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1 use rustc::middle::const_val;
2 use rustc::hir::def_id::DefId;
3 use rustc::mir::mir_map::MirMap;
4 use rustc::mir::repr as mir;
5 use rustc::traits::{self, ProjectionMode};
6 use rustc::ty::fold::TypeFoldable;
7 use rustc::ty::layout::{self, Layout, Size};
8 use rustc::ty::subst::{self, Subst, Substs};
9 use rustc::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
10 use rustc::util::nodemap::DefIdMap;
11 use std::cell::RefCell;
12 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
13 use std::rc::Rc;
14 use std::{iter, mem};
15 use syntax::ast;
16 use syntax::attr;
17 use syntax::codemap::{self, DUMMY_SP, Span};
18
19 use error::{EvalError, EvalResult};
20 use memory::{Memory, Pointer};
21 use primval::{self, PrimVal};
22
23 use std::collections::HashMap;
24
25 mod stepper;
26
27 struct GlobalEvalContext<'a, 'tcx: 'a> {
28     /// The results of the type checker, from rustc.
29     tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'tcx, 'tcx>,
30
31     /// A mapping from NodeIds to Mir, from rustc. Only contains MIR for crate-local items.
32     mir_map: &'a MirMap<'tcx>,
33
34     /// A local cache from DefIds to Mir for non-crate-local items.
35     mir_cache: RefCell<DefIdMap<Rc<mir::Mir<'tcx>>>>,
36
37     /// The virtual memory system.
38     memory: Memory,
39
40     /// Precomputed statics, constants and promoteds
41     statics: HashMap<ConstantId<'tcx>, Pointer>,
42 }
43
44 struct FnEvalContext<'a, 'b: 'a + 'mir, 'mir, 'tcx: 'b> {
45     gecx: &'a mut GlobalEvalContext<'b, 'tcx>,
46
47     /// The virtual call stack.
48     stack: Vec<Frame<'mir, 'tcx>>,
49 }
50
51 impl<'a, 'b, 'mir, 'tcx> Deref for FnEvalContext<'a, 'b, 'mir, 'tcx> {
52     type Target = GlobalEvalContext<'b, 'tcx>;
53     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
54         self.gecx
55     }
56 }
57
58 impl<'a, 'b, 'mir, 'tcx> DerefMut for FnEvalContext<'a, 'b, 'mir, 'tcx> {
59     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
60         self.gecx
61     }
62 }
63
64 /// A stack frame.
65 struct Frame<'a, 'tcx: 'a> {
66     /// The def_id of the current function
67     def_id: DefId,
68
69     /// The span of the call site
70     span: codemap::Span,
71
72     /// type substitutions for the current function invocation
73     substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>,
74
75     /// The MIR for the function called on this frame.
76     mir: CachedMir<'a, 'tcx>,
77
78     /// The block that is currently executed (or will be executed after the above call stacks return)
79     next_block: mir::BasicBlock,
80
81     /// A pointer for writing the return value of the current call if it's not a diverging call.
82     return_ptr: Option<Pointer>,
83
84     /// The list of locals for the current function, stored in order as
85     /// `[arguments..., variables..., temporaries...]`. The variables begin at `self.var_offset`
86     /// and the temporaries at `self.temp_offset`.
87     locals: Vec<Pointer>,
88
89     /// The offset of the first variable in `self.locals`.
90     var_offset: usize,
91
92     /// The offset of the first temporary in `self.locals`.
93     temp_offset: usize,
94
95     /// The index of the currently evaluated statment
96     stmt: usize,
97
98     // Constants that need to be evaluated before the next statement can be evaluated
99     constants: Vec<(ConstantId<'tcx>, Span, Pointer, CachedMir<'a, 'tcx>)>,
100 }
101
102 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
103 struct Lvalue {
104     ptr: Pointer,
105     extra: LvalueExtra,
106 }
107
108 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
109 enum LvalueExtra {
110     None,
111     Length(u64),
112     // TODO(solson): Vtable(memory::AllocId),
113     DowncastVariant(usize),
114 }
115
116 #[derive(Clone)]
117 enum CachedMir<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir> {
118     Ref(&'mir mir::Mir<'tcx>),
119     Owned(Rc<mir::Mir<'tcx>>)
120 }
121
122 /// Represents the action to be taken in the main loop as a result of executing a terminator.
123 enum TerminatorTarget {
124     /// Make a local jump to the next block
125     Block,
126
127     /// Start executing from the new current frame. (For function calls.)
128     Call,
129
130     /// Stop executing the current frame and resume the previous frame.
131     Return,
132 }
133
134 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
135 enum ConstantId<'tcx> {
136     Promoted { def_id: DefId, substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>, index: usize },
137     Static { def_id: DefId, substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx> },
138 }
139
140 impl<'tcx> ConstantId<'tcx> {
141     fn substs(&self) -> &'tcx Substs<'tcx> {
142         use self::ConstantId::*;
143         match *self {
144             Promoted { substs, .. } |
145             Static { substs, .. } => substs
146         }
147     }
148
149     fn def_id(&self) -> DefId {
150         use self::ConstantId::*;
151         match *self {
152             Promoted { def_id, .. } |
153             Static { def_id, .. } => def_id,
154         }
155     }
156 }
157
158
159 impl<'a, 'tcx> GlobalEvalContext<'a, 'tcx> {
160     fn new(tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'tcx, 'tcx>, mir_map: &'a MirMap<'tcx>) -> Self {
161         GlobalEvalContext {
162             tcx: tcx,
163             mir_map: mir_map,
164             mir_cache: RefCell::new(DefIdMap()),
165             memory: Memory::new(tcx.sess
166                                    .target
167                                    .uint_type
168                                    .bit_width()
169                                    .expect("Session::target::uint_type was usize")/8),
170             statics: HashMap::new(),
171         }
172     }
173
174     fn call(&mut self, mir: &mir::Mir<'tcx>, def_id: DefId) -> EvalResult<Option<Pointer>> {
175         let substs = self.tcx.mk_substs(subst::Substs::empty());
176         let return_ptr = self.alloc_ret_ptr(mir.return_ty, substs);
177
178         let mut nested_fecx = FnEvalContext::new(self);
179
180         nested_fecx.push_stack_frame(def_id, mir.span, CachedMir::Ref(mir), substs, None);
181
182         nested_fecx.frame_mut().return_ptr = return_ptr;
183
184         nested_fecx.run()?;
185         Ok(return_ptr)
186     }
187
188     fn alloc_ret_ptr(&mut self, ty: ty::FnOutput<'tcx>, substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>) -> Option<Pointer> {
189         match ty {
190             ty::FnConverging(ty) => {
191                 let size = self.type_size(ty, substs);
192                 Some(self.memory.allocate(size))
193             }
194             ty::FnDiverging => None,
195         }
196     }
197     // TODO(solson): Try making const_to_primval instead.
198     fn const_to_ptr(&mut self, const_val: &const_val::ConstVal) -> EvalResult<Pointer> {
199         use rustc::middle::const_val::ConstVal::*;
200         match *const_val {
201             Float(_f) => unimplemented!(),
202             Integral(int) => {
203                 // TODO(solson): Check int constant type.
