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Rollup merge of #104952 - jyn514:setup, r=Mark-Simulacrum
[rust.git] / compiler / rustc_hir_typeck / src / _match.rs
1 use crate::coercion::{AsCoercionSite, CoerceMany};
2 use crate::{Diverges, Expectation, FnCtxt, Needs};
3 use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diagnostic, MultiSpan};
4 use rustc_hir::{self as hir, ExprKind};
5 use rustc_infer::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
6 use rustc_infer::traits::Obligation;
7 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
8 use rustc_span::Span;
9 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt;
10 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{
11     IfExpressionCause, MatchExpressionArmCause, ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode,
12 };
13
14 impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
15     #[instrument(skip(self), level = "debug", ret)]
16     pub fn check_match(
17         &self,
18         expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
19         scrut: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
20         arms: &'tcx [hir::Arm<'tcx>],
21         orig_expected: Expectation<'tcx>,
22         match_src: hir::MatchSource,
23     ) -> Ty<'tcx> {
24         let tcx = self.tcx;
25
26         let acrb = arms_contain_ref_bindings(arms);
27         let scrutinee_ty = self.demand_scrutinee_type(scrut, acrb, arms.is_empty());
28         debug!(?scrutinee_ty);
29
30         // If there are no arms, that is a diverging match; a special case.
31         if arms.is_empty() {
32             self.diverges.set(self.diverges.get() | Diverges::always(expr.span));
33             return tcx.types.never;
34         }
35
36         self.warn_arms_when_scrutinee_diverges(arms);
37
38         // Otherwise, we have to union together the types that the arms produce and so forth.
39         let scrut_diverges = self.diverges.replace(Diverges::Maybe);
40
41         // #55810: Type check patterns first so we get types for all bindings.
42         let scrut_span = scrut.span.find_ancestor_inside(expr.span).unwrap_or(scrut.span);
43         for arm in arms {
44             self.check_pat_top(&arm.pat, scrutinee_ty, Some(scrut_span), true);
45         }
46
47         // Now typecheck the blocks.
48         //
49         // The result of the match is the common supertype of all the
50         // arms. Start out the value as bottom, since it's the, well,
51         // bottom the type lattice, and we'll be moving up the lattice as
52         // we process each arm. (Note that any match with 0 arms is matching
53         // on any empty type and is therefore unreachable; should the flow
54         // of execution reach it, we will panic, so bottom is an appropriate
55         // type in that case)
56         let mut all_arms_diverge = Diverges::WarnedAlways;
57
58         let expected = orig_expected.adjust_for_branches(self);
59         debug!(?expected);
60
61         let mut coercion = {
62             let coerce_first = match expected {
63                 // We don't coerce to `()` so that if the match expression is a
64                 // statement it's branches can have any consistent type. That allows
65                 // us to give better error messages (pointing to a usually better
66                 // arm for inconsistent arms or to the whole match when a `()` type
67                 // is required).
68                 Expectation::ExpectHasType(ety) if ety != self.tcx.mk_unit() => ety,
69                 _ => self.next_ty_var(TypeVariableOrigin {
70                     kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::MiscVariable,
71                     span: expr.span,
72                 }),
73             };
74             CoerceMany::with_coercion_sites(coerce_first, arms)
75         };
76
77         let mut other_arms = vec![]; // Used only for diagnostics.
78         let mut prior_arm = None;
79         for arm in arms {
80             if let Some(g) = &arm.guard {
81                 self.diverges.set(Diverges::Maybe);
82                 match g {
83                     hir::Guard::If(e) => {
84                         self.check_expr_has_type_or_error(e, tcx.types.bool, |_| {});
85                     }
86                     hir::Guard::IfLet(l) => {
87                         self.check_expr_let(l);
88                     }
89                 };
90             }
91
92             self.diverges.set(Diverges::Maybe);
93
94             let arm_ty = self.check_expr_with_expectation(&arm.body, expected);
95             all_arms_diverge &= self.diverges.get();
96
97             let opt_suggest_box_span = prior_arm.and_then(|(_, prior_arm_ty, _)| {
98                 self.opt_suggest_box_span(prior_arm_ty, arm_ty, orig_expected)
99             });
100
101             let (arm_block_id, arm_span) = if let hir::ExprKind::Block(blk, _) = arm.body.kind {
102                 (Some(blk.hir_id), self.find_block_span(blk))
103             } else {
104                 (None, arm.body.span)
105             };
106
107             let (span, code) = match prior_arm {
108                 // The reason for the first arm to fail is not that the match arms diverge,
109                 // but rather that there's a prior obligation that doesn't hold.
