]> git.lizzy.rs Git - rust.git/blob - compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/method/confirm.rs
65ca47bfe538bbd5c42cb8854ee9dfa1adcc601b
[rust.git] / compiler / rustc_hir_typeck / src / method / confirm.rs
1 use super::{probe, MethodCallee};
2
3 use crate::{callee, FnCtxt};
4 use rustc_hir as hir;
5 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
6 use rustc_hir::GenericArg;
7 use rustc_hir_analysis::astconv::generics::{
8     check_generic_arg_count_for_call, create_substs_for_generic_args,
9 };
10 use rustc_hir_analysis::astconv::{AstConv, CreateSubstsForGenericArgsCtxt, IsMethodCall};
11 use rustc_infer::infer::{self, InferOk};
12 use rustc_middle::traits::{ObligationCauseCode, UnifyReceiverContext};
13 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{Adjust, Adjustment, PointerCast};
14 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{AllowTwoPhase, AutoBorrow, AutoBorrowMutability};
15 use rustc_middle::ty::fold::TypeFoldable;
16 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{self, SubstsRef};
17 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericParamDefKind, Ty};
18 use rustc_middle::ty::{InternalSubsts, UserSubsts, UserType};
19 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
20 use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
21
22 use std::ops::Deref;
23
24 struct ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
25     fcx: &'a FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
26     span: Span,
27     self_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
28     call_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
29 }
30
31 impl<'a, 'tcx> Deref for ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
32     type Target = FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>;
33     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
34         self.fcx
35     }
36 }
37
38 #[derive(Debug)]
39 pub struct ConfirmResult<'tcx> {
40     pub callee: MethodCallee<'tcx>,
41     pub illegal_sized_bound: Option<Span>,
42 }
43
44 impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
45     pub fn confirm_method(
46         &self,
47         span: Span,
48         self_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
49         call_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
50         unadjusted_self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
51         pick: &probe::Pick<'tcx>,
52         segment: &hir::PathSegment<'_>,
53     ) -> ConfirmResult<'tcx> {
54         debug!(
55             "confirm(unadjusted_self_ty={:?}, pick={:?}, generic_args={:?})",
56             unadjusted_self_ty, pick, segment.args,
57         );
58
59         let mut confirm_cx = ConfirmContext::new(self, span, self_expr, call_expr);
60         confirm_cx.confirm(unadjusted_self_ty, pick, segment)
61     }
62 }
63
64 impl<'a, 'tcx> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
65     fn new(
66         fcx: &'a FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx>,
67         span: Span,
68         self_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
69         call_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
70     ) -> ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx> {
71         ConfirmContext { fcx, span, self_expr, call_expr }
72     }
73
74     fn confirm(
75         &mut self,
76         unadjusted_self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
77         pick: &probe::Pick<'tcx>,
78         segment: &hir::PathSegment<'_>,
79     ) -> ConfirmResult<'tcx> {
80         // Adjust the self expression the user provided and obtain the adjusted type.
81         let self_ty = self.adjust_self_ty(unadjusted_self_ty, &pick);
82
83         // Create substitutions for the method's type parameters.
84         let rcvr_substs = self.fresh_receiver_substs(self_ty, &pick);
85         let all_substs = self.instantiate_method_substs(&pick, segment, rcvr_substs);
86
87         debug!("rcvr_substs={rcvr_substs:?}, all_substs={all_substs:?}");
88
89         // Create the final signature for the method, replacing late-bound regions.
90         let (method_sig, method_predicates) = self.instantiate_method_sig(&pick, all_substs);
91
92         // If there is a `Self: Sized` bound and `Self` is a trait object, it is possible that
93         // something which derefs to `Self` actually implements the trait and the caller
94         // wanted to make a static dispatch on it but forgot to import the trait.
95         // See test `tests/ui/issue-35976.rs`.
96         //
97         // In that case, we'll error anyway, but we'll also re-run the search with all traits
98         // in scope, and if we find another method which can be used, we'll output an
99         // appropriate hint suggesting to import the trait.
