3 pub mod on_unimplemented;
7 FulfillmentError, FulfillmentErrorCode, MismatchedProjectionTypes, Obligation, ObligationCause,
8 ObligationCauseCode, ObligationCtxt, OutputTypeParameterMismatch, Overflow,
9 PredicateObligation, SelectionContext, SelectionError, TraitNotObjectSafe,
11 use crate::infer::error_reporting::{TyCategory, TypeAnnotationNeeded as ErrorCode};
12 use crate::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
13 use crate::infer::{self, InferCtxt};
14 use crate::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt as _;
15 use crate::traits::query::normalize::QueryNormalizeExt as _;
16 use crate::traits::specialize::to_pretty_impl_header;
17 use crate::traits::NormalizeExt;
18 use on_unimplemented::OnUnimplementedNote;
19 use on_unimplemented::TypeErrCtxtExt as _;
20 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxIndexMap};
22 pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability, Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed,
26 use rustc_hir::def::Namespace;
27 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
28 use rustc_hir::intravisit::Visitor;
29 use rustc_hir::GenericParam;
32 use rustc_infer::infer::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxt;
33 use rustc_infer::infer::{InferOk, TypeTrace};
34 use rustc_middle::traits::select::OverflowError;
35 use rustc_middle::ty::abstract_const::NotConstEvaluatable;
36 use rustc_middle::ty::error::{ExpectedFound, TypeError};
37 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::{TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable};
38 use rustc_middle::ty::print::{with_forced_trimmed_paths, FmtPrinter, Print};
39 use rustc_middle::ty::{
40 self, SubtypePredicate, ToPolyTraitRef, ToPredicate, TraitRef, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable,
43 use rustc_session::config::TraitSolver;
44 use rustc_session::Limit;
45 use rustc_span::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
46 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
47 use rustc_span::{ExpnKind, Span, DUMMY_SP};
50 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
51 use suggestions::TypeErrCtxtExt as _;
53 pub use rustc_infer::traits::error_reporting::*;
55 // When outputting impl candidates, prefer showing those that are more similar.
57 // We also compare candidates after skipping lifetimes, which has a lower
58 // priority than exact matches.
59 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
60 pub enum CandidateSimilarity {
61 Exact { ignoring_lifetimes: bool },
62 Fuzzy { ignoring_lifetimes: bool },
65 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
66 pub struct ImplCandidate<'tcx> {
67 pub trait_ref: ty::TraitRef<'tcx>,
68 pub similarity: CandidateSimilarity,
71 pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
72 /// Given some node representing a fn-like thing in the HIR map,
73 /// returns a span and `ArgKind` information that describes the
74 /// arguments it expects. This can be supplied to
75 /// `report_arg_count_mismatch`.
76 fn get_fn_like_arguments(&self, node: Node<'_>) -> Option<(Span, Option<Span>, Vec<ArgKind>)>;
78 /// Reports an error when the number of arguments needed by a
79 /// trait match doesn't match the number that the expression
81 fn report_arg_count_mismatch(
84 found_span: Option<Span>,
85 expected_args: Vec<ArgKind>,
86 found_args: Vec<ArgKind>,
88 closure_pipe_span: Option<Span>,
89 ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx, ErrorGuaranteed>;
91 /// Checks if the type implements one of `Fn`, `FnMut`, or `FnOnce`
92 /// in that order, and returns the generic type corresponding to the
93 /// argument of that trait (corresponding to the closure arguments).
94 fn type_implements_fn_trait(
96 param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
97 ty: ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>,
98 constness: ty::BoundConstness,
99 polarity: ty::ImplPolarity,
100 ) -> Result<(ty::ClosureKind, ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>), ()>;
103 pub trait TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> {
104 fn report_overflow_error<T>(
108 suggest_increasing_limit: bool,
109 mutate: impl FnOnce(&mut Diagnostic),
114 + Print<'tcx, FmtPrinter<'tcx, 'tcx>, Output = FmtPrinter<'tcx, 'tcx>>,
115 <T as Print<'tcx, FmtPrinter<'tcx, 'tcx>>>::Error: std::fmt::Debug;
117 fn report_fulfillment_errors(
119 errors: &[FulfillmentError<'tcx>],
120 body_id: Option<hir::BodyId>,
121 ) -> ErrorGuaranteed;
123 fn report_overflow_obligation<T>(
125 obligation: &Obligation<'tcx, T>,
126 suggest_increasing_limit: bool,
129 T: ToPredicate<'tcx> + Clone;
131 fn suggest_new_overflow_limit(&self, err: &mut Diagnostic);
133 fn report_overflow_obligation_cycle(&self, cycle: &[PredicateObligation<'tcx>]) -> !;
135 /// The `root_obligation` parameter should be the `root_obligation` field
136 /// from a `FulfillmentError`. If no `FulfillmentError` is available,
137 /// then it should be the same as `obligation`.
138 fn report_selection_error(
140 obligation: PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
141 root_obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
142 error: &SelectionError<'tcx>,
146 impl<'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
147 /// Given some node representing a fn-like thing in the HIR map,
148 /// returns a span and `ArgKind` information that describes the
149 /// arguments it expects. This can be supplied to
150 /// `report_arg_count_mismatch`.
151 fn get_fn_like_arguments(&self, node: Node<'_>) -> Option<(Span, Option<Span>, Vec<ArgKind>)> {
152 let sm = self.tcx.sess.source_map();
153 let hir = self.tcx.hir();
155 Node::Expr(&hir::Expr {
156 kind: hir::ExprKind::Closure(&hir::Closure { body, fn_decl_span, fn_arg_span, .. }),
165 if let hir::Pat { kind: hir::PatKind::Tuple(ref args, _), span, .. } =
172 sm.span_to_snippet(pat.span)
174 .map(|snippet| (snippet, "_".to_owned()))
176 .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()?,
179 let name = sm.span_to_snippet(arg.pat.span).ok()?;
180 Some(ArgKind::Arg(name, "_".to_owned()))
183 .collect::<Option<Vec<ArgKind>>>()?,
185 Node::Item(&hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::Fn(ref sig, ..), .. })
186 | Node::ImplItem(&hir::ImplItem { kind: hir::ImplItemKind::Fn(ref sig, _), .. })
187 | Node::TraitItem(&hir::TraitItem {
188 kind: hir::TraitItemKind::Fn(ref sig, _), ..
195 .map(|arg| match arg.kind {
196 hir::TyKind::Tup(ref tys) => ArgKind::Tuple(
198 vec![("_".to_owned(), "_".to_owned()); tys.len()],
200 _ => ArgKind::empty(),
202 .collect::<Vec<ArgKind>>(),
204 Node::Ctor(ref variant_data) => {
205 let span = variant_data.ctor_hir_id().map_or(DUMMY_SP, |id| hir.span(id));
206 (span, None, vec![ArgKind::empty(); variant_data.fields().len()])
208 _ => panic!("non-FnLike node found: {:?}", node),
212 /// Reports an error when the number of arguments needed by a
213 /// trait match doesn't match the number that the expression
215 fn report_arg_count_mismatch(
218 found_span: Option<Span>,
219 expected_args: Vec<ArgKind>,
220 found_args: Vec<ArgKind>,
222 closure_arg_span: Option<Span>,
223 ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx, ErrorGuaranteed> {
224 let kind = if is_closure { "closure" } else { "function" };
226 let args_str = |arguments: &[ArgKind], other: &[ArgKind]| {
227 let arg_length = arguments.len();
228 let distinct = matches!(other, &[ArgKind::Tuple(..)]);
229 match (arg_length, arguments.get(0)) {
230 (1, Some(ArgKind::Tuple(_, fields))) => {
231 format!("a single {}-tuple as argument", fields.len())
236 if distinct && arg_length > 1 { "distinct " } else { "" },
237 pluralize!(arg_length)
242 let expected_str = args_str(&expected_args, &found_args);
243 let found_str = args_str(&found_args, &expected_args);
245 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
249 "{} is expected to take {}, but it takes {}",
255 err.span_label(span, format!("expected {} that takes {}", kind, expected_str));
257 if let Some(found_span) = found_span {
258 err.span_label(found_span, format!("takes {}", found_str));
260 // Suggest to take and ignore the arguments with expected_args_length `_`s if
261 // found arguments is empty (assume the user just wants to ignore args in this case).
262 // For example, if `expected_args_length` is 2, suggest `|_, _|`.
263 if found_args.is_empty() && is_closure {
264 let underscores = vec!["_"; expected_args.len()].join(", ");
265 err.span_suggestion_verbose(
266 closure_arg_span.unwrap_or(found_span),
268 "consider changing the closure to take and ignore the expected argument{}",
269 pluralize!(expected_args.len())
271 format!("|{}|", underscores),
272 Applicability::MachineApplicable,
276 if let &[ArgKind::Tuple(_, ref fields)] = &found_args[..] {
277 if fields.len() == expected_args.len() {
280 .map(|(name, _)| name.to_owned())
281 .collect::<Vec<String>>()
283 err.span_suggestion_verbose(
285 "change the closure to take multiple arguments instead of a single tuple",
286 format!("|{}|", sugg),
287 Applicability::MachineApplicable,
291 if let &[ArgKind::Tuple(_, ref fields)] = &expected_args[..]