204                 let ptr = self.memory.allocate(8);
205                 self.memory.write_uint(ptr, int.to_u64_unchecked(), 8)?;
206                 Ok(ptr)
207             }
208             Str(ref s) => {
209                 let psize = self.memory.pointer_size;
210                 let static_ptr = self.memory.allocate(s.len());
211                 let ptr = self.memory.allocate(psize * 2);
212                 self.memory.write_bytes(static_ptr, s.as_bytes())?;
213                 self.memory.write_ptr(ptr, static_ptr)?;
214                 self.memory.write_usize(ptr.offset(psize as isize), s.len() as u64)?;
215                 Ok(ptr)
216             }
217             ByteStr(ref bs) => {
218                 let psize = self.memory.pointer_size;
219                 let static_ptr = self.memory.allocate(bs.len());
220                 let ptr = self.memory.allocate(psize);
221                 self.memory.write_bytes(static_ptr, bs)?;
222                 self.memory.write_ptr(ptr, static_ptr)?;
223                 Ok(ptr)
224             }
225             Bool(b) => {
226                 let ptr = self.memory.allocate(1);
227                 self.memory.write_bool(ptr, b)?;
228                 Ok(ptr)
229             }
230             Char(_c)          => unimplemented!(),
231             Struct(_node_id)  => unimplemented!(),
232             Tuple(_node_id)   => unimplemented!(),
233             Function(_def_id) => unimplemented!(),
234             Array(_, _)       => unimplemented!(),
235             Repeat(_, _)      => unimplemented!(),
236             Dummy             => unimplemented!(),
237         }
238     }
239
240     fn type_needs_drop(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
241         self.tcx.type_needs_drop_given_env(ty, &self.tcx.empty_parameter_environment())
242     }
243
244     fn type_is_sized(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
245         ty.is_sized(self.tcx, &self.tcx.empty_parameter_environment(), DUMMY_SP)
246     }
247
248     fn fulfill_obligation(&self, trait_ref: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>) -> traits::Vtable<'tcx, ()> {
249         // Do the initial selection for the obligation. This yields the shallow result we are
250         // looking for -- that is, what specific impl.
251         self.tcx.normalizing_infer_ctxt(ProjectionMode::Any).enter(|infcx| {
252             let mut selcx = traits::SelectionContext::new(&infcx);
253
254             let obligation = traits::Obligation::new(
255                 traits::ObligationCause::misc(DUMMY_SP, ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID),
256                 trait_ref.to_poly_trait_predicate(),
257             );
258             let selection = selcx.select(&obligation).unwrap().unwrap();
259
260             // Currently, we use a fulfillment context to completely resolve all nested obligations.
261             // This is because they can inform the inference of the impl's type parameters.
262             let mut fulfill_cx = traits::FulfillmentContext::new();
263             let vtable = selection.map(|predicate| {
264                 fulfill_cx.register_predicate_obligation(&infcx, predicate);
265             });
266             infcx.drain_fulfillment_cx_or_panic(DUMMY_SP, &mut fulfill_cx, &vtable)
267         })
268     }
269
270     /// Trait method, which has to be resolved to an impl method.
271     pub fn trait_method(
272         &self,
273         def_id: DefId,
274         substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>
275     ) -> (DefId, &'tcx Substs<'tcx>) {
276         let method_item = self.tcx.impl_or_trait_item(def_id);
277         let trait_id = method_item.container().id();
278         let trait_ref = ty::Binder(substs.to_trait_ref(self.tcx, trait_id));
279         match self.fulfill_obligation(trait_ref) {
280             traits::VtableImpl(vtable_impl) => {
281                 let impl_did = vtable_impl.impl_def_id;
282                 let mname = self.tcx.item_name(def_id);
283                 // Create a concatenated set of substitutions which includes those from the impl
284                 // and those from the method:
285                 let impl_substs = vtable_impl.substs.with_method_from(substs);
286                 let substs = self.tcx.mk_substs(impl_substs);
287                 let mth = get_impl_method(self.tcx, impl_did, substs, mname);
288
289                 (mth.method.def_id, mth.substs)
290             }
291
292             traits::VtableClosure(vtable_closure) =>
293                 (vtable_closure.closure_def_id, vtable_closure.substs.func_substs),
294
295             traits::VtableFnPointer(_fn_ty) => {
296                 let _trait_closure_kind = self.tcx.lang_items.fn_trait_kind(trait_id).unwrap();
297                 unimplemented!()
298                 // let llfn = trans_fn_pointer_shim(ccx, trait_closure_kind, fn_ty);
299
300                 // let method_ty = def_ty(tcx, def_id, substs);
301                 // let fn_ptr_ty = match method_ty.sty {
302                 //     ty::TyFnDef(_, _, fty) => tcx.mk_ty(ty::TyFnPtr(fty)),
303                 //     _ => unreachable!("expected fn item type, found {}",
304                 //                       method_ty)
305                 // };
306                 // Callee::ptr(immediate_rvalue(llfn, fn_ptr_ty))
307             }
308
309             traits::VtableObject(ref _data) => {
310                 unimplemented!()
311                 // Callee {
312                 //     data: Virtual(traits::get_vtable_index_of_object_method(
313                 //                   tcx, data, def_id)),
314                 //                   ty: def_ty(tcx, def_id, substs)
315                 // }
316             }
317             vtable => unreachable!("resolved vtable bad vtable {:?} in trans", vtable),
318         }
319     }
320
321     fn load_mir(&self, def_id: DefId) -> CachedMir<'a, 'tcx> {
322         match self.tcx.map.as_local_node_id(def_id) {
323             Some(node_id) => CachedMir::Ref(self.mir_map.map.get(&node_id).unwrap()),
324             None => {
325                 let mut mir_cache = self.mir_cache.borrow_mut();
326                 if let Some(mir) = mir_cache.get(&def_id) {
327                     return CachedMir::Owned(mir.clone());
328                 }
329
330                 let cs = &self.tcx.sess.cstore;
331                 let mir = cs.maybe_get_item_mir(self.tcx, def_id).unwrap_or_else(|| {
332                     panic!("no mir for {:?}", def_id);
333                 });
334                 let cached = Rc::new(mir);
335                 mir_cache.insert(def_id, cached.clone());
336                 CachedMir::Owned(cached)
337             }
338         }
339     }
340 }
341
342 impl<'a, 'b, 'mir, 'tcx> FnEvalContext<'a, 'b, 'mir, 'tcx> {
343     fn new(gecx: &'a mut GlobalEvalContext<'b, 'tcx>) -> Self {
344         FnEvalContext {
345             gecx: gecx,
346             stack: Vec::new(),
347         }
348     }
349
350     #[inline(never)]
351     #[cold]
352     fn report(&self, e: &EvalError) {
353         let stmt = self.frame().stmt;
354         let block = self.basic_block();
355         let span = if stmt < block.statements.len() {
356             block.statements[stmt].span
357         } else {
358             block.terminator().span
359         };
360         let mut err = self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err(span, &e.to_string());
361         for &Frame{ def_id, substs, span, .. } in self.stack.iter().rev() {
362             // FIXME(solson): Find a way to do this without this Display impl hack.
363             use rustc::util::ppaux;
364             use std::fmt;
365             struct Instance<'tcx>(DefId, &'tcx Substs<'tcx>);
366             impl<'tcx> fmt::Display for Instance<'tcx> {
367                 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
368                     ppaux::parameterized(f, self.1, self.0, ppaux::Ns::Value, &[],
369                         |tcx| tcx.lookup_item_type(self.0).generics)
370                 }
371             }
372             err.span_note(span, &format!("inside call to {}", Instance(def_id, substs)));
373         }
374         err.emit();
375     }
376
377     fn maybe_report<T>(&self, r: EvalResult<T>) -> EvalResult<T> {
378         if let Err(ref e) = r {
379             self.report(e);
380         }
381         r
382     }
383
384     fn run(&mut self) -> EvalResult<()> {
385         let mut stepper = stepper::Stepper::new(self);
386         'outer: loop {
387             use self::stepper::Event::*;
388             trace!("// {:?}", stepper.block());
389
390             loop {
391                 match stepper.step()? {
392                     Constant => trace!("next statement requires the computation of a constant"),
393                     Assignment => trace!("{:?}", stepper.stmt()),
394                     Terminator => {
395                         trace!("{:?}", stepper.term().kind);
396                         continue 'outer;
397                     },
398                     Done => return Ok(()),
399                 }
400             }
401         }
402     }
403
404     fn push_stack_frame(&mut self, def_id: DefId, span: codemap::Span, mir: CachedMir<'mir, 'tcx>, substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>,
405         return_ptr: Option<Pointer>)
406     {
407         let arg_tys = mir.arg_decls.iter().map(|a| a.ty);
408         let var_tys = mir.var_decls.iter().map(|v| v.ty);
409         let temp_tys = mir.temp_decls.iter().map(|t| t.ty);
410
411         let num_args = mir.arg_decls.len();
412         let num_vars = mir.var_decls.len();
413
414         ::log_settings::settings().indentation += 1;
415
416         self.stack.push(Frame {
417             mir: mir.clone(),
418             next_block: mir::START_BLOCK,
419             return_ptr: return_ptr,
420             locals: Vec::new(),
421             var_offset: num_args,
422             temp_offset: num_args + num_vars,
423             span: span,
424             def_id: def_id,
425             substs: substs,
426             stmt: 0,
427             constants: Vec::new(),
428         });
429
430         let locals: Vec<Pointer> = arg_tys.chain(var_tys).chain(temp_tys).map(|ty| {
431             let size = self.type_size(ty);
432             self.memory.allocate(size)
433         }).collect();
434
435         self.frame_mut().locals = locals;
436     }
437
438     fn pop_stack_frame(&mut self) {
439         ::log_settings::settings().indentation -= 1;
440         let _frame = self.stack.pop().expect("tried to pop a stack frame, but there were none");
441         // TODO(solson): Deallocate local variables.