100         let filler_substs = rcvr_substs
101             .extend_to(self.tcx, pick.item.def_id, |def, _| self.tcx.mk_param_from_def(def));
102         let illegal_sized_bound = self.predicates_require_illegal_sized_bound(
103             self.tcx.predicates_of(pick.item.def_id).instantiate(self.tcx, filler_substs),
104         );
105
106         // Unify the (adjusted) self type with what the method expects.
107         //
108         // SUBTLE: if we want good error messages, because of "guessing" while matching
109         // traits, no trait system method can be called before this point because they
110         // could alter our Self-type, except for normalizing the receiver from the
111         // signature (which is also done during probing).
112         let method_sig_rcvr = self.normalize(self.span, method_sig.inputs()[0]);
113         debug!(
114             "confirm: self_ty={:?} method_sig_rcvr={:?} method_sig={:?} method_predicates={:?}",
115             self_ty, method_sig_rcvr, method_sig, method_predicates
116         );
117         self.unify_receivers(self_ty, method_sig_rcvr, &pick, all_substs);
118
119         let (method_sig, method_predicates) =
120             self.normalize(self.span, (method_sig, method_predicates));
121         let method_sig = ty::Binder::dummy(method_sig);
122
123         // Make sure nobody calls `drop()` explicitly.
124         self.enforce_illegal_method_limitations(&pick);
125
126         // Add any trait/regions obligations specified on the method's type parameters.
127         // We won't add these if we encountered an illegal sized bound, so that we can use
128         // a custom error in that case.
129         if illegal_sized_bound.is_none() {
130             self.add_obligations(
131                 self.tcx.mk_fn_ptr(method_sig),
132                 all_substs,
133                 method_predicates,
134                 pick.item.def_id,
135             );
136         }
137
138         // Create the final `MethodCallee`.
139         let callee = MethodCallee {
140             def_id: pick.item.def_id,
141             substs: all_substs,
142             sig: method_sig.skip_binder(),
143         };
144         ConfirmResult { callee, illegal_sized_bound }
145     }
146
147     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
148     // ADJUSTMENTS
149
150     fn adjust_self_ty(
151         &mut self,
152         unadjusted_self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
153         pick: &probe::Pick<'tcx>,
154     ) -> Ty<'tcx> {
155         // Commit the autoderefs by calling `autoderef` again, but this
156         // time writing the results into the various typeck results.
157         let mut autoderef = self.autoderef(self.call_expr.span, unadjusted_self_ty);
158         let Some((ty, n)) = autoderef.nth(pick.autoderefs) else {
159             return self.tcx.ty_error_with_message(
160                 rustc_span::DUMMY_SP,
161                 &format!("failed autoderef {}", pick.autoderefs),
162             );
163         };
164         assert_eq!(n, pick.autoderefs);
165
166         let mut adjustments = self.adjust_steps(&autoderef);
167         let mut target = self.structurally_resolved_type(autoderef.span(), ty);
168
169         match pick.autoref_or_ptr_adjustment {
170             Some(probe::AutorefOrPtrAdjustment::Autoref { mutbl, unsize }) => {
171                 let region = self.next_region_var(infer::Autoref(self.span));
172                 // Type we're wrapping in a reference, used later for unsizing
173                 let base_ty = target;
174
175                 target = self.tcx.mk_ref(region, ty::TypeAndMut { mutbl, ty: target });
176
177                 // Method call receivers are the primary use case
178                 // for two-phase borrows.