110                 None => (arm_span, ObligationCauseCode::BlockTailExpression(arm.body.hir_id)),
111                 Some((prior_arm_block_id, prior_arm_ty, prior_arm_span)) => (
112                     expr.span,
113                     ObligationCauseCode::MatchExpressionArm(Box::new(MatchExpressionArmCause {
114                         arm_block_id,
115                         arm_span,
116                         arm_ty,
117                         prior_arm_block_id,
118                         prior_arm_ty,
119                         prior_arm_span,
120                         scrut_span: scrut.span,
121                         source: match_src,
122                         prior_arms: other_arms.clone(),
123                         scrut_hir_id: scrut.hir_id,
124                         opt_suggest_box_span,
125                     })),
126                 ),
127             };
128             let cause = self.cause(span, code);
129
130             // This is the moral equivalent of `coercion.coerce(self, cause, arm.body, arm_ty)`.
131             // We use it this way to be able to expand on the potential error and detect when a
132             // `match` tail statement could be a tail expression instead. If so, we suggest
133             // removing the stray semicolon.
134             coercion.coerce_inner(
135                 self,
136                 &cause,
137                 Some(&arm.body),
138                 arm_ty,
139                 Some(&mut |err| {
140                     self.suggest_removing_semicolon_for_coerce(
141                         err,
142                         expr,
143                         orig_expected,
144                         arm_ty,
145                         prior_arm,
146                     )
147                 }),
148                 false,
149             );
150
151             other_arms.push(arm_span);
152             if other_arms.len() > 5 {
153                 other_arms.remove(0);
154             }
155
156             prior_arm = Some((arm_block_id, arm_ty, arm_span));
157         }
158
159         // If all of the arms in the `match` diverge,
160         // and we're dealing with an actual `match` block
161         // (as opposed to a `match` desugared from something else'),
162         // we can emit a better note. Rather than pointing
163         // at a diverging expression in an arbitrary arm,
164         // we can point at the entire `match` expression
165         if let (Diverges::Always { .. }, hir::MatchSource::Normal) = (all_arms_diverge, match_src) {
166             all_arms_diverge = Diverges::Always {
167                 span: expr.span,
168                 custom_note: Some(
169                     "any code following this `match` expression is unreachable, as all arms diverge",
170                 ),
171             };
172         }
173
174         // We won't diverge unless the scrutinee or all arms diverge.
175         self.diverges.set(scrut_diverges | all_arms_diverge);
176
177         coercion.complete(self)
178     }
179
180     fn suggest_removing_semicolon_for_coerce(
181         &self,
182         diag: &mut Diagnostic,
183         expr: &hir::Expr<'tcx>,
184         expectation: Expectation<'tcx>,
185         arm_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
186         prior_arm: Option<(Option<hir::HirId>, Ty<'tcx>, Span)>,
187     ) {
188         let hir = self.tcx.hir();
189
190         // First, check that we're actually in the tail of a function.
191         let hir::Node::Expr(hir::Expr { kind: hir::ExprKind::Block(block, _), .. }) =
192             hir.get(self.body_id) else { return; };
193         let Some(hir::Stmt { kind: hir::StmtKind::Semi(last_expr), .. })
194             = block.innermost_block().stmts.last() else {  return; };
195         if last_expr.hir_id != expr.hir_id {
196             return;
197         }
198
199         // Next, make sure that we have no type expectation.
