5 The type checker is responsible for:
7 1. Determining the type of each expression.
8 2. Resolving methods and traits.
9 3. Guaranteeing that most type rules are met. ("Most?", you say, "why most?"
10 Well, dear reader, read on.)
12 The main entry point is [`check_crate()`]. Type checking operates in
15 1. The collect phase first passes over all items and determines their
16 type, without examining their "innards".
18 2. Variance inference then runs to compute the variance of each parameter.
20 3. Coherence checks for overlapping or orphaned impls.
22 4. Finally, the check phase then checks function bodies and so forth.
23 Within the check phase, we check each function body one at a time
24 (bodies of function expressions are checked as part of the
25 containing function). Inference is used to supply types wherever
26 they are unknown. The actual checking of a function itself has
27 several phases (check, regionck, writeback), as discussed in the
28 documentation for the [`check`] module.
30 The type checker is defined into various submodules which are documented
33 - astconv: converts the AST representation of types
34 into the `ty` representation.
36 - collect: computes the types of each top-level item and enters them into
37 the `tcx.types` table for later use.
39 - coherence: enforces coherence rules, builds some tables.
41 - variance: variance inference
43 - outlives: outlives inference
45 - check: walks over function bodies and type checks them, inferring types for
46 local variables, type parameters, etc as necessary.
48 - infer: finds the types to use for each type variable such that
49 all subtyping and assignment constraints are met. In essence, the check
50 module specifies the constraints, and the infer module solves them.
54 This API is completely unstable and subject to change.
58 #![doc(html_root_url = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/")]
59 #![feature(bool_to_option)]
60 #![feature(crate_visibility_modifier)]
61 #![feature(format_args_capture)]
62 #![feature(if_let_guard)]
63 #![feature(in_band_lifetimes)]
64 #![feature(is_sorted)]
67 #![feature(min_specialization)]
69 #![feature(try_blocks)]
70 #![feature(never_type)]
71 #![feature(slice_partition_dedup)]
72 #![feature(control_flow_enum)]
73 #![recursion_limit = "256"]
79 extern crate rustc_middle;
81 // These are used by Clippy.
83 pub mod expr_use_visitor;
90 mod constrained_generic_params;
94 mod mem_categorization;
96 mod structured_errors;
99 use rustc_errors::{struct_span_err, ErrorReported};
100 use rustc_hir as hir;
101 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
102 use rustc_hir::{Node, CRATE_HIR_ID};
103 use rustc_infer::infer::{InferOk, TyCtxtInferExt};
104 use rustc_infer::traits::TraitEngineExt as _;
105 use rustc_middle::middle;
106 use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
107 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
108 use rustc_middle::util;
109 use rustc_session::config::EntryFnType;
110 use rustc_span::{symbol::sym, Span, DUMMY_SP};
111 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
112 use rustc_trait_selection::infer::InferCtxtExt;
113 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::error_reporting::InferCtxtExt as _;
114 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{
115 self, ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode, TraitEngine, TraitEngineExt as _,
120 use astconv::AstConv;
123 fn require_c_abi_if_c_variadic(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, decl: &hir::FnDecl<'_>, abi: Abi, span: Span) {
124 match (decl.c_variadic, abi) {
125 // The function has the correct calling convention, or isn't a "C-variadic" function.
126 (false, _) | (true, Abi::C { .. }) | (true, Abi::Cdecl) => {}
127 // The function is a "C-variadic" function with an incorrect calling convention.
