crates/hir_ty/src/lower.rs

   1 //! Methods for lowering the HIR to types. There are two main cases here:
   2 //!
   3 //!  - Lowering a type reference like `&usize` or `Option<foo::bar::Baz>` to a
   4 //!    type: The entry point for this is `Ty::from_hir`.
   5 //!  - Building the type for an item: This happens through the `type_for_def` query.
   6 //!
   7 //! This usually involves resolving names, collecting generic arguments etc.
   8 use std::{iter, sync::Arc};
   9
  10 use base_db::CrateId;
  11 use chalk_ir::{cast::Cast, Mutability, Safety};
  12 use hir_def::{
  13     adt::StructKind,
  14     builtin_type::BuiltinType,
  15     generics::{TypeParamProvenance, WherePredicate, WherePredicateTypeTarget},
  16     path::{GenericArg, Path, PathSegment, PathSegments},
  17     resolver::{HasResolver, Resolver, TypeNs},
  18     type_ref::{TypeBound, TypeRef},
  19     AdtId, AssocContainerId, AssocItemId, ConstId, ConstParamId, EnumId, EnumVariantId, FunctionId,
  20     GenericDefId, HasModule, ImplId, LocalFieldId, Lookup, StaticId, StructId, TraitId,
  21     TypeAliasId, TypeParamId, UnionId, VariantId,
  22 };
  23 use hir_expand::name::Name;
  24 use la_arena::ArenaMap;
  25 use smallvec::SmallVec;
  26 use stdx::impl_from;
  27
  28 use crate::{
  29     db::HirDatabase,
  30     to_assoc_type_id, to_chalk_trait_id, to_placeholder_idx,
  31     traits::chalk::{Interner, ToChalk},
  32     utils::{
  33         all_super_trait_refs, associated_type_by_name_including_super_traits, generics,
  34         variant_data,
  35     },
  36     AliasEq, AliasTy, Binders, BoundVar, CallableSig, DebruijnIndex, FnPointer, FnSig, ImplTraitId,
  37     OpaqueTy, PolyFnSig, ProjectionTy, ReturnTypeImplTrait, ReturnTypeImplTraits, Substitution,
  38     TraitEnvironment, TraitRef, Ty, TyKind, TypeWalk, WhereClause,
  39 };
  40
  41 #[derive(Debug)]
  42 pub struct TyLoweringContext<'a> {
  43     pub db: &'a dyn HirDatabase,
  44     pub resolver: &'a Resolver,
  45     in_binders: DebruijnIndex,
  46     /// Note: Conceptually, it's thinkable that we could be in a location where
  47     /// some type params should be represented as placeholders, and others
  48     /// should be converted to variables. I think in practice, this isn't
  49     /// possible currently, so this should be fine for now.
  50     pub type_param_mode: TypeParamLoweringMode,
  51     pub impl_trait_mode: ImplTraitLoweringMode,
  52     impl_trait_counter: std::cell::Cell<u16>,
  53     /// When turning `impl Trait` into opaque types, we have to collect the
  54     /// bounds at the same time to get the IDs correct (without becoming too
  55     /// complicated). I don't like using interior mutability (as for the
  56     /// counter), but I've tried and failed to make the lifetimes work for
  57     /// passing around a `&mut TyLoweringContext`. The core problem is that
  58     /// we're grouping the mutable data (the counter and this field) together
  59     /// with the immutable context (the references to the DB and resolver).
  60     /// Splitting this up would be a possible fix.
  61     opaque_type_data: std::cell::RefCell<Vec<ReturnTypeImplTrait>>,
  62 }
  63
  64 impl<'a> TyLoweringContext<'a> {
  65     pub fn new(db: &'a dyn HirDatabase, resolver: &'a Resolver) -> Self {
  66         let impl_trait_counter = std::cell::Cell::new(0);
  67         let impl_trait_mode = ImplTraitLoweringMode::Disallowed;
  68         let type_param_mode = TypeParamLoweringMode::Placeholder;
  69         let in_binders = DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST;
  70         let opaque_type_data = std::cell::RefCell::new(Vec::new());
  71         Self {
  72             db,
  73             resolver,
  74             in_binders,
  75             impl_trait_mode,
  76             impl_trait_counter,
  77             type_param_mode,
  78             opaque_type_data,
  79         }
  80     }
  81
  82     pub fn with_debruijn<T>(
  83         &self,
  84         debruijn: DebruijnIndex,
  85         f: impl FnOnce(&TyLoweringContext) -> T,
  86     ) -> T {
  87         let opaque_ty_data_vec = self.opaque_type_data.replace(Vec::new());
  88         let new_ctx = Self {
  89             in_binders: debruijn,
  90             impl_trait_counter: std::cell::Cell::new(self.impl_trait_counter.get()),
  91             opaque_type_data: std::cell::RefCell::new(opaque_ty_data_vec),
  92             ..*self
  93         };
  94         let result = f(&new_ctx);
  95         self.impl_trait_counter.set(new_ctx.impl_trait_counter.get());
  96         self.opaque_type_data.replace(new_ctx.opaque_type_data.into_inner());
  97         result
  98     }
  99
 100     pub fn with_shifted_in<T>(
 101         &self,
 102         debruijn: DebruijnIndex,
 103         f: impl FnOnce(&TyLoweringContext) -> T,
 104     ) -> T {
 105         self.with_debruijn(self.in_binders.shifted_in_from(debruijn), f)
 106     }
 107
 108     pub fn with_impl_trait_mode(self, impl_trait_mode: ImplTraitLoweringMode) -> Self {
 109         Self { impl_trait_mode, ..self }
 110     }
 111
 112     pub fn with_type_param_mode(self, type_param_mode: TypeParamLoweringMode) -> Self {
 113         Self { type_param_mode, ..self }
 114     }
 115 }
 116
 117 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 118 pub enum ImplTraitLoweringMode {
 119     /// `impl Trait` gets lowered into an opaque type that doesn't unify with
 120     /// anything except itself. This is used in places where values flow 'out',
 121     /// i.e. for arguments of the function we're currently checking, and return
 122     /// types of functions we're calling.
 123     Opaque,
 124     /// `impl Trait` gets lowered into a type variable. Used for argument
 125     /// position impl Trait when inside the respective function, since it allows
 126     /// us to support that without Chalk.
 127     Param,
 128     /// `impl Trait` gets lowered into a variable that can unify with some
 129     /// type. This is used in places where values flow 'in', i.e. for arguments
 130     /// of functions we're calling, and the return type of the function we're
 131     /// currently checking.
 132     Variable,
 133     /// `impl Trait` is disallowed and will be an error.
