2 use crate::hir::def_id::DefId;
4 use crate::infer::outlives::free_region_map::FreeRegionRelations;
5 use crate::infer::{self, InferCtxt, InferOk, TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
6 use crate::middle::region;
7 use crate::traits::{self, PredicateObligation};
8 use crate::ty::fold::{BottomUpFolder, TypeFoldable, TypeFolder, TypeVisitor};
9 use crate::ty::subst::{InternalSubsts, GenericArg, SubstsRef, GenericArgKind};
10 use crate::ty::{self, GenericParamDefKind, Ty, TyCtxt};
11 use crate::util::nodemap::DefIdMap;
12 use errors::DiagnosticBuilder;
13 use rustc::session::config::nightly_options;
14 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
15 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
18 pub type OpaqueTypeMap<'tcx> = DefIdMap<OpaqueTypeDecl<'tcx>>;
20 /// Information about the opaque types whose values we
21 /// are inferring in this function (these are the `impl Trait` that
22 /// appear in the return type).
23 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
24 pub struct OpaqueTypeDecl<'tcx> {
25 /// The substitutions that we apply to the opaque type that this
26 /// `impl Trait` desugars to. e.g., if:
28 /// fn foo<'a, 'b, T>() -> impl Trait<'a>
30 /// winds up desugared to:
32 /// type Foo<'x, X> = impl Trait<'x>
33 /// fn foo<'a, 'b, T>() -> Foo<'a, T>
35 /// then `substs` would be `['a, T]`.
36 pub substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
38 /// The span of this particular definition of the opaque type. So
42 /// type Foo = impl Baz;
44 /// ^^^ This is the span we are looking for!
47 /// In cases where the fn returns `(impl Trait, impl Trait)` or
48 /// other such combinations, the result is currently
49 /// over-approximated, but better than nothing.
50 pub definition_span: Span,
52 /// The type variable that represents the value of the opaque type
53 /// that we require. In other words, after we compile this function,
54 /// we will be created a constraint like:
58 /// where `?C` is the value of this type variable. =) It may
59 /// naturally refer to the type and lifetime parameters in scope
60 /// in this function, though ultimately it should only reference
61 /// those that are arguments to `Foo` in the constraint above. (In
62 /// other words, `?C` should not include `'b`, even though it's a
63 /// lifetime parameter on `foo`.)
64 pub concrete_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
66 /// Returns `true` if the `impl Trait` bounds include region bounds.
67 /// For example, this would be true for:
69 /// fn foo<'a, 'b, 'c>() -> impl Trait<'c> + 'a + 'b
73 /// fn foo<'c>() -> impl Trait<'c>
75 /// unless `Trait` was declared like:
77 /// trait Trait<'c>: 'c
79 /// in which case it would be true.
81 /// This is used during regionck to decide whether we need to
82 /// impose any additional constraints to ensure that region
83 /// variables in `concrete_ty` wind up being constrained to
84 /// something from `substs` (or, at minimum, things that outlive
85 /// the fn body). (Ultimately, writeback is responsible for this
87 pub has_required_region_bounds: bool,
89 /// The origin of the opaque type.
90 pub origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin,
93 impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
94 /// Replaces all opaque types in `value` with fresh inference variables
95 /// and creates appropriate obligations. For example, given the input:
97 /// impl Iterator<Item = impl Debug>
99 /// this method would create two type variables, `?0` and `?1`. It would
100 /// return the type `?0` but also the obligations:
102 /// ?0: Iterator<Item = ?1>
105 /// Moreover, it returns a `OpaqueTypeMap` that would map `?0` to
106 /// info about the `impl Iterator<..>` type and `?1` to info about
107 /// the `impl Debug` type.
111 /// - `parent_def_id` -- the `DefId` of the function in which the opaque type
113 /// - `body_id` -- the body-id with which the resulting obligations should
115 /// - `param_env` -- the in-scope parameter environment to be used for
117 /// - `value` -- the value within which we are instantiating opaque types
118 /// - `value_span` -- the span where the value came from, used in error reporting
119 pub fn instantiate_opaque_types<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(
121 parent_def_id: DefId,
123 param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
126 ) -> InferOk<'tcx, (T, OpaqueTypeMap<'tcx>)> {
128 "instantiate_opaque_types(value={:?}, parent_def_id={:?}, body_id={:?}, \
129 param_env={:?}, value_span={:?})",
130 value, parent_def_id, body_id, param_env, value_span,
132 let mut instantiator = Instantiator {
138 opaque_types: Default::default(),
141 let value = instantiator.instantiate_opaque_types_in_map(value);
142 InferOk { value: (value, instantiator.opaque_types), obligations: instantiator.obligations }
145 /// Given the map `opaque_types` containing the opaque
146 /// `impl Trait` types whose underlying, hidden types are being
147 /// inferred, this method adds constraints to the regions
148 /// appearing in those underlying hidden types to ensure that they
149 /// at least do not refer to random scopes within the current
150 /// function. These constraints are not (quite) sufficient to
151 /// guarantee that the regions are actually legal values; that
152 /// final condition is imposed after region inference is done.
