1 // Copyright 2012-2014 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
2 // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
3 // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
5 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
6 // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
7 // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
8 // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
9 // except according to those terms.
11 use back::archive::{Archive, METADATA_FILENAME};
14 use driver::driver::{CrateTranslation, OutputFilenames};
15 use driver::session::{NoDebugInfo, Session};
18 use lib::llvm::ModuleRef;
20 use metadata::common::LinkMeta;
21 use metadata::{encoder, cstore, filesearch, csearch};
22 use middle::trans::context::CrateContext;
23 use middle::trans::common::gensym_name;
25 use util::common::time;
27 use util::sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
29 use std::c_str::{ToCStr, CString};
31 use std::os::consts::{macos, freebsd, linux, android, win32};
35 use std::io::{fs, TempDir, Process};
37 use serialize::hex::ToHex;
40 use syntax::ast_map::{PathElem, PathElems, PathName};
43 use syntax::attr::AttrMetaMethods;
44 use syntax::crateid::CrateId;
45 use syntax::parse::token;
47 #[deriving(Clone, Eq, Ord, TotalOrd, TotalEq)]
51 OutputTypeLlvmAssembly,
56 pub fn llvm_err(sess: &Session, msg: ~str) -> ! {
58 let cstr = llvm::LLVMRustGetLastError();
59 if cstr == ptr::null() {
62 let err = CString::new(cstr, false);
63 let err = str::from_utf8_lossy(err.as_bytes());
64 sess.fatal(msg + ": " + err.as_slice());
69 pub fn WriteOutputFile(
71 target: lib::llvm::TargetMachineRef,
72 pm: lib::llvm::PassManagerRef,
75 file_type: lib::llvm::FileType) {
77 output.with_c_str(|output| {
78 let result = llvm::LLVMRustWriteOutputFile(
79 target, pm, m, output, file_type);
81 llvm_err(sess, ~"could not write output");
90 use back::link::{WriteOutputFile, OutputType};
91 use back::link::{OutputTypeAssembly, OutputTypeBitcode};
92 use back::link::{OutputTypeExe, OutputTypeLlvmAssembly};
93 use back::link::{OutputTypeObject};
94 use driver::driver::{CrateTranslation, OutputFilenames};
95 use driver::session::{NoDebugInfo, Session};
98 use lib::llvm::{ModuleRef, TargetMachineRef, PassManagerRef};
100 use util::common::time;
103 use std::c_str::ToCStr;
104 use std::io::Process;
105 use std::libc::{c_uint, c_int};
108 // On android, we by default compile for armv7 processors. This enables
109 // things like double word CAS instructions (rather than emulating them)
110 // which are *far* more efficient. This is obviously undesirable in some
111 // cases, so if any sort of target feature is specified we don't append v7
112 // to the feature list.
113 fn target_feature<'a>(sess: &'a Session) -> &'a str {
114 match sess.targ_cfg.os {
116 if "" == sess.opts.cg.target_feature {
119 sess.opts.cg.target_feature.as_slice()
122 _ => sess.opts.cg.target_feature.as_slice()
126 pub fn run_passes(sess: &Session,
127 trans: &CrateTranslation,
128 output_types: &[OutputType],
129 output: &OutputFilenames) {
130 let llmod = trans.module;
131 let llcx = trans.context;
133 configure_llvm(sess);
135 if sess.opts.cg.save_temps {
136 output.with_extension("no-opt.bc").with_c_str(|buf| {
137 llvm::LLVMWriteBitcodeToFile(llmod, buf);
141 let opt_level = match sess.opts.optimize {
142 session::No => lib::llvm::CodeGenLevelNone,
143 session::Less => lib::llvm::CodeGenLevelLess,
144 session::Default => lib::llvm::CodeGenLevelDefault,
145 session::Aggressive => lib::llvm::CodeGenLevelAggressive,
147 let use_softfp = sess.opts.cg.soft_float;
149 // FIXME: #11906: Omitting frame pointers breaks retrieving the value of a parameter.
150 // FIXME: #11954: mac64 unwinding may not work with fp elim
151 let no_fp_elim = (sess.opts.debuginfo != NoDebugInfo) ||
152 (sess.targ_cfg.os == abi::OsMacos &&
153 sess.targ_cfg.arch == abi::X86_64);
155 let tm = sess.targ_cfg.target_strs.target_triple.with_c_str(|t| {
156 sess.opts.cg.target_cpu.with_c_str(|cpu| {
157 target_feature(sess).with_c_str(|features| {
158 llvm::LLVMRustCreateTargetMachine(
160 lib::llvm::CodeModelDefault,
171 // Create the two optimizing pass managers. These mirror what clang
172 // does, and are by populated by LLVM's default PassManagerBuilder.
173 // Each manager has a different set of passes, but they also share
174 // some common passes.
175 let fpm = llvm::LLVMCreateFunctionPassManagerForModule(llmod);
176 let mpm = llvm::LLVMCreatePassManager();
178 // If we're verifying or linting, add them to the function pass
180 let addpass = |pass: &str| {
181 pass.with_c_str(|s| llvm::LLVMRustAddPass(fpm, s))
183 if !sess.no_verify() { assert!(addpass("verify")); }
185 if !sess.opts.cg.no_prepopulate_passes {
186 llvm::LLVMRustAddAnalysisPasses(tm, fpm, llmod);
187 llvm::LLVMRustAddAnalysisPasses(tm, mpm, llmod);
188 populate_llvm_passes(fpm, mpm, llmod, opt_level);
191 for pass in sess.opts.cg.passes.iter() {
192 pass.with_c_str(|s| {
193 if !llvm::LLVMRustAddPass(mpm, s) {
194 sess.warn(format!("unknown pass {}, ignoring", *pass));
199 // Finally, run the actual optimization passes
200 time(sess.time_passes(), "llvm function passes", (), |()|
201 llvm::LLVMRustRunFunctionPassManager(fpm, llmod));
202 time(sess.time_passes(), "llvm module passes", (), |()|
203 llvm::LLVMRunPassManager(mpm, llmod));
205 // Deallocate managers that we're now done with
206 llvm::LLVMDisposePassManager(fpm);
207 llvm::LLVMDisposePassManager(mpm);
209 // Emit the bytecode if we're either saving our temporaries or
210 // emitting an rlib. Whenever an rlib is created, the bytecode is
211 // inserted into the archive in order to allow LTO against it.