 134     Disallowed,
 135 }
 136
 137 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 138 pub enum TypeParamLoweringMode {
 139     Placeholder,
 140     Variable,
 141 }
 142
 143 impl<'a> TyLoweringContext<'a> {
 144     pub fn lower_ty(&self, type_ref: &TypeRef) -> Ty {
 145         self.lower_ty_ext(type_ref).0
 146     }
 147
 148     fn lower_ty_ext(&self, type_ref: &TypeRef) -> (Ty, Option<TypeNs>) {
 149         let mut res = None;
 150         let ty = match type_ref {
 151             TypeRef::Never => TyKind::Never.intern(&Interner),
 152             TypeRef::Tuple(inner) => {
 153                 let inner_tys = inner.iter().map(|tr| self.lower_ty(tr));
 154                 TyKind::Tuple(inner_tys.len(), Substitution::from_iter(&Interner, inner_tys))
 155                     .intern(&Interner)
 156             }
 157             TypeRef::Path(path) => {
 158                 let (ty, res_) = self.lower_path(path);
 159                 res = res_;
 160                 ty
 161             }
 162             TypeRef::RawPtr(inner, mutability) => {
 163                 let inner_ty = self.lower_ty(inner);
 164                 TyKind::Raw(lower_to_chalk_mutability(*mutability), inner_ty).intern(&Interner)
 165             }
 166             TypeRef::Array(inner) => {
 167                 let inner_ty = self.lower_ty(inner);
 168                 TyKind::Array(inner_ty).intern(&Interner)
 169             }
 170             TypeRef::Slice(inner) => {
 171                 let inner_ty = self.lower_ty(inner);
 172                 TyKind::Slice(inner_ty).intern(&Interner)
 173             }
 174             TypeRef::Reference(inner, _, mutability) => {
 175                 let inner_ty = self.lower_ty(inner);
 176                 TyKind::Ref(lower_to_chalk_mutability(*mutability), inner_ty).intern(&Interner)
 177             }
 178             TypeRef::Placeholder => TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner),
 179             TypeRef::Fn(params, is_varargs) => {
 180                 let substs = Substitution(params.iter().map(|tr| self.lower_ty(tr)).collect());
 181                 TyKind::Function(FnPointer {
 182                     num_args: substs.len() - 1,
 183                     sig: FnSig { abi: (), safety: Safety::Safe, variadic: *is_varargs },
 184                     substs,
 185                 })
 186                 .intern(&Interner)
 187             }
 188             TypeRef::DynTrait(bounds) => {
 189                 let self_ty =
 190                     TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar::new(DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST, 0)).intern(&Interner);
 191                 let predicates = self.with_shifted_in(DebruijnIndex::ONE, |ctx| {
 192                     bounds.iter().flat_map(|b| ctx.lower_type_bound(b, self_ty.clone())).collect()
 193                 });
 194                 TyKind::Dyn(predicates).intern(&Interner)
 195             }
 196             TypeRef::ImplTrait(bounds) => {
 197                 match self.impl_trait_mode {
 198                     ImplTraitLoweringMode::Opaque => {
 199                         let idx = self.impl_trait_counter.get();
 200                         self.impl_trait_counter.set(idx + 1);
 201
 202                         assert!(idx as usize == self.opaque_type_data.borrow().len());
 203                         // this dance is to make sure the data is in the right
 204                         // place even if we encounter more opaque types while
 205                         // lowering the bounds
 206                         self.opaque_type_data
 207                             .borrow_mut()
 208                             .push(ReturnTypeImplTrait { bounds: Binders::new(1, Vec::new()) });
 209                         // We don't want to lower the bounds inside the binders
 210                         // we're currently in, because they don't end up inside
 211                         // those binders. E.g. when we have `impl Trait<impl
 212                         // OtherTrait<T>>`, the `impl OtherTrait<T>` can't refer
 213                         // to the self parameter from `impl Trait`, and the
 214                         // bounds aren't actually stored nested within each
 215                         // other, but separately. So if the `T` refers to a type
 216                         // parameter of the outer function, it's just one binder
 217                         // away instead of two.
 218                         let actual_opaque_type_data = self
 219                             .with_debruijn(DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST, |ctx| {
 220                                 ctx.lower_impl_trait(&bounds)
 221                             });
 222                         self.opaque_type_data.borrow_mut()[idx as usize] = actual_opaque_type_data;
 223
 224                         let func = match self.resolver.generic_def() {
 225                             Some(GenericDefId::FunctionId(f)) => f,
 226                             _ => panic!("opaque impl trait lowering in non-function"),
 227                         };
 228                         let impl_trait_id = ImplTraitId::ReturnTypeImplTrait(func, idx);
 229                         let opaque_ty_id = self.db.intern_impl_trait_id(impl_trait_id).into();
 230                         let generics = generics(self.db.upcast(), func.into());
 231                         let parameters = Substitution::bound_vars(&generics, self.in_binders);
 232                         TyKind::Alias(AliasTy::Opaque(OpaqueTy {
 233                             opaque_ty_id,
 234                             substitution: parameters,
 235                         }))
 236                         .intern(&Interner)
 237                     }
 238                     ImplTraitLoweringMode::Param => {
 239                         let idx = self.impl_trait_counter.get();
 240                         // FIXME we're probably doing something wrong here
 241                         self.impl_trait_counter.set(idx + count_impl_traits(type_ref) as u16);
 242                         if let Some(def) = self.resolver.generic_def() {
 243                             let generics = generics(self.db.upcast(), def);
 244                             let param = generics
 245                                 .iter()
 246                                 .filter(|(_, data)| {
 247                                     data.provenance == TypeParamProvenance::ArgumentImplTrait
 248                                 })
 249                                 .nth(idx as usize)
 250                                 .map_or(TyKind::Unknown, |(id, _)| {
 251                                     TyKind::Placeholder(to_placeholder_idx(self.db, id))
 252                                 });
 253                             param.intern(&Interner)
 254                         } else {
 255                             TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner)
 256                         }
 257                     }
 258                     ImplTraitLoweringMode::Variable => {
 259                         let idx = self.impl_trait_counter.get();
 260                         // FIXME we're probably doing something wrong here
 261                         self.impl_trait_counter.set(idx + count_impl_traits(type_ref) as u16);
 262                         let (parent_params, self_params, list_params, _impl_trait_params) =
 263                             if let Some(def) = self.resolver.generic_def() {
 264                                 let generics = generics(self.db.upcast(), def);
 265                                 generics.provenance_split()
 266                             } else {
 267                                 (0, 0, 0, 0)
 268                             };
 269                         TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar::new(
 270                             self.in_binders,
 271                             idx as usize + parent_params + self_params + list_params,
 272                         ))
 273                         .intern(&Interner)
 274                     }
 275                     ImplTraitLoweringMode::Disallowed => {
 276                         // FIXME: report error
 277                         TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner)
 278                     }
 279                 }
 280             }
 281             TypeRef::Error => TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner),
 282         };
 283         (ty, res)
 284     }
 285
 286     /// This is only for `generic_predicates_for_param`, where we can't just
 287     /// lower the self types of the predicates since that could lead to cycles.
 288     /// So we just check here if the `type_ref` resolves to a generic param, and which.