200         let Some(ret) = hir
201             .find_by_def_id(self.body_id.owner.def_id)
202             .and_then(|owner| owner.fn_decl())
203             .map(|decl| decl.output.span()) else { return; };
204         let Expectation::IsLast(stmt) = expectation else {
205             return;
206         };
207
208         let can_coerce_to_return_ty = match self.ret_coercion.as_ref() {
209             Some(ret_coercion) => {
210                 let ret_ty = ret_coercion.borrow().expected_ty();
211                 let ret_ty = self.inh.infcx.shallow_resolve(ret_ty);
212                 self.can_coerce(arm_ty, ret_ty)
213                     && prior_arm.map_or(true, |(_, ty, _)| self.can_coerce(ty, ret_ty))
214                     // The match arms need to unify for the case of `impl Trait`.
215                     && !matches!(ret_ty.kind(), ty::Opaque(..))
216             }
217             _ => false,
218         };
219         if !can_coerce_to_return_ty {
220             return;
221         }
222
223         let semi_span = expr.span.shrink_to_hi().with_hi(stmt.hi());
224         let mut ret_span: MultiSpan = semi_span.into();
225         ret_span.push_span_label(
226             expr.span,
227             "this could be implicitly returned but it is a statement, not a \
228                             tail expression",
229         );
230         ret_span.push_span_label(ret, "the `match` arms can conform to this return type");
231         ret_span.push_span_label(
232             semi_span,
233             "the `match` is a statement because of this semicolon, consider \
234                             removing it",
235         );
236         diag.span_note(ret_span, "you might have meant to return the `match` expression");
237         diag.tool_only_span_suggestion(
238             semi_span,
239             "remove this semicolon",
240             "",
241             Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
242         );
243     }
244
245     /// When the previously checked expression (the scrutinee) diverges,
246     /// warn the user about the match arms being unreachable.
247     fn warn_arms_when_scrutinee_diverges(&self, arms: &'tcx [hir::Arm<'tcx>]) {
248         for arm in arms {
249             self.warn_if_unreachable(arm.body.hir_id, arm.body.span, "arm");
250         }
251     }
252
253     /// Handle the fallback arm of a desugared if(-let) like a missing else.
254     ///
255     /// Returns `true` if there was an error forcing the coercion to the `()` type.
256     pub(super) fn if_fallback_coercion<T>(
257         &self,
258         span: Span,
259         then_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
260         coercion: &mut CoerceMany<'tcx, '_, T>,
261     ) -> bool
262     where
263         T: AsCoercionSite,
264     {
265         // If this `if` expr is the parent's function return expr,
266         // the cause of the type coercion is the return type, point at it. (#25228)
267         let ret_reason = self.maybe_get_coercion_reason(then_expr.hir_id, span);
268         let cause = self.cause(span, ObligationCauseCode::IfExpressionWithNoElse);
269         let mut error = false;
270         coercion.coerce_forced_unit(
271             self,
272             &cause,
273             &mut |err| {
274                 if let Some((span, msg)) = &ret_reason {
275                     err.span_label(*span, msg);
276                 } else if let ExprKind::Block(block, _) = &then_expr.kind
277                     && let Some(expr) = &block.expr
278                 {
279                     err.span_label(expr.span, "found here");
280                 }
281                 err.note("`if` expressions without `else` evaluate to `()`");
282                 err.help("consider adding an `else` block that evaluates to the expected type");
283                 error = true;
284             },
285             false,
286         );
287         error
288     }
289
290     fn maybe_get_coercion_reason(&self, hir_id: hir::HirId, sp: Span) -> Option<(Span, String)> {
291         let node = {
292             let rslt = self.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(self.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(hir_id));
293             self.tcx.hir().get(rslt)
294         };
295         if let hir::Node::Block(block) = node {
296             // check that the body's parent is an fn
297             let parent = self
298                 .tcx
299                 .hir()
300                 .get(self.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(self.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(block.hir_id)));
301             if let (Some(expr), hir::Node::Item(hir::Item { kind: hir::ItemKind::Fn(..), .. })) =
302                 (&block.expr, parent)
303             {
304                 // check that the `if` expr without `else` is the fn body's expr
305                 if expr.span == sp {
306                     return self.get_fn_decl(hir_id).and_then(|(fn_decl, _)| {
307                         let span = fn_decl.output.span();
308                         let snippet = self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(span).ok()?;