156 /// Let's work through an example to explain how it works. Assume
157 /// the current function is as follows:
160 /// fn foo<'a, 'b>(..) -> (impl Bar<'a>, impl Bar<'b>)
163 /// Here, we have two `impl Trait` types whose values are being
164 /// inferred (the `impl Bar<'a>` and the `impl
165 /// Bar<'b>`). Conceptually, this is sugar for a setup where we
166 /// define underlying opaque types (`Foo1`, `Foo2`) and then, in
167 /// the return type of `foo`, we *reference* those definitions:
170 /// type Foo1<'x> = impl Bar<'x>;
171 /// type Foo2<'x> = impl Bar<'x>;
172 /// fn foo<'a, 'b>(..) -> (Foo1<'a>, Foo2<'b>) { .. }
179 /// As indicating in the comments above, each of those references
180 /// is (in the compiler) basically a substitution (`substs`)
181 /// applied to the type of a suitable `def_id` (which identifies
182 /// `Foo1` or `Foo2`).
184 /// Now, at this point in compilation, what we have done is to
185 /// replace each of the references (`Foo1<'a>`, `Foo2<'b>`) with
186 /// fresh inference variables C1 and C2. We wish to use the values
187 /// of these variables to infer the underlying types of `Foo1` and
188 /// `Foo2`. That is, this gives rise to higher-order (pattern) unification
189 /// constraints like:
192 /// for<'a> (Foo1<'a> = C1)
193 /// for<'b> (Foo1<'b> = C2)
196 /// For these equation to be satisfiable, the types `C1` and `C2`
197 /// can only refer to a limited set of regions. For example, `C1`
198 /// can only refer to `'static` and `'a`, and `C2` can only refer
199 /// to `'static` and `'b`. The job of this function is to impose that
202 /// Up to this point, C1 and C2 are basically just random type
203 /// inference variables, and hence they may contain arbitrary
204 /// regions. In fact, it is fairly likely that they do! Consider
205 /// this possible definition of `foo`:
208 /// fn foo<'a, 'b>(x: &'a i32, y: &'b i32) -> (impl Bar<'a>, impl Bar<'b>) {
213 /// Here, the values for the concrete types of the two impl
214 /// traits will include inference variables:
221 /// Ordinarily, the subtyping rules would ensure that these are
222 /// sufficiently large. But since `impl Bar<'a>` isn't a specific
223 /// type per se, we don't get such constraints by default. This
224 /// is where this function comes into play. It adds extra
225 /// constraints to ensure that all the regions which appear in the
226 /// inferred type are regions that could validly appear.
228 /// This is actually a bit of a tricky constraint in general. We
229 /// want to say that each variable (e.g., `'0`) can only take on
230 /// values that were supplied as arguments to the opaque type
231 /// (e.g., `'a` for `Foo1<'a>`) or `'static`, which is always in
232 /// scope. We don't have a constraint quite of this kind in the current
237 /// We generally prefer to make `<=` constraints, since they
238 /// integrate best into the region solver. To do that, we find the
239 /// "minimum" of all the arguments that appear in the substs: that
240 /// is, some region which is less than all the others. In the case
241 /// of `Foo1<'a>`, that would be `'a` (it's the only choice, after
242 /// all). Then we apply that as a least bound to the variables
243 /// (e.g., `'a <= '0`).
245 /// In some cases, there is no minimum. Consider this example:
248 /// fn baz<'a, 'b>() -> impl Trait<'a, 'b> { ... }
251 /// Here we would report a more complex "in constraint", like `'r
252 /// in ['a, 'b, 'static]` (where `'r` is some regon appearing in
253 /// the hidden type).
255 /// # Constrain regions, not the hidden concrete type
257 /// Note that generating constraints on each region `Rc` is *not*
258 /// the same as generating an outlives constraint on `Tc` iself.
259 /// For example, if we had a function like this:
262 /// fn foo<'a, T>(x: &'a u32, y: T) -> impl Foo<'a> {
266 /// // Equivalent to:
267 /// type FooReturn<'a, T> = impl Foo<'a>;
268 /// fn foo<'a, T>(..) -> FooReturn<'a, T> { .. }
271 /// then the hidden type `Tc` would be `(&'0 u32, T)` (where `'0`
272 /// is an inference variable). If we generated a constraint that
273 /// `Tc: 'a`, then this would incorrectly require that `T: 'a` --
274 /// but this is not necessary, because the opaque type we
275 /// create will be allowed to reference `T`. So we only generate a
276 /// constraint that `'0: 'a`.