 289     fn lower_ty_only_param(&self, type_ref: &TypeRef) -> Option<TypeParamId> {
 290         let path = match type_ref {
 291             TypeRef::Path(path) => path,
 292             _ => return None,
 293         };
 294         if path.type_anchor().is_some() {
 295             return None;
 296         }
 297         if path.segments().len() > 1 {
 298             return None;
 299         }
 300         let resolution =
 301             match self.resolver.resolve_path_in_type_ns(self.db.upcast(), path.mod_path()) {
 302                 Some((it, None)) => it,
 303                 _ => return None,
 304             };
 305         if let TypeNs::GenericParam(param_id) = resolution {
 306             Some(param_id)
 307         } else {
 308             None
 309         }
 310     }
 311
 312     pub(crate) fn lower_ty_relative_path(
 313         &self,
 314         ty: Ty,
 315         // We need the original resolution to lower `Self::AssocTy` correctly
 316         res: Option<TypeNs>,
 317         remaining_segments: PathSegments<'_>,
 318     ) -> (Ty, Option<TypeNs>) {
 319         if remaining_segments.len() == 1 {
 320             // resolve unselected assoc types
 321             let segment = remaining_segments.first().unwrap();
 322             (self.select_associated_type(res, segment), None)
 323         } else if remaining_segments.len() > 1 {
 324             // FIXME report error (ambiguous associated type)
 325             (TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner), None)
 326         } else {
 327             (ty, res)
 328         }
 329     }
 330
 331     pub(crate) fn lower_partly_resolved_path(
 332         &self,
 333         resolution: TypeNs,
 334         resolved_segment: PathSegment<'_>,
 335         remaining_segments: PathSegments<'_>,
 336         infer_args: bool,
 337     ) -> (Ty, Option<TypeNs>) {
 338         let ty = match resolution {
 339             TypeNs::TraitId(trait_) => {
 340                 // if this is a bare dyn Trait, we'll directly put the required ^0 for the self type in there
 341                 let self_ty = if remaining_segments.len() == 0 {
 342                     Some(
 343                         TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar::new(DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST, 0))
 344                             .intern(&Interner),
 345                     )
 346                 } else {
 347                     None
 348                 };
 349                 let trait_ref =
 350                     self.lower_trait_ref_from_resolved_path(trait_, resolved_segment, self_ty);
 351                 let ty = if remaining_segments.len() == 1 {
 352                     let segment = remaining_segments.first().unwrap();
 353                     let found = associated_type_by_name_including_super_traits(
 354                         self.db,
 355                         trait_ref,
 356                         &segment.name,
 357                     );
 358                     match found {
 359                         Some((super_trait_ref, associated_ty)) => {
 360                             // FIXME handle type parameters on the segment
 361                             TyKind::Alias(AliasTy::Projection(ProjectionTy {
 362                                 associated_ty_id: to_assoc_type_id(associated_ty),
 363                                 substitution: super_trait_ref.substitution,
 364                             }))
 365                             .intern(&Interner)
 366                         }
 367                         None => {
 368                             // FIXME: report error (associated type not found)
 369                             TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner)
 370                         }
 371                     }
 372                 } else if remaining_segments.len() > 1 {
 373                     // FIXME report error (ambiguous associated type)
 374                     TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner)
 375                 } else {
 376                     TyKind::Dyn(Arc::new([WhereClause::Implemented(trait_ref)])).intern(&Interner)
 377                 };
 378                 return (ty, None);
 379             }
 380             TypeNs::GenericParam(param_id) => {
 381                 let generics = generics(
 382                     self.db.upcast(),
 383                     self.resolver.generic_def().expect("generics in scope"),
 384                 );
 385                 match self.type_param_mode {
 386                     TypeParamLoweringMode::Placeholder => {
 387                         TyKind::Placeholder(to_placeholder_idx(self.db, param_id))
 388                     }
 389                     TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable => {
 390                         let idx = generics.param_idx(param_id).expect("matching generics");
 391                         TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar::new(self.in_binders, idx))
 392                     }
 393                 }
 394                 .intern(&Interner)
 395             }
 396             TypeNs::SelfType(impl_id) => {
 397                 let generics = generics(self.db.upcast(), impl_id.into());
 398                 let substs = match self.type_param_mode {
 399                     TypeParamLoweringMode::Placeholder => {
 400                         Substitution::type_params_for_generics(self.db, &generics)
 401                     }
 402                     TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable => {
 403                         Substitution::bound_vars(&generics, self.in_binders)
 404                     }
 405                 };
 406                 self.db.impl_self_ty(impl_id).subst(&substs)
 407             }
 408             TypeNs::AdtSelfType(adt) => {
 409                 let generics = generics(self.db.upcast(), adt.into());
 410                 let substs = match self.type_param_mode {
 411                     TypeParamLoweringMode::Placeholder => {
 412                         Substitution::type_params_for_generics(self.db, &generics)
 413                     }
 414                     TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable => {
 415                         Substitution::bound_vars(&generics, self.in_binders)
 416                     }
 417                 };
 418                 self.db.ty(adt.into()).subst(&substs)
 419             }
 420
 421             TypeNs::AdtId(it) => self.lower_path_inner(resolved_segment, it.into(), infer_args),
 422             TypeNs::BuiltinType(it) => {
 423                 self.lower_path_inner(resolved_segment, it.into(), infer_args)
 424             }
 425             TypeNs::TypeAliasId(it) => {
 426                 self.lower_path_inner(resolved_segment, it.into(), infer_args)
 427             }
 428             // FIXME: report error
 429             TypeNs::EnumVariantId(_) => return (TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner), None),
 430         };
 431         self.lower_ty_relative_path(ty, Some(resolution), remaining_segments)
 432     }
 433
 434     pub(crate) fn lower_path(&self, path: &Path) -> (Ty, Option<TypeNs>) {
 435         // Resolve the path (in type namespace)
 436         if let Some(type_ref) = path.type_anchor() {
 437             let (ty, res) = self.lower_ty_ext(&type_ref);
 438             return self.lower_ty_relative_path(ty, res, path.segments());
 439         }
 440         let (resolution, remaining_index) =
 441             match self.resolver.resolve_path_in_type_ns(self.db.upcast(), path.mod_path()) {
 442                 Some(it) => it,
 443                 None => return (TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner), None),
 444             };
 445         let (resolved_segment, remaining_segments) = match remaining_index {
 446             None => (
 447                 path.segments().last().expect("resolved path has at least one element"),
 448                 PathSegments::EMPTY,
 449             ),
 450             Some(i) => (path.segments().get(i - 1).unwrap(), path.segments().skip(i)),
 451         };
 452         self.lower_partly_resolved_path(resolution, resolved_segment, remaining_segments, false)
 453     }
 454
 455     fn select_associated_type(&self, res: Option<TypeNs>, segment: PathSegment<'_>) -> Ty {
 456         if let Some(res) = res {
 457             let ty = associated_type_shorthand_candidates(
 458                 self.db,
 459                 res,
 460                 move |name, t, associated_ty| {
 461                     if name == segment.name {
 462                         let substs = match self.type_param_mode {
 463                             TypeParamLoweringMode::Placeholder => {
 464                                 // if we're lowering to placeholders, we have to put
 465                                 // them in now
 466                                 let s = Substitution::type_params(
 467                                     self.db,
 468                                     self.resolver.generic_def().expect(
 469                                         "there should be generics if there's a generic param",
 470                                     ),
 471                                 );
 472                                 t.substitution.clone().subst_bound_vars(&s)
 473                             }
 474                             TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable => t.substitution.clone(),
 475                         };
 476                         // We need to shift in the bound vars, since
 477                         // associated_type_shorthand_candidates does not do that
 478                         let substs = substs.shift_bound_vars(self.in_binders);
 479                         // FIXME handle type parameters on the segment
 480                         return Some(
 481                             TyKind::Alias(AliasTy::Projection(ProjectionTy {
 482                                 associated_ty_id: to_assoc_type_id(associated_ty),
 483                                 substitution: substs,
 484                             }))
 485                             .intern(&Interner),
 486                         );
 487                     }
 488
 489                     None
 490                 },
 491             );
 492
 493             ty.unwrap_or(TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner))
 494         } else {
 495             TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner)
 496         }
 497     }
 498
 499     fn lower_path_inner(
 500         &self,
 501         segment: PathSegment<'_>,
 502         typeable: TyDefId,
 503         infer_args: bool,
 504     ) -> Ty {
 505         let generic_def = match typeable {
 506             TyDefId::BuiltinType(_) => None,
 507             TyDefId::AdtId(it) => Some(it.into()),
 508             TyDefId::TypeAliasId(it) => Some(it.into()),
 509         };
 510         let substs = self.substs_from_path_segment(segment, generic_def, infer_args);
 511         self.db.ty(typeable).subst(&substs)
 512     }
 513
 514     /// Collect generic arguments from a path into a `Substs`. See also
 515     /// `create_substs_for_ast_path` and `def_to_ty` in rustc.