179                 let mutbl = AutoBorrowMutability::new(mutbl, AllowTwoPhase::Yes);
180
181                 adjustments.push(Adjustment {
182                     kind: Adjust::Borrow(AutoBorrow::Ref(region, mutbl)),
183                     target,
184                 });
185
186                 if unsize {
187                     let unsized_ty = if let ty::Array(elem_ty, _) = base_ty.kind() {
188                         self.tcx.mk_slice(*elem_ty)
189                     } else {
190                         bug!(
191                             "AutorefOrPtrAdjustment's unsize flag should only be set for array ty, found {}",
192                             base_ty
193                         )
194                     };
195                     target = self
196                         .tcx
197                         .mk_ref(region, ty::TypeAndMut { mutbl: mutbl.into(), ty: unsized_ty });
198                     adjustments
199                         .push(Adjustment { kind: Adjust::Pointer(PointerCast::Unsize), target });
200                 }
201             }
202             Some(probe::AutorefOrPtrAdjustment::ToConstPtr) => {
203                 target = match target.kind() {
204                     &ty::RawPtr(ty::TypeAndMut { ty, mutbl }) => {
205                         assert!(mutbl.is_mut());
206                         self.tcx.mk_ptr(ty::TypeAndMut { mutbl: hir::Mutability::Not, ty })
207                     }
208                     other => panic!("Cannot adjust receiver type {:?} to const ptr", other),
209                 };
210
211                 adjustments.push(Adjustment {
212                     kind: Adjust::Pointer(PointerCast::MutToConstPointer),
213                     target,
214                 });
215             }
216             None => {}
217         }
218
219         self.register_predicates(autoderef.into_obligations());
220
221         // Write out the final adjustments.
222         self.apply_adjustments(self.self_expr, adjustments);
223
224         target
225     }
226
227     /// Returns a set of substitutions for the method *receiver* where all type and region
228     /// parameters are instantiated with fresh variables. This substitution does not include any
229     /// parameters declared on the method itself.
230     ///
231     /// Note that this substitution may include late-bound regions from the impl level. If so,
232     /// these are instantiated later in the `instantiate_method_sig` routine.
233     fn fresh_receiver_substs(
234         &mut self,
235         self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
236         pick: &probe::Pick<'tcx>,
237     ) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
238         match pick.kind {
239             probe::InherentImplPick => {
240                 let impl_def_id = pick.item.container_id(self.tcx);
241                 assert!(
242                     self.tcx.impl_trait_ref(impl_def_id).is_none(),
243                     "impl {:?} is not an inherent impl",
244                     impl_def_id
245                 );
246                 self.fresh_substs_for_item(self.span, impl_def_id)
247             }
248
249             probe::ObjectPick => {
250                 let trait_def_id = pick.item.container_id(self.tcx);
251                 self.extract_existential_trait_ref(self_ty, |this, object_ty, principal| {
252                     // The object data has no entry for the Self
253                     // Type. For the purposes of this method call, we
254                     // substitute the object type itself. This
255                     // wouldn't be a sound substitution in all cases,
256                     // since each instance of the object type is a
257                     // different existential and hence could match
258                     // distinct types (e.g., if `Self` appeared as an
259                     // argument type), but those cases have already
260                     // been ruled out when we deemed the trait to be
261                     // "object safe".
262                     let original_poly_trait_ref = principal.with_self_ty(this.tcx, object_ty);
263                     let upcast_poly_trait_ref = this.upcast(original_poly_trait_ref, trait_def_id);
264                     let upcast_trait_ref =
265                         this.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(upcast_poly_trait_ref);
266                     debug!(
267                         "original_poly_trait_ref={:?} upcast_trait_ref={:?} target_trait={:?}",
268                         original_poly_trait_ref, upcast_trait_ref, trait_def_id
269                     );
270                     upcast_trait_ref.substs
271                 })
272             }
273
274             probe::TraitPick => {
275                 let trait_def_id = pick.item.container_id(self.tcx);
276
277                 // Make a trait reference `$0 : Trait<$1...$n>`
278                 // consisting entirely of type variables. Later on in
279                 // the process we will unify the transformed-self-type
280                 // of the method with the actual type in order to
281                 // unify some of these variables.
282                 self.fresh_substs_for_item(self.span, trait_def_id)
283             }
284
285             probe::WhereClausePick(poly_trait_ref) => {
286                 // Where clauses can have bound regions in them. We need to instantiate
287                 // those to convert from a poly-trait-ref to a trait-ref.
288                 self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(poly_trait_ref).substs
289             }
290         }
291     }
292
293     fn extract_existential_trait_ref<R, F>(&mut self, self_ty: Ty<'tcx>, mut closure: F) -> R
294     where
295         F: FnMut(&mut ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>, ty::PolyExistentialTraitRef<'tcx>) -> R,
296     {
297         // If we specified that this is an object method, then the
298         // self-type ought to be something that can be dereferenced to
299         // yield an object-type (e.g., `&Object` or `Box<Object>`
300         // etc).