292 && fields.len() == found_args.len()
299 .map(|arg| match arg {
300 ArgKind::Arg(name, _) => name.to_owned(),
303 .collect::<Vec<String>>()
305 // add type annotations if available
306 if found_args.iter().any(|arg| match arg {
307 ArgKind::Arg(_, ty) => ty != "_",
314 .map(|(_, ty)| ty.to_owned())
315 .collect::<Vec<String>>()
322 err.span_suggestion_verbose(
324 "change the closure to accept a tuple instead of individual arguments",
326 Applicability::MachineApplicable,
334 fn type_implements_fn_trait(
336 param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
337 ty: ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>,
338 constness: ty::BoundConstness,
339 polarity: ty::ImplPolarity,
340 ) -> Result<(ty::ClosureKind, ty::Binder<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>>), ()> {
341 self.commit_if_ok(|_| {
342 for trait_def_id in [
343 self.tcx.lang_items().fn_trait(),
344 self.tcx.lang_items().fn_mut_trait(),
345 self.tcx.lang_items().fn_once_trait(),
347 let Some(trait_def_id) = trait_def_id else { continue };
348 // Make a fresh inference variable so we can determine what the substitutions
350 let var = self.next_ty_var(TypeVariableOrigin {
352 kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::MiscVariable,
354 let trait_ref = self.tcx.mk_trait_ref(trait_def_id, [ty.skip_binder(), var]);
355 let obligation = Obligation::new(
357 ObligationCause::dummy(),
359 ty.rebind(ty::TraitPredicate { trait_ref, constness, polarity }),
361 let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(self);
362 ocx.register_obligation(obligation);
363 if ocx.select_all_or_error().is_empty() {
366 .fn_trait_kind_from_def_id(trait_def_id)
367 .expect("expected to map DefId to ClosureKind"),
368 ty.rebind(self.resolve_vars_if_possible(var)),
377 impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
378 fn report_fulfillment_errors(
380 errors: &[FulfillmentError<'tcx>],
381 body_id: Option<hir::BodyId>,
382 ) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
384 struct ErrorDescriptor<'tcx> {
385 predicate: ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
386 index: Option<usize>, // None if this is an old error
389 let mut error_map: FxIndexMap<_, Vec<_>> = self
390 .reported_trait_errors
393 .map(|(&span, predicates)| {
398 .map(|&predicate| ErrorDescriptor { predicate, index: None })
404 for (index, error) in errors.iter().enumerate() {
405 // We want to ignore desugarings here: spans are equivalent even
406 // if one is the result of a desugaring and the other is not.
407 let mut span = error.obligation.cause.span;
408 let expn_data = span.ctxt().outer_expn_data();
409 if let ExpnKind::Desugaring(_) = expn_data.kind {
410 span = expn_data.call_site;
413 error_map.entry(span).or_default().push(ErrorDescriptor {
414 predicate: error.obligation.predicate,
418 self.reported_trait_errors
422 .push(error.obligation.predicate);
425 // We do this in 2 passes because we want to display errors in order, though
426 // maybe it *is* better to sort errors by span or something.
427 let mut is_suppressed = vec![false; errors.len()];
428 for (_, error_set) in error_map.iter() {
429 // We want to suppress "duplicate" errors with the same span.
430 for error in error_set {
431 if let Some(index) = error.index {
432 // Suppress errors that are either:
433 // 1) strictly implied by another error.
434 // 2) implied by an error with a smaller index.
435 for error2 in error_set {
436 if error2.index.map_or(false, |index2| is_suppressed[index2]) {
437 // Avoid errors being suppressed by already-suppressed
438 // errors, to prevent all errors from being suppressed
443 if self.error_implies(error2.predicate, error.predicate)
444 && !(error2.index >= error.index
445 && self.error_implies(error.predicate, error2.predicate))
447 info!("skipping {:?} (implied by {:?})", error, error2);
448 is_suppressed[index] = true;
456 for (error, suppressed) in iter::zip(errors, is_suppressed) {
458 self.report_fulfillment_error(error, body_id);
462 self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(DUMMY_SP, "expected fullfillment errors")
465 /// Reports that an overflow has occurred and halts compilation. We
466 /// halt compilation unconditionally because it is important that
467 /// overflows never be masked -- they basically represent computations
468 /// whose result could not be truly determined and thus we can't say
469 /// if the program type checks or not -- and they are unusual
470 /// occurrences in any case.
471 fn report_overflow_error<T>(
475 suggest_increasing_limit: bool,
476 mutate: impl FnOnce(&mut Diagnostic),
481 + Print<'tcx, FmtPrinter<'tcx, 'tcx>, Output = FmtPrinter<'tcx, 'tcx>>,
482 <T as Print<'tcx, FmtPrinter<'tcx, 'tcx>>>::Error: std::fmt::Debug,
484 let predicate = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(predicate.clone());
485 let mut pred_str = predicate.to_string();
487 if pred_str.len() > 50 {
488 // We don't need to save the type to a file, we will be talking about this type already
489 // in a separate note when we explain the obligation, so it will be available that way.
491 .print(FmtPrinter::new_with_limit(
494 rustc_session::Limit(6),
499 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
503 "overflow evaluating the requirement `{}`",
507 if suggest_increasing_limit {
508 self.suggest_new_overflow_limit(&mut err);
514 self.tcx.sess.abort_if_errors();
518 /// Reports that an overflow has occurred and halts compilation. We
519 /// halt compilation unconditionally because it is important that
520 /// overflows never be masked -- they basically represent computations
521 /// whose result could not be truly determined and thus we can't say
522 /// if the program type checks or not -- and they are unusual
523 /// occurrences in any case.
524 fn report_overflow_obligation<T>(
526 obligation: &Obligation<'tcx, T>,
527 suggest_increasing_limit: bool,
530 T: ToPredicate<'tcx> + Clone,
532 let predicate = obligation.predicate.clone().to_predicate(self.tcx);
533 let predicate = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(predicate);
534 self.report_overflow_error(
536 obligation.cause.span,
537 suggest_increasing_limit,
539 self.note_obligation_cause_code(
542 obligation.param_env,
543 obligation.cause.code(),
545 &mut Default::default(),
551 fn suggest_new_overflow_limit(&self, err: &mut Diagnostic) {
552 let suggested_limit = match self.tcx.recursion_limit() {
553 Limit(0) => Limit(2),
557 "consider increasing the recursion limit by adding a \
558 `#![recursion_limit = \"{}\"]` attribute to your crate (`{}`)",
560 self.tcx.crate_name(LOCAL_CRATE),
564 /// Reports that a cycle was detected which led to overflow and halts
565 /// compilation. This is equivalent to `report_overflow_obligation` except
566 /// that we can give a more helpful error message (and, in particular,
567 /// we do not suggest increasing the overflow limit, which is not
569 fn report_overflow_obligation_cycle(&self, cycle: &[PredicateObligation<'tcx>]) -> ! {
570 let cycle = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(cycle.to_owned());
571 assert!(!cycle.is_empty());
573 debug!(?cycle, "report_overflow_error_cycle");
575 // The 'deepest' obligation is most likely to have a useful
577 self.report_overflow_obligation(
578 cycle.iter().max_by_key(|p| p.recursion_depth).unwrap(),
583 fn report_selection_error(
585 mut obligation: PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
586 root_obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
587 error: &SelectionError<'tcx>,
590 let mut span = obligation.cause.span;
591 // FIXME: statically guarantee this by tainting after the diagnostic is emitted
592 self.set_tainted_by_errors(
593 tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, "`report_selection_error` did not emit an error"),
596 let mut err = match *error {
597 SelectionError::Unimplemented => {
598 // If this obligation was generated as a result of well-formedness checking, see if we
599 // can get a better error message by performing HIR-based well-formedness checking.
600 if let ObligationCauseCode::WellFormed(Some(wf_loc)) =
601 root_obligation.cause.code().peel_derives()
602 && !obligation.predicate.has_non_region_infer()
604 if let Some(cause) = self
606 .diagnostic_hir_wf_check((tcx.erase_regions(obligation.predicate), *wf_loc))
608 obligation.cause = cause.clone();
609 span = obligation.cause.span;
612 if let ObligationCauseCode::CompareImplItemObligation {
616 } = *obligation.cause.code()
618 self.report_extra_impl_obligation(
622 &format!("`{}`", obligation.predicate),
628 let bound_predicate = obligation.predicate.kind();
629 match bound_predicate.skip_binder() {
630 ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(trait_predicate)) => {
631 let trait_predicate = bound_predicate.rebind(trait_predicate);
632 let mut trait_predicate = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(trait_predicate);
634 trait_predicate.remap_constness_diag(obligation.param_env);
635 let predicate_is_const = ty::BoundConstness::ConstIfConst
636 == trait_predicate.skip_binder().constness;
638 if self.tcx.sess.has_errors().is_some()
639 && trait_predicate.references_error()
643 let trait_ref = trait_predicate.to_poly_trait_ref();
644 let (post_message, pre_message, type_def) = self
645 .get_parent_trait_ref(obligation.cause.code())
648 format!(" in `{}`", t),
649 format!("within `{}`, ", t),
650 s.map(|s| (format!("within this `{}`", t), s)),
653 .unwrap_or_default();
655 let OnUnimplementedNote {
661 } = self.on_unimplemented_note(trait_ref, &obligation);
662 let have_alt_message = message.is_some() || label.is_some();
663 let is_try_conversion = self.is_try_conversion(span, trait_ref.def_id());
665 Some(trait_ref.def_id()) == self.tcx.lang_items().unsize_trait();
666 let (message, note, append_const_msg) = if is_try_conversion {
669 "`?` couldn't convert the error to `{}`",
670 trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty(),
673 "the question mark operation (`?`) implicitly performs a \
674 conversion on the error value using the `From` trait"
680 (message, note, append_const_msg)
683 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
689 .and_then(|cannot_do_this| {
690 match (predicate_is_const, append_const_msg) {
691 // do nothing if predicate is not const
692 (false, _) => Some(cannot_do_this),
693 // suggested using default post message
694 (true, Some(None)) => {
695 Some(format!("{cannot_do_this} in const contexts"))
697 // overridden post message
698 (true, Some(Some(post_message))) => {
699 Some(format!("{cannot_do_this}{post_message}"))
701 // fallback to generic message
702 (true, None) => None,
705 .unwrap_or_else(|| format!(
706 "the trait bound `{}` is not satisfied{}",
707 trait_predicate, post_message,
711 if is_try_conversion && let Some(ret_span) = self.return_type_span(&obligation) {
715 "expected `{}` because of this",
716 trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty()
721 if Some(trait_ref.def_id()) == tcx.lang_items().tuple_trait() {
722 match obligation.cause.code().peel_derives() {
723 ObligationCauseCode::RustCall => {
724 err.set_primary_message("functions with the \"rust-call\" ABI must take a single non-self tuple argument");
726 ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(def_id, _)
727 | ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(def_id)
728 if tcx.is_fn_trait(*def_id) =>
730 err.code(rustc_errors::error_code!(E0059));
731 err.set_primary_message(format!(
732 "type parameter to bare `{}` trait must be a tuple",
733 tcx.def_path_str(*def_id)
740 if Some(trait_ref.def_id()) == tcx.lang_items().drop_trait()
741 && predicate_is_const
743 err.note("`~const Drop` was renamed to `~const Destruct`");
744 err.note("See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/94901> for more details");
747 let explanation = if let ObligationCauseCode::MainFunctionType =
748 obligation.cause.code()
750 "consider using `()`, or a `Result`".to_owned()
752 let ty_desc = match trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty().kind() {
753 ty::FnDef(_, _) => Some("fn item"),
754 ty::Closure(_, _) => Some("closure"),
759 Some(desc) => format!(
760 "{}the trait `{}` is not implemented for {} `{}`",
762 trait_predicate.print_modifiers_and_trait_path(),
764 trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty(),
767 "{}the trait `{}` is not implemented for `{}`",
769 trait_predicate.print_modifiers_and_trait_path(),
770 trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty(),
774 self.check_for_binding_assigned_block_without_tail_expression(
779 if self.suggest_add_reference_to_arg(
785 self.note_obligation_cause(&mut err, &obligation);
789 if let Some(ref s) = label {
790 // If it has a custom `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]`
791 // error message, let's display it as the label!