 516     pub(super) fn substs_from_path(
 517         &self,
 518         path: &Path,
 519         // Note that we don't call `db.value_type(resolved)` here,
 520         // `ValueTyDefId` is just a convenient way to pass generics and
 521         // special-case enum variants
 522         resolved: ValueTyDefId,
 523         infer_args: bool,
 524     ) -> Substitution {
 525         let last = path.segments().last().expect("path should have at least one segment");
 526         let (segment, generic_def) = match resolved {
 527             ValueTyDefId::FunctionId(it) => (last, Some(it.into())),
 528             ValueTyDefId::StructId(it) => (last, Some(it.into())),
 529             ValueTyDefId::UnionId(it) => (last, Some(it.into())),
 530             ValueTyDefId::ConstId(it) => (last, Some(it.into())),
 531             ValueTyDefId::StaticId(_) => (last, None),
 532             ValueTyDefId::EnumVariantId(var) => {
 533                 // the generic args for an enum variant may be either specified
 534                 // on the segment referring to the enum, or on the segment
 535                 // referring to the variant. So `Option::<T>::None` and
 536                 // `Option::None::<T>` are both allowed (though the former is
 537                 // preferred). See also `def_ids_for_path_segments` in rustc.
 538                 let len = path.segments().len();
 539                 let penultimate = if len >= 2 { path.segments().get(len - 2) } else { None };
 540                 let segment = match penultimate {
 541                     Some(segment) if segment.args_and_bindings.is_some() => segment,
 542                     _ => last,
 543                 };
 544                 (segment, Some(var.parent.into()))
 545             }
 546         };
 547         self.substs_from_path_segment(segment, generic_def, infer_args)
 548     }
 549
 550     fn substs_from_path_segment(
 551         &self,
 552         segment: PathSegment<'_>,
 553         def_generic: Option<GenericDefId>,
 554         infer_args: bool,
 555     ) -> Substitution {
 556         let mut substs = Vec::new();
 557         let def_generics = def_generic.map(|def| generics(self.db.upcast(), def));
 558
 559         let (parent_params, self_params, type_params, impl_trait_params) =
 560             def_generics.map_or((0, 0, 0, 0), |g| g.provenance_split());
 561         let total_len = parent_params + self_params + type_params + impl_trait_params;
 562
 563         substs.extend(iter::repeat(TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner)).take(parent_params));
 564
 565         let mut had_explicit_type_args = false;
 566
 567         if let Some(generic_args) = &segment.args_and_bindings {
 568             if !generic_args.has_self_type {
 569                 substs.extend(iter::repeat(TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner)).take(self_params));
 570             }
 571             let expected_num =
 572                 if generic_args.has_self_type { self_params + type_params } else { type_params };
 573             let skip = if generic_args.has_self_type && self_params == 0 { 1 } else { 0 };
 574             // if args are provided, it should be all of them, but we can't rely on that
 575             for arg in generic_args
 576                 .args
 577                 .iter()
 578                 .filter(|arg| matches!(arg, GenericArg::Type(_)))
 579                 .skip(skip)
 580                 .take(expected_num)
 581             {
 582                 match arg {
 583                     GenericArg::Type(type_ref) => {
 584                         had_explicit_type_args = true;
 585                         let ty = self.lower_ty(type_ref);
 586                         substs.push(ty);
 587                     }
 588                     GenericArg::Lifetime(_) => {}
 589                 }
 590             }
 591         }
 592
 593         // handle defaults. In expression or pattern path segments without
 594         // explicitly specified type arguments, missing type arguments are inferred
 595         // (i.e. defaults aren't used).
