1 //! Memory allocation APIs
3 #![stable(feature = "alloc_module", since = "1.28.0")]
5 use core::intrinsics::{min_align_of_val, size_of_val};
6 use core::ptr::{NonNull, Unique};
9 #[stable(feature = "alloc_module", since = "1.28.0")]
11 pub use core::alloc::*;
14 // These are the magic symbols to call the global allocator. rustc generates
15 // them from the `#[global_allocator]` attribute if there is one, or uses the
16 // default implementations in libstd (`__rdl_alloc` etc in `src/libstd/alloc.rs`)
19 #[rustc_allocator_nounwind]
20 fn __rust_alloc(size: usize, align: usize) -> *mut u8;
21 #[rustc_allocator_nounwind]
22 fn __rust_dealloc(ptr: *mut u8, size: usize, align: usize);
23 #[rustc_allocator_nounwind]
24 fn __rust_realloc(ptr: *mut u8,
27 new_size: usize) -> *mut u8;
28 #[rustc_allocator_nounwind]
29 fn __rust_alloc_zeroed(size: usize, align: usize) -> *mut u8;
32 /// The global memory allocator.
34 /// This type implements the [`Alloc`] trait by forwarding calls
35 /// to the allocator registered with the `#[global_allocator]` attribute
36 /// if there is one, or the `std` crate’s default.
38 /// Note: while this type is unstable, the functionality it provides can be
39 /// accessed through the [free functions in `alloc`](index.html#functions).
41 /// [`Alloc`]: trait.Alloc.html
42 #[unstable(feature = "allocator_api", issue = "32838")]
43 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Default, Debug)]
46 /// Allocate memory with the global allocator.
48 /// This function forwards calls to the [`GlobalAlloc::alloc`] method
49 /// of the allocator registered with the `#[global_allocator]` attribute
50 /// if there is one, or the `std` crate’s default.
52 /// This function is expected to be deprecated in favor of the `alloc` method
53 /// of the [`Global`] type when it and the [`Alloc`] trait become stable.
57 /// See [`GlobalAlloc::alloc`].
59 /// [`Global`]: struct.Global.html
60 /// [`Alloc`]: trait.Alloc.html
61 /// [`GlobalAlloc::alloc`]: trait.GlobalAlloc.html#tymethod.alloc
66 /// use std::alloc::{alloc, dealloc, Layout};
69 /// let layout = Layout::new::<u16>();
70 /// let ptr = alloc(layout);
72 /// *(ptr as *mut u16) = 42;
73 /// assert_eq!(*(ptr as *mut u16), 42);
75 /// dealloc(ptr, layout);
78 #[stable(feature = "global_alloc", since = "1.28.0")]
80 pub unsafe fn alloc(layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
81 __rust_alloc(layout.size(), layout.align())
84 /// Deallocate memory with the global allocator.
86 /// This function forwards calls to the [`GlobalAlloc::dealloc`] method
87 /// of the allocator registered with the `#[global_allocator]` attribute
88 /// if there is one, or the `std` crate’s default.
90 /// This function is expected to be deprecated in favor of the `dealloc` method
91 /// of the [`Global`] type when it and the [`Alloc`] trait become stable.
95 /// See [`GlobalAlloc::dealloc`].
97 /// [`Global`]: struct.Global.html
98 /// [`Alloc`]: trait.Alloc.html
99 /// [`GlobalAlloc::dealloc`]: trait.GlobalAlloc.html#tymethod.dealloc
100 #[stable(feature = "global_alloc", since = "1.28.0")]
102 pub unsafe fn dealloc(ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
103 __rust_dealloc(ptr, layout.size(), layout.align())
106 /// Reallocate memory with the global allocator.
108 /// This function forwards calls to the [`GlobalAlloc::realloc`] method
109 /// of the allocator registered with the `#[global_allocator]` attribute
110 /// if there is one, or the `std` crate’s default.
112 /// This function is expected to be deprecated in favor of the `realloc` method
113 /// of the [`Global`] type when it and the [`Alloc`] trait become stable.
117 /// See [`GlobalAlloc::realloc`].
119 /// [`Global`]: struct.Global.html
120 /// [`Alloc`]: trait.Alloc.html
121 /// [`GlobalAlloc::realloc`]: trait.GlobalAlloc.html#method.realloc
122 #[stable(feature = "global_alloc", since = "1.28.0")]
124 pub unsafe fn realloc(ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout, new_size: usize) -> *mut u8 {
125 __rust_realloc(ptr, layout.size(), layout.align(), new_size)
128 /// Allocate zero-initialized memory with the global allocator.