212 let crate_types = sess.crate_types.borrow();
213 if sess.opts.cg.save_temps ||
214 (crate_types.get().contains(&session::CrateTypeRlib) &&
215 sess.opts.output_types.contains(&OutputTypeExe)) {
216 output.temp_path(OutputTypeBitcode).with_c_str(|buf| {
217 llvm::LLVMWriteBitcodeToFile(llmod, buf);
222 time(sess.time_passes(), "all lto passes", (), |()|
223 lto::run(sess, llmod, tm, trans.reachable.as_slice()));
225 if sess.opts.cg.save_temps {
226 output.with_extension("lto.bc").with_c_str(|buf| {
227 llvm::LLVMWriteBitcodeToFile(llmod, buf);
232 // A codegen-specific pass manager is used to generate object
233 // files for an LLVM module.
235 // Apparently each of these pass managers is a one-shot kind of
236 // thing, so we create a new one for each type of output. The
237 // pass manager passed to the closure should be ensured to not
238 // escape the closure itself, and the manager should only be
240 fn with_codegen(tm: TargetMachineRef, llmod: ModuleRef,
241 f: |PassManagerRef|) {
243 let cpm = llvm::LLVMCreatePassManager();
244 llvm::LLVMRustAddAnalysisPasses(tm, cpm, llmod);
245 llvm::LLVMRustAddLibraryInfo(cpm, llmod);
247 llvm::LLVMDisposePassManager(cpm);
251 let mut object_file = None;
252 let mut needs_metadata = false;
253 for output_type in output_types.iter() {
254 let path = output.path(*output_type);
256 OutputTypeBitcode => {
257 path.with_c_str(|buf| {
258 llvm::LLVMWriteBitcodeToFile(llmod, buf);
261 OutputTypeLlvmAssembly => {
262 path.with_c_str(|output| {
263 with_codegen(tm, llmod, |cpm| {
264 llvm::LLVMRustPrintModule(cpm, llmod, output);
268 OutputTypeAssembly => {
269 // If we're not using the LLVM assembler, this function
270 // could be invoked specially with output_type_assembly,
271 // so in this case we still want the metadata object
273 let ty = OutputTypeAssembly;
274 let path = if sess.opts.output_types.contains(&ty) {
277 needs_metadata = true;
278 output.temp_path(OutputTypeAssembly)
280 with_codegen(tm, llmod, |cpm| {
281 WriteOutputFile(sess, tm, cpm, llmod, &path,
282 lib::llvm::AssemblyFile);
285 OutputTypeObject => {
286 object_file = Some(path);
289 object_file = Some(output.temp_path(OutputTypeObject));
290 needs_metadata = true;
295 time(sess.time_passes(), "codegen passes", (), |()| {
298 with_codegen(tm, llmod, |cpm| {
299 WriteOutputFile(sess, tm, cpm, llmod, path,
300 lib::llvm::ObjectFile);
306 with_codegen(tm, trans.metadata_module, |cpm| {
307 let out = output.temp_path(OutputTypeObject)
308 .with_extension("metadata.o");
309 WriteOutputFile(sess, tm, cpm,
310 trans.metadata_module, &out,
311 lib::llvm::ObjectFile);
316 llvm::LLVMRustDisposeTargetMachine(tm);
317 llvm::LLVMDisposeModule(trans.metadata_module);
318 llvm::LLVMDisposeModule(llmod);
319 llvm::LLVMContextDispose(llcx);
320 if sess.time_llvm_passes() { llvm::LLVMRustPrintPassTimings(); }
324 pub fn run_assembler(sess: &Session, outputs: &OutputFilenames) {
325 let cc = super::get_cc_prog(sess);
326 let assembly = outputs.temp_path(OutputTypeAssembly);
327 let object = outputs.path(OutputTypeObject);
329 // FIXME (#9639): This needs to handle non-utf8 paths
332 ~"-o", object.as_str().unwrap().to_owned(),
333 assembly.as_str().unwrap().to_owned()];
335 debug!("{} '{}'", cc, args.connect("' '"));
336 match Process::output(cc, args) {
338 if !prog.status.success() {
339 sess.err(format!("linking with `{}` failed: {}", cc, prog.status));
340 sess.note(format!("{} arguments: '{}'", cc, args.connect("' '")));
341 sess.note(str::from_utf8_owned(prog.error + prog.output).unwrap());
342 sess.abort_if_errors();
346 sess.err(format!("could not exec the linker `{}`: {}", cc, e));
347 sess.abort_if_errors();
352 unsafe fn configure_llvm(sess: &Session) {
353 use sync::one::{Once, ONCE_INIT};
354 static mut INIT: Once = ONCE_INIT;
356 // Copy what clang does by turning on loop vectorization at O2 and
357 // slp vectorization at O3
358 let vectorize_loop = !sess.opts.cg.no_vectorize_loops &&
359 (sess.opts.optimize == session::Default ||
360 sess.opts.optimize == session::Aggressive);
361 let vectorize_slp = !sess.opts.cg.no_vectorize_slp &&
362 sess.opts.optimize == session::Aggressive;
364 let mut llvm_c_strs = Vec::new();
365 let mut llvm_args = Vec::new();
367 let add = |arg: &str| {
368 let s = arg.to_c_str();
369 llvm_args.push(s.with_ref(|p| p));
372 add("rustc"); // fake program name
373 if vectorize_loop { add("-vectorize-loops"); }
374 if vectorize_slp { add("-vectorize-slp"); }
375 if sess.time_llvm_passes() { add("-time-passes"); }
376 if sess.print_llvm_passes() { add("-debug-pass=Structure"); }
378 for arg in sess.opts.cg.llvm_args.iter() {
384 llvm::LLVMInitializePasses();
386 // Only initialize the platforms supported by Rust here, because
387 // using --llvm-root will have multiple platforms that rustllvm
388 // doesn't actually link to and it's pointless to put target info
389 // into the registry that Rust cannot generate machine code for.