 596         if !infer_args || had_explicit_type_args {
 597             if let Some(def_generic) = def_generic {
 598                 let defaults = self.db.generic_defaults(def_generic);
 599                 assert_eq!(total_len, defaults.len());
 600
 601                 for default_ty in defaults.iter().skip(substs.len()) {
 602                     // each default can depend on the previous parameters
 603                     let substs_so_far = Substitution(substs.clone().into());
 604                     substs.push(default_ty.clone().subst(&substs_so_far));
 605                 }
 606             }
 607         }
 608
 609         // add placeholders for args that were not provided
 610         // FIXME: emit diagnostics in contexts where this is not allowed
 611         for _ in substs.len()..total_len {
 612             substs.push(TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner));
 613         }
 614         assert_eq!(substs.len(), total_len);
 615
 616         Substitution(substs.into())
 617     }
 618
 619     fn lower_trait_ref_from_path(
 620         &self,
 621         path: &Path,
 622         explicit_self_ty: Option<Ty>,
 623     ) -> Option<TraitRef> {
 624         let resolved =
 625             match self.resolver.resolve_path_in_type_ns_fully(self.db.upcast(), path.mod_path())? {
 626                 TypeNs::TraitId(tr) => tr,
 627                 _ => return None,
 628             };
 629         let segment = path.segments().last().expect("path should have at least one segment");
 630         Some(self.lower_trait_ref_from_resolved_path(resolved, segment, explicit_self_ty))
 631     }
 632
 633     pub(crate) fn lower_trait_ref_from_resolved_path(
 634         &self,
 635         resolved: TraitId,
 636         segment: PathSegment<'_>,
 637         explicit_self_ty: Option<Ty>,
 638     ) -> TraitRef {
 639         let mut substs = self.trait_ref_substs_from_path(segment, resolved);
 640         if let Some(self_ty) = explicit_self_ty {
 641             substs.0[0] = self_ty;
 642         }
 643         TraitRef { trait_id: to_chalk_trait_id(resolved), substitution: substs }
 644     }
 645
 646     fn lower_trait_ref(
 647         &self,
 648         type_ref: &TypeRef,
 649         explicit_self_ty: Option<Ty>,
 650     ) -> Option<TraitRef> {
 651         let path = match type_ref {
 652             TypeRef::Path(path) => path,
 653             _ => return None,
 654         };
 655         self.lower_trait_ref_from_path(path, explicit_self_ty)
 656     }
 657
 658     fn trait_ref_substs_from_path(
 659         &self,
 660         segment: PathSegment<'_>,
 661         resolved: TraitId,
 662     ) -> Substitution {
 663         self.substs_from_path_segment(segment, Some(resolved.into()), false)
 664     }
 665
 666     pub(crate) fn lower_where_predicate(
 667         &'a self,
 668         where_predicate: &'a WherePredicate,
 669     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = WhereClause> + 'a {
 670         match where_predicate {
 671             WherePredicate::ForLifetime { target, bound, .. }
 672             | WherePredicate::TypeBound { target, bound } => {
 673                 let self_ty = match target {
 674                     WherePredicateTypeTarget::TypeRef(type_ref) => self.lower_ty(type_ref),
 675                     WherePredicateTypeTarget::TypeParam(param_id) => {
 676                         let generic_def = self.resolver.generic_def().expect("generics in scope");
 677                         let generics = generics(self.db.upcast(), generic_def);
 678                         let param_id =
 679                             hir_def::TypeParamId { parent: generic_def, local_id: *param_id };
 680                         let placeholder = to_placeholder_idx(self.db, param_id);
 681                         match self.type_param_mode {
 682                             TypeParamLoweringMode::Placeholder => TyKind::Placeholder(placeholder),
 683                             TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable => {
 684                                 let idx = generics.param_idx(param_id).expect("matching generics");
 685                                 TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar::new(DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST, idx))
 686                             }
 687                         }
 688                         .intern(&Interner)
 689                     }
 690                 };
 691                 self.lower_type_bound(bound, self_ty).collect::<Vec<_>>().into_iter()
 692             }
 693             WherePredicate::Lifetime { .. } => vec![].into_iter(),
 694         }
 695     }
 696
 697     pub(crate) fn lower_type_bound(
 698         &'a self,
 699         bound: &'a TypeBound,
 700         self_ty: Ty,
 701     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = WhereClause> + 'a {
 702         let mut bindings = None;
 703         let trait_ref = match bound {
 704             TypeBound::Path(path) => {
 705                 bindings = self.lower_trait_ref_from_path(path, Some(self_ty));
 706                 bindings.clone().map(WhereClause::Implemented)
 707             }
 708             TypeBound::Lifetime(_) => None,
 709             TypeBound::Error => None,
 710         };
 711         trait_ref.into_iter().chain(
 712             bindings
 713                 .into_iter()
 714                 .flat_map(move |tr| self.assoc_type_bindings_from_type_bound(bound, tr)),
 715         )
 716     }
 717
 718     fn assoc_type_bindings_from_type_bound(
 719         &'a self,
 720         bound: &'a TypeBound,
 721         trait_ref: TraitRef,
 722     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = WhereClause> + 'a {
 723         let last_segment = match bound {
 724             TypeBound::Path(path) => path.segments().last(),
 725             TypeBound::Error | TypeBound::Lifetime(_) => None,
 726         };
 727         last_segment
 728             .into_iter()
 729             .flat_map(|segment| segment.args_and_bindings.into_iter())
 730             .flat_map(|args_and_bindings| args_and_bindings.bindings.iter())
 731             .flat_map(move |binding| {
 732                 let found = associated_type_by_name_including_super_traits(
 733                     self.db,
 734                     trait_ref.clone(),
 735                     &binding.name,
 736                 );
 737                 let (super_trait_ref, associated_ty) = match found {
 738                     None => return SmallVec::<[WhereClause; 1]>::new(),
 739                     Some(t) => t,
 740                 };
 741                 let projection_ty = ProjectionTy {
 742                     associated_ty_id: to_assoc_type_id(associated_ty),
 743                     substitution: super_trait_ref.substitution,
 744                 };
 745                 let mut preds = SmallVec::with_capacity(
 746                     binding.type_ref.as_ref().map_or(0, |_| 1) + binding.bounds.len(),
 747                 );
 748                 if let Some(type_ref) = &binding.type_ref {
 749                     let ty = self.lower_ty(type_ref);
 750                     let alias_eq =
 751                         AliasEq { alias: AliasTy::Projection(projection_ty.clone()), ty };
 752                     preds.push(WhereClause::AliasEq(alias_eq));
 753                 }
 754                 for bound in &binding.bounds {
 755                     preds.extend(self.lower_type_bound(
 756                         bound,
 757                         TyKind::Alias(AliasTy::Projection(projection_ty.clone())).intern(&Interner),
 758                     ));
 759                 }
 760                 preds
 761             })
 762     }
 763
 764     fn lower_impl_trait(&self, bounds: &[TypeBound]) -> ReturnTypeImplTrait {
 765         cov_mark::hit!(lower_rpit);
 766         let self_ty =
 767             TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar::new(DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST, 0)).intern(&Interner);
 768         let predicates = self.with_shifted_in(DebruijnIndex::ONE, |ctx| {
 769             bounds.iter().flat_map(|b| ctx.lower_type_bound(b, self_ty.clone())).collect()
 770         });
 771         ReturnTypeImplTrait { bounds: Binders::new(1, predicates) }
 772     }
 773 }
 774
 775 fn count_impl_traits(type_ref: &TypeRef) -> usize {
 776     let mut count = 0;
 777     type_ref.walk(&mut |type_ref| {
 778         if matches!(type_ref, TypeRef::ImplTrait(_)) {
 779             count += 1;
 780         }
 781     });
 782     count
 783 }
 784
 785 /// Build the signature of a callable item (function, struct or enum variant).