442     }
443
444     fn eval_terminator(&mut self, terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>)
445             -> EvalResult<TerminatorTarget> {
446         use rustc::mir::repr::TerminatorKind::*;
447         let target = match terminator.kind {
448             Return => TerminatorTarget::Return,
449
450             Goto { target } => {
451                 self.frame_mut().next_block = target;
452                 TerminatorTarget::Block
453             },
454
455             If { ref cond, targets: (then_target, else_target) } => {
456                 let cond_ptr = self.eval_operand(cond)?;
457                 let cond_val = self.memory.read_bool(cond_ptr)?;
458                 self.frame_mut().next_block = if cond_val { then_target } else { else_target };
459                 TerminatorTarget::Block
460             }
461
462             SwitchInt { ref discr, ref values, ref targets, .. } => {
463                 let discr_ptr = self.eval_lvalue(discr)?.to_ptr();
464                 let discr_size = self
465                     .type_layout(self.lvalue_ty(discr))
466                     .size(&self.tcx.data_layout)
467                     .bytes() as usize;
468                 let discr_val = self.memory.read_uint(discr_ptr, discr_size)?;
469
470                 // Branch to the `otherwise` case by default, if no match is found.
471                 let mut target_block = targets[targets.len() - 1];
472
473                 for (index, val_const) in values.iter().enumerate() {
474                     let ptr = self.const_to_ptr(val_const)?;
475                     let val = self.memory.read_uint(ptr, discr_size)?;
476                     if discr_val == val {
477                         target_block = targets[index];
478                         break;
479                     }
480                 }
481
482                 self.frame_mut().next_block = target_block;
483                 TerminatorTarget::Block
484             }
485
486             Switch { ref discr, ref targets, adt_def } => {
487                 let adt_ptr = self.eval_lvalue(discr)?.to_ptr();
488                 let adt_ty = self.lvalue_ty(discr);
489                 let discr_val = self.read_discriminant_value(adt_ptr, adt_ty)?;
490                 let matching = adt_def.variants.iter()
491                     .position(|v| discr_val == v.disr_val.to_u64_unchecked());
492
493                 match matching {
494                     Some(i) => {
495                         self.frame_mut().next_block = targets[i];
496                         TerminatorTarget::Block
497                     },
498                     None => return Err(EvalError::InvalidDiscriminant),
499                 }
500             }
501
502             Call { ref func, ref args, ref destination, .. } => {
503                 let mut return_ptr = None;
504                 if let Some((ref lv, target)) = *destination {
505                     self.frame_mut().next_block = target;
506                     return_ptr = Some(self.eval_lvalue(lv)?.to_ptr());
507                 }
508
509                 let func_ty = self.operand_ty(func);
510                 match func_ty.sty {
511                     ty::TyFnDef(def_id, substs, fn_ty) => {
512                         use syntax::abi::Abi;
513                         match fn_ty.abi {
514                             Abi::RustIntrinsic => {
515                                 let name = self.tcx.item_name(def_id).as_str();
516                                 match fn_ty.sig.0.output {
517                                     ty::FnConverging(ty) => {
518                                         let size = self.type_size(ty);
519                                         let ret = return_ptr.unwrap();
520                                         self.call_intrinsic(&name, substs, args, ret, size)?
521                                     }
522                                     ty::FnDiverging => unimplemented!(),
523                                 }
524                             }
525
526                             Abi::C => {
527                                 match fn_ty.sig.0.output {
528                                     ty::FnConverging(ty) => {
529                                         let size = self.type_size(ty);
530                                         self.call_c_abi(def_id, args, return_ptr.unwrap(), size)?
531                                     }
532                                     ty::FnDiverging => unimplemented!(),
533                                 }
534                             }
535
536                             Abi::Rust | Abi::RustCall => {
537                                 // TODO(solson): Adjust the first argument when calling a Fn or
538                                 // FnMut closure via FnOnce::call_once.
539
540                                 // Only trait methods can have a Self parameter.
541                                 let (resolved_def_id, resolved_substs) = if substs.self_ty().is_some() {
542                                     self.trait_method(def_id, substs)
543                                 } else {
544                                     (def_id, substs)
545                                 };
546
547                                 let mut arg_srcs = Vec::new();
548                                 for arg in args {
549                                     let src = self.eval_operand(arg)?;
550                                     let src_ty = self.operand_ty(arg);
551                                     arg_srcs.push((src, src_ty));
552                                 }
553
554                                 if fn_ty.abi == Abi::RustCall && !args.is_empty() {
555                                     arg_srcs.pop();
556                                     let last_arg = args.last().unwrap();
557                                     let last = self.eval_operand(last_arg)?;
558                                     let last_ty = self.operand_ty(last_arg);
559                                     let last_layout = self.type_layout(last_ty);
560                                     match (&last_ty.sty, last_layout) {
561                                         (&ty::TyTuple(fields),
562                                          &Layout::Univariant { ref variant, .. }) => {
563                                             let offsets = iter::once(0)
564                                                 .chain(variant.offset_after_field.iter()
565                                                     .map(|s| s.bytes()));
566                                             for (offset, ty) in offsets.zip(fields) {
567                                                 let src = last.offset(offset as isize);
568                                                 arg_srcs.push((src, ty));
569                                             }
570                                         }
571                                         ty => panic!("expected tuple as last argument in function with 'rust-call' ABI, got {:?}", ty),
572                                     }
573                                 }
574
575                                 let mir = self.load_mir(resolved_def_id);
576                                 self.push_stack_frame(def_id, terminator.span, mir, resolved_substs, return_ptr);
577
578                                 for (i, (src, src_ty)) in arg_srcs.into_iter().enumerate() {
579                                     let dest = self.frame().locals[i];
580                                     self.move_(src, dest, src_ty)?;
581                                 }
582
583                                 TerminatorTarget::Call
584                             }
585
586                             abi => return Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("can't handle function with {:?} ABI", abi))),
587                         }
588                     }
589
590                     _ => return Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("can't handle callee of type {:?}", func_ty))),
591                 }
592             }
593
594             Drop { ref value, target, .. } => {
595                 let ptr = self.eval_lvalue(value)?.to_ptr();
596                 let ty = self.lvalue_ty(value);
597                 self.drop(ptr, ty)?;
598                 self.frame_mut().next_block = target;
599                 TerminatorTarget::Block
600             }
601
602             Resume => unimplemented!(),
603         };
604
605         Ok(target)
606     }
607
608     fn drop(&mut self, ptr: Pointer, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> EvalResult<()> {
609         if !self.type_needs_drop(ty) {
610             debug!("no need to drop {:?}", ty);
611             return Ok(());
612         }
613         trace!("-need to drop {:?}", ty);
614
615         // TODO(solson): Call user-defined Drop::drop impls.