309                         Some((span, format!("expected `{snippet}` because of this return type")))
310                     });
311                 }
312             }
313         }
314         if let hir::Node::Local(hir::Local { ty: Some(_), pat, .. }) = node {
315             return Some((pat.span, "expected because of this assignment".to_string()));
316         }
317         None
318     }
319
320     pub(crate) fn if_cause(
321         &self,
322         span: Span,
323         cond_span: Span,
324         then_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
325         else_expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
326         then_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
327         else_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
328         opt_suggest_box_span: Option<Span>,
329     ) -> ObligationCause<'tcx> {
330         let mut outer_span = if self.tcx.sess.source_map().is_multiline(span) {
331             // The `if`/`else` isn't in one line in the output, include some context to make it
332             // clear it is an if/else expression:
333             // ```
334             // LL |      let x = if true {
335             //    | _____________-
336             // LL ||         10i32
337             //    ||         ----- expected because of this
338             // LL ||     } else {
339             // LL ||         10u32
340             //    ||         ^^^^^ expected `i32`, found `u32`
341             // LL ||     };
342             //    ||_____- `if` and `else` have incompatible types
343             // ```
344             Some(span)
345         } else {
346             // The entire expression is in one line, only point at the arms
347             // ```
348             // LL |     let x = if true { 10i32 } else { 10u32 };
349             //    |                       -----          ^^^^^ expected `i32`, found `u32`
350             //    |                       |
351             //    |                       expected because of this
352             // ```
353             None
354         };
355
356         let (error_sp, else_id) = if let ExprKind::Block(block, _) = &else_expr.kind {
357             let block = block.innermost_block();
358
359             // Avoid overlapping spans that aren't as readable:
360             // ```
361             // 2 |        let x = if true {
362             //   |   _____________-
363             // 3 |  |         3
364             //   |  |         - expected because of this
365             // 4 |  |     } else {
366             //   |  |____________^
367             // 5 | ||
368             // 6 | ||     };
369             //   | ||     ^
370             //   | ||_____|
371             //   | |______if and else have incompatible types
372             //   |        expected integer, found `()`
373             // ```
374             // by not pointing at the entire expression:
375             // ```
376             // 2 |       let x = if true {
377             //   |               ------- `if` and `else` have incompatible types
378             // 3 |           3
379             //   |           - expected because of this
380             // 4 |       } else {
381             //   |  ____________^
382             // 5 | |
383             // 6 | |     };
384             //   | |_____^ expected integer, found `()`
385             // ```
386             if block.expr.is_none() && block.stmts.is_empty()
387                 && let Some(outer_span) = &mut outer_span
388                 && let Some(cond_span) = cond_span.find_ancestor_inside(*outer_span)
389             {
390                 *outer_span = outer_span.with_hi(cond_span.hi())
391             }
392
393             (self.find_block_span(block), block.hir_id)
394         } else {
395             (else_expr.span, else_expr.hir_id)
396         };
397
398         let then_id = if let ExprKind::Block(block, _) = &then_expr.kind {
399             let block = block.innermost_block();
400             // Exclude overlapping spans
401             if block.expr.is_none() && block.stmts.is_empty() {
402                 outer_span = None;
403             }
404             block.hir_id
405         } else {
406             then_expr.hir_id
407         };
408
409         // Finally construct the cause:
410         self.cause(
411             error_sp,
412             ObligationCauseCode::IfExpression(Box::new(IfExpressionCause {
413                 else_id,
414                 then_id,
415                 then_ty,
416                 else_ty,
417                 outer_span,
418                 opt_suggest_box_span,
419             })),
420         )
421     }
422
423     pub(super) fn demand_scrutinee_type(
424         &self,
425         scrut: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
426         contains_ref_bindings: Option<hir::Mutability>,
427         no_arms: bool,
428     ) -> Ty<'tcx> {
429         // Not entirely obvious: if matches may create ref bindings, we want to
430         // use the *precise* type of the scrutinee, *not* some supertype, as
431         // the "scrutinee type" (issue #23116).
