walk up the scope chain, tracking the number of fn scopes
1816 // that we pass through, until we find a lifetime with the
1817 // given name or we run out of scopes.
1819 let mut late_depth = 0;
1820 let mut scope = self.scope;
1821 let mut outermost_body = None;
1824 Scope::Body { id, s } => {
1825 outermost_body = Some(id);
1834 ref lifetimes, s, ..
1836 match lifetime_ref.name {
1837 LifetimeName::Param(param_name) => {
1838 if let Some(&def) = lifetimes.get(¶m_name.modern()) {
1839 break Some(def.shifted(late_depth));
1842 _ => bug!("expected LifetimeName::Param"),
1849 Scope::Elision { s, .. } | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
1855 if let Some(mut def) = result {
1856 if let Region::EarlyBound(..) = def {
1857 // Do not free early-bound regions, only late-bound ones.
1858 } else if let Some(body_id) = outermost_body {
1859 let fn_id = self.tcx.hir().body_owner(body_id);
1860 match self.tcx.hir().get(fn_id) {
1861 Node::Item(&hir::Item {
1862 kind: hir::ItemKind::Fn(..),
1865 | Node::TraitItem(&hir::TraitItem {
1866 kind: hir::TraitItemKind::Method(..),
1869 | Node::ImplItem(&hir::ImplItem {
1870 kind: hir::ImplItemKind::Method(..),
1873 let scope = self.tcx.hir().local_def_id(fn_id);
1874 def = Region::Free(scope, def.id().unwrap());
1880 // Check for fn-syntax conflicts with in-band lifetime definitions
1881 if self.is_in_fn_syntax {
1883 Region::EarlyBound(_, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::InBand)
1884 | Region::LateBound(_, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::InBand) => {
1889 "lifetimes used in `fn` or `Fn` syntax must be \
1890 explicitly declared using `<...>` binders"
1891 ).span_label(lifetime_ref.span, "in-band lifetime definition")
1896 | Region::EarlyBound(_, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::ExplicitOrElided)
1897 | Region::LateBound(_, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::ExplicitOrElided)
1898 | Region::EarlyBound(_, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::Error)
1899 | Region::LateBound(_, _, LifetimeDefOrigin::Error)
1900 | Region::LateBoundAnon(..)
1901 | Region::Free(..) => {}
1905 self.insert_lifetime(lifetime_ref, def);
1911 "use of undeclared lifetime name `{}`",
1913 ).span_label(lifetime_ref.span, "undeclared lifetime")
1918 fn visit_segment_args(&mut self, res: Res, depth: usize, generic_args: &'tcx hir::GenericArgs) {
1920 "visit_segment_args(res={:?}, depth={:?}, generic_args={:?})",
1926 if generic_args.parenthesized {
1927 let was_in_fn_syntax = self.is_in_fn_syntax;
1928 self.is_in_fn_syntax = true;
1929 self.visit_fn_like_elision(generic_args.inputs(), Some(generic_args.bindings[0].ty()));
1930 self.is_in_fn_syntax = was_in_fn_syntax;
1934 let mut elide_lifetimes = true;
1935 let lifetimes = generic_args
1938 .filter_map(|arg| match arg {
1939 hir::GenericArg::Lifetime(lt) => {
1940 if !lt.is_elided() {
1941 elide_lifetimes = false;
1948 if elide_lifetimes {
1949 self.resolve_elided_lifetimes(lifetimes);
1951 lifetimes.iter().for_each(|lt| self.visit_lifetime(lt));
1954 // Figure out if this is a type/trait segment,
1955 // which requires object lifetime defaults.