616
617         match ty.sty {
618             ty::TyBox(contents_ty) => {
619                 match self.memory.read_ptr(ptr) {
620                     Ok(contents_ptr) => {
621                         self.drop(contents_ptr, contents_ty)?;
622                         trace!("-deallocating box");
623                         self.memory.deallocate(contents_ptr)?;
624                     }
625                     Err(EvalError::ReadBytesAsPointer) => {
626                         let size = self.memory.pointer_size;
627                         let possible_drop_fill = self.memory.read_bytes(ptr, size)?;
628                         if possible_drop_fill.iter().all(|&b| b == mem::POST_DROP_U8) {
629                             return Ok(());
630                         } else {
631                             return Err(EvalError::ReadBytesAsPointer);
632                         }
633                     }
634                     Err(e) => return Err(e),
635                 }
636             }
637
638             // TODO(solson): Implement drop for other relevant types (e.g. aggregates).
639             _ => {}
640         }
641
642         // Filling drop.
643         // FIXME(solson): Trait objects (with no static size) probably get filled, too.
644         let size = self.type_size(ty);
645         self.memory.drop_fill(ptr, size)?;
646
647         Ok(())
648     }
649
650     fn read_discriminant_value(&self, adt_ptr: Pointer, adt_ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> EvalResult<u64> {
651         use rustc::ty::layout::Layout::*;
652         let adt_layout = self.type_layout(adt_ty);
653
654         let discr_val = match *adt_layout {
655             General { discr, .. } | CEnum { discr, .. } => {
656                 let discr_size = discr.size().bytes();
657                 self.memory.read_uint(adt_ptr, discr_size as usize)?
658             }
659
660             RawNullablePointer { nndiscr, .. } => {
661                 self.read_nonnull_discriminant_value(adt_ptr, nndiscr)?
662             }
663
664             StructWrappedNullablePointer { nndiscr, ref discrfield, .. } => {
665                 let offset = self.nonnull_offset(adt_ty, nndiscr, discrfield)?;
666                 let nonnull = adt_ptr.offset(offset.bytes() as isize);
667                 self.read_nonnull_discriminant_value(nonnull, nndiscr)?
668             }
669
670             // The discriminant_value intrinsic returns 0 for non-sum types.
671             Array { .. } | FatPointer { .. } | Scalar { .. } | Univariant { .. } |
672             Vector { .. } => 0,
673         };
674
675         Ok(discr_val)
676     }
677
678     fn read_nonnull_discriminant_value(&self, ptr: Pointer, nndiscr: u64) -> EvalResult<u64> {
679         let not_null = match self.memory.read_usize(ptr) {
680             Ok(0) => false,
681             Ok(_) | Err(EvalError::ReadPointerAsBytes) => true,
682             Err(e) => return Err(e),
683         };
684         assert!(nndiscr == 0 || nndiscr == 1);
685         Ok(if not_null { nndiscr } else { 1 - nndiscr })
686     }
687
688     fn call_intrinsic(
689         &mut self,
690         name: &str,
691         substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>,
692         args: &[mir::Operand<'tcx>],
693         dest: Pointer,
694         dest_size: usize
695     ) -> EvalResult<TerminatorTarget> {
696         let args_res: EvalResult<Vec<Pointer>> = args.iter()
697             .map(|arg| self.eval_operand(arg))
698             .collect();
699         let args = args_res?;
700
701         match name {
702             // FIXME(solson): Handle different integer types correctly.
703             "add_with_overflow" => {
704                 let ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
705                 let size = self.type_size(ty);
706                 let left = self.memory.read_int(args[0], size)?;
707                 let right = self.memory.read_int(args[1], size)?;
708                 let (n, overflowed) = unsafe {
709                     ::std::intrinsics::add_with_overflow::<i64>(left, right)
710                 };
711                 self.memory.write_int(dest, n, size)?;
712                 self.memory.write_bool(dest.offset(size as isize), overflowed)?;
713             }
714
715             "assume" => {}
716
717             "copy_nonoverlapping" => {
718                 let elem_ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
719                 let elem_size = self.type_size(elem_ty);
720                 let src = self.memory.read_ptr(args[0])?;
721                 let dest = self.memory.read_ptr(args[1])?;
722                 let count = self.memory.read_isize(args[2])?;
723                 self.memory.copy(src, dest, count as usize * elem_size)?;
724             }
725
726             "discriminant_value" => {
727                 let ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
728                 let adt_ptr = self.memory.read_ptr(args[0])?;
729                 let discr_val = self.read_discriminant_value(adt_ptr, ty)?;
730                 self.memory.write_uint(dest, discr_val, dest_size)?;
731             }
732
733             "forget" => {
734                 let arg_ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
735                 let arg_size = self.type_size(arg_ty);
736                 self.memory.drop_fill(args[0], arg_size)?;
737             }
738
739             "init" => self.memory.write_repeat(dest, 0, dest_size)?,
740
741             "min_align_of" => {
742                 self.memory.write_int(dest, 1, dest_size)?;
743             }
744
745             "move_val_init" => {
746                 let ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
747                 let ptr = self.memory.read_ptr(args[0])?;
748                 self.move_(args[1], ptr, ty)?;
749             }
750
751             // FIXME(solson): Handle different integer types correctly.
752             "mul_with_overflow" => {
753                 let ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
754                 let size = self.type_size(ty);
755                 let left = self.memory.read_int(args[0], size)?;
756                 let right = self.memory.read_int(args[1], size)?;
757                 let (n, overflowed) = unsafe {
758                     ::std::intrinsics::mul_with_overflow::<i64>(left, right)
759                 };
760                 self.memory.write_int(dest, n, size)?;
761                 self.memory.write_bool(dest.offset(size as isize), overflowed)?;
762             }
763
764             "offset" => {
765                 let pointee_ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
766                 let pointee_size = self.type_size(pointee_ty) as isize;
767                 let ptr_arg = args[0];
768                 let offset = self.memory.read_isize(args[1])?;
769
770                 match self.memory.read_ptr(ptr_arg) {
771                     Ok(ptr) => {
772                         let result_ptr = ptr.offset(offset as isize * pointee_size);
773                         self.memory.write_ptr(dest, result_ptr)?;
774                     }
775                     Err(EvalError::ReadBytesAsPointer) => {
776                         let addr = self.memory.read_isize(ptr_arg)?;
777                         let result_addr = addr + offset * pointee_size as i64;
778                         self.memory.write_isize(dest, result_addr)?;
779                     }
780                     Err(e) => return Err(e),
781                 }
782             }
783
784             // FIXME(solson): Handle different integer types correctly. Use primvals?
785             "overflowing_sub" => {
786                 let ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
787                 let size = self.type_size(ty);
788                 let left = self.memory.read_int(args[0], size)?;
789                 let right = self.memory.read_int(args[1], size)?;
790                 let n = left.wrapping_sub(right);
791                 self.memory.write_int(dest, n, size)?;
792             }
793
794             "size_of" => {
795                 let ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
796                 let size = self.type_size(ty) as u64;
797                 self.memory.write_uint(dest, size, dest_size)?;
798             }
799
800             "size_of_val" => {
801                 let ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
802                 if self.type_is_sized(ty) {
803                     let size = self.type_size(ty) as u64;
804                     self.memory.write_uint(dest, size, dest_size)?;
805                 } else {
806                     match ty.sty {
807                         ty::TySlice(_) | ty::TyStr => {
808                             let elem_ty = ty.sequence_element_type(self.tcx);
809                             let elem_size = self.type_size(elem_ty) as u64;
810                             let ptr_size = self.memory.pointer_size as isize;
811                             let n = self.memory.read_usize(args[0].offset(ptr_size))?;
812                             self.memory.write_uint(dest, n * elem_size, dest_size)?;
813                         }
814
815                         _ => return Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("unimplemented: size_of_val::<{:?}>", ty))),
816                     }
817                 }
818             }
819
820             "transmute" => {
821                 let ty = *substs.types.get(subst::FnSpace, 0);
822                 self.move_(args[0], dest, ty)?;
823             }
824             "uninit" => self.memory.mark_definedness(dest, dest_size, false)?,
825
826             name => return Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("unimplemented intrinsic: {}", name))),
827         }
828
829         // Since we pushed no stack frame, the main loop will act
830         // as if the call just completed and it's returning to the
831         // current frame.