792 err.span_label(span, s);
793 if !matches!(trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty().kind(), ty::Param(_)) {
794 // When the self type is a type param We don't need to "the trait
795 // `std::marker::Sized` is not implemented for `T`" as we will point
796 // at the type param with a label to suggest constraining it.
797 err.help(&explanation);
800 err.span_label(span, explanation);
803 if let ObligationCauseCode::ObjectCastObligation(concrete_ty, obj_ty) = obligation.cause.code().peel_derives() &&
804 Some(trait_ref.def_id()) == self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait() {
805 self.suggest_borrowing_for_object_cast(&mut err, &root_obligation, *concrete_ty, *obj_ty);
808 let mut unsatisfied_const = false;
809 if trait_predicate.is_const_if_const() && obligation.param_env.is_const() {
810 let non_const_predicate = trait_ref.without_const();
811 let non_const_obligation = Obligation {
812 cause: obligation.cause.clone(),
813 param_env: obligation.param_env.without_const(),
814 predicate: non_const_predicate.to_predicate(tcx),
815 recursion_depth: obligation.recursion_depth,
817 if self.predicate_may_hold(&non_const_obligation) {
818 unsatisfied_const = true;
822 "the trait `{}` is implemented for `{}`, \
823 but that implementation is not `const`",
824 non_const_predicate.print_modifiers_and_trait_path(),
825 trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty(),
831 if let Some((msg, span)) = type_def {
832 err.span_label(span, &msg);
834 if let Some(ref s) = note {
835 // If it has a custom `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` note, let's display it
836 err.note(s.as_str());
838 if let Some(ref s) = parent_label {
841 .opt_local_def_id(obligation.cause.body_id)
843 tcx.hir().body_owner_def_id(hir::BodyId {
844 hir_id: obligation.cause.body_id,
847 err.span_label(tcx.def_span(body), s);
850 self.suggest_floating_point_literal(&obligation, &mut err, &trait_ref);
851 self.suggest_dereferencing_index(&obligation, &mut err, trait_predicate);
853 self.suggest_dereferences(&obligation, &mut err, trait_predicate);
854 suggested |= self.suggest_fn_call(&obligation, &mut err, trait_predicate);
856 self.suggest_remove_reference(&obligation, &mut err, trait_predicate);
857 suggested |= self.suggest_semicolon_removal(
863 self.note_version_mismatch(&mut err, &trait_ref);
864 self.suggest_remove_await(&obligation, &mut err);
865 self.suggest_derive(&obligation, &mut err, trait_predicate);
867 if Some(trait_ref.def_id()) == tcx.lang_items().try_trait() {
868 self.suggest_await_before_try(
876 if self.suggest_impl_trait(&mut err, span, &obligation, trait_predicate) {
882 // If the obligation failed due to a missing implementation of the
883 // `Unsize` trait, give a pointer to why that might be the case
885 "all implementations of `Unsize` are provided \
886 automatically by the compiler, see \
887 <https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/marker/trait.Unsize.html> \
888 for more information",
892 let is_fn_trait = tcx.is_fn_trait(trait_ref.def_id());
893 let is_target_feature_fn = if let ty::FnDef(def_id, _) =
894 *trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty().kind()
896 !self.tcx.codegen_fn_attrs(def_id).target_features.is_empty()
900 if is_fn_trait && is_target_feature_fn {
902 "`#[target_feature]` functions do not implement the `Fn` traits",
906 // Try to report a help message
908 && let Ok((implemented_kind, params)) = self.type_implements_fn_trait(
909 obligation.param_env,
911 trait_predicate.skip_binder().constness,
912 trait_predicate.skip_binder().polarity,
915 // If the type implements `Fn`, `FnMut`, or `FnOnce`, suppress the following
916 // suggestion to add trait bounds for the type, since we only typically implement
917 // these traits once.
919 // Note if the `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is less general than the trait we're trying
922 self.tcx.fn_trait_kind_from_def_id(trait_ref.def_id())
923 .expect("expected to map DefId to ClosureKind");
924 if !implemented_kind.extends(selected_kind) {
927 "`{}` implements `{}`, but it must implement `{}`, which is more general",
928 trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty(),
935 // Note any argument mismatches
936 let given_ty = params.skip_binder();
937 let expected_ty = trait_ref.skip_binder().substs.type_at(1);
938 if let ty::Tuple(given) = given_ty.kind()
939 && let ty::Tuple(expected) = expected_ty.kind()
941 if expected.len() != given.len() {
942 // Note number of types that were expected and given
945 "expected a closure taking {} argument{}, but one taking {} argument{} was given",
947 pluralize!(given.len()),
949 pluralize!(expected.len()),
952 } else if !self.same_type_modulo_infer(given_ty, expected_ty) {
953 // Print type mismatch
954 let (expected_args, given_args) =
955 self.cmp(given_ty, expected_ty);
956 err.note_expected_found(
957 &"a closure with arguments",
959 &"a closure with arguments",
964 } else if !trait_ref.has_non_region_infer()
965 && self.predicate_can_apply(obligation.param_env, trait_predicate)
967 // If a where-clause may be useful, remind the
968 // user that they can add it.
970 // don't display an on-unimplemented note, as
971 // these notes will often be of the form
972 // "the type `T` can't be frobnicated"
973 // which is somewhat confusing.
974 self.suggest_restricting_param_bound(
978 obligation.cause.body_id,
980 } else if !suggested && !unsatisfied_const {
981 // Can't show anything else useful, try to find similar impls.
982 let impl_candidates = self.find_similar_impl_candidates(trait_predicate);
983 if !self.report_similar_impl_candidates(
986 obligation.cause.body_id,
990 // This is *almost* equivalent to
991 // `obligation.cause.code().peel_derives()`, but it gives us the
992 // trait predicate for that corresponding root obligation. This
993 // lets us get a derived obligation from a type parameter, like
994 // when calling `string.strip_suffix(p)` where `p` is *not* an
995 // implementer of `Pattern<'_>`.
996 let mut code = obligation.cause.code();
997 let mut trait_pred = trait_predicate;
998 let mut peeled = false;
999 while let Some((parent_code, parent_trait_pred)) = code.parent() {
1001 if let Some(parent_trait_pred) = parent_trait_pred {
1002 trait_pred = parent_trait_pred;
1006 let def_id = trait_pred.def_id();
1007 // Mention *all* the `impl`s for the *top most* obligation, the
1008 // user might have meant to use one of them, if any found. We skip
1009 // auto-traits or fundamental traits that might not be exactly what
1010 // the user might expect to be presented with. Instead this is
1011 // useful for less general traits.
1013 && !self.tcx.trait_is_auto(def_id)
1014 && !self.tcx.lang_items().iter().any(|(_, id)| id == def_id)
1016 let trait_ref = trait_pred.to_poly_trait_ref();
1017 let impl_candidates =
1018 self.find_similar_impl_candidates(trait_pred);
1019 self.report_similar_impl_candidates(
1022 obligation.cause.body_id,
1030 // Changing mutability doesn't make a difference to whether we have
1031 // an `Unsize` impl (Fixes ICE in #71036)
1033 self.suggest_change_mut(&obligation, &mut err, trait_predicate);
1036 // If this error is due to `!: Trait` not implemented but `(): Trait` is
1037 // implemented, and fallback has occurred, then it could be due to a
1038 // variable that used to fallback to `()` now falling back to `!`. Issue a
1039 // note informing about the change in behaviour.
1040 if trait_predicate.skip_binder().self_ty().is_never()
1041 && self.fallback_has_occurred
1043 let predicate = trait_predicate.map_bound(|trait_pred| {
1044 trait_pred.with_self_ty(self.tcx, self.tcx.mk_unit())
1046 let unit_obligation = obligation.with(tcx, predicate);
1047 if self.predicate_may_hold(&unit_obligation) {
1049 "this error might have been caused by changes to \
1050 Rust's type-inference algorithm (see issue #48950 \
1051 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/48950> \
1052 for more information)",
1054 err.help("did you intend to use the type `()` here instead?");
1058 // Return early if the trait is Debug or Display and the invocation
1059 // originates within a standard library macro, because the output
1060 // is otherwise overwhelming and unhelpful (see #85844 for an
1064 match obligation.cause.span.ctxt().outer_expn_data().macro_def_id {
1065 Some(macro_def_id) => {
1066 let crate_name = tcx.crate_name(macro_def_id.krate);
1067 crate_name == sym::std || crate_name == sym::core
1074 self.tcx.get_diagnostic_name(trait_ref.def_id()),
1075 Some(sym::Debug | sym::Display)
1085 ty::PredicateKind::Subtype(predicate) => {
1086 // Errors for Subtype predicates show up as
1087 // `FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeSubtypeError`,
1088 // not selection error.
1089 span_bug!(span, "subtype requirement gave wrong error: `{:?}`", predicate)
1092 ty::PredicateKind::Coerce(predicate) => {
1093 // Errors for Coerce predicates show up as
1094 // `FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeSubtypeError`,
1095 // not selection error.
1096 span_bug!(span, "coerce requirement gave wrong error: `{:?}`", predicate)
1099 ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::RegionOutlives(..))
1100 | ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(..))
1101 | ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::TypeOutlives(..)) => {
1102 let predicate = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(obligation.predicate);
1107 "the requirement `{}` is not satisfied",
1112 ty::PredicateKind::ObjectSafe(trait_def_id) => {
1113 let violations = self.tcx.object_safety_violations(trait_def_id);
1114 report_object_safety_error(self.tcx, span, trait_def_id, violations)
1117 ty::PredicateKind::ClosureKind(closure_def_id, closure_substs, kind) => {
1118 let found_kind = self.closure_kind(closure_substs).unwrap();
1119 let closure_span = self.tcx.def_span(closure_def_id);
1120 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
1124 "expected a closure that implements the `{}` trait, \
1125 but this closure only implements `{}`",
1132 format!("this closure implements `{}`, not `{}`", found_kind, kind),
1135 obligation.cause.span,
1136 format!("the requirement to implement `{}` derives from here", kind),
1139 // Additional context information explaining why the closure only implements
1140 // a particular trait.
