1 =============================
2 Minetest World Format 22...29
3 =============================
5 This applies to a world format carrying the block serialization version
6 22...27, used at least in
7 - 0.4.dev-20120322 ... 0.4.dev-20120606 (22...23)
9 - 24 was never released as stable and existed for ~2 days
10 - 27 was added in 0.4.15-dev
11 - 29 was added in 5.5.0-dev
13 The block serialization version does not fully specify every aspect of this
14 format; if compliance with this format is to be checked, it needs to be
15 done by detecting if the files and data indeed follows it.
19 Everything is contained in a directory, the name of which is freeform, but
20 often serves as the name of the world.
22 Currently the authentication and ban data is stored on a per-world basis.
23 It can be copied over from an old world to a newly created world.
26 |-- auth.txt ----- Authentication data
27 |-- auth.sqlite -- Authentication data (SQLite alternative)
28 |-- env_meta.txt - Environment metadata
29 |-- ipban.txt ---- Banned ips/users
30 |-- map_meta.txt - Map metadata
31 |-- map.sqlite --- Map data
32 |-- players ------ Player directory
33 | |-- player1 -- Player file
34 | '-- Foo ------ Player file
35 `-- world.mt ----- World metadata
39 Contains authentication data, player per line.
40 <name>:<password hash>:<privilege1,...>
42 Legacy format (until 0.4.12) of password hash is <name><password> SHA1'd,
43 in the base64 encoding.
45 Format (since 0.4.13) of password hash is #1#<salt>#<verifier>, with the
46 parts inside <> encoded in the base64 encoding.
47 <verifier> is an RFC 2945 compatible SRP verifier,
48 of the given salt, password, and the player's name lowercased,
49 using the 2048-bit group specified in RFC 5054 and the SHA-256 hash function.
52 - Player "celeron55", no password, privileges "interact" and "shout":
53 celeron55::interact,shout
54 - Player "Foo", password "bar", privilege "shout", with a legacy password hash:
55 foo:iEPX+SQWIR3p67lj/0zigSWTKHg:shout
56 - Player "Foo", password "bar", privilege "shout", with a 0.4.13 pw hash:
57 foo:#1#hPpy4O3IAn1hsNK00A6wNw#Kpu6rj7McsrPCt4euTb5RA5ltF7wdcWGoYMcRngwDi11cZhPuuR9i5Bo7o6A877TgcEwoc//HNrj9EjR/CGjdyTFmNhiermZOADvd8eu32FYK1kf7RMC0rXWxCenYuOQCG4WF9mMGiyTPxC63VAjAMuc1nCZzmy6D9zt0SIKxOmteI75pAEAIee2hx4OkSXRIiU4Zrxo1Xf7QFxkMY4x77vgaPcvfmuzom0y/fU1EdSnZeopGPvzMpFx80ODFx1P34R52nmVl0W8h4GNo0k8ZiWtRCdrJxs8xIg7z5P1h3Th/BJ0lwexpdK8sQZWng8xaO5ElthNuhO8UQx1l6FgEA:shout
58 - Player "bar", no password, no privileges:
63 Contains authentification data as an SQLite database. This replaces auth.txt
64 above when auth_backend is set to "sqlite3" in world.mt .
66 This database contains two tables "auth" and "user_privileges":
69 `id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
70 `name` VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE,
71 `password` VARCHAR(512),
74 CREATE TABLE `user_privileges` (
76 `privilege` VARCHAR(32),
77 PRIMARY KEY (id, privilege)
78 CONSTRAINT fk_id FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES auth (id) ON DELETE CASCADE
81 The "name" and "password" fields of the auth table are the same as the auth.txt
82 fields (with modern password hash). The "last_login" field is the last login
83 time as a unix time stamp.
85 The "user_privileges" table contains one entry per privilege and player.
86 A player with "interact" and "shout" privileges will have two entries, one
87 with privilege="interact" and the second with privilege="shout".
91 Simple global environment variables.
92 Example content (added indentation):
99 Banned IP addresses and usernames.
100 Example content (added indentation):
106 Simple global map variables.
107 Example content (added indentation):
108 seed = 7980462765762429666
114 See Map File Format below.
119 Filename can be anything.
120 See Player File Format below.
125 Example content (added indentation and - explanations):
126 gameid = mesetint - name of the game
127 enable_damage = true - whether damage is enabled or not
128 creative_mode = false - whether creative mode is enabled or not
129 backend = sqlite3 - which DB backend to use for blocks (sqlite3, dummy, leveldb, redis, postgresql)
130 player_backend = sqlite3 - which DB backend to use for player data
131 readonly_backend = sqlite3 - optionally readonly seed DB (DB file _must_ be located in "readonly" subfolder)
132 server_announce = false - whether the server is publicly announced or not
133 load_mod_<mod> = false - whether <mod> is to be loaded in this world
134 auth_backend = files - which DB backend to use for authentication data
139 - Should be pretty self-explanatory.