832         Ok(TerminatorTarget::Call)
833     }
834
835     fn call_c_abi(
836         &mut self,
837         def_id: DefId,
838         args: &[mir::Operand<'tcx>],
839         dest: Pointer,
840         dest_size: usize,
841     ) -> EvalResult<TerminatorTarget> {
842         let name = self.tcx.item_name(def_id);
843         let attrs = self.tcx.get_attrs(def_id);
844         let link_name = match attr::first_attr_value_str_by_name(&attrs, "link_name") {
845             Some(ln) => ln.clone(),
846             None => name.as_str(),
847         };
848
849         let args_res: EvalResult<Vec<Pointer>> = args.iter()
850             .map(|arg| self.eval_operand(arg))
851             .collect();
852         let args = args_res?;
853
854         match &link_name[..] {
855             "__rust_allocate" => {
856                 let size = self.memory.read_usize(args[0])?;
857                 let ptr = self.memory.allocate(size as usize);
858                 self.memory.write_ptr(dest, ptr)?;
859             }
860
861             "__rust_reallocate" => {
862                 let ptr = self.memory.read_ptr(args[0])?;
863                 let size = self.memory.read_usize(args[2])?;
864                 self.memory.reallocate(ptr, size as usize)?;
865                 self.memory.write_ptr(dest, ptr)?;
866             }
867
868             "memcmp" => {
869                 let left = self.memory.read_ptr(args[0])?;
870                 let right = self.memory.read_ptr(args[1])?;
871                 let n = self.memory.read_usize(args[2])? as usize;
872
873                 let result = {
874                     let left_bytes = self.memory.read_bytes(left, n)?;
875                     let right_bytes = self.memory.read_bytes(right, n)?;
876
877                     use std::cmp::Ordering::*;
878                     match left_bytes.cmp(right_bytes) {
879                         Less => -1,
880                         Equal => 0,
881                         Greater => 1,
882                     }
883                 };
884
885                 self.memory.write_int(dest, result, dest_size)?;
886             }
887
888             _ => return Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("can't call C ABI function: {}", link_name))),
889         }
890
891         // Since we pushed no stack frame, the main loop will act
892         // as if the call just completed and it's returning to the
893         // current frame.
894         Ok(TerminatorTarget::Call)
895     }
896
897     fn assign_fields<I: IntoIterator<Item = u64>>(
898         &mut self,
899         dest: Pointer,
900         offsets: I,
901         operands: &[mir::Operand<'tcx>],
902     ) -> EvalResult<()> {
903         for (offset, operand) in offsets.into_iter().zip(operands) {
904             let src = self.eval_operand(operand)?;
905             let src_ty = self.operand_ty(operand);
906             let field_dest = dest.offset(offset as isize);
907             self.move_(src, field_dest, src_ty)?;
908         }
909         Ok(())
910     }
911
912     fn eval_assignment(&mut self, lvalue: &mir::Lvalue<'tcx>, rvalue: &mir::Rvalue<'tcx>)
913         -> EvalResult<()>
914     {
915         let dest = self.eval_lvalue(lvalue)?.to_ptr();
916         let dest_ty = self.lvalue_ty(lvalue);
917         let dest_layout = self.type_layout(dest_ty);
918
919         use rustc::mir::repr::Rvalue::*;
920         match *rvalue {
921             Use(ref operand) => {
922                 let src = self.eval_operand(operand)?;
923                 self.move_(src, dest, dest_ty)?;
924             }
925
926             BinaryOp(bin_op, ref left, ref right) => {
927                 let left_ptr = self.eval_operand(left)?;
928                 let left_ty = self.operand_ty(left);
929                 let left_val = self.read_primval(left_ptr, left_ty)?;
930
931                 let right_ptr = self.eval_operand(right)?;
932                 let right_ty = self.operand_ty(right);
933                 let right_val = self.read_primval(right_ptr, right_ty)?;
934
935                 let val = primval::binary_op(bin_op, left_val, right_val)?;
936                 self.memory.write_primval(dest, val)?;
937             }
938
939             UnaryOp(un_op, ref operand) => {
940                 let ptr = self.eval_operand(operand)?;
941                 let ty = self.operand_ty(operand);
942                 let val = self.read_primval(ptr, ty)?;
943                 self.memory.write_primval(dest, primval::unary_op(un_op, val)?)?;
944             }
945
946             Aggregate(ref kind, ref operands) => {
947                 use rustc::ty::layout::Layout::*;
948                 match *dest_layout {
949                     Univariant { ref variant, .. } => {
950                         let offsets = iter::once(0)
951                             .chain(variant.offset_after_field.iter().map(|s| s.bytes()));
952                         self.assign_fields(dest, offsets, operands)?;
953                     }
954
955                     Array { .. } => {
956                         let elem_size = match dest_ty.sty {
957                             ty::TyArray(elem_ty, _) => self.type_size(elem_ty) as u64,
958                             _ => panic!("tried to assign {:?} to non-array type {:?}",
959                                         kind, dest_ty),
960                         };
961                         let offsets = (0..).map(|i| i * elem_size);
962                         self.assign_fields(dest, offsets, operands)?;
963                     }
964
965                     General { discr, ref variants, .. } => {
966                         if let mir::AggregateKind::Adt(adt_def, variant, _) = *kind {
967                             let discr_val = adt_def.variants[variant].disr_val.to_u64_unchecked();
968                             let discr_size = discr.size().bytes() as usize;
969                             self.memory.write_uint(dest, discr_val, discr_size)?;
970
971                             let offsets = variants[variant].offset_after_field.iter()
972                                 .map(|s| s.bytes());
973                             self.assign_fields(dest, offsets, operands)?;
974                         } else {
975                             panic!("tried to assign {:?} to Layout::General", kind);
976                         }
977                     }
978
979                     RawNullablePointer { nndiscr, .. } => {
980                         if let mir::AggregateKind::Adt(_, variant, _) = *kind {
981                             if nndiscr == variant as u64 {
982                                 assert_eq!(operands.len(), 1);
983                                 let operand = &operands[0];
984                                 let src = self.eval_operand(operand)?;
985                                 let src_ty = self.operand_ty(operand);
986                                 self.move_(src, dest, src_ty)?;
987                             } else {
988                                 assert_eq!(operands.len(), 0);
989                                 self.memory.write_isize(dest, 0)?;
990                             }
991                         } else {
992                             panic!("tried to assign {:?} to Layout::RawNullablePointer", kind);
993                         }
994                     }
995
996                     StructWrappedNullablePointer { nndiscr, ref nonnull, ref discrfield } => {
997                         if let mir::AggregateKind::Adt(_, variant, _) = *kind {
998                             if nndiscr == variant as u64 {
999                                 let offsets = iter::once(0)
1000                                     .chain(nonnull.offset_after_field.iter().map(|s| s.bytes()));
1001                                 try!(self.assign_fields(dest, offsets, operands));
1002                             } else {
1003                                 assert_eq!(operands.len(), 0);
1004                                 let offset = self.nonnull_offset(dest_ty, nndiscr, discrfield)?;
1005                                 let dest = dest.offset(offset.bytes() as isize);
1006                                 try!(self.memory.write_isize(dest, 0));
1007                             }
1008                         } else {
1009                             panic!("tried to assign {:?} to Layout::RawNullablePointer", kind);
1010                         }
1011                     }
1012
1013                     CEnum { discr, signed, .. } => {
1014                         assert_eq!(operands.len(), 0);
1015                         if let mir::AggregateKind::Adt(adt_def, variant, _) = *kind {
1016                             let val = adt_def.variants[variant].disr_val.to_u64_unchecked();
1017                             let size = discr.size().bytes() as usize;
1018
1019                             if signed {
1020                                 self.memory.write_int(dest, val as i64, size)?;
1021                             } else {
1022                                 self.memory.write_uint(dest, val, size)?;