301
302         // FIXME: this feels, like, super dubious
303         self.fcx
304             .autoderef(self.span, self_ty)
305             .include_raw_pointers()
306             .find_map(|(ty, _)| match ty.kind() {
307                 ty::Dynamic(data, ..) => Some(closure(
308                     self,
309                     ty,
310                     data.principal().unwrap_or_else(|| {
311                         span_bug!(self.span, "calling trait method on empty object?")
312                     }),
313                 )),
314                 _ => None,
315             })
316             .unwrap_or_else(|| {
317                 span_bug!(
318                     self.span,
319                     "self-type `{}` for ObjectPick never dereferenced to an object",
320                     self_ty
321                 )
322             })
323     }
324
325     fn instantiate_method_substs(
326         &mut self,
327         pick: &probe::Pick<'tcx>,
328         seg: &hir::PathSegment<'_>,
329         parent_substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
330     ) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
331         // Determine the values for the generic parameters of the method.
332         // If they were not explicitly supplied, just construct fresh
333         // variables.
334         let generics = self.tcx.generics_of(pick.item.def_id);
335
336         let arg_count_correct = check_generic_arg_count_for_call(
337             self.tcx,
338             self.span,
339             pick.item.def_id,
340             generics,
341             seg,
342             IsMethodCall::Yes,
343         );
344
345         // Create subst for early-bound lifetime parameters, combining
346         // parameters from the type and those from the method.
347         assert_eq!(generics.parent_count, parent_substs.len());
348
349         struct MethodSubstsCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
350             cfcx: &'a ConfirmContext<'a, 'tcx>,
351             pick: &'a probe::Pick<'tcx>,
352             seg: &'a hir::PathSegment<'a>,
353         }
354         impl<'a, 'tcx> CreateSubstsForGenericArgsCtxt<'a, 'tcx> for MethodSubstsCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
355             fn args_for_def_id(
356                 &mut self,
357                 def_id: DefId,
358             ) -> (Option<&'a hir::GenericArgs<'a>>, bool) {
359                 if def_id == self.pick.item.def_id {
360                     if let Some(data) = self.seg.args {
361                         return (Some(data), false);
362                     }
363                 }
364                 (None, false)
365             }
366
367             fn provided_kind(
368                 &mut self,
369                 param: &ty::GenericParamDef,
370                 arg: &GenericArg<'_>,
371             ) -> subst::GenericArg<'tcx> {
372                 match (&param.kind, arg) {
373                     (GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime, GenericArg::Lifetime(lt)) => {
374                         self.cfcx.fcx.astconv().ast_region_to_region(lt, Some(param)).into()
375                     }
376                     (GenericParamDefKind::Type { .. }, GenericArg::Type(ty)) => {
377                         self.cfcx.to_ty(ty).raw.into()
378                     }
379                     (GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. }, GenericArg::Const(ct)) => {
380                         self.cfcx.const_arg_to_const(&ct.value, param.def_id).into()
381                     }
382                     (GenericParamDefKind::Type { .. }, GenericArg::Infer(inf)) => {
383                         self.cfcx.ty_infer(Some(param), inf.span).into()
384                     }
385                     (GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. }, GenericArg::Infer(inf)) => {
386                         let tcx = self.cfcx.tcx();
387                         self.cfcx.ct_infer(tcx.type_of(param.def_id), Some(param), inf.span).into()
388                     }
389                     _ => unreachable!(),
390                 }
391             }
392
393             fn inferred_kind(
394                 &mut self,
395                 _substs: Option<&[subst::GenericArg<'tcx>]>,
396                 param: &ty::GenericParamDef,
397                 _infer_args: bool,
398             ) -> subst::GenericArg<'tcx> {
399                 self.cfcx.var_for_def(self.cfcx.span, param)
400             }
401         }
402
403         let substs = create_substs_for_generic_args(
404             self.tcx,
405             pick.item.def_id,
406             parent_substs,
407             false,
408             None,
409             &arg_count_correct,
410             &mut MethodSubstsCtxt { cfcx: self, pick, seg },
411         );
412
413         // When the method is confirmed, the `substs` includes
414         // parameters from not just the method, but also the impl of
415         // the method -- in particular, the `Self` type will be fully
416         // resolved. However, those are not something that the "user
417         // specified" -- i.e., those types come from the inferred type
418         // of the receiver, not something the user wrote. So when we
419         // create the user-substs, we want to replace those earlier
420         // types with just the types that the user actually wrote --
421         // that is, those that appear on the *method itself*.