390 llvm::LLVMInitializeX86TargetInfo();
391 llvm::LLVMInitializeX86Target();
392 llvm::LLVMInitializeX86TargetMC();
393 llvm::LLVMInitializeX86AsmPrinter();
394 llvm::LLVMInitializeX86AsmParser();
396 llvm::LLVMInitializeARMTargetInfo();
397 llvm::LLVMInitializeARMTarget();
398 llvm::LLVMInitializeARMTargetMC();
399 llvm::LLVMInitializeARMAsmPrinter();
400 llvm::LLVMInitializeARMAsmParser();
402 llvm::LLVMInitializeMipsTargetInfo();
403 llvm::LLVMInitializeMipsTarget();
404 llvm::LLVMInitializeMipsTargetMC();
405 llvm::LLVMInitializeMipsAsmPrinter();
406 llvm::LLVMInitializeMipsAsmParser();
408 llvm::LLVMRustSetLLVMOptions(llvm_args.len() as c_int,
413 unsafe fn populate_llvm_passes(fpm: lib::llvm::PassManagerRef,
414 mpm: lib::llvm::PassManagerRef,
416 opt: lib::llvm::CodeGenOptLevel) {
417 // Create the PassManagerBuilder for LLVM. We configure it with
418 // reasonable defaults and prepare it to actually populate the pass
420 let builder = llvm::LLVMPassManagerBuilderCreate();
422 lib::llvm::CodeGenLevelNone => {
423 // Don't add lifetime intrinsics at O0
424 llvm::LLVMRustAddAlwaysInlinePass(builder, false);
426 lib::llvm::CodeGenLevelLess => {
427 llvm::LLVMRustAddAlwaysInlinePass(builder, true);
429 // numeric values copied from clang
430 lib::llvm::CodeGenLevelDefault => {
431 llvm::LLVMPassManagerBuilderUseInlinerWithThreshold(builder,
434 lib::llvm::CodeGenLevelAggressive => {
435 llvm::LLVMPassManagerBuilderUseInlinerWithThreshold(builder,
439 llvm::LLVMPassManagerBuilderSetOptLevel(builder, opt as c_uint);
440 llvm::LLVMRustAddBuilderLibraryInfo(builder, llmod);
442 // Use the builder to populate the function/module pass managers.
443 llvm::LLVMPassManagerBuilderPopulateFunctionPassManager(builder, fpm);
444 llvm::LLVMPassManagerBuilderPopulateModulePassManager(builder, mpm);
445 llvm::LLVMPassManagerBuilderDispose(builder);
451 * Name mangling and its relationship to metadata. This is complex. Read
454 * The semantic model of Rust linkage is, broadly, that "there's no global
455 * namespace" between crates. Our aim is to preserve the illusion of this
456 * model despite the fact that it's not *quite* possible to implement on
457 * modern linkers. We initially didn't use system linkers at all, but have
458 * been convinced of their utility.
460 * There are a few issues to handle:
462 * - Linkers operate on a flat namespace, so we have to flatten names.
463 * We do this using the C++ namespace-mangling technique. Foo::bar
466 * - Symbols with the same name but different types need to get different
467 * linkage-names. We do this by hashing a string-encoding of the type into
468 * a fixed-size (currently 16-byte hex) cryptographic hash function (CHF:
469 * we use SHA256) to "prevent collisions". This is not airtight but 16 hex
470 * digits on uniform probability means you're going to need 2**32 same-name
471 * symbols in the same process before you're even hitting birthday-paradox
472 * collision probability.
474 * - Symbols in different crates but with same names "within" the crate need
475 * to get different linkage-names.
477 * - The hash shown in the filename needs to be predictable and stable for
478 * build tooling integration. It also needs to be using a hash function
479 * which is easy to use from Python, make, etc.
481 * So here is what we do:
483 * - Consider the package id; every crate has one (specified with crate_id
484 * attribute). If a package id isn't provided explicitly, we infer a
485 * versionless one from the output name. The version will end up being 0.0
486 * in this case. CNAME and CVERS are taken from this package id. For
487 * example, github.com/mozilla/CNAME#CVERS.
489 * - Define CMH as SHA256(crateid).
491 * - Define CMH8 as the first 8 characters of CMH.
493 * - Compile our crate to lib CNAME-CMH8-CVERS.so
495 * - Define STH(sym) as SHA256(CMH, type_str(sym))
497 * - Suffix a mangled sym with ::STH@CVERS, so that it is unique in the
498 * name, non-name metadata, and type sense, and versioned in the way
499 * system linkers understand.
502 pub fn find_crate_id(attrs: &[ast::Attribute], out_filestem: &str) -> CrateId {
503 match attr::find_crateid(attrs) {
504 None => from_str(out_filestem).unwrap(),
509 pub fn crate_id_hash(crate_id: &CrateId) -> ~str {
510 // This calculates CMH as defined above. Note that we don't use the path of
511 // the crate id in the hash because lookups are only done by (name/vers),
513 let mut s = Sha256::new();
514 s.input_str(crate_id.short_name_with_version());
515 truncated_hash_result(&mut s).slice_to(8).to_owned()
518 pub fn build_link_meta(krate: &ast::Crate, out_filestem: &str) -> LinkMeta {
520 crateid: find_crate_id(krate.attrs.as_slice(), out_filestem),
521 crate_hash: Svh::calculate(krate),
527 fn truncated_hash_result(symbol_hasher: &mut Sha256) -> ~str {
528 let output = symbol_hasher.result_bytes();
529 // 64 bits should be enough to avoid collisions.
530 output.slice_to(8).to_hex()
534 // This calculates STH for a symbol, as defined above
535 fn symbol_hash(tcx: &ty::ctxt, symbol_hasher: &mut Sha256,
536 t: ty::t, link_meta: &LinkMeta) -> ~str {
537 // NB: do *not* use abbrevs here as we want the symbol names
538 // to be independent of one another in the crate.
540 symbol_hasher.reset();
541 symbol_hasher.input_str(link_meta.crateid.name);
542 symbol_hasher.input_str("-");
543 symbol_hasher.input_str(link_meta.crate_hash.as_str());
544 symbol_hasher.input_str("-");
545 symbol_hasher.input_str(encoder::encoded_ty(tcx, t));
546 let mut hash = truncated_hash_result(symbol_hasher);
547 // Prefix with 'h' so that it never blends into adjacent digits
548 hash.unshift_char('h');
552 fn get_symbol_hash(ccx: &CrateContext, t: ty::t) -> ~str {
553 match ccx.type_hashcodes.borrow().get().find(&t) {
554 Some(h) => return h.to_str(),
558 let mut type_hashcodes = ccx.type_hashcodes.borrow_mut();
559 let mut symbol_hasher = ccx.symbol_hasher.borrow_mut();
560 let hash = symbol_hash(ccx.tcx(), symbol_hasher.get(), t, &ccx.link_meta);
561 type_hashcodes.get().insert(t, hash.clone());
566 // Name sanitation. LLVM will happily accept identifiers with weird names, but
568 // gas accepts the following characters in symbols: a-z, A-Z, 0-9, ., _, $
569 pub fn sanitize(s: &str) -> ~str {
570 let mut result = ~"";
573 // Escape these with $ sequences
574 '@' => result.push_str("$SP$"),
575 '~' => result.push_str("$UP$"),
576 '*' => result.push_str("$RP$"),
577 '&' => result.push_str("$BP$"),
578 '<' => result.push_str("$LT$"),
579 '>' => result.push_str("$GT$"),
580 '(' => result.push_str("$LP$"),
581 ')' => result.push_str("$RP$"),
582 ',' => result.push_str("$C$"),
584 // '.' doesn't occur in types and functions, so reuse it
586 '-' | ':' => result.push_char('.'),
588 // These are legal symbols
592 | '_' | '.' | '$' => result.push_char(c),
596 char::escape_unicode(c, |c| tstr.push_char(c));
597 result.push_char('$');
598 result.push_str(tstr.slice_from(1));
603 // Underscore-qualify anything that didn't start as an ident.