1956 let parent_def_id = |this: &mut Self, def_id: DefId| {
1957 let def_key = this.tcx.def_key(def_id);
1959 krate: def_id.krate,
1960 index: def_key.parent.expect("missing parent"),
1963 let type_def_id = match res {
1964 Res::Def(DefKind::AssocTy, def_id)
1965 if depth == 1 => Some(parent_def_id(self, def_id)),
1966 Res::Def(DefKind::Variant, def_id)
1967 if depth == 0 => Some(parent_def_id(self, def_id)),
1968 Res::Def(DefKind::Struct, def_id)
1969 | Res::Def(DefKind::Union, def_id)
1970 | Res::Def(DefKind::Enum, def_id)
1971 | Res::Def(DefKind::TyAlias, def_id)
1972 | Res::Def(DefKind::Trait, def_id) if depth == 0 =>
1979 debug!("visit_segment_args: type_def_id={:?}", type_def_id);
1981 // Compute a vector of defaults, one for each type parameter,
1982 // per the rules given in RFCs 599 and 1156. Example:
1985 // struct Foo<'a, T: 'a, U> { }
1988 // If you have `Foo<'x, dyn Bar, dyn Baz>`, we want to default
1989 // `dyn Bar` to `dyn Bar + 'x` (because of the `T: 'a` bound)
1990 // and `dyn Baz` to `dyn Baz + 'static` (because there is no
1993 // Therefore, we would compute `object_lifetime_defaults` to a
1994 // vector like `['x, 'static]`. Note that the vector only
1995 // includes type parameters.
1996 let object_lifetime_defaults = type_def_id.map_or(vec![], |def_id| {
1998 let mut scope = self.scope;
2001 Scope::Root => break false,
2003 Scope::Body { .. } => break true,
2005 Scope::Binder { s, .. }
2006 | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
2007 | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
2014 let map = &self.map;
2015 let unsubst = if let Some(id) = self.tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def_id) {
2016 &map.object_lifetime_defaults[&id]
2019 self.xcrate_object_lifetime_defaults
2021 .or_insert_with(|| {
2022 tcx.generics_of(def_id)
2025 .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
2026 GenericParamDefKind::Type {
2027 object_lifetime_default,
2029 } => Some(object_lifetime_default),
2030 GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime | GenericParamDefKind::Const => None,
2035 debug!("visit_segment_args: unsubst={:?}", unsubst);
2038 .map(|set| match *set {
2039 Set1::Empty => if in_body {
2042 Some(Region::Static)
2045 let lifetimes = generic_args.args.iter().filter_map(|arg| match arg {
2046 GenericArg::Lifetime(lt) => Some(lt),
2049 r.subst(lifetimes, map)
2056 debug!("visit_segment_args: object_lifetime_defaults={:?}", object_lifetime_defaults);
2059 for arg in &generic_args.args {
2061 GenericArg::Lifetime(_) => {}
2062 GenericArg::Type(ty) => {
2063 if let Some(<) = object_lifetime_defaults.get(i) {
2064 let scope = Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault {
2068 self.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_ty(ty));
2074 GenericArg::Const(ct) => {
2075 self.visit_anon_const(&ct.value);
2080 // Hack: when resolving the type `XX` in binding like `dyn
2081 // Foo<'b, Item = XX>`, the current object-lifetime default
2082 // would be to examine the trait `Foo` to check whether it has
2083 // a lifetime bound declared on `Item`. e.g., if `Foo` is
2084 // declared like so, then the default object lifetime bound in
2085 // `XX` should be `'b`:
2093 // but if we just have `type Item;`, then it would be
2094 // `'static`. However, we don't get all of this logic correct.
2096 // Instead, we do something hacky: if there are no lifetime parameters
2097 // to the trait, then we simply use a default object lifetime
2098 // bound of `'static`, because there is no other possibility. On the other hand,
2099 // if there ARE lifetime parameters, then we require the user to give an
2100 // explicit bound for now.
2102 // This is intended to leave room for us to implement the
2103 // correct behavior in the future.
2104 let has_lifetime_parameter = generic_args
2107 .any(|arg| match arg {
2108 GenericArg::Lifetime(_) => true,
2112 // Resolve lifetimes found in the type `XX` from `Item = XX` bindings.