 786 pub fn callable_item_sig(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: CallableDefId) -> PolyFnSig {
 787     match def {
 788         CallableDefId::FunctionId(f) => fn_sig_for_fn(db, f),
 789         CallableDefId::StructId(s) => fn_sig_for_struct_constructor(db, s),
 790         CallableDefId::EnumVariantId(e) => fn_sig_for_enum_variant_constructor(db, e),
 791     }
 792 }
 793
 794 pub fn associated_type_shorthand_candidates<R>(
 795     db: &dyn HirDatabase,
 796     res: TypeNs,
 797     mut cb: impl FnMut(&Name, &TraitRef, TypeAliasId) -> Option<R>,
 798 ) -> Option<R> {
 799     let traits_from_env: Vec<_> = match res {
 800         TypeNs::SelfType(impl_id) => match db.impl_trait(impl_id) {
 801             None => vec![],
 802             Some(trait_ref) => vec![trait_ref.value],
 803         },
 804         TypeNs::GenericParam(param_id) => {
 805             let predicates = db.generic_predicates_for_param(param_id);
 806             let mut traits_: Vec<_> = predicates
 807                 .iter()
 808                 .filter_map(|pred| match &pred.value {
 809                     WhereClause::Implemented(tr) => Some(tr.clone()),
 810                     _ => None,
 811                 })
 812                 .collect();
 813             // Handle `Self::Type` referring to own associated type in trait definitions
 814             if let GenericDefId::TraitId(trait_id) = param_id.parent {
 815                 let generics = generics(db.upcast(), trait_id.into());
 816                 if generics.params.types[param_id.local_id].provenance
 817                     == TypeParamProvenance::TraitSelf
 818                 {
 819                     let trait_ref = TraitRef {
 820                         trait_id: to_chalk_trait_id(trait_id),
 821                         substitution: Substitution::bound_vars(&generics, DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST),
 822                     };
 823                     traits_.push(trait_ref);
 824                 }
 825             }
 826             traits_
 827         }
 828         _ => vec![],
 829     };
 830
 831     for t in traits_from_env.into_iter().flat_map(move |t| all_super_trait_refs(db, t)) {
 832         let data = db.trait_data(t.hir_trait_id());
 833
 834         for (name, assoc_id) in &data.items {
 835             match assoc_id {
 836                 AssocItemId::TypeAliasId(alias) => {
 837                     if let Some(result) = cb(name, &t, *alias) {
 838                         return Some(result);
 839                     }
 840                 }
 841                 AssocItemId::FunctionId(_) | AssocItemId::ConstId(_) => {}
 842             }
 843         }
 844     }
 845
 846     None
 847 }
 848
 849 /// Build the type of all specific fields of a struct or enum variant.
 850 pub(crate) fn field_types_query(
 851     db: &dyn HirDatabase,
 852     variant_id: VariantId,
 853 ) -> Arc<ArenaMap<LocalFieldId, Binders<Ty>>> {
 854     let var_data = variant_data(db.upcast(), variant_id);
 855     let (resolver, def): (_, GenericDefId) = match variant_id {
 856         VariantId::StructId(it) => (it.resolver(db.upcast()), it.into()),
 857         VariantId::UnionId(it) => (it.resolver(db.upcast()), it.into()),
 858         VariantId::EnumVariantId(it) => (it.parent.resolver(db.upcast()), it.parent.into()),
 859     };
 860     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), def);
 861     let mut res = ArenaMap::default();
 862     let ctx =
 863         TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
 864     for (field_id, field_data) in var_data.fields().iter() {
 865         res.insert(field_id, Binders::new(generics.len(), ctx.lower_ty(&field_data.type_ref)))
 866     }
 867     Arc::new(res)
 868 }
 869
 870 /// This query exists only to be used when resolving short-hand associated types
 871 /// like `T::Item`.
 872 ///
 873 /// See the analogous query in rustc and its comment:
 874 /// https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/9150f844e2624eb013ec78ca08c1d416e6644026/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs#L46
 875 /// This is a query mostly to handle cycles somewhat gracefully; e.g. the
 876 /// following bounds are disallowed: `T: Foo<U::Item>, U: Foo<T::Item>`, but
 877 /// these are fine: `T: Foo<U::Item>, U: Foo<()>`.
 878 pub(crate) fn generic_predicates_for_param_query(
 879     db: &dyn HirDatabase,
 880     param_id: TypeParamId,
 881 ) -> Arc<[Binders<WhereClause>]> {
 882     let resolver = param_id.parent.resolver(db.upcast());
 883     let ctx =
 884         TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
 885     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), param_id.parent);
 886     resolver
 887         .where_predicates_in_scope()
 888         // we have to filter out all other predicates *first*, before attempting to lower them
 889         .filter(|pred| match pred {
 890             WherePredicate::ForLifetime { target, .. }
 891             | WherePredicate::TypeBound { target, .. } => match target {
 892                 WherePredicateTypeTarget::TypeRef(type_ref) => {
 893                     ctx.lower_ty_only_param(type_ref) == Some(param_id)
 894                 }
 895                 WherePredicateTypeTarget::TypeParam(local_id) => *local_id == param_id.local_id,
 896             },
 897             WherePredicate::Lifetime { .. } => false,
 898         })
 899         .flat_map(|pred| ctx.lower_where_predicate(pred).map(|p| Binders::new(generics.len(), p)))
 900         .collect()
 901 }
 902
 903 pub(crate) fn generic_predicates_for_param_recover(
 904     _db: &dyn HirDatabase,
 905     _cycle: &[String],
 906     _param_id: &TypeParamId,
 907 ) -> Arc<[Binders<WhereClause>]> {
 908     Arc::new([])
 909 }
 910
 911 pub(crate) fn trait_environment_query(
 912     db: &dyn HirDatabase,
 913     def: GenericDefId,
 914 ) -> Arc<TraitEnvironment> {
 915     let resolver = def.resolver(db.upcast());
 916     let ctx = TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver)
 917         .with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Placeholder);
 918     let mut traits_in_scope = Vec::new();
 919     let mut clauses = Vec::new();
 920     for pred in resolver.where_predicates_in_scope() {
 921         for pred in ctx.lower_where_predicate(pred) {
 922             if let WhereClause::Implemented(tr) = &pred {
 923                 traits_in_scope.push((tr.self_type_parameter().clone(), tr.hir_trait_id()));
 924             }
 925             let program_clause: chalk_ir::ProgramClause<Interner> =
 926                 pred.clone().to_chalk(db).cast(&Interner);
 927             clauses.push(program_clause.into_from_env_clause(&Interner));
 928         }
 929     }
 930
 931     let container: Option<AssocContainerId> = match def {
 932         // FIXME: is there a function for this?
 933         GenericDefId::FunctionId(f) => Some(f.lookup(db.upcast()).container),
 934         GenericDefId::AdtId(_) => None,
 935         GenericDefId::TraitId(_) => None,
 936         GenericDefId::TypeAliasId(t) => Some(t.lookup(db.upcast()).container),
 937         GenericDefId::ImplId(_) => None,
 938         GenericDefId::EnumVariantId(_) => None,
 939         GenericDefId::ConstId(c) => Some(c.lookup(db.upcast()).container),
 940     };
 941     if let Some(AssocContainerId::TraitId(trait_id)) = container {
 942         // add `Self: Trait<T1, T2, ...>` to the environment in trait
 943         // function default implementations (and hypothetical code
 944         // inside consts or type aliases)
 945         cov_mark::hit!(trait_self_implements_self);
 946         let substs = Substitution::type_params(db, trait_id);
 947         let trait_ref = TraitRef { trait_id: to_chalk_trait_id(trait_id), substitution: substs };
 948         let pred = WhereClause::Implemented(trait_ref);
 949         let program_clause: chalk_ir::ProgramClause<Interner> =
 950             pred.clone().to_chalk(db).cast(&Interner);
 951         clauses.push(program_clause.into_from_env_clause(&Interner));
 952     }
 953
 954     let env = chalk_ir::Environment::new(&Interner).add_clauses(&Interner, clauses);
 955
 956     Arc::new(TraitEnvironment { traits_from_clauses: traits_in_scope, env })
 957 }
 958
 959 /// Resolve the where clause(s) of an item with generics.