1023                             }
1024                         } else {
1025                             panic!("tried to assign {:?} to Layout::CEnum", kind);
1026                         }
1027                     }
1028
1029                     _ => return Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("can't handle destination layout {:?} when assigning {:?}", dest_layout, kind))),
1030                 }
1031             }
1032
1033             Repeat(ref operand, _) => {
1034                 let (elem_size, length) = match dest_ty.sty {
1035                     ty::TyArray(elem_ty, n) => (self.type_size(elem_ty), n),
1036                     _ => panic!("tried to assign array-repeat to non-array type {:?}", dest_ty),
1037                 };
1038
1039                 let src = self.eval_operand(operand)?;
1040                 for i in 0..length {
1041                     let elem_dest = dest.offset((i * elem_size) as isize);
1042                     self.memory.copy(src, elem_dest, elem_size)?;
1043                 }
1044             }
1045
1046             Len(ref lvalue) => {
1047                 let src = self.eval_lvalue(lvalue)?;
1048                 let ty = self.lvalue_ty(lvalue);
1049                 let len = match ty.sty {
1050                     ty::TyArray(_, n) => n as u64,
1051                     ty::TySlice(_) => if let LvalueExtra::Length(n) = src.extra {
1052                         n
1053                     } else {
1054                         panic!("Rvalue::Len of a slice given non-slice pointer: {:?}", src);
1055                     },
1056                     _ => panic!("Rvalue::Len expected array or slice, got {:?}", ty),
1057                 };
1058                 self.memory.write_usize(dest, len)?;
1059             }
1060
1061             Ref(_, _, ref lvalue) => {
1062                 let lv = self.eval_lvalue(lvalue)?;
1063                 self.memory.write_ptr(dest, lv.ptr)?;
1064                 match lv.extra {
1065                     LvalueExtra::None => {},
1066                     LvalueExtra::Length(len) => {
1067                         let len_ptr = dest.offset(self.memory.pointer_size as isize);
1068                         self.memory.write_usize(len_ptr, len)?;
1069                     }
1070                     LvalueExtra::DowncastVariant(..) =>
1071                         panic!("attempted to take a reference to an enum downcast lvalue"),
1072                 }
1073             }
1074
1075             Box(ty) => {
1076                 let size = self.type_size(ty);
1077                 let ptr = self.memory.allocate(size);
1078                 self.memory.write_ptr(dest, ptr)?;
1079             }
1080
1081             Cast(kind, ref operand, dest_ty) => {
1082                 let src = self.eval_operand(operand)?;
1083                 let src_ty = self.operand_ty(operand);
1084
1085                 use rustc::mir::repr::CastKind::*;
1086                 match kind {
1087                     Unsize => {
1088                         self.move_(src, dest, src_ty)?;
1089                         let src_pointee_ty = pointee_type(src_ty).unwrap();
1090                         let dest_pointee_ty = pointee_type(dest_ty).unwrap();
1091
1092                         match (&src_pointee_ty.sty, &dest_pointee_ty.sty) {
1093                             (&ty::TyArray(_, length), &ty::TySlice(_)) => {
1094                                 let len_ptr = dest.offset(self.memory.pointer_size as isize);
1095                                 self.memory.write_usize(len_ptr, length as u64)?;
1096                             }
1097
1098                             _ => return Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("can't handle cast: {:?}", rvalue))),
1099                         }
1100                     }
1101
1102                     Misc => {
1103                         // FIXME(solson): Wrong for almost everything.
1104                         let size = dest_layout.size(&self.tcx.data_layout).bytes() as usize;
1105                         self.memory.copy(src, dest, size)?;
1106                     }
1107
1108                     _ => return Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("can't handle cast: {:?}", rvalue))),
1109                 }
1110             }
1111
1112             Slice { .. } => unimplemented!(),
1113             InlineAsm { .. } => unimplemented!(),
1114         }
1115
1116         Ok(())
1117     }
1118
1119     fn nonnull_offset(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>, nndiscr: u64, discrfield: &[u32]) -> EvalResult<Size> {
1120         // Skip the constant 0 at the start meant for LLVM GEP.
1121         let mut path = discrfield.iter().skip(1).map(|&i| i as usize);
1122
1123         // Handle the field index for the outer non-null variant.
1124         let inner_ty = match ty.sty {
1125             ty::TyEnum(adt_def, substs) => {
1126                 let variant = &adt_def.variants[nndiscr as usize];
1127                 let index = path.next().unwrap();
1128                 let field = &variant.fields[index];
1129                 field.ty(self.tcx, substs)
1130             }
1131             _ => panic!(
1132                 "non-enum for StructWrappedNullablePointer: {}",
1133                 ty,
1134             ),
1135         };
1136
1137         self.field_path_offset(inner_ty, path)
1138     }
1139
1140     fn field_path_offset<I: Iterator<Item = usize>>(&self, mut ty: Ty<'tcx>, path: I) -> EvalResult<Size> {
1141         let mut offset = Size::from_bytes(0);
1142
1143         // Skip the initial 0 intended for LLVM GEP.
1144         for field_index in path {
1145             let field_offset = self.get_field_offset(ty, field_index)?;
1146             ty = self.get_field_ty(ty, field_index)?;
1147             offset = offset.checked_add(field_offset, &self.tcx.data_layout).unwrap();
1148         }
1149
1150         Ok(offset)
1151     }
1152
1153     fn get_field_ty(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>, field_index: usize) -> EvalResult<Ty<'tcx>> {
1154         match ty.sty {
1155             ty::TyStruct(adt_def, substs) => {
1156                 Ok(adt_def.struct_variant().fields[field_index].ty(self.tcx, substs))
1157             }
1158
1159             ty::TyRef(_, ty::TypeAndMut { ty, .. }) |
1160             ty::TyRawPtr(ty::TypeAndMut { ty, .. }) |
1161             ty::TyBox(ty) => {
1162                 assert_eq!(field_index, 0);
1163                 Ok(ty)
1164             }
1165             _ => Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("can't handle type: {:?}", ty))),
1166         }
1167     }
1168
1169     fn get_field_offset(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>, field_index: usize) -> EvalResult<Size> {
1170         let layout = self.type_layout(ty);
1171
1172         use rustc::ty::layout::Layout::*;
1173         match *layout {
1174             Univariant { .. } => {
1175                 assert_eq!(field_index, 0);
1176                 Ok(Size::from_bytes(0))
1177             }
1178             FatPointer { .. } => {
1179                 let bytes = layout::FAT_PTR_ADDR * self.memory.pointer_size;
1180                 Ok(Size::from_bytes(bytes as u64))
1181             }
1182             _ => Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("can't handle type: {:?}, with layout: {:?}", ty, layout))),
1183         }
1184     }
1185
1186     fn eval_operand(&mut self, op: &mir::Operand<'tcx>) -> EvalResult<Pointer> {
1187         use rustc::mir::repr::Operand::*;
1188         match *op {
1189             Consume(ref lvalue) => Ok(self.eval_lvalue(lvalue)?.to_ptr()),
1190             Constant(mir::Constant { ref literal, .. }) => {
1191                 use rustc::mir::repr::Literal::*;
1192                 match *literal {
1193                     Value { ref value } => Ok(self.const_to_ptr(value)?),
1194                     Item { def_id, substs } => {
1195                         let item_ty = self.tcx.lookup_item_type(def_id).subst(self.tcx, substs);
1196                         if item_ty.ty.is_fn() {
1197                             Err(EvalError::Unimplemented("unimplemented: mentions of function items".to_string()))
1198                         } else {
1199                             let cid = ConstantId::Static{ def_id: def_id, substs: substs };
1200                             Ok(*self.statics.get(&cid).expect("static should have been cached (rvalue)"))
1201                         }
1202                     },
1203                     Promoted { index } => {
1204                         let cid = ConstantId::Promoted {
1205                             def_id: self.frame().def_id,
1206                             substs: self.substs(),
1207                             index: index,
1208                         };
1209                         Ok(*self.statics.get(&cid).expect("a promoted constant hasn't been precomputed"))
1210                     },
1211                 }
1212             }
1213         }
1214     }
1215