604 if result.len() > 0u &&
605 result[0] != '_' as u8 &&
606 ! char::is_XID_start(result[0] as char) {
607 return ~"_" + result;
613 pub fn mangle<PI: Iterator<PathElem>>(mut path: PI,
615 vers: Option<&str>) -> ~str {
616 // Follow C++ namespace-mangling style, see
617 // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_mangling for more info.
619 // It turns out that on OSX you can actually have arbitrary symbols in
620 // function names (at least when given to LLVM), but this is not possible
621 // when using unix's linker. Perhaps one day when we just use a linker from LLVM
622 // we won't need to do this name mangling. The problem with name mangling is
623 // that it seriously limits the available characters. For example we can't
624 // have things like &T or ~[T] in symbol names when one would theoretically
625 // want them for things like impls of traits on that type.
627 // To be able to work on all platforms and get *some* reasonable output, we
628 // use C++ name-mangling.
630 let mut n = ~"_ZN"; // _Z == Begin name-sequence, N == nested
632 fn push(n: &mut ~str, s: &str) {
633 let sani = sanitize(s);
634 n.push_str(format!("{}{}", sani.len(), sani));
637 // First, connect each component with <len, name> pairs.
639 push(&mut n, token::get_name(e.name()).get().as_slice())
643 Some(s) => push(&mut n, s),
647 Some(s) => push(&mut n, s),
651 n.push_char('E'); // End name-sequence.
655 pub fn exported_name(path: PathElems, hash: &str, vers: &str) -> ~str {
656 // The version will get mangled to have a leading '_', but it makes more
657 // sense to lead with a 'v' b/c this is a version...
658 let vers = if vers.len() > 0 && !char::is_XID_start(vers.char_at(0)) {
664 mangle(path, Some(hash), Some(vers.as_slice()))
667 pub fn mangle_exported_name(ccx: &CrateContext, path: PathElems,
668 t: ty::t, id: ast::NodeId) -> ~str {
669 let mut hash = get_symbol_hash(ccx, t);
671 // Paths can be completely identical for different nodes,
672 // e.g. `fn foo() { { fn a() {} } { fn a() {} } }`, so we
673 // generate unique characters from the node id. For now
674 // hopefully 3 characters is enough to avoid collisions.
675 static EXTRA_CHARS: &'static str =
676 "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\
677 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\
680 let extra1 = id % EXTRA_CHARS.len();
681 let id = id / EXTRA_CHARS.len();
682 let extra2 = id % EXTRA_CHARS.len();
683 let id = id / EXTRA_CHARS.len();
684 let extra3 = id % EXTRA_CHARS.len();
685 hash.push_char(EXTRA_CHARS[extra1] as char);
686 hash.push_char(EXTRA_CHARS[extra2] as char);
687 hash.push_char(EXTRA_CHARS[extra3] as char);
689 exported_name(path, hash, ccx.link_meta.crateid.version_or_default())
692 pub fn mangle_internal_name_by_type_only(ccx: &CrateContext,
694 name: &str) -> ~str {
695 let s = ppaux::ty_to_short_str(ccx.tcx(), t);
696 let path = [PathName(token::intern(name)),
697 PathName(token::intern(s))];
698 let hash = get_symbol_hash(ccx, t);
699 mangle(ast_map::Values(path.iter()), Some(hash.as_slice()), None)
702 pub fn mangle_internal_name_by_type_and_seq(ccx: &CrateContext,
704 name: &str) -> ~str {
705 let s = ppaux::ty_to_str(ccx.tcx(), t);
706 let path = [PathName(token::intern(s)),
708 let hash = get_symbol_hash(ccx, t);
709 mangle(ast_map::Values(path.iter()), Some(hash.as_slice()), None)
712 pub fn mangle_internal_name_by_path_and_seq(path: PathElems, flav: &str) -> ~str {
713 mangle(path.chain(Some(gensym_name(flav)).move_iter()), None, None)
716 pub fn output_lib_filename(id: &CrateId) -> ~str {
717 format!("{}-{}-{}", id.name, crate_id_hash(id), id.version_or_default())
720 pub fn get_cc_prog(sess: &Session) -> ~str {
721 match sess.opts.cg.linker {
722 Some(ref linker) => return linker.to_owned(),
726 // In the future, FreeBSD will use clang as default compiler.
727 // It would be flexible to use cc (system's default C compiler)
728 // instead of hard-coded gcc.
729 // For win32, there is no cc command, so we add a condition to make it use gcc.
730 match sess.targ_cfg.os {
731 abi::OsWin32 => return ~"gcc",
735 get_system_tool(sess, "cc")
738 pub fn get_ar_prog(sess: &Session) -> ~str {
739 match sess.opts.cg.ar {
740 Some(ref ar) => return ar.to_owned(),
744 get_system_tool(sess, "ar")
747 fn get_system_tool(sess: &Session, tool: &str) -> ~str {
748 match sess.targ_cfg.os {
749 abi::OsAndroid => match sess.opts.cg.android_cross_path {
751 let tool_str = match tool {
755 format!("{}/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-{}", *path, tool_str)
758 sess.fatal(format!("need Android NDK path for the '{}' tool \
759 (-C android-cross-path)", tool))
762 _ => tool.to_owned(),
766 fn remove(sess: &Session, path: &Path) {
767 match fs::unlink(path) {
770 sess.err(format!("failed to remove {}: {}", path.display(), e));
775 /// Perform the linkage portion of the compilation phase. This will generate all
776 /// of the requested outputs for this compilation session.