2113 for b in &generic_args.bindings {
2114 let scope = Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault {
2115 lifetime: if has_lifetime_parameter {
2118 Some(Region::Static)
2122 self.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_assoc_type_binding(b));
2126 fn visit_fn_like_elision(&mut self, inputs: &'tcx [hir::Ty], output: Option<&'tcx hir::Ty>) {
2127 debug!("visit_fn_like_elision: enter");
2128 let mut arg_elide = Elide::FreshLateAnon(Cell::new(0));
2129 let arg_scope = Scope::Elision {
2130 elide: arg_elide.clone(),
2133 self.with(arg_scope, |_, this| {
2134 for input in inputs {
2135 this.visit_ty(input);
2138 Scope::Elision { ref elide, .. } => {
2139 arg_elide = elide.clone();
2145 let output = match output {
2150 debug!("visit_fn_like_elision: determine output");
2152 // Figure out if there's a body we can get argument names from,
2153 // and whether there's a `self` argument (treated specially).
2154 let mut assoc_item_kind = None;
2155 let mut impl_self = None;
2156 let parent = self.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(output.hir_id);
2157 let body = match self.tcx.hir().get(parent) {
2158 // `fn` definitions and methods.
2159 Node::Item(&hir::Item {
2160 kind: hir::ItemKind::Fn(.., body),
2164 Node::TraitItem(&hir::TraitItem {
2165 kind: hir::TraitItemKind::Method(_, ref m),
2168 if let hir::ItemKind::Trait(.., ref trait_items) = self.tcx
2170 .expect_item(self.tcx.hir().get_parent_item(parent))
2173 assoc_item_kind = trait_items
2175 .find(|ti| ti.id.hir_id == parent)
2179 hir::TraitMethod::Required(_) => None,
2180 hir::TraitMethod::Provided(body) => Some(body),
2184 Node::ImplItem(&hir::ImplItem {
2185 kind: hir::ImplItemKind::Method(_, body),
2188 if let hir::ItemKind::Impl(.., ref self_ty, ref impl_items) = self.tcx
2190 .expect_item(self.tcx.hir().get_parent_item(parent))
2193 impl_self = Some(self_ty);
2194 assoc_item_kind = impl_items
2196 .find(|ii| ii.id.hir_id == parent)
2202 // Foreign functions, `fn(...) -> R` and `Trait(...) -> R` (both types and bounds).
2203 Node::ForeignItem(_) | Node::Ty(_) | Node::TraitRef(_) => None,
2204 // Everything else (only closures?) doesn't
2205 // actually enjoy elision in return types.
2207 self.visit_ty(output);
2212 let has_self = match assoc_item_kind {
2213 Some(hir::AssocItemKind::Method { has_self }) => has_self,
2217 // In accordance with the rules for lifetime elision, we can determine
2218 // what region to use for elision in the output type in two ways.
2219 // First (determined here), if `self` is by-reference, then the
2220 // implied output region is the region of the self parameter.
2222 struct SelfVisitor<'a> {
2223 map: &'a NamedRegionMap,
2224 impl_self: Option<&'a hir::TyKind>,
2225 lifetime: Set1<Region>,
2228 impl SelfVisitor<'_> {
2229 // Look for `self: &'a Self` - also desugared from `&'a self`,
2230 // and if that matches, use it for elision and return early.
2231 fn is_self_ty(&self, res: Res) -> bool {
2232 if let Res::SelfTy(..) = res {
2236 // Can't always rely on literal (or implied) `Self` due
2237 // to the way elision rules were originally specified.
2238 if let Some(&hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(None, ref path))) =
2242 // Whitelist the types that unambiguously always
2243 // result in the same type constructor being used
2244 // (it can't differ between `Self` and `self`).