140 - Note: position is in nodes * 10
142 Example content (added indentation):
146 position = (-5231.97,15,1961.41)
151 Item default:torch 13
152 Item default:pick_steel 1 50112
153 Item experimental:tnt
154 Item default:cobble 99
155 Item default:pick_stone 1 13104
156 Item default:shovel_steel 1 51838
159 Item default:coal_lump 3
160 Item default:cobble 99
161 Item default:leaves 22
162 Item default:gravel 52
163 Item default:axe_steel 1 2045
164 Item default:cobble 98
166 Item default:water_source 94
168 Item default:mossycobble
169 Item default:pick_steel 1 64428
170 Item animalmaterials:bone
171 Item default:sword_steel
173 Item default:sword_stone 1 10647
206 Minetest maps consist of MapBlocks, chunks of 16x16x16 nodes.
208 In addition to the bulk node data, MapBlocks stored on disk also contain
213 We need a bit of history in here. Initially Minetest stored maps in a
214 format called the "sectors" format. It was a directory/file structure like
216 sectors2/XXX/ZZZ/YYYY
217 For example, the MapBlock at (0,1,-2) was this file:
218 sectors2/000/ffd/0001
220 Eventually Minetest outgrow this directory structure, as filesystems were
221 struggling under the amount of files and directories.
223 Large servers seriously needed a new format, and thus the base of the
224 current format was invented, suggested by celeron55 and implemented by
227 SQLite3 was slammed in, and blocks files were directly inserted as blobs
228 in a single table, indexed by integer primary keys, oddly mangled from
231 Today we know that SQLite3 allows multiple primary keys (which would allow
232 storing coordinates separately), but the format has been kept unchanged for
233 that part. So, this is where it has come.
238 map.sqlite is an sqlite3 database, containing a single table, called
239 "blocks". It looks like this:
241 CREATE TABLE `blocks` (`pos` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,`data` BLOB);
245 "pos" is created from the three coordinates of a MapBlock using this
246 algorithm, defined here in Python:
248 def getBlockAsInteger(p):
249 return int64(p[2]*16777216 + p[1]*4096 + p[0])
258 It can be converted the other way by using this code:
260 def getIntegerAsBlock(i):
261 x = unsignedToSigned(i % 4096, 2048)
262 i = int((i - x) / 4096)
263 y = unsignedToSigned(i % 4096, 2048)
264 i = int((i - y) / 4096)
265 z = unsignedToSigned(i % 4096, 2048)
268 def unsignedToSigned(i, max_positive):
272 return i - 2*max_positive
276 The blob is the data that would have otherwise gone into the file.
278 See below for description.
280 MapBlock serialization format
281 ==============================
282 NOTE: Byte order is MSB first (big-endian).
283 NOTE: Zlib data is in such a format that Python's zlib at least can
285 NOTE: Since version 29 zstd is used instead of zlib. In addition the entire
286 block is first serialized and then compressed (except the version byte).
289 - map format version number, see serialisation.h for the latest number
293 - 0x01: is_underground: Should be set to 0 if there will be no light
294 obstructions above the block. If/when sunlight of a block is updated
295 and there is no block above it, this value is checked for determining
296 whether sunlight comes from the top.
297 - 0x02: day_night_differs: Whether the lighting of the block is different
298 on day and night. Only blocks that have this bit set are updated when
299 day transforms to night.
300 - 0x04: lighting_expired: Not used in version 27 and above. If true,
301 lighting is invalid and should be updated. If you can't calculate
302 lighting in your generator properly, you could try setting this 1 to
303 everything and setting the uppermost block in every sector as
304 is_underground=0. I am quite sure it doesn't work properly, though.
305 - 0x08: generated: True if the block has been generated. If false, block
306 is mostly filled with CONTENT_IGNORE and is likely to contain eg. parts
307 of trees of neighboring blocks.
309 u16 lighting_complete
310 - Added in version 27.
311 - This contains 12 flags, each of them corresponds to a direction.
312 - Indicates if the light is correct at the sides of a map block.
313 Lighting may not be correct if the light changed, but a neighbor
314 block was not loaded at that time.
315 If these flags are false, Minetest will automatically recompute light
316 when both this block and its required neighbor are loaded.
318 nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing,
319 night X-, night Y-, night Z-, night Z+, night Y+, night X+,
320 day X-, day Y-, day Z-, day Z+, day Y+, day X+.