1216     fn eval_lvalue(&mut self, lvalue: &mir::Lvalue<'tcx>) -> EvalResult<Lvalue> {
1217         use rustc::mir::repr::Lvalue::*;
1218         let ptr = match *lvalue {
1219             ReturnPointer => self.frame().return_ptr
1220                 .expect("ReturnPointer used in a function with no return value"),
1221             Arg(i) => self.frame().locals[i as usize],
1222             Var(i) => self.frame().locals[self.frame().var_offset + i as usize],
1223             Temp(i) => self.frame().locals[self.frame().temp_offset + i as usize],
1224
1225             Static(def_id) => {
1226                 let substs = self.tcx.mk_substs(subst::Substs::empty());
1227                 let cid = ConstantId::Static{ def_id: def_id, substs: substs };
1228                 *self.gecx.statics.get(&cid).expect("static should have been cached (lvalue)")
1229             },
1230
1231             Projection(ref proj) => {
1232                 let base = self.eval_lvalue(&proj.base)?;
1233                 let base_ty = self.lvalue_ty(&proj.base);
1234                 let base_layout = self.type_layout(base_ty);
1235
1236                 use rustc::mir::repr::ProjectionElem::*;
1237                 match proj.elem {
1238                     Field(field, _) => {
1239                         use rustc::ty::layout::Layout::*;
1240                         let variant = match *base_layout {
1241                             Univariant { ref variant, .. } => variant,
1242                             General { ref variants, .. } => {
1243                                 if let LvalueExtra::DowncastVariant(variant_idx) = base.extra {
1244                                     &variants[variant_idx]
1245                                 } else {
1246                                     panic!("field access on enum had no variant index");
1247                                 }
1248                             }
1249                             RawNullablePointer { .. } => {
1250                                 assert_eq!(field.index(), 0);
1251                                 return Ok(base);
1252                             }
1253                             StructWrappedNullablePointer { ref nonnull, .. } => nonnull,
1254                             _ => panic!("field access on non-product type: {:?}", base_layout),
1255                         };
1256
1257                         let offset = variant.field_offset(field.index()).bytes();
1258                         base.ptr.offset(offset as isize)
1259                     },
1260
1261                     Downcast(_, variant) => {
1262                         use rustc::ty::layout::Layout::*;
1263                         match *base_layout {
1264                             General { discr, .. } => {
1265                                 return Ok(Lvalue {
1266                                     ptr: base.ptr.offset(discr.size().bytes() as isize),
1267                                     extra: LvalueExtra::DowncastVariant(variant),
1268                                 });
1269                             }
1270                             RawNullablePointer { .. } | StructWrappedNullablePointer { .. } => {
1271                                 return Ok(base);
1272                             }
1273                             _ => panic!("variant downcast on non-aggregate: {:?}", base_layout),
1274                         }
1275                     },
1276
1277                     Deref => {
1278                         let pointee_ty = pointee_type(base_ty).expect("Deref of non-pointer");
1279                         let ptr = self.memory.read_ptr(base.ptr)?;
1280                         let extra = match pointee_ty.sty {
1281                             ty::TySlice(_) | ty::TyStr => {
1282                                 let len_ptr = base.ptr.offset(self.memory.pointer_size as isize);
1283                                 let len = self.memory.read_usize(len_ptr)?;
1284                                 LvalueExtra::Length(len)
1285                             }
1286                             ty::TyTrait(_) => unimplemented!(),
1287                             _ => LvalueExtra::None,
1288                         };
1289                         return Ok(Lvalue { ptr: ptr, extra: extra });
1290                     }
1291
1292                     Index(ref operand) => {
1293                         let elem_size = match base_ty.sty {
1294                             ty::TyArray(elem_ty, _) |
1295                             ty::TySlice(elem_ty) => self.type_size(elem_ty),
1296                             _ => panic!("indexing expected an array or slice, got {:?}", base_ty),
1297                         };
1298                         let n_ptr = self.eval_operand(operand)?;
1299                         let n = self.memory.read_usize(n_ptr)?;
1300                         base.ptr.offset(n as isize * elem_size as isize)
1301                     }
1302
1303                     ConstantIndex { .. } => unimplemented!(),
1304                 }
1305             }
1306         };
1307
1308         Ok(Lvalue { ptr: ptr, extra: LvalueExtra::None })
1309     }
1310
1311     // TODO(solson): Try making const_to_primval instead.
1312     fn const_to_ptr(&mut self, const_val: &const_val::ConstVal) -> EvalResult<Pointer> {
1313         use rustc::middle::const_val::ConstVal::*;
1314         match *const_val {
1315             Float(_f) => unimplemented!(),
1316             Integral(int) => {
1317                 // TODO(solson): Check int constant type.
1318                 let ptr = self.memory.allocate(8);
1319                 self.memory.write_uint(ptr, int.to_u64_unchecked(), 8)?;
1320                 Ok(ptr)
1321             }
1322             Str(ref s) => {
1323                 let psize = self.memory.pointer_size;
1324                 let static_ptr = self.memory.allocate(s.len());
1325                 let ptr = self.memory.allocate(psize * 2);
1326                 self.memory.write_bytes(static_ptr, s.as_bytes())?;
1327                 self.memory.write_ptr(ptr, static_ptr)?;
1328                 self.memory.write_usize(ptr.offset(psize as isize), s.len() as u64)?;
1329                 Ok(ptr)
1330             }
1331             ByteStr(ref bs) => {
1332                 let psize = self.memory.pointer_size;
1333                 let static_ptr = self.memory.allocate(bs.len());
1334                 let ptr = self.memory.allocate(psize);
1335                 self.memory.write_bytes(static_ptr, bs)?;
1336                 self.memory.write_ptr(ptr, static_ptr)?;
1337                 Ok(ptr)
1338             }
1339             Bool(b) => {
1340                 let ptr = self.memory.allocate(1);
1341                 self.memory.write_bool(ptr, b)?;
1342                 Ok(ptr)
1343             }
1344             Char(_c)          => unimplemented!(),
1345             Struct(_node_id)  => unimplemented!(),
1346             Tuple(_node_id)   => unimplemented!(),
1347             Function(_def_id) => unimplemented!(),
1348             Array(_, _)       => unimplemented!(),
1349             Repeat(_, _)      => unimplemented!(),
1350             Dummy             => unimplemented!(),
1351         }
1352     }
1353
1354     fn lvalue_ty(&self, lvalue: &mir::Lvalue<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
1355         self.monomorphize(self.mir().lvalue_ty(self.tcx, lvalue).to_ty(self.tcx))
1356     }
1357
1358     fn operand_ty(&self, operand: &mir::Operand<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
1359         self.monomorphize(self.mir().operand_ty(self.tcx, operand))
1360     }
1361
1362     fn monomorphize(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
1363         let substituted = ty.subst(self.tcx, self.substs());
1364         self.tcx.normalize_associated_type(&substituted)
1365     }
1366
1367     fn type_needs_drop(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
1368         self.tcx.type_needs_drop_given_env(ty, &self.tcx.empty_parameter_environment())
1369     }
1370
1371     fn move_(&mut self, src: Pointer, dest: Pointer, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> EvalResult<()> {
1372         let size = self.type_size(ty);
1373         self.memory.copy(src, dest, size)?;
1374         if self.type_needs_drop(ty) {
1375             self.memory.drop_fill(src, size)?;
1376         }
1377         Ok(())
1378     }
1379
1380     fn type_is_sized(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
1381         ty.is_sized(self.tcx, &self.tcx.empty_parameter_environment(), DUMMY_SP)
1382     }
1383
1384     fn type_size(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> usize {
1385         self.type_layout(ty).size(&self.tcx.data_layout).bytes() as usize
1386     }
1387
1388     fn type_layout(&self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> &'tcx Layout {
1389         // TODO(solson): Is this inefficient? Needs investigation.
1390         let ty = self.monomorphize(ty);
1391
1392         self.tcx.normalizing_infer_ctxt(ProjectionMode::Any).enter(|infcx| {
1393             // TODO(solson): Report this error properly.