1141 if let Some(typeck_results) = &self.typeck_results {
1145 .local_def_id_to_hir_id(closure_def_id.expect_local());
1146 match (found_kind, typeck_results.closure_kind_origins().get(hir_id)) {
1147 (ty::ClosureKind::FnOnce, Some((span, place))) => {
1151 "closure is `FnOnce` because it moves the \
1152 variable `{}` out of its environment",
1153 ty::place_to_string_for_capture(tcx, place)
1157 (ty::ClosureKind::FnMut, Some((span, place))) => {
1161 "closure is `FnMut` because it mutates the \
1162 variable `{}` here",
1163 ty::place_to_string_for_capture(tcx, place)
1174 ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(ty) => {
1175 if self.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.trait_solver == TraitSolver::Classic {
1176 // WF predicates cannot themselves make
1177 // errors. They can only block due to
1178 // ambiguity; otherwise, they always
1179 // degenerate into other obligations
1180 // (which may fail).
1181 span_bug!(span, "WF predicate not satisfied for {:?}", ty);
1183 // FIXME: we'll need a better message which takes into account
1184 // which bounds actually failed to hold.
1185 self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err(
1187 &format!("the type `{}` is not well-formed", ty),
1192 ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(..) => {
1193 // Errors for `ConstEvaluatable` predicates show up as
1194 // `SelectionError::ConstEvalFailure`,
1195 // not `Unimplemented`.
1198 "const-evaluatable requirement gave wrong error: `{:?}`",
1203 ty::PredicateKind::ConstEquate(..) => {
1204 // Errors for `ConstEquate` predicates show up as
1205 // `SelectionError::ConstEvalFailure`,
1206 // not `Unimplemented`.
1209 "const-equate requirement gave wrong error: `{:?}`",
1214 ty::PredicateKind::Ambiguous => span_bug!(span, "ambiguous"),
1216 ty::PredicateKind::TypeWellFormedFromEnv(..) => span_bug!(
1218 "TypeWellFormedFromEnv predicate should only exist in the environment"
1223 OutputTypeParameterMismatch(
1226 terr @ TypeError::CyclicTy(_),
1228 let self_ty = found_trait_ref.self_ty().skip_binder();
1229 let (cause, terr) = if let ty::Closure(def_id, _) = self_ty.kind() {
1231 ObligationCause::dummy_with_span(tcx.def_span(def_id)),
1232 TypeError::CyclicTy(self_ty),
1235 (obligation.cause.clone(), terr)
1237 self.report_and_explain_type_error(
1238 TypeTrace::poly_trait_refs(&cause, true, expected_trait_ref, found_trait_ref),
1242 OutputTypeParameterMismatch(found_trait_ref, expected_trait_ref, _) => {
1243 let found_trait_ref = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(found_trait_ref);
1244 let expected_trait_ref = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(expected_trait_ref);
1246 if expected_trait_ref.self_ty().references_error() {
1250 let Some(found_trait_ty) = found_trait_ref.self_ty().no_bound_vars() else {
1254 let found_did = match *found_trait_ty.kind() {
1258 | ty::Generator(did, ..) => Some(did),
1259 ty::Adt(def, _) => Some(def.did()),
1263 let found_node = found_did.and_then(|did| self.tcx.hir().get_if_local(did));
1264 let found_span = found_did.and_then(|did| self.tcx.hir().span_if_local(did));
1266 if self.reported_closure_mismatch.borrow().contains(&(span, found_span)) {
1267 // We check closures twice, with obligations flowing in different directions,
1268 // but we want to complain about them only once.
1272 self.reported_closure_mismatch.borrow_mut().insert((span, found_span));
1274 let mut not_tupled = false;
1276 let found = match found_trait_ref.skip_binder().substs.type_at(1).kind() {
1277 ty::Tuple(ref tys) => vec![ArgKind::empty(); tys.len()],
1280 vec![ArgKind::empty()]
1284 let expected_ty = expected_trait_ref.skip_binder().substs.type_at(1);
1285 let expected = match expected_ty.kind() {
1286 ty::Tuple(ref tys) => {
1287 tys.iter().map(|t| ArgKind::from_expected_ty(t, Some(span))).collect()
1291 vec![ArgKind::Arg("_".to_owned(), expected_ty.to_string())]
1295 // If this is a `Fn` family trait and either the expected or found
1296 // is not tupled, then fall back to just a regular mismatch error.
1297 // This shouldn't be common unless manually implementing one of the
1298 // traits manually, but don't make it more confusing when it does
1300 if Some(expected_trait_ref.def_id()) != tcx.lang_items().gen_trait() && not_tupled {
1301 self.report_and_explain_type_error(
1302 TypeTrace::poly_trait_refs(
1308 ty::error::TypeError::Mismatch,
1310 } else if found.len() == expected.len() {
1311 self.report_closure_arg_mismatch(
1316 obligation.cause.code(),
1320 let (closure_span, closure_arg_span, found) = found_did
1322 let node = self.tcx.hir().get_if_local(did)?;
1323 let (found_span, closure_arg_span, found) =
1324 self.get_fn_like_arguments(node)?;
1325 Some((Some(found_span), closure_arg_span, found))
1327 .unwrap_or((found_span, None, found));
1329 self.report_arg_count_mismatch(
1334 found_trait_ty.is_closure(),
1340 TraitNotObjectSafe(did) => {
1341 let violations = self.tcx.object_safety_violations(did);
1342 report_object_safety_error(self.tcx, span, did, violations)
1345 SelectionError::NotConstEvaluatable(NotConstEvaluatable::MentionsInfer) => {
1347 "MentionsInfer should have been handled in `traits/fulfill.rs` or `traits/select/mod.rs`"
1350 SelectionError::NotConstEvaluatable(NotConstEvaluatable::MentionsParam) => {
1351 if !self.tcx.features().generic_const_exprs {
1352 let mut err = self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err(
1354 "constant expression depends on a generic parameter",
1356 // FIXME(const_generics): we should suggest to the user how they can resolve this
1357 // issue. However, this is currently not actually possible
1358 // (see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/66962#issuecomment-575907083).
1360 // Note that with `feature(generic_const_exprs)` this case should not
1362 err.note("this may fail depending on what value the parameter takes");
1367 match obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
1368 ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(ct) => {
1369 let ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(uv) = ct.kind() else {
1370 bug!("const evaluatable failed for non-unevaluated const `{ct:?}`");
1373 self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err(span, "unconstrained generic constant");
1374 let const_span = self.tcx.def_span(uv.def.did);
1375 match self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(const_span) {
1376 Ok(snippet) => err.help(&format!(
1377 "try adding a `where` bound using this expression: `where [(); {}]:`",
1380 _ => err.help("consider adding a `where` bound using this expression"),
1387 "unexpected non-ConstEvaluatable predicate, this should not be reachable"
1393 // Already reported in the query.
1394 SelectionError::NotConstEvaluatable(NotConstEvaluatable::Error(_)) => {
1395 // FIXME(eddyb) remove this once `ErrorGuaranteed` becomes a proof token.
1396 self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, "`ErrorGuaranteed` without an error");
1399 // Already reported.
1400 Overflow(OverflowError::Error(_)) => {
1401 self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, "`OverflowError` has been reported");
1405 bug!("overflow should be handled before the `report_selection_error` path");
1407 SelectionError::ErrorReporting => {
1408 bug!("ErrorReporting Overflow should not reach `report_selection_err` call")
1412 self.note_obligation_cause(&mut err, &obligation);
1413 self.point_at_returns_when_relevant(&mut err, &obligation);
1418 trait InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> {
1419 // returns if `cond` not occurring implies that `error` does not occur - i.e., that
1420 // `error` occurring implies that `cond` occurs.
1421 fn error_implies(&self, cond: ty::Predicate<'tcx>, error: ty::Predicate<'tcx>) -> bool;
1423 fn report_fulfillment_error(
1425 error: &FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
1426 body_id: Option<hir::BodyId>,
1429 fn report_projection_error(
1431 obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
1432 error: &MismatchedProjectionTypes<'tcx>,
1435 fn maybe_detailed_projection_msg(
1437 pred: ty::ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>,
1438 normalized_ty: ty::Term<'tcx>,
1439 expected_ty: ty::Term<'tcx>,
1440 ) -> Option<String>;
1446 ignoring_lifetimes: bool,
1447 ) -> Option<CandidateSimilarity>;
1449 fn describe_generator(&self, body_id: hir::BodyId) -> Option<&'static str>;
1451 fn find_similar_impl_candidates(
1453 trait_pred: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
1454 ) -> Vec<ImplCandidate<'tcx>>;
1456 fn report_similar_impl_candidates(
1458 impl_candidates: Vec<ImplCandidate<'tcx>>,
1459 trait_ref: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>,
1460 body_id: hir::HirId,
1461 err: &mut Diagnostic,
1465 /// Gets the parent trait chain start
1466 fn get_parent_trait_ref(
1468 code: &ObligationCauseCode<'tcx>,
1469 ) -> Option<(String, Option<Span>)>;
1471 /// If the `Self` type of the unsatisfied trait `trait_ref` implements a trait
1472 /// with the same path as `trait_ref`, a help message about
1473 /// a probable version mismatch is added to `err`
1474 fn note_version_mismatch(
1476 err: &mut Diagnostic,
1477 trait_ref: &ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>,
1480 /// Creates a `PredicateObligation` with `new_self_ty` replacing the existing type in the
1483 /// For this to work, `new_self_ty` must have no escaping bound variables.
1484 fn mk_trait_obligation_with_new_self_ty(
1486 param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
1487 trait_ref_and_ty: ty::Binder<'tcx, (ty::TraitPredicate<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)>,
1488 ) -> PredicateObligation<'tcx>;
1490 fn maybe_report_ambiguity(
1492 obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
1493 body_id: Option<hir::BodyId>,
1496 fn predicate_can_apply(
1498 param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
1499 pred: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
1502 fn note_obligation_cause(&self, err: &mut Diagnostic, obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>);
1504 fn suggest_unsized_bound_if_applicable(
1506 err: &mut Diagnostic,
1507 obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
1510 fn annotate_source_of_ambiguity(
1512 err: &mut Diagnostic,
1513 impls: &[ambiguity::Ambiguity],
1514 predicate: ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
1517 fn maybe_suggest_unsized_generics(&self, err: &mut Diagnostic, span: Span, node: Node<'tcx>);
1519 fn maybe_indirection_for_unsized(
1521 err: &mut Diagnostic,
1522 item: &'tcx Item<'tcx>,
1523 param: &'tcx GenericParam<'tcx>,
1526 fn is_recursive_obligation(
1528 obligated_types: &mut Vec<Ty<'tcx>>,
1529 cause_code: &ObligationCauseCode<'tcx>,
1533 impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
1534 // returns if `cond` not occurring implies that `error` does not occur - i.e., that
1535 // `error` occurring implies that `cond` occurs.