129 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
133 "C-variadic function must have C or cdecl calling convention"
135 err.span_label(span, "C-variadics require C or cdecl calling convention").emit();
140 fn require_same_types<'tcx>(
142 cause: &ObligationCause<'tcx>,
146 tcx.infer_ctxt().enter(|ref infcx| {
147 let param_env = ty::ParamEnv::empty();
148 let mut fulfill_cx = <dyn TraitEngine<'_>>::new(infcx.tcx);
149 match infcx.at(cause, param_env).eq(expected, actual) {
150 Ok(InferOk { obligations, .. }) => {
151 fulfill_cx.register_predicate_obligations(infcx, obligations);
154 infcx.report_mismatched_types(cause, expected, actual, err).emit();
159 match fulfill_cx.select_all_or_error(infcx) {
162 infcx.report_fulfillment_errors(&errors, None, false);
169 fn check_main_fn_ty(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, main_def_id: DefId) {
170 let main_fnsig = tcx.fn_sig(main_def_id);
171 let main_span = tcx.def_span(main_def_id);
173 fn main_fn_diagnostics_hir_id(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId, sp: Span) -> hir::HirId {
174 if let Some(local_def_id) = def_id.as_local() {
175 let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(local_def_id);
176 let hir_type = tcx.type_of(local_def_id);
177 if !matches!(hir_type.kind(), ty::FnDef(..)) {
178 span_bug!(sp, "main has a non-function type: found `{}`", hir_type);
186 fn main_fn_generics_params_span(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Option<Span> {
187 if !def_id.is_local() {
190 let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id.expect_local());
191 match tcx.hir().find(hir_id) {
192 Some(Node::Item(hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::Fn(_, ref generics, _), .. })) => {
193 if !generics.params.is_empty() {
200 span_bug!(tcx.def_span(def_id), "main has a non-function type");
205 fn main_fn_where_clauses_span(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Option<Span> {
206 if !def_id.is_local() {
209 let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id.expect_local());
210 match tcx.hir().find(hir_id) {
211 Some(Node::Item(hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::Fn(_, ref generics, _), .. })) => {
212 generics.where_clause.span()
215 span_bug!(tcx.def_span(def_id), "main has a non-function type");
220 fn main_fn_asyncness_span(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Option<Span> {
221 if !def_id.is_local() {
224 let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id.expect_local());
225 match tcx.hir().find(hir_id) {
226 Some(Node::Item(hir::Item { span: item_span, .. })) => {
227 Some(tcx.sess.source_map().guess_head_span(*item_span))
230 span_bug!(tcx.def_span(def_id), "main has a non-function type");
235 fn main_fn_return_type_span(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Option<Span> {
236 if !def_id.is_local() {
239 let hir_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id.expect_local());
240 match tcx.hir().find(hir_id) {
241 Some(Node::Item(hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::Fn(ref fn_sig, _, _), .. })) => {
242 Some(fn_sig.decl.output.span())
245 span_bug!(tcx.def_span(def_id), "main has a non-function type");
250 let mut error = false;
251 let main_diagnostics_hir_id = main_fn_diagnostics_hir_id(tcx, main_def_id, main_span);
252 let main_fn_generics = tcx.generics_of(main_def_id);
253 let main_fn_predicates = tcx.predicates_of(main_def_id);
254 if main_fn_generics.count() != 0 || !main_fnsig.bound_vars().is_empty() {
255 let generics_param_span = main_fn_generics_params_span(tcx, main_def_id);
256 let msg = "`main` function is not allowed to have generic \
259 struct_span_err!(tcx.sess, generics_param_span.unwrap_or(main_span), E0131, "{}", msg);
260 if let Some(generics_param_span) = generics_param_span {
261 let label = "`main` cannot have generic parameters".to_string();
262 diag.span_label(generics_param_span, label);
266 } else if !main_fn_predicates.predicates.is_empty() {
267 // generics may bring in implicit predicates, so we skip this check if generics is present.