2245 Res::Def(DefKind::Struct, _)
2246 | Res::Def(DefKind::Union, _)
2247 | Res::Def(DefKind::Enum, _)
2248 | Res::PrimTy(_) => {
2249 return res == path.res
2259 impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for SelfVisitor<'a> {
2260 fn nested_visit_map<'this>(&'this mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<'this, 'a> {
2261 NestedVisitorMap::None
2264 fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &'a hir::Ty) {
2265 if let hir::TyKind::Rptr(lifetime_ref, ref mt) = ty.kind {
2266 if let hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(None, ref path)) = mt.ty.kind
2268 if self.is_self_ty(path.res) {
2269 if let Some(lifetime) = self.map.defs.get(&lifetime_ref.hir_id) {
2270 self.lifetime.insert(*lifetime);
2275 intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty)
2279 let mut visitor = SelfVisitor {
2281 impl_self: impl_self.map(|ty| &ty.kind),
2282 lifetime: Set1::Empty,
2284 visitor.visit_ty(&inputs[0]);
2285 if let Set1::One(lifetime) = visitor.lifetime {
2286 let scope = Scope::Elision {
2287 elide: Elide::Exact(lifetime),
2290 self.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_ty(output));
2295 // Second, if there was exactly one lifetime (either a substitution or a
2296 // reference) in the arguments, then any anonymous regions in the output
2297 // have that lifetime.
2298 let mut possible_implied_output_region = None;
2299 let mut lifetime_count = 0;
2300 let arg_lifetimes = inputs
2303 .skip(has_self as usize)
2305 let mut gather = GatherLifetimes {
2307 outer_index: ty::INNERMOST,
2308 have_bound_regions: false,
2309 lifetimes: Default::default(),
2311 gather.visit_ty(input);
2313 lifetime_count += gather.lifetimes.len();
2315 if lifetime_count == 1 && gather.lifetimes.len() == 1 {
2316 // there's a chance that the unique lifetime of this
2317 // iteration will be the appropriate lifetime for output
2318 // parameters, so lets store it.
2319 possible_implied_output_region = gather.lifetimes.iter().cloned().next();
2322 ElisionFailureInfo {
2325 lifetime_count: gather.lifetimes.len(),
2326 have_bound_regions: gather.have_bound_regions,
2331 let elide = if lifetime_count == 1 {
2332 Elide::Exact(possible_implied_output_region.unwrap())
2334 Elide::Error(arg_lifetimes)
2337 debug!("visit_fn_like_elision: elide={:?}", elide);
2339 let scope = Scope::Elision {
2343 self.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_ty(output));
2344 debug!("visit_fn_like_elision: exit");
2346 struct GatherLifetimes<'a> {
2347 map: &'a NamedRegionMap,
2348 outer_index: ty::DebruijnIndex,
2349 have_bound_regions: bool,
2350 lifetimes: FxHashSet<Region>,
2353 impl<'v, 'a> Visitor<'v> for GatherLifetimes<'a> {
2354 fn nested_visit_map<'this>(&'this mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<'this, 'v> {
2355 NestedVisitorMap::None
2358 fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &hir::Ty) {
2359 if let hir::TyKind::BareFn(_) = ty.kind {
2360 self.outer_index.shift_in(1);
2363 hir::TyKind::TraitObject(ref bounds, ref lifetime) => {
2364 for bound in bounds {
2365 self.visit_poly_trait_ref(bound, hir::TraitBoundModifier::None);
2368 // Stay on the safe side and don't include the object
2369 // lifetime default (which may not end up being used).
2370 if !lifetime.is_elided() {
2371 self.visit_lifetime(lifetime);
2375 intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty);
2378 if let hir::TyKind::BareFn(_) = ty.kind {
2379 self.outer_index.shift_out(1);
2383 fn visit_generic_param(&mut self, param: &hir::GenericParam) {
2384 if let hir::GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } = param.kind {
2385 // FIXME(eddyb) Do we want this? It only makes a difference
2386 // if this `for<'a>` lifetime parameter is never used.
2387 self.have_bound_regions = true;
2390 intravisit::walk_generic_param(self, param);
2393 fn visit_poly_trait_ref(
2395 trait_ref: &hir::PolyTraitRef,
2396 modifier: hir::TraitBoundModifier,
2398 self.outer_index.shift_in(1);
2399 intravisit::walk_poly_trait_ref(self, trait_ref, modifier);
2400 self.outer_index.shift_out(1);
2403 fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &hir::Lifetime) {
2404 if let Some(&lifetime) = self.map.defs.get(&lifetime_ref.hir_id) {
2406 Region::LateBound(debruijn, _, _) | Region::LateBoundAnon(debruijn, _)
2407 if debruijn < self.outer_index =>
2409 self.have_bound_regions = true;
2413 .insert(lifetime.shifted_out_to_binder(self.outer_index));
2421 fn resolve_elided_lifetimes(&mut self, lifetime_refs: Vec<&'tcx hir::Lifetime>) {
2422 debug!("resolve_elided_lifetimes(lifetime_refs={:?})", lifetime_refs);
2424 if lifetime_refs.is_empty() {
2428 let span = lifetime_refs[0].span;
2429 let mut late_depth = 0;
2430 let mut scope = self.scope;
2431 let mut lifetime_names = FxHashSet::default();
2434 // Do not assign any resolution, it will be inferred.