777 pub fn link_binary(sess: &Session,
778 trans: &CrateTranslation,
779 outputs: &OutputFilenames,
780 id: &CrateId) -> Vec<Path> {
781 let mut out_filenames = Vec::new();
782 let crate_types = sess.crate_types.borrow();
783 for &crate_type in crate_types.get().iter() {
784 let out_file = link_binary_output(sess, trans, crate_type, outputs, id);
785 out_filenames.push(out_file);
788 // Remove the temporary object file and metadata if we aren't saving temps
789 if !sess.opts.cg.save_temps {
790 let obj_filename = outputs.temp_path(OutputTypeObject);
791 if !sess.opts.output_types.contains(&OutputTypeObject) {
792 remove(sess, &obj_filename);
794 remove(sess, &obj_filename.with_extension("metadata.o"));
800 fn is_writeable(p: &Path) -> bool {
803 Ok(m) => m.perm & io::UserWrite == io::UserWrite
807 pub fn filename_for_input(sess: &Session, crate_type: session::CrateType,
808 id: &CrateId, out_filename: &Path) -> Path {
809 let libname = output_lib_filename(id);
811 session::CrateTypeRlib => {
812 out_filename.with_filename(format!("lib{}.rlib", libname))
814 session::CrateTypeDylib => {
815 let (prefix, suffix) = match sess.targ_cfg.os {
816 abi::OsWin32 => (win32::DLL_PREFIX, win32::DLL_SUFFIX),
817 abi::OsMacos => (macos::DLL_PREFIX, macos::DLL_SUFFIX),
818 abi::OsLinux => (linux::DLL_PREFIX, linux::DLL_SUFFIX),
819 abi::OsAndroid => (android::DLL_PREFIX, android::DLL_SUFFIX),
820 abi::OsFreebsd => (freebsd::DLL_PREFIX, freebsd::DLL_SUFFIX),
822 out_filename.with_filename(format!("{}{}{}", prefix, libname, suffix))
824 session::CrateTypeStaticlib => {
825 out_filename.with_filename(format!("lib{}.a", libname))
827 session::CrateTypeExecutable => out_filename.clone(),
831 fn link_binary_output(sess: &Session,
832 trans: &CrateTranslation,
833 crate_type: session::CrateType,
834 outputs: &OutputFilenames,
835 id: &CrateId) -> Path {
836 let obj_filename = outputs.temp_path(OutputTypeObject);
837 let out_filename = match outputs.single_output_file {
838 Some(ref file) => file.clone(),
840 let out_filename = outputs.path(OutputTypeExe);
841 filename_for_input(sess, crate_type, id, &out_filename)
845 // Make sure the output and obj_filename are both writeable.
846 // Mac, FreeBSD, and Windows system linkers check this already --
847 // however, the Linux linker will happily overwrite a read-only file.
848 // We should be consistent.
849 let obj_is_writeable = is_writeable(&obj_filename);
850 let out_is_writeable = is_writeable(&out_filename);
851 if !out_is_writeable {
852 sess.fatal(format!("output file {} is not writeable -- check its permissions.",
853 out_filename.display()));
855 else if !obj_is_writeable {
856 sess.fatal(format!("object file {} is not writeable -- check its permissions.",
857 obj_filename.display()));
861 session::CrateTypeRlib => {
862 link_rlib(sess, Some(trans), &obj_filename, &out_filename);
864 session::CrateTypeStaticlib => {
865 link_staticlib(sess, &obj_filename, &out_filename);
867 session::CrateTypeExecutable => {
868 link_natively(sess, false, &obj_filename, &out_filename);
870 session::CrateTypeDylib => {
871 link_natively(sess, true, &obj_filename, &out_filename);
880 // An rlib in its current incarnation is essentially a renamed .a file. The
881 // rlib primarily contains the object file of the crate, but it also contains
882 // all of the object files from native libraries. This is done by unzipping
883 // native libraries and inserting all of the contents into this archive.
884 fn link_rlib<'a>(sess: &'a Session,
885 trans: Option<&CrateTranslation>, // None == no metadata/bytecode
887 out_filename: &Path) -> Archive<'a> {
888 let mut a = Archive::create(sess, out_filename, obj_filename);
890 let used_libraries = sess.cstore.get_used_libraries();
891 let used_libraries = used_libraries.borrow();
892 for &(ref l, kind) in used_libraries.get().iter() {
894 cstore::NativeStatic => {
895 a.add_native_library(l.as_slice()).unwrap();
897 cstore::NativeFramework | cstore::NativeUnknown => {}
901 // Note that it is important that we add all of our non-object "magical
902 // files" *after* all of the object files in the archive. The reason for
903 // this is as follows:
905 // * When performing LTO, this archive will be modified to remove
906 // obj_filename from above. The reason for this is described below.
908 // * When the system linker looks at an archive, it will attempt to
909 // determine the architecture of the archive in order to see whether its
912 // The algorithm for this detection is: iterate over the files in the
913 // archive. Skip magical SYMDEF names. Interpret the first file as an
914 // object file. Read architecture from the object file.
916 // * As one can probably see, if "metadata" and "foo.bc" were placed
917 // before all of the objects, then the architecture of this archive would
918 // not be correctly inferred once 'foo.o' is removed.
920 // Basically, all this means is that this code should not move above the
924 // Instead of putting the metadata in an object file section, rlibs
925 // contain the metadata in a separate file. We use a temp directory
926 // here so concurrent builds in the same directory don't try to use
927 // the same filename for metadata (stomping over one another)
928 let tmpdir = TempDir::new("rustc").expect("needs a temp dir");
929 let metadata = tmpdir.path().join(METADATA_FILENAME);
930 match fs::File::create(&metadata).write(trans.metadata
934 sess.err(format!("failed to write {}: {}",
935 metadata.display(), e));
936 sess.abort_if_errors();
939 a.add_file(&metadata, false);
940 remove(sess, &metadata);
942 // For LTO purposes, the bytecode of this library is also inserted
944 let bc = obj_filename.with_extension("bc");
945 match fs::File::open(&bc).read_to_end().and_then(|data| {
946 fs::File::create(&bc).write(flate::deflate_bytes(data).as_slice())
950 sess.err(format!("failed to compress bytecode: {}", e));
951 sess.abort_if_errors()
954 a.add_file(&bc, false);
955 if !sess.opts.cg.save_temps &&
956 !sess.opts.output_types.contains(&OutputTypeBitcode) {
960 // After adding all files to the archive, we need to update the
961 // symbol table of the archive. This currently dies on OSX (see
962 // #11162), and isn't necessary there anyway
963 match sess.targ_cfg.os {
965 _ => { a.update_symbols(); }
974 // Create a static archive
976 // This is essentially the same thing as an rlib, but it also involves adding
977 // all of the upstream crates' objects into the archive. This will slurp in
978 // all of the native libraries of upstream dependencies as well.
980 // Additionally, there's no way for us to link dynamic libraries, so we warn
981 // about all dynamic library dependencies that they're not linked in.