1536 fn error_implies(&self, cond: ty::Predicate<'tcx>, error: ty::Predicate<'tcx>) -> bool {
1541 // FIXME: It should be possible to deal with `ForAll` in a cleaner way.
1542 let bound_error = error.kind();
1543 let (cond, error) = match (cond.kind().skip_binder(), bound_error.skip_binder()) {
1545 ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(..)),
1546 ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(error)),
1547 ) => (cond, bound_error.rebind(error)),
1549 // FIXME: make this work in other cases too.
1554 for obligation in super::elaborate_predicates(self.tcx, std::iter::once(cond)) {
1555 let bound_predicate = obligation.predicate.kind();
1556 if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(implication)) =
1557 bound_predicate.skip_binder()
1559 let error = error.to_poly_trait_ref();
1560 let implication = bound_predicate.rebind(implication.trait_ref);
1561 // FIXME: I'm just not taking associated types at all here.
1562 // Eventually I'll need to implement param-env-aware
1563 // `Γ₁ ⊦ φ₁ => Γ₂ ⊦ φ₂` logic.
1564 let param_env = ty::ParamEnv::empty();
1565 if self.can_sub(param_env, error, implication).is_ok() {
1566 debug!("error_implies: {:?} -> {:?} -> {:?}", cond, error, implication);
1575 #[instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
1576 fn report_fulfillment_error(
1578 error: &FulfillmentError<'tcx>,
1579 body_id: Option<hir::BodyId>,
1582 FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeSelectionError(ref selection_error) => {
1583 self.report_selection_error(
1584 error.obligation.clone(),
1585 &error.root_obligation,
1589 FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeProjectionError(ref e) => {
1590 self.report_projection_error(&error.obligation, e);
1592 FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeAmbiguity => {
1593 self.maybe_report_ambiguity(&error.obligation, body_id);
1595 FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeSubtypeError(ref expected_found, ref err) => {
1596 self.report_mismatched_types(
1597 &error.obligation.cause,
1598 expected_found.expected,
1599 expected_found.found,
1604 FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeConstEquateError(ref expected_found, ref err) => {
1605 let mut diag = self.report_mismatched_consts(
1606 &error.obligation.cause,
1607 expected_found.expected,
1608 expected_found.found,
1611 let code = error.obligation.cause.code().peel_derives().peel_match_impls();
1612 if let ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(..)
1613 | ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(..)
1614 | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(..)
1615 | ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(..) = code
1617 self.note_obligation_cause_code(
1619 error.obligation.predicate,
1620 error.obligation.param_env,
1623 &mut Default::default(),
1628 FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeCycle(ref cycle) => {
1629 self.report_overflow_obligation_cycle(cycle);
1634 #[instrument(level = "debug", skip_all)]
1635 fn report_projection_error(
1637 obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
1638 error: &MismatchedProjectionTypes<'tcx>,
1640 let predicate = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(obligation.predicate);
1642 if predicate.references_error() {
1647 let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(self);
1649 // try to find the mismatched types to report the error with.
1651 // this can fail if the problem was higher-ranked, in which
1652 // cause I have no idea for a good error message.
1653 let bound_predicate = predicate.kind();
1654 let (values, err) = if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(data)) =
1655 bound_predicate.skip_binder()
1657 let data = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(
1658 obligation.cause.span,
1659 infer::LateBoundRegionConversionTime::HigherRankedType,
1660 bound_predicate.rebind(data),
1662 let unnormalized_term = match data.term.unpack() {
1663 ty::TermKind::Ty(_) => self
1665 .mk_projection(data.projection_ty.def_id, data.projection_ty.substs)
1667 ty::TermKind::Const(ct) => self
1670 ty::UnevaluatedConst {
1671 def: ty::WithOptConstParam::unknown(data.projection_ty.def_id),
1672 substs: data.projection_ty.substs,
1678 let normalized_term =
1679 ocx.normalize(&obligation.cause, obligation.param_env, unnormalized_term);
1681 debug!(?obligation.cause, ?obligation.param_env);
1683 debug!(?normalized_term, data.ty = ?data.term);
1685 let is_normalized_term_expected = !matches!(
1686 obligation.cause.code().peel_derives(),
1687 ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(_)
1688 | ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, _)
1689 | ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(..)
1690 | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(..)
1691 | ObligationCauseCode::ObjectCastObligation(..)
1692 | ObligationCauseCode::OpaqueType
1695 // constrain inference variables a bit more to nested obligations from normalize so
1696 // we can have more helpful errors.
1697 ocx.select_where_possible();
1699 if let Err(new_err) = ocx.eq_exp(
1701 obligation.param_env,
1702 is_normalized_term_expected,
1706 (Some((data, is_normalized_term_expected, normalized_term, data.term)), new_err)
1715 .and_then(|(predicate, _, normalized_term, expected_term)| {
1716 self.maybe_detailed_projection_msg(predicate, normalized_term, expected_term)
1718 .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("type mismatch resolving `{}`", predicate));
1719 let mut diag = struct_span_err!(self.tcx.sess, obligation.cause.span, E0271, "{msg}");
1721 let secondary_span = match predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
1722 ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(proj)) => self
1724 .opt_associated_item(proj.projection_ty.def_id)
1725 .and_then(|trait_assoc_item| {
1727 .trait_of_item(proj.projection_ty.def_id)
1728 .map(|id| (trait_assoc_item, id))
1730 .and_then(|(trait_assoc_item, id)| {
1731 let trait_assoc_ident = trait_assoc_item.ident(self.tcx);
1732 self.tcx.find_map_relevant_impl(id, proj.projection_ty.self_ty(), |did| {
1734 .associated_items(did)
1735 .in_definition_order()
1736 .find(|assoc| assoc.ident(self.tcx) == trait_assoc_ident)
1739 .and_then(|item| match self.tcx.hir().get_if_local(item.def_id) {
1741 hir::Node::TraitItem(hir::TraitItem {
1742 kind: hir::TraitItemKind::Type(_, Some(ty)),
1745 | hir::Node::ImplItem(hir::ImplItem {
1746 kind: hir::ImplItemKind::Type(ty),
1749 ) => Some((ty.span, format!("type mismatch resolving `{}`", predicate))),
1758 values.map(|(_, is_normalized_ty_expected, normalized_ty, expected_ty)| {
1759 infer::ValuePairs::Terms(ExpectedFound::new(
1760 is_normalized_ty_expected,
1769 self.note_obligation_cause(&mut diag, obligation);
1774 fn maybe_detailed_projection_msg(
1776 pred: ty::ProjectionPredicate<'tcx>,
1777 normalized_ty: ty::Term<'tcx>,
1778 expected_ty: ty::Term<'tcx>,
1779 ) -> Option<String> {
1780 let trait_def_id = pred.projection_ty.trait_def_id(self.tcx);
1781 let self_ty = pred.projection_ty.self_ty();
1783 with_forced_trimmed_paths! {
1784 if Some(pred.projection_ty.def_id) == self.tcx.lang_items().fn_once_output() {
1786 "expected `{self_ty}` to be a {fn_kind} that returns `{expected_ty}`, but it \
1787 returns `{normalized_ty}`",
1788 fn_kind = self_ty.prefix_string(self.tcx)
1790 } else if Some(trait_def_id) == self.tcx.lang_items().future_trait() {
1792 "expected `{self_ty}` to be a future that resolves to `{expected_ty}`, but it \
1793 resolves to `{normalized_ty}`"
1795 } else if Some(trait_def_id) == self.tcx.get_diagnostic_item(sym::Iterator) {
1797 "expected `{self_ty}` to be an iterator that yields `{expected_ty}`, but it \
1798 yields `{normalized_ty}`"
1810 ignoring_lifetimes: bool,
1811 ) -> Option<CandidateSimilarity> {
1812 /// returns the fuzzy category of a given type, or None
1813 /// if the type can be equated to any type.
1814 fn type_category(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, t: Ty<'_>) -> Option<u32> {
1816 ty::Bool => Some(0),
1817 ty::Char => Some(1),
1819 ty::Adt(def, _) if Some(def.did()) == tcx.lang_items().string() => Some(2),
1823 | ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(..) | ty::FloatVar(..)) => Some(4),
1824 ty::Ref(..) | ty::RawPtr(..) => Some(5),
1825 ty::Array(..) | ty::Slice(..) => Some(6),
1826 ty::FnDef(..) | ty::FnPtr(..) => Some(7),
1827 ty::Dynamic(..) => Some(8),
1828 ty::Closure(..) => Some(9),
1829 ty::Tuple(..) => Some(10),
1830 ty::Param(..) => Some(11),
1831 ty::Alias(ty::Projection, ..) => Some(12),
1832 ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ..) => Some(13),
1833 ty::Never => Some(14),
1834 ty::Adt(..) => Some(15),
1835 ty::Generator(..) => Some(16),
1836 ty::Foreign(..) => Some(17),
1837 ty::GeneratorWitness(..) => Some(18),
1838 ty::Placeholder(..) | ty::Bound(..) | ty::Infer(..) | ty::Error(_) => None,
1842 let strip_references = |mut t: Ty<'tcx>| -> Ty<'tcx> {
1845 ty::Ref(_, inner, _) | ty::RawPtr(ty::TypeAndMut { ty: inner, .. }) => {
1853 if !ignoring_lifetimes {
1854 a = strip_references(a);
1855 b = strip_references(b);
1858 let cat_a = type_category(self.tcx, a)?;
1859 let cat_b = type_category(self.tcx, b)?;
1861 Some(CandidateSimilarity::Exact { ignoring_lifetimes })
1862 } else if cat_a == cat_b {
1863 match (a.kind(), b.kind()) {
1864 (ty::Adt(def_a, _), ty::Adt(def_b, _)) => def_a == def_b,
1865 (ty::Foreign(def_a), ty::Foreign(def_b)) => def_a == def_b,
1866 // Matching on references results in a lot of unhelpful
1867 // suggestions, so let's just not do that for now.