 960 pub(crate) fn generic_predicates_query(
 961     db: &dyn HirDatabase,
 962     def: GenericDefId,
 963 ) -> Arc<[Binders<WhereClause>]> {
 964     let resolver = def.resolver(db.upcast());
 965     let ctx =
 966         TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
 967     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), def);
 968     resolver
 969         .where_predicates_in_scope()
 970         .flat_map(|pred| ctx.lower_where_predicate(pred).map(|p| Binders::new(generics.len(), p)))
 971         .collect()
 972 }
 973
 974 /// Resolve the default type params from generics
 975 pub(crate) fn generic_defaults_query(
 976     db: &dyn HirDatabase,
 977     def: GenericDefId,
 978 ) -> Arc<[Binders<Ty>]> {
 979     let resolver = def.resolver(db.upcast());
 980     let ctx =
 981         TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
 982     let generic_params = generics(db.upcast(), def);
 983
 984     let defaults = generic_params
 985         .iter()
 986         .enumerate()
 987         .map(|(idx, (_, p))| {
 988             let mut ty =
 989                 p.default.as_ref().map_or(TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner), |t| ctx.lower_ty(t));
 990
 991             // Each default can only refer to previous parameters.
 992             ty.walk_mut_binders(
 993                 &mut |ty, binders| match ty.interned_mut() {
 994                     TyKind::BoundVar(BoundVar { debruijn, index }) if *debruijn == binders => {
 995                         if *index >= idx {
 996                             // type variable default referring to parameter coming
 997                             // after it. This is forbidden (FIXME: report
 998                             // diagnostic)
 999                             *ty = TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner);
1000                         }
1001                     }
1002                     _ => {}
1003                 },
1004                 DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST,
1005             );
1006
1007             Binders::new(idx, ty)
1008         })
1009         .collect();
1010
1011     defaults
1012 }
1013
1014 fn fn_sig_for_fn(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: FunctionId) -> PolyFnSig {
1015     let data = db.function_data(def);
1016     let resolver = def.resolver(db.upcast());
1017     let ctx_params = TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver)
1018         .with_impl_trait_mode(ImplTraitLoweringMode::Variable)
1019         .with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
1020     let params = data.params.iter().map(|tr| (&ctx_params).lower_ty(tr)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
1021     let ctx_ret = TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver)
1022         .with_impl_trait_mode(ImplTraitLoweringMode::Opaque)
1023         .with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
1024     let ret = (&ctx_ret).lower_ty(&data.ret_type);
1025     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), def.into());
1026     let num_binders = generics.len();
1027     Binders::new(num_binders, CallableSig::from_params_and_return(params, ret, data.is_varargs))
1028 }
1029
1030 /// Build the declared type of a function. This should not need to look at the
1031 /// function body.
1032 fn type_for_fn(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: FunctionId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1033     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), def.into());
1034     let substs = Substitution::bound_vars(&generics, DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST);
1035     Binders::new(
1036         substs.len(),
1037         TyKind::FnDef(CallableDefId::FunctionId(def).to_chalk(db), substs).intern(&Interner),
1038     )
1039 }
1040
1041 /// Build the declared type of a const.
1042 fn type_for_const(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: ConstId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1043     let data = db.const_data(def);
1044     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), def.into());
1045     let resolver = def.resolver(db.upcast());
1046     let ctx =
1047         TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
1048
1049     Binders::new(generics.len(), ctx.lower_ty(&data.type_ref))
1050 }
1051
1052 /// Build the declared type of a static.
1053 fn type_for_static(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: StaticId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1054     let data = db.static_data(def);
1055     let resolver = def.resolver(db.upcast());
1056     let ctx = TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver);
1057
1058     Binders::new(0, ctx.lower_ty(&data.type_ref))
1059 }
1060
1061 fn fn_sig_for_struct_constructor(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: StructId) -> PolyFnSig {
1062     let struct_data = db.struct_data(def);
1063     let fields = struct_data.variant_data.fields();
1064     let resolver = def.resolver(db.upcast());
1065     let ctx =
1066         TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
1067     let params = fields.iter().map(|(_, field)| ctx.lower_ty(&field.type_ref)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
1068     let ret = type_for_adt(db, def.into());
1069     Binders::new(ret.num_binders, CallableSig::from_params_and_return(params, ret.value, false))
1070 }
1071
1072 /// Build the type of a tuple struct constructor.
1073 fn type_for_struct_constructor(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: StructId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1074     let struct_data = db.struct_data(def);
1075     if let StructKind::Unit = struct_data.variant_data.kind() {
1076         return type_for_adt(db, def.into());
1077     }
1078     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), def.into());
1079     let substs = Substitution::bound_vars(&generics, DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST);
1080     Binders::new(
1081         substs.len(),
1082         TyKind::FnDef(CallableDefId::StructId(def).to_chalk(db), substs).intern(&Interner),
1083     )
1084 }
1085
1086 fn fn_sig_for_enum_variant_constructor(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: EnumVariantId) -> PolyFnSig {
1087     let enum_data = db.enum_data(def.parent);
1088     let var_data = &enum_data.variants[def.local_id];
1089     let fields = var_data.variant_data.fields();
1090     let resolver = def.parent.resolver(db.upcast());
1091     let ctx =
1092         TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
1093     let params = fields.iter().map(|(_, field)| ctx.lower_ty(&field.type_ref)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
1094     let ret = type_for_adt(db, def.parent.into());
1095     Binders::new(ret.num_binders, CallableSig::from_params_and_return(params, ret.value, false))
1096 }
1097
1098 /// Build the type of a tuple enum variant constructor.