983 // There's no need to include metadata in a static archive, so ensure to not
984 // link in the metadata object file (and also don't prepare the archive with a
986 fn link_staticlib(sess: &Session, obj_filename: &Path, out_filename: &Path) {
987 let mut a = link_rlib(sess, None, obj_filename, out_filename);
988 a.add_native_library("morestack").unwrap();
989 a.add_native_library("compiler-rt").unwrap();
991 let crates = sess.cstore.get_used_crates(cstore::RequireStatic);
992 for &(cnum, ref path) in crates.iter() {
993 let name = sess.cstore.get_crate_data(cnum).name.clone();
994 let p = match *path {
995 Some(ref p) => p.clone(), None => {
996 sess.err(format!("could not find rlib for: `{}`", name));
1000 a.add_rlib(&p, name, sess.lto()).unwrap();
1001 let native_libs = csearch::get_native_libraries(&sess.cstore, cnum);
1002 for &(kind, ref lib) in native_libs.iter() {
1003 let name = match kind {
1004 cstore::NativeStatic => "static library",
1005 cstore::NativeUnknown => "library",
1006 cstore::NativeFramework => "framework",
1008 sess.warn(format!("unlinked native {}: {}", name, *lib));
1013 // Create a dynamic library or executable
1015 // This will invoke the system linker/cc to create the resulting file. This
1016 // links to all upstream files as well.
1017 fn link_natively(sess: &Session, dylib: bool, obj_filename: &Path,
1018 out_filename: &Path) {
1019 let tmpdir = TempDir::new("rustc").expect("needs a temp dir");
1020 // The invocations of cc share some flags across platforms
1021 let cc_prog = get_cc_prog(sess);
1022 let mut cc_args = sess.targ_cfg.target_strs.cc_args.clone();
1023 cc_args.push_all_move(link_args(sess, dylib, tmpdir.path(),
1024 obj_filename, out_filename));
1025 if (sess.opts.debugging_opts & session::PRINT_LINK_ARGS) != 0 {
1026 println!("{} link args: '{}'", cc_prog, cc_args.connect("' '"));
1029 // May have not found libraries in the right formats.
1030 sess.abort_if_errors();
1032 // Invoke the system linker
1033 debug!("{} {}", cc_prog, cc_args.connect(" "));
1034 let prog = time(sess.time_passes(), "running linker", (), |()|
1035 Process::output(cc_prog, cc_args.as_slice()));
1038 if !prog.status.success() {
1039 sess.err(format!("linking with `{}` failed: {}", cc_prog, prog.status));
1040 sess.note(format!("{} arguments: '{}'", cc_prog, cc_args.connect("' '")));
1041 sess.note(str::from_utf8_owned(prog.error + prog.output).unwrap());
1042 sess.abort_if_errors();
1046 sess.err(format!("could not exec the linker `{}`: {}", cc_prog, e));
1047 sess.abort_if_errors();
1052 // On OSX, debuggers need this utility to get run to do some munging of
1054 if sess.targ_cfg.os == abi::OsMacos && (sess.opts.debuginfo != NoDebugInfo) {
1055 // FIXME (#9639): This needs to handle non-utf8 paths
1056 match Process::status("dsymutil",
1057 [out_filename.as_str().unwrap().to_owned()]) {
1060 sess.err(format!("failed to run dsymutil: {}", e));
1061 sess.abort_if_errors();
1067 fn link_args(sess: &Session,
1070 obj_filename: &Path,
1071 out_filename: &Path) -> Vec<~str> {
1073 // The default library location, we need this to find the runtime.
1074 // The location of crates will be determined as needed.
1075 // FIXME (#9639): This needs to handle non-utf8 paths
1076 let lib_path = sess.filesearch().get_target_lib_path();
1077 let stage: ~str = ~"-L" + lib_path.as_str().unwrap();
1079 let mut args = vec!(stage);
1081 // FIXME (#9639): This needs to handle non-utf8 paths
1083 ~"-o", out_filename.as_str().unwrap().to_owned(),
1084 obj_filename.as_str().unwrap().to_owned()]);
1086 // Stack growth requires statically linking a __morestack function. Note
1087 // that this is listed *before* all other libraries, even though it may be
1088 // used to resolve symbols in other libraries. The only case that this
1089 // wouldn't be pulled in by the object file is if the object file had no
1092 // If we're building an executable, there must be at least one function (the
1093 // main function), and if we're building a dylib then we don't need it for
1094 // later libraries because they're all dylibs (not rlibs).
1096 // I'm honestly not entirely sure why this needs to come first. Apparently
1097 // the --as-needed flag above sometimes strips out libstd from the command
1098 // line, but inserting this farther to the left makes the
1099 // "rust_stack_exhausted" symbol an outstanding undefined symbol, which
1100 // flags libstd as a required library (or whatever provides the symbol).
1101 args.push(~"-lmorestack");
1103 // When linking a dynamic library, we put the metadata into a section of the
1104 // executable. This metadata is in a separate object file from the main
1105 // object file, so we link that in here.
1107 let metadata = obj_filename.with_extension("metadata.o");
1108 args.push(metadata.as_str().unwrap().to_owned());
1111 // We want to prevent the compiler from accidentally leaking in any system
1112 // libraries, so we explicitly ask gcc to not link to any libraries by
1113 // default. Note that this does not happen for windows because windows pulls
1114 // in some large number of libraries and I couldn't quite figure out which
1115 // subset we wanted.
1117 // FIXME(#11937) we should invoke the system linker directly
1118 if sess.targ_cfg.os != abi::OsWin32 {
1119 args.push(~"-nodefaultlibs");
1122 if sess.targ_cfg.os == abi::OsLinux {
1123 // GNU-style linkers will use this to omit linking to libraries which
1124 // don't actually fulfill any relocations, but only for libraries which
1125 // follow this flag. Thus, use it before specifying libraries to link to.
1126 args.push(~"-Wl,--as-needed");
1128 // GNU-style linkers support optimization with -O. --gc-sections
1129 // removes metadata and potentially other useful things, so don't
1130 // include it. GNU ld doesn't need a numeric argument, but other linkers
1132 if sess.opts.optimize == session::Default ||
1133 sess.opts.optimize == session::Aggressive {
1134 args.push(~"-Wl,-O1");
1138 if sess.targ_cfg.os == abi::OsWin32 {
1139 // Make sure that we link to the dynamic libgcc, otherwise cross-module
1140 // DWARF stack unwinding will not work.
1141 // This behavior may be overridden by --link-args "-static-libgcc"
1142 args.push(~"-shared-libgcc");
1145 if sess.targ_cfg.os == abi::OsAndroid {
1146 // Many of the symbols defined in compiler-rt are also defined in libgcc.