130 /// This function forwards calls to the [`GlobalAlloc::alloc_zeroed`] method
131 /// of the allocator registered with the `#[global_allocator]` attribute
132 /// if there is one, or the `std` crate’s default.
134 /// This function is expected to be deprecated in favor of the `alloc_zeroed` method
135 /// of the [`Global`] type when it and the [`Alloc`] trait become stable.
139 /// See [`GlobalAlloc::alloc_zeroed`].
141 /// [`Global`]: struct.Global.html
142 /// [`Alloc`]: trait.Alloc.html
143 /// [`GlobalAlloc::alloc_zeroed`]: trait.GlobalAlloc.html#method.alloc_zeroed
148 /// use std::alloc::{alloc_zeroed, dealloc, Layout};
151 /// let layout = Layout::new::<u16>();
152 /// let ptr = alloc_zeroed(layout);
154 /// assert_eq!(*(ptr as *mut u16), 0);
156 /// dealloc(ptr, layout);
159 #[stable(feature = "global_alloc", since = "1.28.0")]
161 pub unsafe fn alloc_zeroed(layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
162 __rust_alloc_zeroed(layout.size(), layout.align())
165 #[unstable(feature = "allocator_api", issue = "32838")]
166 unsafe impl Alloc for Global {
168 unsafe fn alloc(&mut self, layout: Layout) -> Result<NonNull<u8>, AllocErr> {
169 NonNull::new(alloc(layout)).ok_or(AllocErr)
173 unsafe fn dealloc(&mut self, ptr: NonNull<u8>, layout: Layout) {
174 dealloc(ptr.as_ptr(), layout)
178 unsafe fn realloc(&mut self,
182 -> Result<NonNull<u8>, AllocErr>
184 NonNull::new(realloc(ptr.as_ptr(), layout, new_size)).ok_or(AllocErr)
188 unsafe fn alloc_zeroed(&mut self, layout: Layout) -> Result<NonNull<u8>, AllocErr> {
189 NonNull::new(alloc_zeroed(layout)).ok_or(AllocErr)
193 /// The allocator for unique pointers.
194 // This function must not unwind. If it does, MIR codegen will fail.
196 #[lang = "exchange_malloc"]
198 unsafe fn exchange_malloc(size: usize, align: usize) -> *mut u8 {
202 let layout = Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(size, align);
203 let ptr = alloc(layout);
207 handle_alloc_error(layout)
212 #[cfg_attr(not(test), lang = "box_free")]
214 pub(crate) unsafe fn box_free<T: ?Sized>(ptr: Unique<T>) {
215 let ptr = ptr.as_ptr();
216 let size = size_of_val(&*ptr);
217 let align = min_align_of_val(&*ptr);
218 // We do not allocate for Box<T> when T is ZST, so deallocation is also not necessary.
220 let layout = Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(size, align);
221 dealloc(ptr as *mut u8, layout);
225 /// Abort on memory allocation error or failure.
227 /// Callers of memory allocation APIs wishing to abort computation
228 /// in response to an allocation error are encouraged to call this function,
229 /// rather than directly invoking `panic!` or similar.
231 /// The default behavior of this function is to print a message to standard error
232 /// and abort the process.
233 /// It can be replaced with [`set_alloc_error_hook`] and [`take_alloc_error_hook`].
235 /// [`set_alloc_error_hook`]: ../../std/alloc/fn.set_alloc_error_hook.html
236 /// [`take_alloc_error_hook`]: ../../std/alloc/fn.take_alloc_error_hook.html
237 #[stable(feature = "global_alloc", since = "1.28.0")]
238 #[rustc_allocator_nounwind]
239 pub fn handle_alloc_error(layout: Layout) -> ! {
240 #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
243 fn oom_impl(layout: Layout) -> !;
245 unsafe { oom_impl(layout) }
252 use crate::boxed::Box;
253 use crate::alloc::{Global, Alloc, Layout, handle_alloc_error};
256 fn allocate_zeroed() {
258 let layout = Layout::from_size_align(1024, 1).unwrap();
259 let ptr = Global.alloc_zeroed(layout.clone())
260 .unwrap_or_else(|_| handle_alloc_error(layout));
262 let mut i = ptr.cast::<u8>().as_ptr();
263 let end = i.add(layout.size());
268 Global.dealloc(ptr, layout);
273 #[cfg(not(miri))] // Miri does not support benchmarks
274 fn alloc_owned_small(b: &mut Bencher) {
276 let _: Box<_> = box 10;