422         //
423         // As an example, if the user wrote something like
424         // `foo.bar::<u32>(...)` -- the `Self` type here will be the
425         // type of `foo` (possibly adjusted), but we don't want to
426         // include that. We want just the `[_, u32]` part.
427         if !substs.is_empty() && !generics.params.is_empty() {
428             let user_type_annotation = self.probe(|_| {
429                 let user_substs = UserSubsts {
430                     substs: InternalSubsts::for_item(self.tcx, pick.item.def_id, |param, _| {
431                         let i = param.index as usize;
432                         if i < generics.parent_count {
433                             self.fcx.var_for_def(DUMMY_SP, param)
434                         } else {
435                             substs[i]
436                         }
437                     }),
438                     user_self_ty: None, // not relevant here
439                 };
440
441                 self.fcx.canonicalize_user_type_annotation(UserType::TypeOf(
442                     pick.item.def_id,
443                     user_substs,
444                 ))
445             });
446
447             debug!("instantiate_method_substs: user_type_annotation={:?}", user_type_annotation);
448             self.fcx.write_user_type_annotation(self.call_expr.hir_id, user_type_annotation);
449         }
450
451         self.normalize(self.span, substs)
452     }
453
454     fn unify_receivers(
455         &mut self,
456         self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
457         method_self_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
458         pick: &probe::Pick<'tcx>,
459         substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
460     ) {
461         debug!(
462             "unify_receivers: self_ty={:?} method_self_ty={:?} span={:?} pick={:?}",
463             self_ty, method_self_ty, self.span, pick
464         );
465         let cause = self.cause(
466             self.span,
467             ObligationCauseCode::UnifyReceiver(Box::new(UnifyReceiverContext {
468                 assoc_item: pick.item,
469                 param_env: self.param_env,
470                 substs,
471             })),
472         );
473         match self.at(&cause, self.param_env).sup(method_self_ty, self_ty) {
474             Ok(InferOk { obligations, value: () }) => {
475                 self.register_predicates(obligations);
476             }
477             Err(_) => {
478                 span_bug!(
479                     self.span,
480                     "{} was a subtype of {} but now is not?",
481                     self_ty,
482                     method_self_ty
483                 );
484             }
485         }
486     }
487
488     // NOTE: this returns the *unnormalized* predicates and method sig. Because of
489     // inference guessing, the predicates and method signature can't be normalized
490     // until we unify the `Self` type.
491     fn instantiate_method_sig(
492         &mut self,
493         pick: &probe::Pick<'tcx>,
494         all_substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
495     ) -> (ty::FnSig<'tcx>, ty::InstantiatedPredicates<'tcx>) {
496         debug!("instantiate_method_sig(pick={:?}, all_substs={:?})", pick, all_substs);
497
498         // Instantiate the bounds on the method with the
499         // type/early-bound-regions substitutions performed. There can
500         // be no late-bound regions appearing here.
501         let def_id = pick.item.def_id;
502         let method_predicates = self.tcx.predicates_of(def_id).instantiate(self.tcx, all_substs);
503
504         debug!("method_predicates after subst = {:?}", method_predicates);
505
506         let sig = self.tcx.fn_sig(def_id).subst(self.tcx, all_substs);
507         debug!("type scheme substituted, sig={:?}", sig);
508
509         let sig = self.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(sig);
510         debug!("late-bound lifetimes from method instantiated, sig={:?}", sig);
511
512         (sig, method_predicates)
513     }
514
515     fn add_obligations(
516         &mut self,
517         fty: Ty<'tcx>,
518         all_substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
519         method_predicates: ty::InstantiatedPredicates<'tcx>,
520         def_id: DefId,
521     ) {
522         debug!(
523             "add_obligations: fty={:?} all_substs={:?} method_predicates={:?} def_id={:?}",
524             fty, all_substs, method_predicates, def_id
525         );
526
527         // FIXME: could replace with the following, but we already calculated `method_predicates`,
528         // so we just call `predicates_for_generics` directly to avoid redoing work.