1147 // Android linker doesn't like that by default.
1148 args.push(~"-Wl,--allow-multiple-definition");
1151 // Take careful note of the ordering of the arguments we pass to the linker
1152 // here. Linkers will assume that things on the left depend on things to the
1153 // right. Things on the right cannot depend on things on the left. This is
1154 // all formally implemented in terms of resolving symbols (libs on the right
1155 // resolve unknown symbols of libs on the left, but not vice versa).
1157 // For this reason, we have organized the arguments we pass to the linker as
1160 // 1. The local object that LLVM just generated
1161 // 2. Upstream rust libraries
1162 // 3. Local native libraries
1163 // 4. Upstream native libraries
1165 // This is generally fairly natural, but some may expect 2 and 3 to be
1166 // swapped. The reason that all native libraries are put last is that it's
1167 // not recommended for a native library to depend on a symbol from a rust
1168 // crate. If this is the case then a staticlib crate is recommended, solving
1171 // Additionally, it is occasionally the case that upstream rust libraries
1172 // depend on a local native library. In the case of libraries such as
1173 // lua/glfw/etc the name of the library isn't the same across all platforms,
1174 // so only the consumer crate of a library knows the actual name. This means
1175 // that downstream crates will provide the #[link] attribute which upstream
1176 // crates will depend on. Hence local native libraries are after out
1177 // upstream rust crates.
1179 // In theory this means that a symbol in an upstream native library will be
1180 // shadowed by a local native library when it wouldn't have been before, but
1181 // this kind of behavior is pretty platform specific and generally not
1182 // recommended anyway, so I don't think we're shooting ourself in the foot
1184 add_upstream_rust_crates(&mut args, sess, dylib, tmpdir);
1185 add_local_native_libraries(&mut args, sess);
1186 add_upstream_native_libraries(&mut args, sess);
1188 // # Telling the linker what we're doing
1191 // On mac we need to tell the linker to let this library be rpathed
1192 if sess.targ_cfg.os == abi::OsMacos {
1193 args.push(~"-dynamiclib");
1194 args.push(~"-Wl,-dylib");
1195 // FIXME (#9639): This needs to handle non-utf8 paths
1196 if !sess.opts.cg.no_rpath {
1197 args.push(~"-Wl,-install_name,@rpath/" +
1198 out_filename.filename_str().unwrap());
1201 args.push(~"-shared")
1205 if sess.targ_cfg.os == abi::OsFreebsd {
1206 args.push_all([~"-L/usr/local/lib",
1207 ~"-L/usr/local/lib/gcc46",
1208 ~"-L/usr/local/lib/gcc44"]);
1211 // FIXME (#2397): At some point we want to rpath our guesses as to
1212 // where extern libraries might live, based on the
1213 // addl_lib_search_paths
1214 if !sess.opts.cg.no_rpath {
1215 args.push_all(rpath::get_rpath_flags(sess, out_filename).as_slice());
1218 // compiler-rt contains implementations of low-level LLVM helpers. This is
1219 // used to resolve symbols from the object file we just created, as well as
1220 // any system static libraries that may be expecting gcc instead. Most
1221 // symbols in libgcc also appear in compiler-rt.
1223 // This is the end of the command line, so this library is used to resolve
1224 // *all* undefined symbols in all other libraries, and this is intentional.
1225 args.push(~"-lcompiler-rt");
1227 // Finally add all the linker arguments provided on the command line along
1228 // with any #[link_args] attributes found inside the crate
1229 args.push_all(sess.opts.cg.link_args.as_slice());
1230 let used_link_args = sess.cstore.get_used_link_args();
1231 let used_link_args = used_link_args.borrow();
1232 for arg in used_link_args.get().iter() {
1233 args.push(arg.clone());
1238 // # Native library linking
1240 // User-supplied library search paths (-L on the command line). These are
1241 // the same paths used to find Rust crates, so some of them may have been
1242 // added already by the previous crate linking code. This only allows them
1243 // to be found at compile time so it is still entirely up to outside
1244 // forces to make sure that library can be found at runtime.
1246 // Also note that the native libraries linked here are only the ones located
1247 // in the current crate. Upstream crates with native library dependencies
1248 // may have their native library pulled in above.
1249 fn add_local_native_libraries(args: &mut Vec<~str>, sess: &Session) {
1250 let addl_lib_search_paths = sess.opts.addl_lib_search_paths.borrow();
1251 for path in addl_lib_search_paths.get().iter() {
1252 // FIXME (#9639): This needs to handle non-utf8 paths
1253 args.push("-L" + path.as_str().unwrap().to_owned());
1256 let rustpath = filesearch::rust_path();
1257 for path in rustpath.iter() {
1258 // FIXME (#9639): This needs to handle non-utf8 paths
1259 args.push("-L" + path.as_str().unwrap().to_owned());
1262 let used_libraries = sess.cstore.get_used_libraries();
1263 let used_libraries = used_libraries.borrow();
1264 for &(ref l, kind) in used_libraries.get().iter() {
1266 cstore::NativeUnknown | cstore::NativeStatic => {
1267 args.push("-l" + *l);
1269 cstore::NativeFramework => {
1270 args.push(~"-framework");
1271 args.push(l.to_owned());
1277 // # Rust Crate linking
1279 // Rust crates are not considered at all when creating an rlib output. All
1280 // dependencies will be linked when producing the final output (instead of
1281 // the intermediate rlib version)
1282 fn add_upstream_rust_crates(args: &mut Vec<~str>, sess: &Session,
1283 dylib: bool, tmpdir: &Path) {
1285 // As a limitation of the current implementation, we require that everything
1286 // must be static or everything must be dynamic. The reasons for this are a
1287 // little subtle, but as with staticlibs and rlibs, the goal is to prevent
1288 // duplicate copies of the same library showing up. For example, a static
1289 // immediate dependency might show up as an upstream dynamic dependency and
1290 // we currently have no way of knowing that. We know that all dynamic
1291 // libraries require dynamic dependencies (see above), so it's satisfactory
1292 // to include either all static libraries or all dynamic libraries.
