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1 //! **Canonicalization** is the key to constructing a query in the
2 //! middle of type inference. Ordinarily, it is not possible to store
3 //! types from type inference in query keys, because they contain
4 //! references to inference variables whose lifetimes are too short
5 //! and so forth. Canonicalizing a value T1 using `canonicalize_query`
6 //! produces two things:
7 //!
8 //! - a value T2 where each unbound inference variable has been
9 //!   replaced with a **canonical variable**;
10 //! - a map M (of type `CanonicalVarValues`) from those canonical
11 //!   variables back to the original.
12 //!
13 //! We can then do queries using T2. These will give back constraints
14 //! on the canonical variables which can be translated, using the map
15 //! M, into constraints in our source context. This process of
16 //! translating the results back is done by the
17 //! `instantiate_query_result` method.
18 //!
19 //! For a more detailed look at what is happening here, check
20 //! out the [chapter in the rustc dev guide][c].
21 //!
22 //! [c]: https://rust-lang.github.io/chalk/book/canonical_queries/canonicalization.html
23
24 use crate::infer::{ConstVariableOrigin, ConstVariableOriginKind};
25 use crate::infer::{InferCtxt, RegionVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
26 use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
27 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::TypeFoldable;
28 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::GenericArg;
29 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, BoundVar, List};
30 use rustc_span::source_map::Span;
31
32 pub use rustc_middle::infer::canonical::*;
33 use substitute::CanonicalExt;
34
35 mod canonicalizer;
36 pub mod query_response;
37 mod substitute;
38
39 impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
40     /// Creates a substitution S for the canonical value with fresh
41     /// inference variables and applies it to the canonical value.
42     /// Returns both the instantiated result *and* the substitution S.
43     ///
44     /// This is only meant to be invoked as part of constructing an
45     /// inference context at the start of a query (see
46     /// `InferCtxtBuilder::enter_with_canonical`). It basically
47     /// brings the canonical value "into scope" within your new infcx.
48     ///
49     /// At the end of processing, the substitution S (once
50     /// canonicalized) then represents the values that you computed
51     /// for each of the canonical inputs to your query.
52     pub fn instantiate_canonical_with_fresh_inference_vars<T>(
53         &self,
54         span: Span,
55         canonical: &Canonical<'tcx, T>,
56     ) -> (T, CanonicalVarValues<'tcx>)
57     where
58         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx>,
59     {
60         // For each universe that is referred to in the incoming
61         // query, create a universe in our local inference context. In
62         // practice, as of this writing, all queries have no universes
63         // in them, so this code has no effect, but it is looking
64         // forward to the day when we *do* want to carry universes
65         // through into queries.
66         let universes: IndexVec<ty::UniverseIndex, _> = std::iter::once(ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT)
67             .chain((0..canonical.max_universe.as_u32()).map(|_| self.create_next_universe()))
68             .collect();
69
70         let canonical_inference_vars =
71             self.instantiate_canonical_vars(span, canonical.variables, |ui| universes[ui]);
72         let result = canonical.substitute(self.tcx, &canonical_inference_vars);
73         (result, canonical_inference_vars)
74     }
75
76     /// Given the "infos" about the canonical variables from some
77     /// canonical, creates fresh variables with the same
78     /// characteristics (see `instantiate_canonical_var` for
79     /// details). You can then use `substitute` to instantiate the
80     /// canonical variable with these inference variables.
81     fn instantiate_canonical_vars(
82         &self,
83         span: Span,
84         variables: &List<CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx>>,
85         universe_map: impl Fn(ty::UniverseIndex) -> ty::UniverseIndex,
86     ) -> CanonicalVarValues<'tcx> {
87         let var_values: IndexVec<BoundVar, GenericArg<'tcx>> = variables
88             .iter()
89             .map(|info| self.instantiate_canonical_var(span, info, &universe_map))
90             .collect();
91
92         CanonicalVarValues { var_values }
93     }
94
95     /// Given the "info" about a canonical variable, creates a fresh
96     /// variable for it. If this is an existentially quantified
97     /// variable, then you'll get a new inference variable; if it is a
98     /// universally quantified variable, you get a placeholder.
99     fn instantiate_canonical_var(
100         &self,
101         span: Span,
102         cv_info: CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx>,
103         universe_map: impl Fn(ty::UniverseIndex) -> ty::UniverseIndex,
104     ) -> GenericArg<'tcx> {
105         match cv_info.kind {
106             CanonicalVarKind::Ty(ty_kind) => {
107                 let ty = match ty_kind {
108                     CanonicalTyVarKind::General(ui) => self.next_ty_var_in_universe(
109                         TypeVariableOrigin { kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::MiscVariable, span },
110                         universe_map(ui),
111                     ),
112
113                     CanonicalTyVarKind::Int => self.next_int_var(),
114
115                     CanonicalTyVarKind::Float => self.next_float_var(),
116                 };
117                 ty.into()
118             }
119
120             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderTy(ty::PlaceholderType { universe, name }) => {
121                 let universe_mapped = universe_map(universe);
122                 let placeholder_mapped = ty::PlaceholderType { universe: universe_mapped, name };
123                 self.tcx.mk_ty(ty::Placeholder(placeholder_mapped)).into()
124             }
125
126             CanonicalVarKind::Region(ui) => self
127                 .next_region_var_in_universe(
128                     RegionVariableOrigin::MiscVariable(span),
129                     universe_map(ui),
130                 )
131                 .into(),
132
133             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderRegion(ty::PlaceholderRegion { universe, name }) => {
134                 let universe_mapped = universe_map(universe);
135                 let placeholder_mapped = ty::PlaceholderRegion { universe: universe_mapped, name };
136                 self.tcx.mk_region(ty::RePlaceholder(placeholder_mapped)).into()
137             }
138
139             CanonicalVarKind::Const(ui, ty) => self
140                 .next_const_var_in_universe(
141                     ty,
142                     ConstVariableOrigin { kind: ConstVariableOriginKind::MiscVariable, span },
143                     universe_map(ui),
144                 )
145                 .into(),
146
147             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderConst(ty::PlaceholderConst { universe, name }) => {
148                 let universe_mapped = universe_map(universe);
149                 let placeholder_mapped = ty::PlaceholderConst { universe: universe_mapped, name };
150                 self.tcx
151                     .mk_const(ty::ConstS {
152                         val: ty::ConstKind::Placeholder(placeholder_mapped),
153                         ty: name.ty,
154                     })
155                     .into()
156             }
157         }
158     }
159 }