268 let generics_where_clauses_span = main_fn_where_clauses_span(tcx, main_def_id);
269 let mut diag = struct_span_err!(
271 generics_where_clauses_span.unwrap_or(main_span),
273 "`main` function is not allowed to have a `where` clause"
275 if let Some(generics_where_clauses_span) = generics_where_clauses_span {
276 diag.span_label(generics_where_clauses_span, "`main` cannot have a `where` clause");
282 let main_asyncness = tcx.asyncness(main_def_id);
283 if let hir::IsAsync::Async = main_asyncness {
284 let mut diag = struct_span_err!(
288 "`main` function is not allowed to be `async`"
290 let asyncness_span = main_fn_asyncness_span(tcx, main_def_id);
291 if let Some(asyncness_span) = asyncness_span {
292 diag.span_label(asyncness_span, "`main` function is not allowed to be `async`");
298 for attr in tcx.get_attrs(main_def_id) {
299 if attr.has_name(sym::track_caller) {
303 "`main` function is not allowed to be `#[track_caller]`",
305 .span_label(main_span, "`main` function is not allowed to be `#[track_caller]`")
315 let expected_return_type;
316 if let Some(term_id) = tcx.lang_items().termination() {
317 let return_ty = main_fnsig.output();
318 let return_ty_span = main_fn_return_type_span(tcx, main_def_id).unwrap_or(main_span);
319 if !return_ty.bound_vars().is_empty() {
320 let msg = "`main` function return type is not allowed to have generic \
323 struct_span_err!(tcx.sess, return_ty_span, E0131, "{}", msg).emit();
326 let return_ty = return_ty.skip_binder();
327 tcx.infer_ctxt().enter(|infcx| {
328 let cause = traits::ObligationCause::new(
330 main_diagnostics_hir_id,
331 ObligationCauseCode::MainFunctionType,
333 let mut fulfillment_cx = traits::FulfillmentContext::new();
334 // normalize any potential projections in the return type, then add
335 // any possible obligations to the fulfillment context.
336 // HACK(ThePuzzlemaker) this feels symptomatic of a problem within
337 // checking trait fulfillment, not this here. I'm not sure why it
338 // works in the example in `fn test()` given in #88609? This also
339 // probably isn't the best way to do this.
340 let InferOk { value: norm_return_ty, obligations } = infcx
341 .partially_normalize_associated_types_in(
343 ty::ParamEnv::empty(),
346 fulfillment_cx.register_predicate_obligations(&infcx, obligations);
347 fulfillment_cx.register_bound(
349 ty::ParamEnv::empty(),
354 if let Err(err) = fulfillment_cx.select_all_or_error(&infcx) {
355 infcx.report_fulfillment_errors(&err, None, false);
359 // now we can take the return type of the given main function
360 expected_return_type = main_fnsig.output();
362 // standard () main return type
363 expected_return_type = ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.mk_unit());
370 let se_ty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(expected_return_type.map_bound(|expected_return_type| {
371 tcx.mk_fn_sig(iter::empty(), expected_return_type, false, hir::Unsafety::Normal, Abi::Rust)
376 &ObligationCause::new(
378 main_diagnostics_hir_id,
379 ObligationCauseCode::MainFunctionType,
382 tcx.mk_fn_ptr(main_fnsig),
385 fn check_start_fn_ty(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, start_def_id: DefId) {
386 let start_def_id = start_def_id.expect_local();
387 let start_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id_to_hir_id(start_def_id);
388 let start_span = tcx.def_span(start_def_id);
389 let start_t = tcx.type_of(start_def_id);
390 match start_t.kind() {
392 if let Some(Node::Item(it)) = tcx.hir().find(start_id) {
393 if let hir::ItemKind::Fn(ref sig, ref generics, _) = it.kind {
394 let mut error = false;
395 if !generics.params.is_empty() {
400 "start function is not allowed to have type parameters"
402 .span_label(generics.span, "start function cannot have type parameters")
406 if let Some(sp) = generics.where_clause.span() {
411 "start function is not allowed to have a `where` clause"
413 .span_label(sp, "start function cannot have a `where` clause")
417 if let hir::IsAsync::Async = sig.header.asyncness {
418 let span = tcx.sess.source_map().guess_head_span(it.span);
423 "`start` is not allowed to be `async`"
