1 /// Creates a [`Vec`] containing the arguments.
3 /// `vec!` allows `Vec`s to be defined with the same syntax as array expressions.
4 /// There are two forms of this macro:
6 /// - Create a [`Vec`] containing a given list of elements:
9 /// let v = vec![1, 2, 3];
10 /// assert_eq!(v[0], 1);
11 /// assert_eq!(v[1], 2);
12 /// assert_eq!(v[2], 3);
15 /// - Create a [`Vec`] from a given element and size:
18 /// let v = vec![1; 3];
19 /// assert_eq!(v, [1, 1, 1]);
22 /// Note that unlike array expressions this syntax supports all elements
23 /// which implement [`Clone`] and the number of elements doesn't have to be
26 /// This will use `clone` to duplicate an expression, so one should be careful
27 /// using this with types having a nonstandard `Clone` implementation. For
28 /// example, `vec![Rc::new(1); 5]` will create a vector of five references
29 /// to the same boxed integer value, not five references pointing to independently
32 /// Also, note that `vec![expr; 0]` is allowed, and produces an empty vector.
33 /// This will still evaluate `expr`, however, and immediately drop the resulting value, so
34 /// be mindful of side effects.
36 /// [`Vec`]: crate::vec::Vec
37 #[cfg(all(not(no_global_oom_handling), not(test)))]
39 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
40 #[rustc_diagnostic_item = "vec_macro"]
41 #[allow_internal_unstable(rustc_attrs, liballoc_internals)]
44 $crate::__rust_force_expr!($crate::vec::Vec::new())
46 ($elem:expr; $n:expr) => (
47 $crate::__rust_force_expr!($crate::vec::from_elem($elem, $n))
49 ($($x:expr),+ $(,)?) => (
50 $crate::__rust_force_expr!(<[_]>::into_vec(
52 $crate::boxed::Box::new([$($x),+])
57 // HACK(japaric): with cfg(test) the inherent `[T]::into_vec` method, which is
58 // required for this macro definition, is not available. Instead use the
59 // `slice::into_vec` function which is only available with cfg(test)
60 // NB see the slice::hack module in slice.rs for more information
61 #[cfg(all(not(no_global_oom_handling), test))]
62 #[allow(unused_macro_rules)]
65 $crate::vec::Vec::new()
67 ($elem:expr; $n:expr) => (
68 $crate::vec::from_elem($elem, $n)
71 $crate::slice::into_vec($crate::boxed::Box::new([$($x),*]))
73 ($($x:expr,)*) => (vec![$($x),*])
76 /// Creates a `String` using interpolation of runtime expressions.
78 /// The first argument `format!` receives is a format string. This must be a string
79 /// literal. The power of the formatting string is in the `{}`s contained.
81 /// Additional parameters passed to `format!` replace the `{}`s within the
82 /// formatting string in the order given unless named or positional parameters
83 /// are used; see [`std::fmt`] for more information.
85 /// A common use for `format!` is concatenation and interpolation of strings.
86 /// The same convention is used with [`print!`] and [`write!`] macros,
87 /// depending on the intended destination of the string.
89 /// To convert a single value to a string, use the [`to_string`] method. This
90 /// will use the [`Display`] formatting trait.
92 /// [`std::fmt`]: ../std/fmt/index.html
93 /// [`print!`]: ../std/macro.print.html
94 /// [`write!`]: core::write
95 /// [`to_string`]: crate::string::ToString
96 /// [`Display`]: core::fmt::Display
100 /// `format!` panics if a formatting trait implementation returns an error.
101 /// This indicates an incorrect implementation
102 /// since `fmt::Write for String` never returns an error itself.
108 /// format!("hello {}", "world!");
109 /// format!("x = {}, y = {y}", 10, y = 30);
110 /// let (x, y) = (1, 2);
111 /// format!("{x} + {y} = 3");
114 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
115 #[cfg_attr(not(test), rustc_diagnostic_item = "format_macro")]
116 macro_rules! format {
118 let res = $crate::fmt::format($crate::__export::format_args!($($arg)*));
123 /// Force AST node to an expression to improve diagnostics in pattern position.
126 #[unstable(feature = "liballoc_internals", issue = "none", reason = "implementation detail")]
127 macro_rules! __rust_force_expr {