2435 Scope::Body { .. } => return,
2437 Scope::Root => break None,
2439 Scope::Binder { s, ref lifetimes, .. } => {
2440 // collect named lifetimes for suggestions
2441 for name in lifetimes.keys() {
2442 if let hir::ParamName::Plain(name) = name {
2443 lifetime_names.insert(*name);
2450 Scope::Elision { ref elide, ref s, .. } => {
2451 let lifetime = match *elide {
2452 Elide::FreshLateAnon(ref counter) => {
2453 for lifetime_ref in lifetime_refs {
2454 let lifetime = Region::late_anon(counter).shifted(late_depth);
2455 self.insert_lifetime(lifetime_ref, lifetime);
2459 Elide::Exact(l) => l.shifted(late_depth),
2460 Elide::Error(ref e) => {
2461 if let Scope::Binder { ref lifetimes, .. } = s {
2462 // collect named lifetimes for suggestions
2463 for name in lifetimes.keys() {
2464 if let hir::ParamName::Plain(name) = name {
2465 lifetime_names.insert(*name);
2472 for lifetime_ref in lifetime_refs {
2473 self.insert_lifetime(lifetime_ref, lifetime);
2478 Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
2484 let mut err = report_missing_lifetime_specifiers(self.tcx.sess, span, lifetime_refs.len());
2485 let mut add_label = true;
2487 if let Some(params) = error {
2488 if lifetime_refs.len() == 1 {
2489 add_label = add_label && self.report_elision_failure(&mut err, params, span);
2493 add_missing_lifetime_specifiers_label(
2496 lifetime_refs.len(),
2498 self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(span).ok().as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()),
2505 fn suggest_lifetime(&self, db: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>, span: Span, msg: &str) -> bool {
2506 match self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(span) {
2507 Ok(ref snippet) => {
2508 let (sugg, applicability) = if snippet == "&" {
2509 ("&'static ".to_owned(), Applicability::MachineApplicable)
2510 } else if snippet == "'_" {
2511 ("'static".to_owned(), Applicability::MachineApplicable)
2513 (format!("{} + 'static", snippet), Applicability::MaybeIncorrect)
2515 db.span_suggestion(span, msg, sugg, applicability);
2525 fn report_elision_failure(
2527 db: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
2528 params: &[ElisionFailureInfo],
2531 let mut m = String::new();
2532 let len = params.len();
2534 let elided_params: Vec<_> = params
2537 .filter(|info| info.lifetime_count > 0)
2540 let elided_len = elided_params.len();
2542 for (i, info) in elided_params.into_iter().enumerate() {
2543 let ElisionFailureInfo {
2550 let help_name = if let Some(ident) = parent.and_then(|body| {
2551 self.tcx.hir().body(body).params[index].pat.simple_ident()
2553 format!("`{}`", ident)
2555 format!("argument {}", index + 1)
2563 "one of {}'s {} {}lifetimes",
2566 if have_bound_regions { "free " } else { "" }
2571 if elided_len == 2 && i == 0 {
2573 } else if i + 2 == elided_len {
2574 m.push_str(", or ");
2575 } else if i != elided_len - 1 {
2583 "this function's return type contains a borrowed value, but \
2584 there is no value for it to be borrowed from"
2586 self.suggest_lifetime(db, span, "consider giving it a 'static lifetime")
2587 } else if elided_len == 0 {
2590 "this function's return type contains a borrowed value with \
2591 an elided lifetime, but the lifetime cannot be derived from \
2594 let msg = "consider giving it an explicit bounded or 'static lifetime";
2595 self.suggest_lifetime(db, span, msg)
2596 } else if elided_len == 1 {
2599 "this function's return type contains a borrowed value, but \
2600 the signature does not say which {} it is borrowed from",
2607 "this function's return type contains a borrowed value, but \
2608 the signature does not say whether it is borrowed from {}",
2615 fn resolve_object_lifetime_default(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'tcx hir::Lifetime) {
2616 debug!("resolve_object_lifetime_default(lifetime_ref={:?})", lifetime_ref);
2617 let mut late_depth = 0;
2618 let mut scope = self.scope;
2619 let lifetime = loop {
2621 Scope::Binder { s, .. } => {
2626 Scope::Root | Scope::Elision { .. } => break Region::Static,
2628 Scope::Body { .. } | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { lifetime: None, .. } => return,
2630 Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault {
2631 lifetime: Some(l), ..