278 /// # The `free_region_relations` parameter
280 /// The `free_region_relations` argument is used to find the
281 /// "minimum" of the regions supplied to a given opaque type.
282 /// It must be a relation that can answer whether `'a <= 'b`,
283 /// where `'a` and `'b` are regions that appear in the "substs"
284 /// for the opaque type references (the `<'a>` in `Foo1<'a>`).
286 /// Note that we do not impose the constraints based on the
287 /// generic regions from the `Foo1` definition (e.g., `'x`). This
288 /// is because the constraints we are imposing here is basically
289 /// the concern of the one generating the constraining type C1,
290 /// which is the current function. It also means that we can
291 /// take "implied bounds" into account in some cases:
294 /// trait SomeTrait<'a, 'b> { }
295 /// fn foo<'a, 'b>(_: &'a &'b u32) -> impl SomeTrait<'a, 'b> { .. }
298 /// Here, the fact that `'b: 'a` is known only because of the
299 /// implied bounds from the `&'a &'b u32` parameter, and is not
300 /// "inherent" to the opaque type definition.
304 /// - `opaque_types` -- the map produced by `instantiate_opaque_types`
305 /// - `free_region_relations` -- something that can be used to relate
306 /// the free regions (`'a`) that appear in the impl trait.
307 pub fn constrain_opaque_types<FRR: FreeRegionRelations<'tcx>>(
309 opaque_types: &OpaqueTypeMap<'tcx>,
310 free_region_relations: &FRR,
312 debug!("constrain_opaque_types()");
314 for (&def_id, opaque_defn) in opaque_types {
315 self.constrain_opaque_type(def_id, opaque_defn, free_region_relations);
319 /// See `constrain_opaque_types` for documentation.
320 pub fn constrain_opaque_type<FRR: FreeRegionRelations<'tcx>>(
323 opaque_defn: &OpaqueTypeDecl<'tcx>,
324 free_region_relations: &FRR,
326 debug!("constrain_opaque_type()");
327 debug!("constrain_opaque_type: def_id={:?}", def_id);
328 debug!("constrain_opaque_type: opaque_defn={:#?}", opaque_defn);
332 let concrete_ty = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(&opaque_defn.concrete_ty);
334 debug!("constrain_opaque_type: concrete_ty={:?}", concrete_ty);
336 let opaque_type_generics = tcx.generics_of(def_id);
338 let span = tcx.def_span(def_id);
340 // If there are required region bounds, we can use them.
341 if opaque_defn.has_required_region_bounds {
342 let predicates_of = tcx.predicates_of(def_id);
343 debug!("constrain_opaque_type: predicates: {:#?}", predicates_of,);
344 let bounds = predicates_of.instantiate(tcx, opaque_defn.substs);
345 debug!("constrain_opaque_type: bounds={:#?}", bounds);
346 let opaque_type = tcx.mk_opaque(def_id, opaque_defn.substs);
348 let required_region_bounds = tcx.required_region_bounds(opaque_type, bounds.predicates);
349 debug_assert!(!required_region_bounds.is_empty());
351 for required_region in required_region_bounds {
352 concrete_ty.visit_with(&mut ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor {
354 op: |r| self.sub_regions(infer::CallReturn(span), required_region, r),
360 // There were no `required_region_bounds`,
361 // so we have to search for a `least_region`.
362 // Go through all the regions used as arguments to the
363 // opaque type. These are the parameters to the opaque
364 // type; so in our example above, `substs` would contain
365 // `['a]` for the first impl trait and `'b` for the
367 let mut least_region = None;
368 for param in &opaque_type_generics.params {
370 GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => {}
374 // Get the value supplied for this region from the substs.
375 let subst_arg = opaque_defn.substs.region_at(param.index as usize);
377 // Compute the least upper bound of it with the other regions.
378 debug!("constrain_opaque_types: least_region={:?}", least_region);
379 debug!("constrain_opaque_types: subst_arg={:?}", subst_arg);
381 None => least_region = Some(subst_arg),
383 if free_region_relations.sub_free_regions(lr, subst_arg) {
384 // keep the current least region
385 } else if free_region_relations.sub_free_regions(subst_arg, lr) {
386 // switch to `subst_arg`
387 least_region = Some(subst_arg);
389 // There are two regions (`lr` and
390 // `subst_arg`) which are not relatable. We
391 // can't find a best choice. Therefore,
392 // instead of creating a single bound like
393 // `'r: 'a` (which is our preferred choice),
394 // we will create a "in bound" like `'r in
395 // ['a, 'b, 'c]`, where `'a..'c` are the
396 // regions that appear in the impl trait.