1869 // We still upgrade successful matches to `ignoring_lifetimes: true`
1870 // to prioritize that impl.
1871 (ty::Ref(..) | ty::RawPtr(..), ty::Ref(..) | ty::RawPtr(..)) => {
1872 self.fuzzy_match_tys(a, b, true).is_some()
1876 .then_some(CandidateSimilarity::Fuzzy { ignoring_lifetimes })
1877 } else if ignoring_lifetimes {
1880 self.fuzzy_match_tys(a, b, true)
1884 fn describe_generator(&self, body_id: hir::BodyId) -> Option<&'static str> {
1885 self.tcx.hir().body(body_id).generator_kind.map(|gen_kind| match gen_kind {
1886 hir::GeneratorKind::Gen => "a generator",
1887 hir::GeneratorKind::Async(hir::AsyncGeneratorKind::Block) => "an async block",
1888 hir::GeneratorKind::Async(hir::AsyncGeneratorKind::Fn) => "an async function",
1889 hir::GeneratorKind::Async(hir::AsyncGeneratorKind::Closure) => "an async closure",
1893 fn find_similar_impl_candidates(
1895 trait_pred: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
1896 ) -> Vec<ImplCandidate<'tcx>> {
1897 let mut candidates: Vec<_> = self
1899 .all_impls(trait_pred.def_id())
1900 .filter_map(|def_id| {
1901 if self.tcx.impl_polarity(def_id) == ty::ImplPolarity::Negative
1904 .is_constness_satisfied_by(self.tcx.constness(def_id))
1909 let imp = self.tcx.impl_trait_ref(def_id).unwrap();
1911 self.fuzzy_match_tys(trait_pred.skip_binder().self_ty(), imp.self_ty(), false)
1912 .map(|similarity| ImplCandidate { trait_ref: imp, similarity })
1915 if candidates.iter().any(|c| matches!(c.similarity, CandidateSimilarity::Exact { .. })) {
1916 // If any of the candidates is a perfect match, we don't want to show all of them.
1917 // This is particularly relevant for the case of numeric types (as they all have the
1919 candidates.retain(|c| matches!(c.similarity, CandidateSimilarity::Exact { .. }));
1924 fn report_similar_impl_candidates(
1926 impl_candidates: Vec<ImplCandidate<'tcx>>,
1927 trait_ref: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>,
1928 body_id: hir::HirId,
1929 err: &mut Diagnostic,
1932 let other = if other { "other " } else { "" };
1933 let report = |mut candidates: Vec<TraitRef<'tcx>>, err: &mut Diagnostic| {
1936 let len = candidates.len();
1937 if candidates.len() == 0 {
1940 if candidates.len() == 1 {
1941 let ty_desc = match candidates[0].self_ty().kind() {
1942 ty::FnPtr(_) => Some("fn pointer"),
1945 let the_desc = match ty_desc {
1946 Some(desc) => format!(" implemented for {} `", desc),
1947 None => " implemented for `".to_string(),
1949 err.highlighted_help(vec![
1951 format!("the trait `{}` ", candidates[0].print_only_trait_path()),
1954 ("is".to_string(), Style::Highlight),
1955 (the_desc, Style::NoStyle),
1956 (candidates[0].self_ty().to_string(), Style::Highlight),
1957 ("`".to_string(), Style::NoStyle),
1961 let trait_ref = TraitRef::identity(self.tcx, candidates[0].def_id);
1962 // Check if the trait is the same in all cases. If so, we'll only show the type.
1963 let mut traits: Vec<_> =
1964 candidates.iter().map(|c| c.print_only_trait_path().to_string()).collect();
1968 let mut candidates: Vec<String> = candidates
1971 if traits.len() == 1 {
1972 format!("\n {}", c.self_ty())
1981 let end = if candidates.len() <= 9 { candidates.len() } else { 8 };
1983 "the following {other}types implement trait `{}`:{}{}",
1984 trait_ref.print_only_trait_path(),
1985 candidates[..end].join(""),
1986 if len > 9 { format!("\nand {} others", len - 8) } else { String::new() }
1991 let def_id = trait_ref.def_id();
1992 if impl_candidates.is_empty() {
1993 if self.tcx.trait_is_auto(def_id)
1994 || self.tcx.lang_items().iter().any(|(_, id)| id == def_id)
1995 || self.tcx.get_diagnostic_name(def_id).is_some()
1997 // Mentioning implementers of `Copy`, `Debug` and friends is not useful.
2000 let normalized_impl_candidates: Vec<_> = self
2003 // Ignore automatically derived impls and `!Trait` impls.
2005 self.tcx.impl_polarity(def_id) != ty::ImplPolarity::Negative
2006 || self.tcx.is_builtin_derive(def_id)
2008 .filter_map(|def_id| self.tcx.impl_trait_ref(def_id))
2009 .filter(|trait_ref| {
2010 let self_ty = trait_ref.self_ty();
2011 // Avoid mentioning type parameters.
2012 if let ty::Param(_) = self_ty.kind() {
2015 // Avoid mentioning types that are private to another crate
2016 else if let ty::Adt(def, _) = self_ty.peel_refs().kind() {
2017 // FIXME(compiler-errors): This could be generalized, both to
2018 // be more granular, and probably look past other `#[fundamental]`
2021 .visibility(def.did())
2022 .is_accessible_from(body_id.owner.def_id, self.tcx)
2028 return report(normalized_impl_candidates, err);
2031 // Sort impl candidates so that ordering is consistent for UI tests.
2032 // because the ordering of `impl_candidates` may not be deterministic:
2033 // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/57475#issuecomment-455519507
2035 // Prefer more similar candidates first, then sort lexicographically
2036 // by their normalized string representation.
2037 let mut normalized_impl_candidates_and_similarities = impl_candidates
2039 .map(|ImplCandidate { trait_ref, similarity }| {
2040 // FIXME(compiler-errors): This should be using `NormalizeExt::normalize`
2041 let normalized = self
2042 .at(&ObligationCause::dummy(), ty::ParamEnv::empty())
2043 .query_normalize(trait_ref)
2044 .map_or(trait_ref, |normalized| normalized.value);
2045 (similarity, normalized)
2047 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
2048 normalized_impl_candidates_and_similarities.sort();
2049 normalized_impl_candidates_and_similarities.dedup();
2051 let normalized_impl_candidates = normalized_impl_candidates_and_similarities
2053 .map(|(_, normalized)| normalized)
2054 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
2056 report(normalized_impl_candidates, err)
2059 /// Gets the parent trait chain start
2060 fn get_parent_trait_ref(
2062 code: &ObligationCauseCode<'tcx>,
2063 ) -> Option<(String, Option<Span>)> {
2065 ObligationCauseCode::BuiltinDerivedObligation(data) => {
2066 let parent_trait_ref = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(data.parent_trait_pred);
2067 match self.get_parent_trait_ref(&data.parent_code) {
2070 let ty = parent_trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty();
2071 let span = TyCategory::from_ty(self.tcx, ty)
2072 .map(|(_, def_id)| self.tcx.def_span(def_id));
2073 Some((ty.to_string(), span))
2077 ObligationCauseCode::FunctionArgumentObligation { parent_code, .. } => {
2078 self.get_parent_trait_ref(&parent_code)
2084 /// If the `Self` type of the unsatisfied trait `trait_ref` implements a trait
2085 /// with the same path as `trait_ref`, a help message about
2086 /// a probable version mismatch is added to `err`
2087 fn note_version_mismatch(
2089 err: &mut Diagnostic,
2090 trait_ref: &ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>,
2092 let get_trait_impl = |trait_def_id| {
2093 self.tcx.find_map_relevant_impl(trait_def_id, trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty(), Some)
2095 let required_trait_path = self.tcx.def_path_str(trait_ref.def_id());
2096 let traits_with_same_path: std::collections::BTreeSet<_> = self
2099 .filter(|trait_def_id| *trait_def_id != trait_ref.def_id())
2100 .filter(|trait_def_id| self.tcx.def_path_str(*trait_def_id) == required_trait_path)
2102 let mut suggested = false;
2103 for trait_with_same_path in traits_with_same_path {
2104 if let Some(impl_def_id) = get_trait_impl(trait_with_same_path) {
2105 let impl_span = self.tcx.def_span(impl_def_id);
2106 err.span_help(impl_span, "trait impl with same name found");
2107 let trait_crate = self.tcx.crate_name(trait_with_same_path.krate);
2108 let crate_msg = format!(
2109 "perhaps two different versions of crate `{}` are being used?",
2112 err.note(&crate_msg);
2119 fn mk_trait_obligation_with_new_self_ty(
2121 param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
2122 trait_ref_and_ty: ty::Binder<'tcx, (ty::TraitPredicate<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>)>,
2123 ) -> PredicateObligation<'tcx> {
2125 trait_ref_and_ty.map_bound(|(tr, new_self_ty)| tr.with_self_ty(self.tcx, new_self_ty));
2127 Obligation::new(self.tcx, ObligationCause::dummy(), param_env, trait_pred)
2130 #[instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
2131 fn maybe_report_ambiguity(
2133 obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
2134 body_id: Option<hir::BodyId>,
2136 // Unable to successfully determine, probably means
2137 // insufficient type information, but could mean
2138 // ambiguous impls. The latter *ought* to be a
2139 // coherence violation, so we don't report it here.
2141 let predicate = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(obligation.predicate);
2142 let span = obligation.cause.span;
2144 debug!(?predicate, obligation.cause.code = ?obligation.cause.code());
2146 // Ambiguity errors are often caused as fallout from earlier errors.
2147 // We ignore them if this `infcx` is tainted in some cases below.
2149 let bound_predicate = predicate.kind();
2150 let mut err = match bound_predicate.skip_binder() {
2151 ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(data)) => {
2152 let trait_ref = bound_predicate.rebind(data.trait_ref);
2155 if predicate.references_error() {
2159 // This is kind of a hack: it frequently happens that some earlier
2160 // error prevents types from being fully inferred, and then we get
2161 // a bunch of uninteresting errors saying something like "<generic
2162 // #0> doesn't implement Sized". It may even be true that we
2163 // could just skip over all checks where the self-ty is an
2164 // inference variable, but I was afraid that there might be an
2165 // inference variable created, registered as an obligation, and
2166 // then never forced by writeback, and hence by skipping here we'd
2167 // be ignoring the fact that we don't KNOW the type works
2168 // out. Though even that would probably be harmless, given that
2169 // we're only talking about builtin traits, which are known to be
2170 // inhabited. We used to check for `self.tcx.sess.has_errors()` to
2171 // avoid inundating the user with unnecessary errors, but we now
2172 // check upstream for type errors and don't add the obligations to
2173 // begin with in those cases.