1394             ty.layout(&infcx).unwrap()
1395         })
1396     }
1397
1398     pub fn read_primval(&mut self, ptr: Pointer, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> EvalResult<PrimVal> {
1399         use syntax::ast::{IntTy, UintTy};
1400         let val = match (self.memory.pointer_size, &ty.sty) {
1401             (_, &ty::TyBool)              => PrimVal::Bool(self.memory.read_bool(ptr)?),
1402             (_, &ty::TyInt(IntTy::I8))    => PrimVal::I8(self.memory.read_int(ptr, 1)? as i8),
1403             (2, &ty::TyInt(IntTy::Is)) |
1404             (_, &ty::TyInt(IntTy::I16))   => PrimVal::I16(self.memory.read_int(ptr, 2)? as i16),
1405             (4, &ty::TyInt(IntTy::Is)) |
1406             (_, &ty::TyInt(IntTy::I32))   => PrimVal::I32(self.memory.read_int(ptr, 4)? as i32),
1407             (8, &ty::TyInt(IntTy::Is)) |
1408             (_, &ty::TyInt(IntTy::I64))   => PrimVal::I64(self.memory.read_int(ptr, 8)? as i64),
1409             (_, &ty::TyUint(UintTy::U8))  => PrimVal::U8(self.memory.read_uint(ptr, 1)? as u8),
1410             (2, &ty::TyUint(UintTy::Us)) |
1411             (_, &ty::TyUint(UintTy::U16)) => PrimVal::U16(self.memory.read_uint(ptr, 2)? as u16),
1412             (4, &ty::TyUint(UintTy::Us)) |
1413             (_, &ty::TyUint(UintTy::U32)) => PrimVal::U32(self.memory.read_uint(ptr, 4)? as u32),
1414             (8, &ty::TyUint(UintTy::Us)) |
1415             (_, &ty::TyUint(UintTy::U64)) => PrimVal::U64(self.memory.read_uint(ptr, 8)? as u64),
1416
1417             (_, &ty::TyRef(_, ty::TypeAndMut { ty, .. })) |
1418             (_, &ty::TyRawPtr(ty::TypeAndMut { ty, .. })) => {
1419                 if self.type_is_sized(ty) {
1420                     match self.memory.read_ptr(ptr) {
1421                         Ok(p) => PrimVal::AbstractPtr(p),
1422                         Err(EvalError::ReadBytesAsPointer) => {
1423                             PrimVal::IntegerPtr(self.memory.read_usize(ptr)?)
1424                         }
1425                         Err(e) => return Err(e),
1426                     }
1427                 } else {
1428                     return Err(EvalError::Unimplemented(format!("unimplemented: primitive read of fat pointer type: {:?}", ty)));
1429                 }
1430             }
1431
1432             _ => panic!("primitive read of non-primitive type: {:?}", ty),
1433         };
1434         Ok(val)
1435     }
1436
1437     fn frame(&self) -> &Frame<'mir, 'tcx> {
1438         self.stack.last().expect("no call frames exist")
1439     }
1440
1441     fn basic_block(&self) -> &mir::BasicBlockData<'tcx> {
1442         let frame = self.frame();
1443         frame.mir.basic_block_data(frame.next_block)
1444     }
1445
1446     fn frame_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Frame<'mir, 'tcx> {
1447         self.stack.last_mut().expect("no call frames exist")
1448     }
1449
1450     fn mir(&self) -> CachedMir<'mir, 'tcx> {
1451         self.frame().mir.clone()
1452     }
1453 }
1454
1455 fn pointee_type(ptr_ty: ty::Ty) -> Option<ty::Ty> {
1456     match ptr_ty.sty {
1457         ty::TyRef(_, ty::TypeAndMut { ty, .. }) |
1458         ty::TyRawPtr(ty::TypeAndMut { ty, .. }) |
1459         ty::TyBox(ty) => {
1460             Some(ty)
1461         }
1462         _ => None,
1463     }
1464 }
1465
1466 impl Lvalue {
1467     fn to_ptr(self) -> Pointer {
1468         assert_eq!(self.extra, LvalueExtra::None);
1469         self.ptr
1470     }
1471 }
1472
1473 impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir> Deref for CachedMir<'mir, 'tcx> {
1474     type Target = mir::Mir<'tcx>;
1475     fn deref(&self) -> &mir::Mir<'tcx> {
1476         match *self {
1477             CachedMir::Ref(r) => r,
1478             CachedMir::Owned(ref rc) => rc,
1479         }
1480     }
1481 }
1482
1483 #[derive(Debug)]
1484 pub struct ImplMethod<'tcx> {
1485     pub method: Rc<ty::Method<'tcx>>,
1486     pub substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>,
1487     pub is_provided: bool,
1488 }
1489
1490 /// Locates the applicable definition of a method, given its name.
1491 pub fn get_impl_method<'a, 'tcx>(
1492     tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'tcx, 'tcx>,
1493     impl_def_id: DefId,
1494     substs: &'tcx Substs<'tcx>,
1495     name: ast::Name,
1496 ) -> ImplMethod<'tcx> {
1497     assert!(!substs.types.needs_infer());
1498
1499     let trait_def_id = tcx.trait_id_of_impl(impl_def_id).unwrap();
1500     let trait_def = tcx.lookup_trait_def(trait_def_id);
1501
1502     match trait_def.ancestors(impl_def_id).fn_defs(tcx, name).next() {
1503         Some(node_item) => {
1504             let substs = tcx.normalizing_infer_ctxt(ProjectionMode::Any).enter(|infcx| {
1505                 let substs = traits::translate_substs(&infcx, impl_def_id,
1506                                                       substs, node_item.node);
1507                 tcx.lift(&substs).unwrap_or_else(|| {
1508                     bug!("trans::meth::get_impl_method: translate_substs \
1509                           returned {:?} which contains inference types/regions",
1510                          substs);
1511                 })
1512             });
1513             ImplMethod {
1514                 method: node_item.item,
1515                 substs: substs,
1516                 is_provided: node_item.node.is_from_trait(),
1517             }
1518         }
1519         None => {
1520             bug!("method {:?} not found in {:?}", name, impl_def_id)
1521         }
1522     }
1523 }
1524
1525 pub fn interpret_start_points<'a, 'tcx>(
1526     tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'tcx, 'tcx>,
1527     mir_map: &MirMap<'tcx>,
1528 ) {
1529     let initial_indentation = ::log_settings::settings().indentation;
1530     for (&id, mir) in &mir_map.map {
1531         for attr in tcx.map.attrs(id) {
1532             use syntax::attr::AttrMetaMethods;
1533             if attr.check_name("miri_run") {
1534                 let item = tcx.map.expect_item(id);
1535
1536                 ::log_settings::settings().indentation = initial_indentation;
1537
1538                 debug!("Interpreting: {}", item.name);
1539
1540                 let mut gecx = GlobalEvalContext::new(tcx, mir_map);
1541                 match gecx.call(mir, tcx.map.local_def_id(id)) {
1542                     Ok(Some(return_ptr)) => if log_enabled!(::log::LogLevel::Debug) {
1543                         gecx.memory.dump(return_ptr.alloc_id);
1544                     },
1545                     Ok(None) => warn!("diverging function returned"),
1546                     Err(_e) => {
1547                         // TODO(solson): Detect whether the error was already reported or not.
1548                         // tcx.sess.err(&e.to_string());
1549                     }
1550                 }
1551             }
1552         }
1553     }
1554 }
1555
1556 // TODO(solson): Upstream these methods into rustc::ty::layout.
1557
1558 trait IntegerExt {
1559     fn size(self) -> Size;
1560 }
1561
1562 impl IntegerExt for layout::Integer {
1563     fn size(self) -> Size {
1564         use rustc::ty::layout::Integer::*;
1565         match self {
1566             I1 | I8 => Size::from_bits(8),
1567             I16 => Size::from_bits(16),
1568             I32 => Size::from_bits(32),
1569             I64 => Size::from_bits(64),
1570         }
1571     }
1572 }
1573
1574 trait StructExt {
1575     fn field_offset(&self, index: usize) -> Size;
1576 }
1577
1578 impl StructExt for layout::Struct {
1579     fn field_offset(&self, index: usize) -> Size {
1580         if index == 0 {
1581             Size::from_bytes(0)
1582         } else {
1583             self.offset_after_field[index - 1]
1584         }
1585     }
1586 }