2635 self.insert_lifetime(lifetime_ref, lifetime.shifted(late_depth));
2638 fn check_lifetime_params(
2640 old_scope: ScopeRef<'_>,
2641 params: &'tcx [hir::GenericParam],
2643 let lifetimes: Vec<_> = params
2645 .filter_map(|param| match param.kind {
2646 GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => Some((param, param.name.modern())),
2650 for (i, (lifetime_i, lifetime_i_name)) in lifetimes.iter().enumerate() {
2651 if let hir::ParamName::Plain(_) = lifetime_i_name {
2652 let name = lifetime_i_name.ident().name;
2653 if name == kw::UnderscoreLifetime
2654 || name == kw::StaticLifetime
2656 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
2660 "invalid lifetime parameter name: `{}`",
2661 lifetime_i.name.ident(),
2665 format!("{} is a reserved lifetime name", name),
2671 // It is a hard error to shadow a lifetime within the same scope.
2672 for (lifetime_j, lifetime_j_name) in lifetimes.iter().skip(i + 1) {
2673 if lifetime_i_name == lifetime_j_name {
2678 "lifetime name `{}` declared twice in the same scope",
2679 lifetime_j.name.ident()
2680 ).span_label(lifetime_j.span, "declared twice")
2681 .span_label(lifetime_i.span, "previous declaration here")
2686 // It is a soft error to shadow a lifetime within a parent scope.
2687 self.check_lifetime_param_for_shadowing(old_scope, &lifetime_i);
2689 for bound in &lifetime_i.bounds {
2691 hir::GenericBound::Outlives(lt) => match lt.name {
2692 hir::LifetimeName::Underscore => self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
2694 "use of `'_` in illegal place, but not caught by lowering",
2696 hir::LifetimeName::Static => {
2697 self.insert_lifetime(lt, Region::Static);
2701 lifetime_i.span.to(lt.span),
2703 "unnecessary lifetime parameter `{}`",
2704 lifetime_i.name.ident(),
2708 "you can use the `'static` lifetime directly, in place of `{}`",
2709 lifetime_i.name.ident(),
2713 hir::LifetimeName::Param(_) | hir::LifetimeName::Implicit => {
2714 self.resolve_lifetime_ref(lt);
2716 hir::LifetimeName::ImplicitObjectLifetimeDefault => {
2717 self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
2719 "lowering generated `ImplicitObjectLifetimeDefault` \
2720 outside of an object type",
2723 hir::LifetimeName::Error => {
2724 // No need to do anything, error already reported.
2733 fn check_lifetime_param_for_shadowing(
2735 mut old_scope: ScopeRef<'_>,
2736 param: &'tcx hir::GenericParam,
2738 for label in &self.labels_in_fn {
2739 // FIXME (#24278): non-hygienic comparison
2740 if param.name.ident().name == label.name {
2741 signal_shadowing_problem(
2744 original_label(label.span),
2745 shadower_lifetime(¶m),
2753 Scope::Body { s, .. }
2754 | Scope::Elision { s, .. }
2755 | Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => {
2764 ref lifetimes, s, ..