1099 fn type_for_enum_variant_constructor(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: EnumVariantId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1100     let enum_data = db.enum_data(def.parent);
1101     let var_data = &enum_data.variants[def.local_id].variant_data;
1102     if let StructKind::Unit = var_data.kind() {
1103         return type_for_adt(db, def.parent.into());
1104     }
1105     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), def.parent.into());
1106     let substs = Substitution::bound_vars(&generics, DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST);
1107     Binders::new(
1108         substs.len(),
1109         TyKind::FnDef(CallableDefId::EnumVariantId(def).to_chalk(db), substs).intern(&Interner),
1110     )
1111 }
1112
1113 fn type_for_adt(db: &dyn HirDatabase, adt: AdtId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1114     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), adt.into());
1115     let substs = Substitution::bound_vars(&generics, DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST);
1116     Binders::new(substs.len(), Ty::adt_ty(adt, substs))
1117 }
1118
1119 fn type_for_type_alias(db: &dyn HirDatabase, t: TypeAliasId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1120     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), t.into());
1121     let resolver = t.resolver(db.upcast());
1122     let ctx =
1123         TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
1124     if db.type_alias_data(t).is_extern {
1125         Binders::new(0, TyKind::ForeignType(crate::to_foreign_def_id(t)).intern(&Interner))
1126     } else {
1127         let substs = Substitution::bound_vars(&generics, DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST);
1128         let type_ref = &db.type_alias_data(t).type_ref;
1129         let inner = ctx.lower_ty(type_ref.as_ref().unwrap_or(&TypeRef::Error));
1130         Binders::new(substs.len(), inner)
1131     }
1132 }
1133
1134 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
1135 pub enum CallableDefId {
1136     FunctionId(FunctionId),
1137     StructId(StructId),
1138     EnumVariantId(EnumVariantId),
1139 }
1140 impl_from!(FunctionId, StructId, EnumVariantId for CallableDefId);
1141
1142 impl CallableDefId {
1143     pub fn krate(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> CrateId {
1144         let db = db.upcast();
1145         match self {
1146             CallableDefId::FunctionId(f) => f.lookup(db).module(db),
1147             CallableDefId::StructId(s) => s.lookup(db).container,
1148             CallableDefId::EnumVariantId(e) => e.parent.lookup(db).container,
1149         }
1150         .krate()
1151     }
1152 }
1153
1154 impl From<CallableDefId> for GenericDefId {
1155     fn from(def: CallableDefId) -> GenericDefId {
1156         match def {
1157             CallableDefId::FunctionId(f) => f.into(),
1158             CallableDefId::StructId(s) => s.into(),
1159             CallableDefId::EnumVariantId(e) => e.into(),
1160         }
1161     }
1162 }
1163
1164 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
1165 pub enum TyDefId {
1166     BuiltinType(BuiltinType),
1167     AdtId(AdtId),
1168     TypeAliasId(TypeAliasId),
1169 }
1170 impl_from!(BuiltinType, AdtId(StructId, EnumId, UnionId), TypeAliasId for TyDefId);
1171
1172 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
1173 pub enum ValueTyDefId {
1174     FunctionId(FunctionId),
1175     StructId(StructId),
1176     UnionId(UnionId),
1177     EnumVariantId(EnumVariantId),
1178     ConstId(ConstId),
1179     StaticId(StaticId),
1180 }
1181 impl_from!(FunctionId, StructId, UnionId, EnumVariantId, ConstId, StaticId for ValueTyDefId);
1182
1183 /// Build the declared type of an item. This depends on the namespace; e.g. for
1184 /// `struct Foo(usize)`, we have two types: The type of the struct itself, and
1185 /// the constructor function `(usize) -> Foo` which lives in the values
1186 /// namespace.
1187 pub(crate) fn ty_query(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: TyDefId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1188     match def {
1189         TyDefId::BuiltinType(it) => Binders::new(0, Ty::builtin(it)),
1190         TyDefId::AdtId(it) => type_for_adt(db, it),
1191         TyDefId::TypeAliasId(it) => type_for_type_alias(db, it),
1192     }
1193 }
1194
1195 pub(crate) fn ty_recover(db: &dyn HirDatabase, _cycle: &[String], def: &TyDefId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1196     let num_binders = match *def {
1197         TyDefId::BuiltinType(_) => 0,
1198         TyDefId::AdtId(it) => generics(db.upcast(), it.into()).len(),
1199         TyDefId::TypeAliasId(it) => generics(db.upcast(), it.into()).len(),
1200     };
1201     Binders::new(num_binders, TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner))
1202 }
1203
1204 pub(crate) fn value_ty_query(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: ValueTyDefId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1205     match def {
1206         ValueTyDefId::FunctionId(it) => type_for_fn(db, it),
1207         ValueTyDefId::StructId(it) => type_for_struct_constructor(db, it),
1208         ValueTyDefId::UnionId(it) => type_for_adt(db, it.into()),
1209         ValueTyDefId::EnumVariantId(it) => type_for_enum_variant_constructor(db, it),
1210         ValueTyDefId::ConstId(it) => type_for_const(db, it),
1211         ValueTyDefId::StaticId(it) => type_for_static(db, it),
1212     }
1213 }
1214
1215 pub(crate) fn impl_self_ty_query(db: &dyn HirDatabase, impl_id: ImplId) -> Binders<Ty> {
1216     let impl_data = db.impl_data(impl_id);
1217     let resolver = impl_id.resolver(db.upcast());
1218     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), impl_id.into());
1219     let ctx =
1220         TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
1221     Binders::new(generics.len(), ctx.lower_ty(&impl_data.target_type))
1222 }
1223
1224 pub(crate) fn const_param_ty_query(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: ConstParamId) -> Ty {
1225     let parent_data = db.generic_params(def.parent);
1226     let data = &parent_data.consts[def.local_id];
1227     let resolver = def.parent.resolver(db.upcast());
1228     let ctx = TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver);
1229
1230     ctx.lower_ty(&data.ty)
1231 }
1232
1233 pub(crate) fn impl_self_ty_recover(
1234     db: &dyn HirDatabase,
1235     _cycle: &[String],
1236     impl_id: &ImplId,
1237 ) -> Binders<Ty> {
1238     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), (*impl_id).into());
1239     Binders::new(generics.len(), TyKind::Unknown.intern(&Interner))
1240 }
1241
1242 pub(crate) fn impl_trait_query(db: &dyn HirDatabase, impl_id: ImplId) -> Option<Binders<TraitRef>> {
1243     let impl_data = db.impl_data(impl_id);
1244     let resolver = impl_id.resolver(db.upcast());
1245     let ctx =
1246         TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
1247     let self_ty = db.impl_self_ty(impl_id);
1248     let target_trait = impl_data.target_trait.as_ref()?;
1249     Some(Binders::new(self_ty.num_binders, ctx.lower_trait_ref(target_trait, Some(self_ty.value))?))
1250 }
1251
1252 pub(crate) fn return_type_impl_traits(
1253     db: &dyn HirDatabase,
1254     def: hir_def::FunctionId,
1255 ) -> Option<Arc<Binders<ReturnTypeImplTraits>>> {
1256     // FIXME unify with fn_sig_for_fn instead of doing lowering twice, maybe
1257     let data = db.function_data(def);
1258     let resolver = def.resolver(db.upcast());
1259     let ctx_ret = TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver)
1260         .with_impl_trait_mode(ImplTraitLoweringMode::Opaque)
1261         .with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
1262     let _ret = (&ctx_ret).lower_ty(&data.ret_type);
1263     let generics = generics(db.upcast(), def.into());
1264     let num_binders = generics.len();
1265     let return_type_impl_traits =
1266         ReturnTypeImplTraits { impl_traits: ctx_ret.opaque_type_data.into_inner() };
1267     if return_type_impl_traits.impl_traits.is_empty() {
1268         None
1269     } else {
1270         Some(Arc::new(Binders::new(num_binders, return_type_impl_traits)))
1271     }
1272 }
1273
1274 pub(crate) fn lower_to_chalk_mutability(m: hir_def::type_ref::Mutability) -> Mutability {
1275     match m {
1276         hir_def::type_ref::Mutability::Shared => Mutability::Not,
1277         hir_def::type_ref::Mutability::Mut => Mutability::Mut,
1278     }
1279 }