2174 if self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait() == Some(trait_ref.def_id()) {
2175 if let None = self.tainted_by_errors() {
2176 self.emit_inference_failure_err(
2179 trait_ref.self_ty().skip_binder().into(),
2188 // Typically, this ambiguity should only happen if
2189 // there are unresolved type inference variables
2190 // (otherwise it would suggest a coherence
2191 // failure). But given #21974 that is not necessarily
2192 // the case -- we can have multiple where clauses that
2193 // are only distinguished by a region, which results
2194 // in an ambiguity even when all types are fully
2195 // known, since we don't dispatch based on region
2198 // Pick the first substitution that still contains inference variables as the one
2199 // we're going to emit an error for. If there are none (see above), fall back to
2200 // a more general error.
2201 let subst = data.trait_ref.substs.iter().find(|s| s.has_non_region_infer());
2203 let mut err = if let Some(subst) = subst {
2204 self.emit_inference_failure_err(body_id, span, subst, ErrorCode::E0283, true)
2210 "type annotations needed: cannot satisfy `{}`",
2215 let obligation = obligation.with(self.tcx, trait_ref);
2216 let mut selcx = SelectionContext::new(&self);
2217 match selcx.select_from_obligation(&obligation) {
2220 ambiguity::recompute_applicable_impls(self.infcx, &obligation);
2221 let has_non_region_infer =
2222 trait_ref.skip_binder().substs.types().any(|t| !t.is_ty_infer());
2223 // It doesn't make sense to talk about applicable impls if there are more
2224 // than a handful of them.
2225 if ambiguities.len() > 1 && ambiguities.len() < 10 && has_non_region_infer {
2226 if self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() && subst.is_none() {
2227 // If `subst.is_none()`, then this is probably two param-env
2228 // candidates or impl candidates that are equal modulo lifetimes.
2229 // Therefore, if we've already emitted an error, just skip this
2230 // one, since it's not particularly actionable.
2234 self.annotate_source_of_ambiguity(&mut err, &ambiguities, predicate);
2236 if self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() {
2240 err.note(&format!("cannot satisfy `{}`", predicate));
2241 let impl_candidates = self.find_similar_impl_candidates(
2242 predicate.to_opt_poly_trait_pred().unwrap(),
2244 if impl_candidates.len() < 10 {
2245 self.report_similar_impl_candidates(
2248 body_id.map(|id| id.hir_id).unwrap_or(obligation.cause.body_id),
2256 if self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() {
2260 err.note(&format!("cannot satisfy `{}`", predicate));
2264 if let ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(def_id)
2265 | ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(def_id, ..) = *obligation.cause.code()
2267 self.suggest_fully_qualified_path(&mut err, def_id, span, trait_ref.def_id());
2270 if let (Some(body_id), Some(ty::subst::GenericArgKind::Type(_))) =
2271 (body_id, subst.map(|subst| subst.unpack()))
2273 let mut expr_finder = FindExprBySpan::new(span);
2274 expr_finder.visit_expr(&self.tcx.hir().body(body_id).value);
2276 if let Some(hir::Expr {
2277 kind: hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(None, path)), .. }
2278 ) = expr_finder.result
2281 trait_path_segment @ hir::PathSegment {
2282 res: rustc_hir::def::Res::Def(rustc_hir::def::DefKind::Trait, trait_id),
2286 ident: assoc_item_name,
2287 res: rustc_hir::def::Res::Def(_, item_id),
2291 && data.trait_ref.def_id == *trait_id
2292 && self.tcx.trait_of_item(*item_id) == Some(*trait_id)
2293 && let None = self.tainted_by_errors()
2295 let (verb, noun) = match self.tcx.associated_item(item_id).kind {
2296 ty::AssocKind::Const => ("refer to the", "constant"),
2297 ty::AssocKind::Fn => ("call", "function"),
2298 ty::AssocKind::Type => ("refer to the", "type"), // this is already covered by E0223, but this single match arm doesn't hurt here
2301 // Replace the more general E0283 with a more specific error
2303 err = self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err_with_code(
2306 "cannot {verb} associated {noun} on trait without specifying the corresponding `impl` type",
2308 rustc_errors::error_code!(E0790),
2311 if let Some(local_def_id) = data.trait_ref.def_id.as_local()
2312 && let Some(hir::Node::Item(hir::Item { ident: trait_name, kind: hir::ItemKind::Trait(_, _, _, _, trait_item_refs), .. })) = self.tcx.hir().find_by_def_id(local_def_id)
2313 && let Some(method_ref) = trait_item_refs.iter().find(|item_ref| item_ref.ident == *assoc_item_name) {
2314 err.span_label(method_ref.span, format!("`{}::{}` defined here", trait_name, assoc_item_name));
2317 err.span_label(span, format!("cannot {verb} associated {noun} of trait"));
2319 let trait_impls = self.tcx.trait_impls_of(data.trait_ref.def_id);
2321 if trait_impls.blanket_impls().is_empty()
2322 && let Some(impl_def_id) = trait_impls.non_blanket_impls().values().flatten().next()
2324 let non_blanket_impl_count = trait_impls.non_blanket_impls().values().flatten().count();
2325 let message = if non_blanket_impl_count == 1 {
2326 "use the fully-qualified path to the only available implementation".to_string()
2329 "use a fully-qualified path to a specific available implementation ({} found)",
2330 non_blanket_impl_count
2333 let mut suggestions = vec![(
2334 path.span.shrink_to_lo(),
2335 format!("<{} as ", self.tcx.type_of(impl_def_id))
2337 if let Some(generic_arg) = trait_path_segment.args {
2338 let between_span = trait_path_segment.ident.span.between(generic_arg.span_ext);
2339 // get rid of :: between Trait and <type>
2340 // must be '::' between them, otherwise the parser won't accept the code
2341 suggestions.push((between_span, "".to_string(),));
2342 suggestions.push((generic_arg.span_ext.shrink_to_hi(), ">".to_string()));
2344 suggestions.push((trait_path_segment.ident.span.shrink_to_hi(), ">".to_string()));
2346 err.multipart_suggestion(
2349 Applicability::MaybeIncorrect
2358 ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(arg) => {
2359 // Same hacky approach as above to avoid deluging user
2360 // with error messages.
2361 if arg.references_error()
2362 || self.tcx.sess.has_errors().is_some()
2363 || self.tainted_by_errors().is_some()
2368 self.emit_inference_failure_err(body_id, span, arg, ErrorCode::E0282, false)
2371 ty::PredicateKind::Subtype(data) => {
2372 if data.references_error()
2373 || self.tcx.sess.has_errors().is_some()
2374 || self.tainted_by_errors().is_some()
2376 // no need to overload user in such cases
2379 let SubtypePredicate { a_is_expected: _, a, b } = data;
2380 // both must be type variables, or the other would've been instantiated
2381 assert!(a.is_ty_var() && b.is_ty_var());
2382 self.emit_inference_failure_err(body_id, span, a.into(), ErrorCode::E0282, true)
2384 ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(data)) => {
2385 if predicate.references_error() || self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() {
2392 .chain(Some(data.term.into_arg()))
2393 .find(|g| g.has_non_region_infer());
2394 if let Some(subst) = subst {
2395 let mut err = self.emit_inference_failure_err(
2402 err.note(&format!("cannot satisfy `{}`", predicate));
2405 // If we can't find a substitution, just print a generic error
2406 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
2410 "type annotations needed: cannot satisfy `{}`",
2413 err.span_label(span, &format!("cannot satisfy `{}`", predicate));
2418 ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(data) => {
2419 if predicate.references_error() || self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() {
2422 let subst = data.walk().find(|g| g.is_non_region_infer());
2423 if let Some(subst) = subst {
2424 let err = self.emit_inference_failure_err(
2433 // If we can't find a substitution, just print a generic error
2434 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
2438 "type annotations needed: cannot satisfy `{}`",
2441 err.span_label(span, &format!("cannot satisfy `{}`", predicate));
2446 if self.tcx.sess.has_errors().is_some() || self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() {
2449 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
2453 "type annotations needed: cannot satisfy `{}`",
2456 err.span_label(span, &format!("cannot satisfy `{}`", predicate));
2460 self.note_obligation_cause(&mut err, obligation);
2464 fn annotate_source_of_ambiguity(
2466 err: &mut Diagnostic,
2467 ambiguities: &[ambiguity::Ambiguity],
2468 predicate: ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
2470 let mut spans = vec![];
2471 let mut crates = vec![];
2472 let mut post = vec![];
2473 let mut has_param_env = false;
2474 for ambiguity in ambiguities {
2476 ambiguity::Ambiguity::DefId(impl_def_id) => {
2477 match self.tcx.span_of_impl(*impl_def_id) {
2478 Ok(span) => spans.push(span),
2481 if let Some(header) = to_pretty_impl_header(self.tcx, *impl_def_id) {
2487 ambiguity::Ambiguity::ParamEnv(span) => {
2488 has_param_env = true;
2493 let mut crate_names: Vec<_> = crates.iter().map(|n| format!("`{}`", n)).collect();
2495 crate_names.dedup();
2499 if self.tainted_by_errors().is_some()
2500 && (crate_names.len() == 1
2502 && ["`core`", "`alloc`", "`std`"].contains(&crate_names[0].as_str())
2503 || predicate.visit_with(&mut HasNumericInferVisitor).is_break())
2505 // Avoid complaining about other inference issues for expressions like
2506 // `42 >> 1`, where the types are still `{integer}`, but we want to
2507 // Do we need `trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty().is_numeric() &&` too?
2508 // NOTE(eddyb) this was `.cancel()`, but `err`
2509 // is borrowed, so we can't fully defuse it.