397 return self.generate_member_constraint(
399 opaque_type_generics,
410 let least_region = least_region.unwrap_or(tcx.lifetimes.re_static);
411 debug!("constrain_opaque_types: least_region={:?}", least_region);
413 concrete_ty.visit_with(&mut ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor {
415 op: |r| self.sub_regions(infer::CallReturn(span), least_region, r),
419 /// As a fallback, we sometimes generate an "in constraint". For
420 /// a case like `impl Foo<'a, 'b>`, where `'a` and `'b` cannot be
421 /// related, we would generate a constraint `'r in ['a, 'b,
422 /// 'static]` for each region `'r` that appears in the hidden type
423 /// (i.e., it must be equal to `'a`, `'b`, or `'static`).
425 /// `conflict1` and `conflict2` are the two region bounds that we
426 /// detected which were unrelated. They are used for diagnostics.
427 fn generate_member_constraint(
429 concrete_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
430 opaque_type_generics: &ty::Generics,
431 opaque_defn: &OpaqueTypeDecl<'tcx>,
432 opaque_type_def_id: DefId,
433 conflict1: ty::Region<'tcx>,
434 conflict2: ty::Region<'tcx>,
436 // For now, enforce a feature gate outside of async functions.
437 if self.member_constraint_feature_gate(
446 // Create the set of choice regions: each region in the hidden
447 // type can be equal to any of the region parameters of the
448 // opaque type definition.
449 let choice_regions: Lrc<Vec<ty::Region<'tcx>>> = Lrc::new(
453 .filter(|param| match param.kind {
454 GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => true,
455 GenericParamDefKind::Type { .. } | GenericParamDefKind::Const => false,
457 .map(|param| opaque_defn.substs.region_at(param.index as usize))
458 .chain(std::iter::once(self.tcx.lifetimes.re_static))
462 concrete_ty.visit_with(&mut ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor {
464 op: |r| self.member_constraint(
466 opaque_defn.definition_span,
474 /// Member constraints are presently feature-gated except for
475 /// async-await. We expect to lift this once we've had a bit more
477 fn member_constraint_feature_gate(
479 opaque_defn: &OpaqueTypeDecl<'tcx>,
480 opaque_type_def_id: DefId,
481 conflict1: ty::Region<'tcx>,
482 conflict2: ty::Region<'tcx>,
484 // If we have `#![feature(member_constraints)]`, no problems.
485 if self.tcx.features().member_constraints {
489 let span = self.tcx.def_span(opaque_type_def_id);
491 // Without a feature-gate, we only generate member-constraints for async-await.
492 let context_name = match opaque_defn.origin {
493 // No feature-gate required for `async fn`.
494 hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn => return false,
496 // Otherwise, generate the label we'll use in the error message.
497 hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TypeAlias => "impl Trait",
498 hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn => "impl Trait",
500 let msg = format!("ambiguous lifetime bound in `{}`", context_name);
501 let mut err = self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err(span, &msg);
503 let conflict1_name = conflict1.to_string();
504 let conflict2_name = conflict2.to_string();
506 let label = match (&*conflict1_name, &*conflict2_name) {
507 ("'_", "'_") => "the elided lifetimes here do not outlive one another",
509 label_owned = format!(
510 "neither `{}` nor `{}` outlives the other",
511 conflict1_name, conflict2_name,
516 err.span_label(span, label);
518 if nightly_options::is_nightly_build() {
520 "add #![feature(member_constraints)] to the crate attributes \
528 /// Given the fully resolved, instantiated type for an opaque
529 /// type, i.e., the value of an inference variable like C1 or C2
530 /// (*), computes the "definition type" for an opaque type
531 /// definition -- that is, the inferred value of `Foo1<'x>` or
532 /// `Foo2<'x>` that we would conceptually use in its definition:
534 /// type Foo1<'x> = impl Bar<'x> = AAA; <-- this type AAA
535 /// type Foo2<'x> = impl Bar<'x> = BBB; <-- or this type BBB
536 /// fn foo<'a, 'b>(..) -> (Foo1<'a>, Foo2<'b>) { .. }
538 /// Note that these values are defined in terms of a distinct set of
539 /// generic parameters (`'x` instead of `'a`) from C1 or C2. The main
540 /// purpose of this function is to do that translation.
542 /// (*) C1 and C2 were introduced in the comments on
543 /// `constrain_opaque_types`. Read that comment for more context.