2766 if let Some(&def) = lifetimes.get(¶m.name.modern()) {
2767 let hir_id = self.tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def.id().unwrap()).unwrap();
2769 signal_shadowing_problem(
2771 param.name.ident().name,
2772 original_lifetime(self.tcx.hir().span(hir_id)),
2773 shadower_lifetime(¶m),
2784 /// Returns `true` if, in the current scope, replacing `'_` would be
2785 /// equivalent to a single-use lifetime.
2786 fn track_lifetime_uses(&self) -> bool {
2787 let mut scope = self.scope;
2790 Scope::Root => break false,
2792 // Inside of items, it depends on the kind of item.
2794 track_lifetime_uses,
2796 } => break track_lifetime_uses,
2798 // Inside a body, `'_` will use an inference variable,
2800 Scope::Body { .. } => break true,
2802 // A lifetime only used in a fn argument could as well
2803 // be replaced with `'_`, as that would generate a
2806 elide: Elide::FreshLateAnon(_),
2810 // In the return type or other such place, `'_` is not
2811 // going to make a fresh name, so we cannot
2812 // necessarily replace a single-use lifetime with
2815 elide: Elide::Exact(_),
2819 elide: Elide::Error(_),
2823 Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault { s, .. } => scope = s,
2828 fn insert_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'tcx hir::Lifetime, def: Region) {
2829 if lifetime_ref.hir_id == hir::DUMMY_HIR_ID {
2832 "lifetime reference not renumbered, \
2833 probably a bug in syntax::fold"
2838 "insert_lifetime: {} resolved to {:?} span={:?}",
2839 self.tcx.hir().node_to_string(lifetime_ref.hir_id),
2841 self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_string(lifetime_ref.span)
2843 self.map.defs.insert(lifetime_ref.hir_id, def);
2846 Region::LateBoundAnon(..) | Region::Static => {
2847 // These are anonymous lifetimes or lifetimes that are not declared.
2850 Region::Free(_, def_id)
2851 | Region::LateBound(_, def_id, _)
2852 | Region::EarlyBound(_, def_id, _) => {
2853 // A lifetime declared by the user.
2854 let track_lifetime_uses = self.track_lifetime_uses();
2856 "insert_lifetime: track_lifetime_uses={}",
2859 if track_lifetime_uses && !self.lifetime_uses.contains_key(&def_id) {
2860 debug!("insert_lifetime: first use of {:?}", def_id);
2862 .insert(def_id, LifetimeUseSet::One(lifetime_ref));
2864 debug!("insert_lifetime: many uses of {:?}", def_id);
2865 self.lifetime_uses.insert(def_id, LifetimeUseSet::Many);
2871 /// Sometimes we resolve a lifetime, but later find that it is an
2872 /// error (esp. around impl trait). In that case, we remove the
2873 /// entry into `map.defs` so as not to confuse later code.
2874 fn uninsert_lifetime_on_error(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'tcx hir::Lifetime, bad_def: Region) {
2875 let old_value = self.map.defs.remove(&lifetime_ref.hir_id);
2876 assert_eq!(old_value, Some(bad_def));
2880 /// Detects late-bound lifetimes and inserts them into
2881 /// `map.late_bound`.
2883 /// A region declared on a fn is **late-bound** if:
2884 /// - it is constrained by an argument type;
2885 /// - it does not appear in a where-clause.
2887 /// "Constrained" basically means that it appears in any type but
2888 /// not amongst the inputs to a projection. In other words, `<&'a
2889 /// T as Trait<''b>>::Foo` does not constrain `'a` or `'b`.
2890 fn insert_late_bound_lifetimes(
2891 map: &mut NamedRegionMap,
2893 generics: &hir::Generics,
2896 "insert_late_bound_lifetimes(decl={:?}, generics={:?})",
2900 let mut constrained_by_input = ConstrainedCollector::default();
2901 for arg_ty in &decl.inputs {
2902 constrained_by_input.visit_ty(arg_ty);
2905 let mut appears_in_output = AllCollector::default();
2906 intravisit::walk_fn_ret_ty(&mut appears_in_output, &decl.output);
2909 "insert_late_bound_lifetimes: constrained_by_input={:?}",
2910 constrained_by_input.regions
2913 // Walk the lifetimes that appear in where clauses.