321 Where 'day' is for the day light bank, 'night' is for the night
323 The 'nothing' bits should be always set, as they will be used
324 to indicate if direct sunlight spreading is finished.
325 - Example: if the block at (0, 0, 0) has
326 lighting_complete = 0b1111111111111110,
327 then Minetest will correct lighting in the day light bank when
328 the block at (1, 0, 0) is also loaded.
330 if map format version >= 29:
332 - Timestamp when last saved, as seconds from starting the game.
333 - 0xffffffff = invalid/unknown timestamp, nothing should be done with the time
334 difference when loaded
336 u16 num_name_id_mappings
337 foreach num_name_id_mappings
341 if map format version < 29:
342 -- Nothing right here, timpstamp and node id mappings are serialized later
345 - Number of bytes in the content (param0) fields of nodes
346 if map format version <= 23:
348 if map format version >= 24:
352 - Number of bytes used for parameters per node
355 node data (zlib-compressed if version < 29):
356 if content_width == 1:
358 u8[4096]: param0 fields
359 u8[4096]: param1 fields
360 u8[4096]: param2 fields
361 if content_width == 2:
363 u16[4096]: param0 fields
364 u8[4096]: param1 fields
365 u8[4096]: param2 fields
366 - The location of a node in each of those arrays is (z*16*16 + y*16 + x).
368 node metadata list (zlib-compressed if version < 29):
370 if map format version <= 22:
372 u16 count of metadata
374 u16 position (p.Z*MAP_BLOCKSIZE*MAP_BLOCKSIZE + p.Y*MAP_BLOCKSIZE + p.X)
377 u8[content_size] content of metadata. Format depends on type_id, see below.
378 if map format version >= 23:
379 u8 version -- Note: type was u16 for map format version <= 22
380 -- = 1 for map format version < 28
381 -- = 2 since map format version 28
382 u16 count of metadata
384 u16 position (p.Z*MAP_BLOCKSIZE*MAP_BLOCKSIZE + p.Y*MAP_BLOCKSIZE + p.X)
391 u8 is_private -- only for version >= 2. 0 = not private, 1 = private
395 if map format version == 23:
396 u8 unused version (always 0)
397 if map format version == 24: (NOTE: Not released as stable)
399 if nodetimer_version == 0:
401 if nodetimer_version == 1:
403 foreach num_of_timers:
404 u16 timer position (z*16*16 + y*16 + x)
407 if map format version >= 25:
408 -- Nothing right here, node timers are serialized later
410 u8 static object version:
413 u16 static_object_count
415 foreach static_object_count:
416 u8 type (object type-id)
417 s32 pos_x_nodes * 10000
418 s32 pos_y_nodes * 10000
419 s32 pos_z_nodes * 10000
423 if map format version < 29:
425 - Same meaning as the timestamp further up
427 u8 name-id-mapping version
430 u16 num_name_id_mappings
431 foreach num_name_id_mappings
437 if map format version == 25:
438 u8 length of the data of a single timer (always 2+4+4=10)
440 foreach num_of_timers:
441 u16 timer position (z*16*16 + y*16 + x)
449 A node is composed of the u8 fields param0, param1 and param2.
451 if map format version <= 23:
452 The content id of a node is determined as so:
456 content_id = (param0<<4) + (param2>>4)
457 if map format version >= 24:
458 The content id of a node is param0.
460 The purpose of param1 and param2 depend on the definition of the node.
464 The mapping maps node content ids to node names.
466 Node metadata format for map format versions <= 22
467 ---------------------------------------------------
468 The node metadata are serialized depending on the type_id field.
479 u8[len] inventory drawspec
480 u8 allow_text_input (bool)
481 u8 removal_disabled (bool)
482 u8 enforce_owner (bool)
500 17: Locked Chest metadata
507 Static objects are persistent freely moving objects in the world.
514 u8 compatibility_byte (always 1)
520 s32 velocity.x * 10000
521 s32 velocity.y * 10000
522 s32 velocity.z * 10000
524 if PROTOCOL_VERSION >= 37:
532 eg. 'default:pick_wood 21323'
533 eg. '"default:apple" 2'
535 - The wear value in tools is 0...65535
536 - There are also a number of older formats that you might stumble upon:
537 eg. 'node "default:dirt" 5'
538 eg. 'NodeItem default:dirt 5'
539 eg. 'ToolItem WPick 21323'
541 Inventory serialization format
542 -------------------------------
543 - The inventory serialization format is line-based
544 - The newline character used is "\n"
545 - The end condition of a serialized inventory is always "EndInventory\n"
546 - All the slots in a list must always be serialized.
548 Example (format does not include "---"):
552 Item default:sword_stone 1 10647