547 /// - `def_id`, the `impl Trait` type
548 /// - `opaque_defn`, the opaque definition created in `instantiate_opaque_types`
549 /// - `instantiated_ty`, the inferred type C1 -- fully resolved, lifted version of
550 /// `opaque_defn.concrete_ty`
551 pub fn infer_opaque_definition_from_instantiation(
554 opaque_defn: &OpaqueTypeDecl<'tcx>,
555 instantiated_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
559 "infer_opaque_definition_from_instantiation(def_id={:?}, instantiated_ty={:?})",
560 def_id, instantiated_ty
563 // Use substs to build up a reverse map from regions to their
564 // identity mappings. This is necessary because of `impl
565 // Trait` lifetimes are computed by replacing existing
566 // lifetimes with 'static and remapping only those used in the
567 // `impl Trait` return type, resulting in the parameters
569 let id_substs = InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(self.tcx, def_id);
570 let map: FxHashMap<GenericArg<'tcx>, GenericArg<'tcx>> = opaque_defn
574 .map(|(index, subst)| (*subst, id_substs[index]))
577 // Convert the type from the function into a type valid outside
578 // the function, by replacing invalid regions with 'static,
579 // after producing an error for each of them.
580 let definition_ty = instantiated_ty.fold_with(&mut ReverseMapper::new(
582 self.is_tainted_by_errors(),
588 debug!("infer_opaque_definition_from_instantiation: definition_ty={:?}", definition_ty);
594 pub fn unexpected_hidden_region_diagnostic(
596 region_scope_tree: Option<®ion::ScopeTree>,
597 opaque_type_def_id: DefId,
599 hidden_region: ty::Region<'tcx>,
600 ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx> {
601 let span = tcx.def_span(opaque_type_def_id);
602 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
606 "hidden type for `impl Trait` captures lifetime that does not appear in bounds",
609 // Explain the region we are capturing.
610 if let ty::ReEarlyBound(_) | ty::ReFree(_) | ty::ReStatic | ty::ReEmpty = hidden_region {
611 // Assuming regionck succeeded (*), we ought to always be
612 // capturing *some* region from the fn header, and hence it
613 // ought to be free. So under normal circumstances, we will go
614 // down this path which gives a decent human readable
617 // (*) if not, the `tainted_by_errors` flag would be set to
618 // true in any case, so we wouldn't be here at all.
619 tcx.note_and_explain_free_region(
621 &format!("hidden type `{}` captures ", hidden_ty),
626 // Ugh. This is a painful case: the hidden region is not one
627 // that we can easily summarize or explain. This can happen
629 // `src/test/ui/multiple-lifetimes/ordinary-bounds-unsuited.rs`:
632 // fn upper_bounds<'a, 'b>(a: Ordinary<'a>, b: Ordinary<'b>) -> impl Trait<'a, 'b> {
633 // if condition() { a } else { b }
637 // Here the captured lifetime is the intersection of `'a` and
638 // `'b`, which we can't quite express.
640 if let Some(region_scope_tree) = region_scope_tree {
641 // If the `region_scope_tree` is available, this is being
642 // invoked from the "region inferencer error". We can at
643 // least report a really cryptic error for now.
644 tcx.note_and_explain_region(
647 &format!("hidden type `{}` captures ", hidden_ty),
652 // If the `region_scope_tree` is *unavailable*, this is
653 // being invoked by the code that comes *after* region
654 // inferencing. This is a bug, as the region inferencer
655 // ought to have noticed the failed constraint and invoked
656 // error reporting, which in turn should have prevented us
657 // from getting trying to infer the hidden type
659 tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
662 "hidden type captures unexpected lifetime `{:?}` \
663 but no region inference failure",
673 // Visitor that requires that (almost) all regions in the type visited outlive
674 // `least_region`. We cannot use `push_outlives_components` because regions in
675 // closure signatures are not included in their outlives components. We need to
676 // ensure all regions outlive the given bound so that we don't end up with,
677 // say, `ReScope` appearing in a return type and causing ICEs when other
678 // functions end up with region constraints involving regions from other
681 // We also cannot use `for_each_free_region` because for closures it includes
682 // the regions parameters from the enclosing item.
684 // We ignore any type parameters because impl trait values are assumed to
685 // capture all the in-scope type parameters.
686 struct ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor<'tcx, OP>
688 OP: FnMut(ty::Region<'tcx>),
694 impl<'tcx, OP> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ConstrainOpaqueTypeRegionVisitor<'tcx, OP>
696 OP: FnMut(ty::Region<'tcx>),
698 fn visit_binder<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, t: &ty::Binder<T>) -> bool {
699 t.skip_binder().visit_with(self);
700 false // keep visiting
703 fn visit_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> bool {
705 // ignore bound regions, keep visiting
706 ty::ReLateBound(_, _) => false,
714 fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
715 // We're only interested in types involving regions
716 if !ty.flags.intersects(ty::TypeFlags::HAS_FREE_REGIONS) {
717 return false; // keep visiting
721 ty::Closure(def_id, ref substs) => {
722 // Skip lifetime parameters of the enclosing item(s)
724 for upvar_ty in substs.as_closure().upvar_tys(def_id, self.tcx) {
725 upvar_ty.visit_with(self);
728 substs.as_closure().sig_ty(def_id, self.tcx).visit_with(self);
731 ty::Generator(def_id, ref substs, _) => {
732 // Skip lifetime parameters of the enclosing item(s)
733 // Also skip the witness type, because that has no free regions.