1294 // With this limitation, we expose a compiler default linkage type and an
1295 // option to reverse that preference. The current behavior looks like:
1297 // * If a dylib is being created, upstream dependencies must be dylibs
1298 // * If nothing else is specified, static linking is preferred
1299 // * If the -C prefer-dynamic flag is given, dynamic linking is preferred
1300 // * If one form of linking fails, the second is also attempted
1301 // * If both forms fail, then we emit an error message
1303 let dynamic = get_deps(&sess.cstore, cstore::RequireDynamic);
1304 let statik = get_deps(&sess.cstore, cstore::RequireStatic);
1305 match (dynamic, statik, sess.opts.cg.prefer_dynamic, dylib) {
1306 (_, Some(deps), false, false) => {
1307 add_static_crates(args, sess, tmpdir, deps)
1310 (None, Some(deps), true, false) => {
1311 // If you opted in to dynamic linking and we decided to emit a
1312 // static output, you should probably be notified of such an event!
1313 sess.warn("dynamic linking was preferred, but dependencies \
1314 could not all be found in an dylib format.");
1315 sess.warn("linking statically instead, using rlibs");
1316 add_static_crates(args, sess, tmpdir, deps)
1319 (Some(deps), _, _, _) => add_dynamic_crates(args, sess, deps),
1321 (None, _, _, true) => {
1322 sess.err("dylib output requested, but some depenencies could not \
1323 be found in the dylib format");
1324 let deps = sess.cstore.get_used_crates(cstore::RequireDynamic);
1325 for (cnum, path) in deps.move_iter() {
1326 if path.is_some() { continue }
1327 let name = sess.cstore.get_crate_data(cnum).name.clone();
1328 sess.note(format!("dylib not found: {}", name));
1332 (None, None, pref, false) => {
1333 let (pref, name) = if pref {
1334 sess.err("dynamic linking is preferred, but dependencies were \
1335 not found in either dylib or rlib format");
1336 (cstore::RequireDynamic, "dylib")
1338 sess.err("dependencies were not all found in either dylib or \
1340 (cstore::RequireStatic, "rlib")
1342 sess.note(format!("dependencies not found in the `{}` format",
1344 for (cnum, path) in sess.cstore.get_used_crates(pref).move_iter() {
1345 if path.is_some() { continue }
1346 let name = sess.cstore.get_crate_data(cnum).name.clone();
1352 // Converts a library file-stem into a cc -l argument
1353 fn unlib(config: &session::Config, stem: &str) -> ~str {
1354 if stem.starts_with("lib") && config.os != abi::OsWin32 {
1355 stem.slice(3, stem.len()).to_owned()
1361 // Attempts to find all dependencies with a certain linkage preference,
1362 // returning `None` if not all libraries could be found with that
1364 fn get_deps(cstore: &cstore::CStore, preference: cstore::LinkagePreference)
1365 -> Option<Vec<(ast::CrateNum, Path)> >
1367 let crates = cstore.get_used_crates(preference);
1368 if crates.iter().all(|&(_, ref p)| p.is_some()) {
1369 Some(crates.move_iter().map(|(a, b)| (a, b.unwrap())).collect())
1375 // Adds the static "rlib" versions of all crates to the command line.
1376 fn add_static_crates(args: &mut Vec<~str>, sess: &Session, tmpdir: &Path,
1377 crates: Vec<(ast::CrateNum, Path)>) {
1378 for (cnum, cratepath) in crates.move_iter() {
1379 // When performing LTO on an executable output, all of the
1380 // bytecode from the upstream libraries has already been
1381 // included in our object file output. We need to modify all of
1382 // the upstream archives to remove their corresponding object
1383 // file to make sure we don't pull the same code in twice.
1385 // We must continue to link to the upstream archives to be sure
1386 // to pull in native static dependencies. As the final caveat,
1387 // on linux it is apparently illegal to link to a blank archive,
1388 // so if an archive no longer has any object files in it after
1389 // we remove `lib.o`, then don't link against it at all.
1391 // If we're not doing LTO, then our job is simply to just link
1392 // against the archive.
1394 let name = sess.cstore.get_crate_data(cnum).name.clone();
1395 time(sess.time_passes(), format!("altering {}.rlib", name),
1397 let dst = tmpdir.join(cratepath.filename().unwrap());
1398 match fs::copy(&cratepath, &dst) {
1401 sess.err(format!("failed to copy {} to {}: {}",
1402 cratepath.display(),
1405 sess.abort_if_errors();
1408 let dst_str = dst.as_str().unwrap().to_owned();
1409 let mut archive = Archive::open(sess, dst);
1410 archive.remove_file(format!("{}.o", name));
1411 let files = archive.files();
1412 if files.iter().any(|s| s.ends_with(".o")) {
1417 args.push(cratepath.as_str().unwrap().to_owned());
1422 // Same thing as above, but for dynamic crates instead of static crates.
1423 fn add_dynamic_crates(args: &mut Vec<~str>, sess: &Session,
1424 crates: Vec<(ast::CrateNum, Path)> ) {
1425 // If we're performing LTO, then it should have been previously required
1426 // that all upstream rust dependencies were available in an rlib format.
1427 assert!(!sess.lto());
1429 for (_, cratepath) in crates.move_iter() {
1430 // Just need to tell the linker about where the library lives and
1432 let dir = cratepath.dirname_str().unwrap();
1433 if !dir.is_empty() { args.push("-L" + dir); }
1434 let libarg = unlib(&sess.targ_cfg, cratepath.filestem_str().unwrap());
1435 args.push("-l" + libarg);
1440 // Link in all of our upstream crates' native dependencies. Remember that
1441 // all of these upstream native depenencies are all non-static
1442 // dependencies. We've got two cases then:
1444 // 1. The upstream crate is an rlib. In this case we *must* link in the
1445 // native dependency because the rlib is just an archive.
1447 // 2. The upstream crate is a dylib. In order to use the dylib, we have to
1448 // have the dependency present on the system somewhere. Thus, we don't
1449 // gain a whole lot from not linking in the dynamic dependency to this
1452 // The use case for this is a little subtle. In theory the native
1453 // dependencies of a crate a purely an implementation detail of the crate
1454 // itself, but the problem arises with generic and inlined functions. If a
1455 // generic function calls a native function, then the generic function must
1456 // be instantiated in the target crate, meaning that the native symbol must
1457 // also be resolved in the target crate.
1458 fn add_upstream_native_libraries(args: &mut Vec<~str>, sess: &Session) {
1459 let cstore = &sess.cstore;
1460 cstore.iter_crate_data(|cnum, _| {
1461 let libs = csearch::get_native_libraries(cstore, cnum);
1462 for &(kind, ref lib) in libs.iter() {
1464 cstore::NativeUnknown => args.push("-l" + *lib),
1465 cstore::NativeFramework => {
1466 args.push(~"-framework");
1467 args.push(lib.to_owned());
1469 cstore::NativeStatic => {
1470 sess.bug("statics shouldn't be propagated");