529         // `self.add_required_obligations(self.span, def_id, &all_substs);`
530         for obligation in traits::predicates_for_generics(
531             |idx, span| {
532                 let code = if span.is_dummy() {
533                     ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(def_id, self.call_expr.hir_id, idx)
534                 } else {
535                     ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(
536                         def_id,
537                         span,
538                         self.call_expr.hir_id,
539                         idx,
540                     )
541                 };
542                 traits::ObligationCause::new(self.span, self.body_id, code)
543             },
544             self.param_env,
545             method_predicates,
546         ) {
547             self.register_predicate(obligation);
548         }
549
550         // this is a projection from a trait reference, so we have to
551         // make sure that the trait reference inputs are well-formed.
552         self.add_wf_bounds(all_substs, self.call_expr);
553
554         // the function type must also be well-formed (this is not
555         // implied by the substs being well-formed because of inherent
556         // impls and late-bound regions - see issue #28609).
557         self.register_wf_obligation(fty.into(), self.span, traits::WellFormed(None));
558     }
559
560     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
561     // MISCELLANY
562
563     fn predicates_require_illegal_sized_bound(
564         &self,
565         predicates: ty::InstantiatedPredicates<'tcx>,
566     ) -> Option<Span> {
567         let sized_def_id = self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait()?;
568
569         traits::elaborate_predicates(self.tcx, predicates.predicates.iter().copied())
570             // We don't care about regions here.
571             .filter_map(|obligation| match obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
572                 ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(trait_pred))
573                     if trait_pred.def_id() == sized_def_id =>
574                 {
575                     let span = predicates
576                         .iter()
577                         .find_map(
578                             |(p, span)| {
579                                 if p == obligation.predicate { Some(span) } else { None }
580                             },
581                         )
582                         .unwrap_or(rustc_span::DUMMY_SP);
583                     Some((trait_pred, span))
584                 }
585                 _ => None,
586             })
587             .find_map(|(trait_pred, span)| match trait_pred.self_ty().kind() {
588                 ty::Dynamic(..) => Some(span),
589                 _ => None,
590             })
591     }
592
593     fn enforce_illegal_method_limitations(&self, pick: &probe::Pick<'_>) {
594         // Disallow calls to the method `drop` defined in the `Drop` trait.
595         if let Some(trait_def_id) = pick.item.trait_container(self.tcx) {
596             callee::check_legal_trait_for_method_call(
597                 self.tcx,
598                 self.span,
599                 Some(self.self_expr.span),
600                 self.call_expr.span,
601                 trait_def_id,
602             )
603         }
604     }
605
606     fn upcast(
607         &mut self,
608         source_trait_ref: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>,
609         target_trait_def_id: DefId,
610     ) -> ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx> {
611         let upcast_trait_refs =
612             traits::upcast_choices(self.tcx, source_trait_ref, target_trait_def_id);
613
614         // must be exactly one trait ref or we'd get an ambig error etc
615         if upcast_trait_refs.len() != 1 {
616             span_bug!(
617                 self.span,
618                 "cannot uniquely upcast `{:?}` to `{:?}`: `{:?}`",
619                 source_trait_ref,
620                 target_trait_def_id,
621                 upcast_trait_refs
622             );
623         }
624
625         upcast_trait_refs.into_iter().next().unwrap()
626     }
627
628     fn replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars<T>(&self, value: ty::Binder<'tcx, T>) -> T
629     where
630         T: TypeFoldable<'tcx> + Copy,
631     {
632         self.fcx.replace_bound_vars_with_fresh_vars(self.span, infer::FnCall, value)
633     }
634 }