735 for upvar_ty in substs.as_generator().upvar_tys(def_id, self.tcx) {
736 upvar_ty.visit_with(self);
739 substs.as_generator().return_ty(def_id, self.tcx).visit_with(self);
740 substs.as_generator().yield_ty(def_id, self.tcx).visit_with(self);
743 ty.super_visit_with(self);
751 struct ReverseMapper<'tcx> {
754 /// If errors have already been reported in this fn, we suppress
755 /// our own errors because they are sometimes derivative.
756 tainted_by_errors: bool,
758 opaque_type_def_id: DefId,
759 map: FxHashMap<GenericArg<'tcx>, GenericArg<'tcx>>,
760 map_missing_regions_to_empty: bool,
762 /// initially `Some`, set to `None` once error has been reported
763 hidden_ty: Option<Ty<'tcx>>,
765 /// Span of function being checked.
769 impl ReverseMapper<'tcx> {
772 tainted_by_errors: bool,
773 opaque_type_def_id: DefId,
774 map: FxHashMap<GenericArg<'tcx>, GenericArg<'tcx>>,
783 map_missing_regions_to_empty: false,
784 hidden_ty: Some(hidden_ty),
789 fn fold_kind_mapping_missing_regions_to_empty(
791 kind: GenericArg<'tcx>,
792 ) -> GenericArg<'tcx> {
793 assert!(!self.map_missing_regions_to_empty);
794 self.map_missing_regions_to_empty = true;
795 let kind = kind.fold_with(self);
796 self.map_missing_regions_to_empty = false;
800 fn fold_kind_normally(&mut self, kind: GenericArg<'tcx>) -> GenericArg<'tcx> {
801 assert!(!self.map_missing_regions_to_empty);
806 impl TypeFolder<'tcx> for ReverseMapper<'tcx> {
807 fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
811 fn fold_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ty::Region<'tcx> {
813 // ignore bound regions that appear in the type (e.g., this
814 // would ignore `'r` in a type like `for<'r> fn(&'r u32)`.
815 ty::ReLateBound(..) |
817 // ignore `'static`, as that can appear anywhere
818 ty::ReStatic => return r,
823 let generics = self.tcx().generics_of(self.opaque_type_def_id);
824 match self.map.get(&r.into()).map(|k| k.unpack()) {
825 Some(GenericArgKind::Lifetime(r1)) => r1,
826 Some(u) => panic!("region mapped to unexpected kind: {:?}", u),
827 None if generics.parent.is_some() => {
828 if !self.map_missing_regions_to_empty && !self.tainted_by_errors {
829 if let Some(hidden_ty) = self.hidden_ty.take() {
830 unexpected_hidden_region_diagnostic(
833 self.opaque_type_def_id,
839 self.tcx.lifetimes.re_empty
845 "non-defining opaque type use in defining scope"
849 format!("lifetime `{}` is part of concrete type but not used in \
850 parameter list of the `impl Trait` type alias", r),
854 self.tcx().mk_region(ty::ReStatic)
859 fn fold_ty(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
861 ty::Closure(def_id, substs) => {
862 // I am a horrible monster and I pray for death. When
863 // we encounter a closure here, it is always a closure
864 // from within the function that we are currently
865 // type-checking -- one that is now being encapsulated
866 // in an opaque type. Ideally, we would
867 // go through the types/lifetimes that it references
868 // and treat them just like we would any other type,
869 // which means we would error out if we find any
870 // reference to a type/region that is not in the
873 // **However,** in the case of closures, there is a
874 // somewhat subtle (read: hacky) consideration. The
875 // problem is that our closure types currently include
876 // all the lifetime parameters declared on the
877 // enclosing function, even if they are unused by the
878 // closure itself. We can't readily filter them out,
879 // so here we replace those values with `'empty`. This
880 // can't really make a difference to the rest of the
881 // compiler; those regions are ignored for the
882 // outlives relation, and hence don't affect trait
883 // selection or auto traits, and they are erased
886 let generics = self.tcx.generics_of(def_id);
888 self.tcx.mk_substs(substs.iter().enumerate().map(|(index, &kind)| {
889 if index < generics.parent_count {
890 // Accommodate missing regions in the parent kinds...
891 self.fold_kind_mapping_missing_regions_to_empty(kind)
893 // ...but not elsewhere.