2915 // Subtle point: because we disallow nested bindings, we can just
2916 // ignore binders here and scrape up all names we see.
2917 let mut appears_in_where_clause = AllCollector::default();
2918 appears_in_where_clause.visit_generics(generics);
2920 for param in &generics.params {
2921 if let hir::GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } = param.kind {
2922 if !param.bounds.is_empty() {
2923 // `'a: 'b` means both `'a` and `'b` are referenced
2924 appears_in_where_clause
2926 .insert(hir::LifetimeName::Param(param.name.modern()));
2932 "insert_late_bound_lifetimes: appears_in_where_clause={:?}",
2933 appears_in_where_clause.regions
2936 // Late bound regions are those that:
2937 // - appear in the inputs
2938 // - do not appear in the where-clauses
2939 // - are not implicitly captured by `impl Trait`
2940 for param in &generics.params {
2942 hir::GenericParamKind::Lifetime { .. } => { /* fall through */ }
2944 // Neither types nor consts are late-bound.
2945 hir::GenericParamKind::Type { .. }
2946 | hir::GenericParamKind::Const { .. } => continue,
2949 let lt_name = hir::LifetimeName::Param(param.name.modern());
2950 // appears in the where clauses? early-bound.
2951 if appears_in_where_clause.regions.contains(<_name) {
2955 // does not appear in the inputs, but appears in the return type? early-bound.
2956 if !constrained_by_input.regions.contains(<_name)
2957 && appears_in_output.regions.contains(<_name)
2963 "insert_late_bound_lifetimes: lifetime {:?} with id {:?} is late-bound",
2968 let inserted = map.late_bound.insert(param.hir_id);
2969 assert!(inserted, "visited lifetime {:?} twice", param.hir_id);
2975 struct ConstrainedCollector {
2976 regions: FxHashSet<hir::LifetimeName>,
2979 impl<'v> Visitor<'v> for ConstrainedCollector {
2980 fn nested_visit_map<'this>(&'this mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<'this, 'v> {
2981 NestedVisitorMap::None
2984 fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &'v hir::Ty) {
2986 hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(Some(_), _))
2987 | hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::TypeRelative(..)) => {
2988 // ignore lifetimes appearing in associated type
2989 // projections, as they are not *constrained*
2993 hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(None, ref path)) => {
2994 // consider only the lifetimes on the final
2995 // segment; I am not sure it's even currently
2996 // valid to have them elsewhere, but even if it
2997 // is, those would be potentially inputs to
2999 if let Some(last_segment) = path.segments.last() {
3000 self.visit_path_segment(path.span, last_segment);
3005 intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty);
3010 fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'v hir::Lifetime) {
3011 self.regions.insert(lifetime_ref.name.modern());
3016 struct AllCollector {
3017 regions: FxHashSet<hir::LifetimeName>,
3020 impl<'v> Visitor<'v> for AllCollector {
3021 fn nested_visit_map<'this>(&'this mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap<'this, 'v> {
3022 NestedVisitorMap::None
3025 fn visit_lifetime(&mut self, lifetime_ref: &'v hir::Lifetime) {
3026 self.regions.insert(lifetime_ref.name.modern());
3031 pub fn report_missing_lifetime_specifiers(
3035 ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'_> {
3040 "missing lifetime specifier{}",
3045 fn add_missing_lifetime_specifiers_label(
3046 err: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>,
3049 lifetime_names: &FxHashSet<ast::Ident>,
3050 snippet: Option<&str>,
3053 err.span_label(span, format!("expected {} lifetime parameters", count));
3054 } else if let (1, Some(name), Some("&")) = (
3055 lifetime_names.len(),
3056 lifetime_names.iter().next(),
3059 err.span_suggestion(
3061 "consider using the named lifetime",
3062 format!("&{} ", name),
3063 Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
3066 err.span_label(span, "expected lifetime parameter");