2510 err.downgrade_to_delayed_bug();
2515 "multiple `impl`s{} satisfying `{}` found",
2516 if has_param_env { " or `where` clauses" } else { "" },
2519 let post = if post.len() > 1 || (post.len() == 1 && post[0].contains('\n')) {
2520 format!(":\n{}", post.iter().map(|p| format!("- {}", p)).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("\n"),)
2521 } else if post.len() == 1 {
2522 format!(": `{}`", post[0])
2527 match (spans.len(), crates.len(), crate_names.len()) {
2529 err.note(&format!("cannot satisfy `{}`", predicate));
2532 err.note(&format!("{} in the `{}` crate{}", msg, crates[0], post,));
2536 "{} in the following crates: {}{}",
2538 crate_names.join(", "),
2543 let span: MultiSpan = spans.into();
2544 err.span_note(span, &msg);
2547 let span: MultiSpan = spans.into();
2548 err.span_note(span, &msg);
2550 &format!("and another `impl` found in the `{}` crate{}", crates[0], post,),
2554 let span: MultiSpan = spans.into();
2555 err.span_note(span, &msg);
2557 "and more `impl`s found in the following crates: {}{}",
2558 crate_names.join(", "),
2565 /// Returns `true` if the trait predicate may apply for *some* assignment
2566 /// to the type parameters.
2567 fn predicate_can_apply(
2569 param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
2570 pred: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
2572 struct ParamToVarFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
2573 infcx: &'a InferCtxt<'tcx>,
2574 var_map: FxHashMap<Ty<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>>,
2577 impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for ParamToVarFolder<'a, 'tcx> {
2578 fn tcx<'b>(&'b self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
2582 fn fold_ty(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
2583 if let ty::Param(ty::ParamTy { name, .. }) = *ty.kind() {
2584 let infcx = self.infcx;
2585 *self.var_map.entry(ty).or_insert_with(|| {
2586 infcx.next_ty_var(TypeVariableOrigin {
2587 kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::TypeParameterDefinition(name, None),
2592 ty.super_fold_with(self)
2599 pred.fold_with(&mut ParamToVarFolder { infcx: self, var_map: Default::default() });
2601 let InferOk { value: cleaned_pred, .. } =
2602 self.infcx.at(&ObligationCause::dummy(), param_env).normalize(cleaned_pred);
2605 Obligation::new(self.tcx, ObligationCause::dummy(), param_env, cleaned_pred);
2607 self.predicate_may_hold(&obligation)
2611 fn note_obligation_cause(&self, err: &mut Diagnostic, obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>) {
2612 // First, attempt to add note to this error with an async-await-specific
2613 // message, and fall back to regular note otherwise.
2614 if !self.maybe_note_obligation_cause_for_async_await(err, obligation) {
2615 self.note_obligation_cause_code(
2617 obligation.predicate,
2618 obligation.param_env,
2619 obligation.cause.code(),
2621 &mut Default::default(),
2623 self.suggest_unsized_bound_if_applicable(err, obligation);
2627 #[instrument(level = "debug", skip_all)]
2628 fn suggest_unsized_bound_if_applicable(
2630 err: &mut Diagnostic,
2631 obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
2633 let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(pred)) = obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() else { return; };
2634 let (ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(item_def_id, span)
2635 | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(item_def_id, span, ..))
2636 = *obligation.cause.code().peel_derives() else { return; };
2637 debug!(?pred, ?item_def_id, ?span);
2639 let (Some(node), true) = (
2640 self.tcx.hir().get_if_local(item_def_id),
2641 Some(pred.def_id()) == self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait(),
2645 self.maybe_suggest_unsized_generics(err, span, node);
2648 #[instrument(level = "debug", skip_all)]
2649 fn maybe_suggest_unsized_generics(&self, err: &mut Diagnostic, span: Span, node: Node<'tcx>) {
2650 let Some(generics) = node.generics() else {
2653 let sized_trait = self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait();
2654 debug!(?generics.params);
2655 debug!(?generics.predicates);
2656 let Some(param) = generics.params.iter().find(|param| param.span == span) else {
2659 // Check that none of the explicit trait bounds is `Sized`. Assume that an explicit
2660 // `Sized` bound is there intentionally and we don't need to suggest relaxing it.
2661 let explicitly_sized = generics
2662 .bounds_for_param(param.def_id)
2663 .flat_map(|bp| bp.bounds)
2664 .any(|bound| bound.trait_ref().and_then(|tr| tr.trait_def_id()) == sized_trait);
2665 if explicitly_sized {
2672 // Only suggest indirection for uses of type parameters in ADTs.
2674 hir::ItemKind::Enum(..) | hir::ItemKind::Struct(..) | hir::ItemKind::Union(..),
2678 if self.maybe_indirection_for_unsized(err, item, param) {
2684 // Didn't add an indirection suggestion, so add a general suggestion to relax `Sized`.
2685 let (span, separator) = if let Some(s) = generics.bounds_span_for_suggestions(param.def_id)
2689 (span.shrink_to_hi(), ":")
2691 err.span_suggestion_verbose(
2693 "consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction",
2694 format!("{} ?Sized", separator),
2695 Applicability::MachineApplicable,
2699 fn maybe_indirection_for_unsized(
2701 err: &mut Diagnostic,
2703 param: &GenericParam<'tcx>,
2705 // Suggesting `T: ?Sized` is only valid in an ADT if `T` is only used in a
2706 // borrow. `struct S<'a, T: ?Sized>(&'a T);` is valid, `struct S<T: ?Sized>(T);`
2707 // is not. Look for invalid "bare" parameter uses, and suggest using indirection.
2709 FindTypeParam { param: param.name.ident().name, invalid_spans: vec![], nested: false };
2710 visitor.visit_item(item);
2711 if visitor.invalid_spans.is_empty() {
2714 let mut multispan: MultiSpan = param.span.into();
2715 multispan.push_span_label(
2717 format!("this could be changed to `{}: ?Sized`...", param.name.ident()),
2719 for sp in visitor.invalid_spans {
2720 multispan.push_span_label(
2722 format!("...if indirection were used here: `Box<{}>`", param.name.ident()),
2728 "you could relax the implicit `Sized` bound on `{T}` if it were \
2729 used through indirection like `&{T}` or `Box<{T}>`",
2730 T = param.name.ident(),
2736 fn is_recursive_obligation(
2738 obligated_types: &mut Vec<Ty<'tcx>>,
2739 cause_code: &ObligationCauseCode<'tcx>,
2741 if let ObligationCauseCode::BuiltinDerivedObligation(ref data) = cause_code {
2742 let parent_trait_ref = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(data.parent_trait_pred);
2743 let self_ty = parent_trait_ref.skip_binder().self_ty();
2744 if obligated_types.iter().any(|ot| ot == &self_ty) {
2747 if let ty::Adt(def, substs) = self_ty.kind()
2748 && let [arg] = &substs[..]
2749 && let ty::subst::GenericArgKind::Type(ty) = arg.unpack()
2750 && let ty::Adt(inner_def, _) = ty.kind()
2760 /// Crude way of getting back an `Expr` from a `Span`.
2761 pub struct FindExprBySpan<'hir> {
2763 pub result: Option<&'hir hir::Expr<'hir>>,
2764 pub ty_result: Option<&'hir hir::Ty<'hir>>,
2767 impl<'hir> FindExprBySpan<'hir> {
2768 fn new(span: Span) -> Self {
2769 Self { span, result: None, ty_result: None }
2773 impl<'v> Visitor<'v> for FindExprBySpan<'v> {
2774 fn visit_expr(&mut self, ex: &'v hir::Expr<'v>) {
2775 if self.span == ex.span {
2776 self.result = Some(ex);
2778 hir::intravisit::walk_expr(self, ex);
2781 fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &'v hir::Ty<'v>) {
2782 if self.span == ty.span {
2783 self.ty_result = Some(ty);
2785 hir::intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty);
2790 /// Look for type `param` in an ADT being used only through a reference to confirm that suggesting
2791 /// `param: ?Sized` would be a valid constraint.
2792 struct FindTypeParam {
2793 param: rustc_span::Symbol,
2794 invalid_spans: Vec<Span>,
2798 impl<'v> Visitor<'v> for FindTypeParam {
2799 fn visit_where_predicate(&mut self, _: &'v hir::WherePredicate<'v>) {
2800 // Skip where-clauses, to avoid suggesting indirection for type parameters found there.
2803 fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &hir::Ty<'_>) {
2804 // We collect the spans of all uses of the "bare" type param, like in `field: T` or
2805 // `field: (T, T)` where we could make `T: ?Sized` while skipping cases that are known to be
2806 // valid like `field: &'a T` or `field: *mut T` and cases that *might* have further `Sized`
2807 // obligations like `Box<T>` and `Vec<T>`, but we perform no extra analysis for those cases
2808 // and suggest `T: ?Sized` regardless of their obligations. This is fine because the errors
2809 // in that case should make what happened clear enough.
2811 hir::TyKind::Ptr(_) | hir::TyKind::Ref(..) | hir::TyKind::TraitObject(..) => {}
2812 hir::TyKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(None, path))
2813 if path.segments.len() == 1 && path.segments[0].ident.name == self.param =>
2816 debug!(?ty, "FindTypeParam::visit_ty");
2817 self.invalid_spans.push(ty.span);
2820 hir::TyKind::Path(_) => {
2821 let prev = self.nested;
2823 hir::intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty);
2827 hir::intravisit::walk_ty(self, ty);
2833 /// Summarizes information
2836 /// An argument of non-tuple type. Parameters are (name, ty)
2837 Arg(String, String),
2839 /// An argument of tuple type. For a "found" argument, the span is
2840 /// the location in the source of the pattern. For an "expected"
2841 /// argument, it will be None. The vector is a list of (name, ty)
2842 /// strings for the components of the tuple.
2843 Tuple(Option<Span>, Vec<(String, String)>),
2847 fn empty() -> ArgKind {
2848 ArgKind::Arg("_".to_owned(), "_".to_owned())
2851 /// Creates an `ArgKind` from the expected type of an
2852 /// argument. It has no name (`_`) and an optional source span.
2853 pub fn from_expected_ty(t: Ty<'_>, span: Option<Span>) -> ArgKind {
2855 ty::Tuple(tys) => ArgKind::Tuple(
2857 tys.iter().map(|ty| ("_".to_owned(), ty.to_string())).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
2859 _ => ArgKind::Arg("_".to_owned(), t.to_string()),
2864 struct HasNumericInferVisitor;
2866 impl<'tcx> ty::TypeVisitor<'tcx> for HasNumericInferVisitor {
2869 fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
2870 if matches!(ty.kind(), ty::Infer(ty::FloatVar(_) | ty::IntVar(_))) {
2871 ControlFlow::Break(())
2873 ControlFlow::CONTINUE
2878 pub enum DefIdOrName {