894 self.fold_kind_normally(kind)
898 self.tcx.mk_closure(def_id, substs)
901 ty::Generator(def_id, substs, movability) => {
902 let generics = self.tcx.generics_of(def_id);
904 self.tcx.mk_substs(substs.iter().enumerate().map(|(index, &kind)| {
905 if index < generics.parent_count {
906 // Accommodate missing regions in the parent kinds...
907 self.fold_kind_mapping_missing_regions_to_empty(kind)
909 // ...but not elsewhere.
910 self.fold_kind_normally(kind)
914 self.tcx.mk_generator(def_id, substs, movability)
918 // Look it up in the substitution list.
919 match self.map.get(&ty.into()).map(|k| k.unpack()) {
920 // Found it in the substitution list; replace with the parameter from the
922 Some(GenericArgKind::Type(t1)) => t1,
923 Some(u) => panic!("type mapped to unexpected kind: {:?}", u),
928 &format!("type parameter `{}` is part of concrete type but not \
929 used in parameter list for the `impl Trait` type alias",
939 _ => ty.super_fold_with(self),
943 fn fold_const(&mut self, ct: &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx>) -> &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx> {
944 trace!("checking const {:?}", ct);
945 // Find a const parameter
947 ty::ConstKind::Param(..) => {
948 // Look it up in the substitution list.
949 match self.map.get(&ct.into()).map(|k| k.unpack()) {
950 // Found it in the substitution list, replace with the parameter from the
952 Some(GenericArgKind::Const(c1)) => c1,
953 Some(u) => panic!("const mapped to unexpected kind: {:?}", u),
958 &format!("const parameter `{}` is part of concrete type but not \
959 used in parameter list for the `impl Trait` type alias",
964 self.tcx().consts.err
974 struct Instantiator<'a, 'tcx> {
975 infcx: &'a InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
976 parent_def_id: DefId,
978 param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
980 opaque_types: OpaqueTypeMap<'tcx>,
981 obligations: Vec<PredicateObligation<'tcx>>,
984 impl<'a, 'tcx> Instantiator<'a, 'tcx> {
985 fn instantiate_opaque_types_in_map<T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>>(&mut self, value: &T) -> T {
986 debug!("instantiate_opaque_types_in_map(value={:?})", value);
987 let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
988 value.fold_with(&mut BottomUpFolder {
991 if ty.references_error() {
992 return tcx.types.err;
993 } else if let ty::Opaque(def_id, substs) = ty.kind {
994 // Check that this is `impl Trait` type is
995 // declared by `parent_def_id` -- i.e., one whose
996 // value we are inferring. At present, this is
997 // always true during the first phase of
998 // type-check, but not always true later on during
999 // NLL. Once we support named opaque types more fully,
1000 // this same scenario will be able to arise during all phases.
1002 // Here is an example using type alias `impl Trait`
1003 // that indicates the distinction we are checking for:
1007 // pub type Foo = impl Iterator;
1008 // pub fn make_foo() -> Foo { .. }
1012 // fn foo() -> a::Foo { a::make_foo() }
1016 // Here, the return type of `foo` references a
1017 // `Opaque` indeed, but not one whose value is
1018 // presently being inferred. You can get into a
1019 // similar situation with closure return types
1023 // fn foo() -> impl Iterator { .. }
1025 // let x = || foo(); // returns the Opaque assoc with `foo`
1028 if let Some(opaque_hir_id) = tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def_id) {
1029 let parent_def_id = self.parent_def_id;
1030 let def_scope_default = || {
1031 let opaque_parent_hir_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(opaque_hir_id);
1032 parent_def_id == tcx.hir()
1033 .local_def_id(opaque_parent_hir_id)
1035 let (in_definition_scope, origin) = match tcx.hir().find(opaque_hir_id) {
1036 Some(Node::Item(item)) => match item.kind {
1037 // Anonymous `impl Trait`
1038 hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
1039 impl_trait_fn: Some(parent),
1042 }) => (parent == self.parent_def_id, origin),
1043 // Named `type Foo = impl Bar;`
1044 hir::ItemKind::OpaqueTy(hir::OpaqueTy {
1045 impl_trait_fn: None,
1049 may_define_opaque_type(
1057 (def_scope_default(), hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TypeAlias)
1060 Some(Node::ImplItem(item)) => match item.kind {
1061 hir::ImplItemKind::OpaqueTy(_) => (
1062 may_define_opaque_type(
1067 hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TypeAlias,
1070 (def_scope_default(), hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TypeAlias)
1074 "expected (impl) item, found {}",
1075 tcx.hir().node_to_string(opaque_hir_id),
1078 if in_definition_scope {
1079 return self.fold_opaque_ty(ty, def_id, substs, origin);
1083 "instantiate_opaque_types_in_map: \
1084 encountered opaque outside its definition scope \
1102 substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
1103 origin: hir::OpaqueTyOrigin,
1105 let infcx = self.infcx;
1106 let tcx = infcx.tcx;
1108 debug!("instantiate_opaque_types: Opaque(def_id={:?}, substs={:?})", def_id, substs);
1110 // Use the same type variable if the exact same opaque type appears more
1111 // than once in the return type (e.g., if it's passed to a type alias).