425 .span_label(span, "`start` is not allowed to be `async`")
430 let attrs = tcx.hir().attrs(start_id);
432 if attr.has_name(sym::track_caller) {
436 "`start` is not allowed to be `#[track_caller]`",
440 "`start` is not allowed to be `#[track_caller]`",
453 let se_ty = tcx.mk_fn_ptr(ty::Binder::dummy(tcx.mk_fn_sig(
454 [tcx.types.isize, tcx.mk_imm_ptr(tcx.mk_imm_ptr(tcx.types.u8))].iter().cloned(),
457 hir::Unsafety::Normal,
463 &ObligationCause::new(start_span, start_id, ObligationCauseCode::StartFunctionType),
465 tcx.mk_fn_ptr(tcx.fn_sig(start_def_id)),
469 span_bug!(start_span, "start has a non-function type: found `{}`", start_t);
474 fn check_for_entry_fn(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
475 match tcx.entry_fn(()) {
476 Some((def_id, EntryFnType::Main)) => check_main_fn_ty(tcx, def_id),
477 Some((def_id, EntryFnType::Start)) => check_start_fn_ty(tcx, def_id),
482 pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
483 collect::provide(providers);
484 coherence::provide(providers);
485 check::provide(providers);
486 variance::provide(providers);
487 outlives::provide(providers);
488 impl_wf_check::provide(providers);
489 hir_wf_check::provide(providers);
492 pub fn check_crate(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> Result<(), ErrorReported> {
493 let _prof_timer = tcx.sess.timer("type_check_crate");
495 // this ensures that later parts of type checking can assume that items
496 // have valid types and not error
497 // FIXME(matthewjasper) We shouldn't need to use `track_errors`.
498 tcx.sess.track_errors(|| {
499 tcx.sess.time("type_collecting", || {
500 tcx.hir().for_each_module(|module| tcx.ensure().collect_mod_item_types(module))
504 if tcx.features().rustc_attrs {
505 tcx.sess.track_errors(|| {
506 tcx.sess.time("outlives_testing", || outlives::test::test_inferred_outlives(tcx));
510 tcx.sess.track_errors(|| {
511 tcx.sess.time("impl_wf_inference", || impl_wf_check::impl_wf_check(tcx));
514 tcx.sess.track_errors(|| {
515 tcx.sess.time("coherence_checking", || coherence::check_coherence(tcx));
518 if tcx.features().rustc_attrs {
519 tcx.sess.track_errors(|| {
520 tcx.sess.time("variance_testing", || variance::test::test_variance(tcx));
524 tcx.sess.track_errors(|| {
525 tcx.sess.time("wf_checking", || check::check_wf_new(tcx));
528 // NOTE: This is copy/pasted in librustdoc/core.rs and should be kept in sync.
529 tcx.sess.time("item_types_checking", || {
530 tcx.hir().for_each_module(|module| tcx.ensure().check_mod_item_types(module))
533 tcx.sess.time("item_bodies_checking", || tcx.typeck_item_bodies(()));
535 check_unused::check_crate(tcx);
536 check_for_entry_fn(tcx);
538 if tcx.sess.err_count() == 0 { Ok(()) } else { Err(ErrorReported) }
541 /// A quasi-deprecated helper used in rustdoc and clippy to get
542 /// the type from a HIR node.
543 pub fn hir_ty_to_ty<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, hir_ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
544 // In case there are any projections, etc., find the "environment"
545 // def-ID that will be used to determine the traits/predicates in
546 // scope. This is derived from the enclosing item-like thing.
547 let env_node_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(hir_ty.hir_id);
548 let env_def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(env_node_id);
549 let item_cx = self::collect::ItemCtxt::new(tcx, env_def_id.to_def_id());
550 <dyn AstConv<'_>>::ast_ty_to_ty(&item_cx, hir_ty)
553 pub fn hir_trait_to_predicates<'tcx>(
555 hir_trait: &hir::TraitRef<'_>,
558 // In case there are any projections, etc., find the "environment"
559 // def-ID that will be used to determine the traits/predicates in
560 // scope. This is derived from the enclosing item-like thing.
561 let env_hir_id = tcx.hir().get_parent_item(hir_trait.hir_ref_id);
562 let env_def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(env_hir_id);
563 let item_cx = self::collect::ItemCtxt::new(tcx, env_def_id.to_def_id());
564 let mut bounds = Bounds::default();
565 let _ = <dyn AstConv<'_>>::instantiate_poly_trait_ref(
569 ty::BoundConstness::NotConst,