1112 if let Some(opaque_defn) = self.opaque_types.get(&def_id) {
1113 debug!("instantiate_opaque_types: returning concrete ty {:?}", opaque_defn.concrete_ty);
1114 return opaque_defn.concrete_ty;
1116 let span = tcx.def_span(def_id);
1117 debug!("fold_opaque_ty {:?} {:?}", self.value_span, span);
1119 .next_ty_var(TypeVariableOrigin { kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::TypeInference, span });
1121 let predicates_of = tcx.predicates_of(def_id);
1122 debug!("instantiate_opaque_types: predicates={:#?}", predicates_of,);
1123 let bounds = predicates_of.instantiate(tcx, substs);
1125 let param_env = tcx.param_env(def_id);
1126 let InferOk { value: bounds, obligations } =
1127 infcx.partially_normalize_associated_types_in(span, self.body_id, param_env, &bounds);
1128 self.obligations.extend(obligations);
1130 debug!("instantiate_opaque_types: bounds={:?}", bounds);
1132 let required_region_bounds = tcx.required_region_bounds(ty, bounds.predicates.clone());
1133 debug!("instantiate_opaque_types: required_region_bounds={:?}", required_region_bounds);
1135 // Make sure that we are in fact defining the *entire* type
1136 // (e.g., `type Foo<T: Bound> = impl Bar;` needs to be
1137 // defined by a function like `fn foo<T: Bound>() -> Foo<T>`).
1138 debug!("instantiate_opaque_types: param_env={:#?}", self.param_env,);
1139 debug!("instantiate_opaque_types: generics={:#?}", tcx.generics_of(def_id),);
1141 // Ideally, we'd get the span where *this specific `ty` came
1142 // from*, but right now we just use the span from the overall
1143 // value being folded. In simple cases like `-> impl Foo`,
1144 // these are the same span, but not in cases like `-> (impl
1146 let definition_span = self.value_span;
1148 self.opaque_types.insert(
1153 concrete_ty: ty_var,
1154 has_required_region_bounds: !required_region_bounds.is_empty(),
1158 debug!("instantiate_opaque_types: ty_var={:?}", ty_var);
1160 for predicate in &bounds.predicates {
1161 if let ty::Predicate::Projection(projection) = &predicate {
1162 if projection.skip_binder().ty.references_error() {
1163 // No point on adding these obligations since there's a type error involved.
1169 self.obligations.reserve(bounds.predicates.len());
1170 for predicate in bounds.predicates {
1171 // Change the predicate to refer to the type variable,
1172 // which will be the concrete type instead of the opaque type.
1173 // This also instantiates nested instances of `impl Trait`.
1174 let predicate = self.instantiate_opaque_types_in_map(&predicate);
1176 let cause = traits::ObligationCause::new(span, self.body_id, traits::SizedReturnType);
1178 // Require that the predicate holds for the concrete type.
1179 debug!("instantiate_opaque_types: predicate={:?}", predicate);
1180 self.obligations.push(traits::Obligation::new(cause, self.param_env, predicate));
1187 /// Returns `true` if `opaque_hir_id` is a sibling or a child of a sibling of `def_id`.
1193 /// pub trait Bar { .. }
1195 /// pub type Baz = impl Bar;
1197 /// fn f1() -> Baz { .. }
1200 /// fn f2() -> bar::Baz { .. }
1204 /// Here, `def_id` is the `DefId` of the defining use of the opaque type (e.g., `f1` or `f2`),
1205 /// and `opaque_hir_id` is the `HirId` of the definition of the opaque type `Baz`.
1206 /// For the above example, this function returns `true` for `f1` and `false` for `f2`.
1207 pub fn may_define_opaque_type(
1210 opaque_hir_id: hir::HirId,
1212 let mut hir_id = tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def_id).unwrap();
1214 // Named opaque types can be defined by any siblings or children of siblings.
1215 let scope = tcx.hir().get_defining_scope(opaque_hir_id);
1216 // We walk up the node tree until we hit the root or the scope of the opaque type.
1217 while hir_id != scope && hir_id != hir::CRATE_HIR_ID {
1218 hir_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(hir_id);
1220 // Syntactically, we are allowed to define the concrete type if:
1221 let res = hir_id == scope;
1223 "may_define_opaque_type(def={:?}, opaque_node={:?}) = {}",
1224 tcx.hir().get(hir_id),
1225 tcx.hir().get(opaque_hir_id),