432         //
433         // arielb1 [writes here in this comment thread][c] that there
434         // is certainly *some* potential danger, e.g., for an example
435         // like:
436         //
437         // [c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/43399#discussion_r130223956
438         //
439         // ```
440         // let Foo(x) = f()[0];
441         // ```
442         //
443         // Then if the pattern matches by reference, we want to match
444         // `f()[0]` as a lexpr, so we can't allow it to be
445         // coerced. But if the pattern matches by value, `f()[0]` is
446         // still syntactically a lexpr, but we *do* want to allow
447         // coercions.
448         //
449         // However, *likely* we are ok with allowing coercions to
450         // happen if there are no explicit ref mut patterns - all
451         // implicit ref mut patterns must occur behind a reference, so
452         // they will have the "correct" variance and lifetime.
453         //
454         // This does mean that the following pattern would be legal:
455         //
456         // ```
457         // struct Foo(Bar);
458         // struct Bar(u32);
459         // impl Deref for Foo {
460         //     type Target = Bar;
461         //     fn deref(&self) -> &Bar { &self.0 }
462         // }
463         // impl DerefMut for Foo {
464         //     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Bar { &mut self.0 }
465         // }
466         // fn foo(x: &mut Foo) {
467         //     {
468         //         let Bar(z): &mut Bar = x;
469         //         *z = 42;
470         //     }
471         //     assert_eq!(foo.0.0, 42);
472         // }
473         // ```
474         //
475         // FIXME(tschottdorf): don't call contains_explicit_ref_binding, which
476         // is problematic as the HIR is being scraped, but ref bindings may be
477         // implicit after #42640. We need to make sure that pat_adjustments
478         // (once introduced) is populated by the time we get here.
479         //
480         // See #44848.
481         if let Some(m) = contains_ref_bindings {
482             self.check_expr_with_needs(scrut, Needs::maybe_mut_place(m))
483         } else if no_arms {
484             self.check_expr(scrut)
485         } else {
486             // ...but otherwise we want to use any supertype of the
487             // scrutinee. This is sort of a workaround, see note (*) in
488             // `check_pat` for some details.
489             let scrut_ty = self.next_ty_var(TypeVariableOrigin {
490                 kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::TypeInference,
491                 span: scrut.span,
492             });
493             self.check_expr_has_type_or_error(scrut, scrut_ty, |_| {});
494             scrut_ty
495         }
496     }
497
498     /// When we have a `match` as a tail expression in a `fn` with a returned `impl Trait`
499     /// we check if the different arms would work with boxed trait objects instead and
500     /// provide a structured suggestion in that case.
501     pub(crate) fn opt_suggest_box_span(
502         &self,
503         first_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
504         second_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
505         orig_expected: Expectation<'tcx>,
506     ) -> Option<Span> {
507         // FIXME(compiler-errors): This really shouldn't need to be done during the
508         // "good" path of typeck, but here we are.
509         match orig_expected {
510             Expectation::ExpectHasType(expected) => {
511                 let TypeVariableOrigin {
512                     span,
513                     kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::OpaqueTypeInference(rpit_def_id),
514                     ..
515                 } = self.type_var_origin(expected)? else { return None; };
516
517                 let sig = self.body_fn_sig()?;
518
519                 let substs = sig.output().walk().find_map(|arg| {
520                     if let ty::GenericArgKind::Type(ty) = arg.unpack()
521                         && let ty::Opaque(def_id, substs) = *ty.kind()
522                         && def_id == rpit_def_id
523                     {
524                         Some(substs)
525                     } else {
526                         None
527                     }
528                 })?;
529                 let opaque_ty = self.tcx.mk_opaque(rpit_def_id, substs);
530
531                 if !self.can_coerce(first_ty, expected) || !self.can_coerce(second_ty, expected) {
532                     return None;
533                 }
534
535                 for ty in [first_ty, second_ty] {
536                     for (pred, _) in self
537                         .tcx
538                         .bound_explicit_item_bounds(rpit_def_id)
539                         .subst_iter_copied(self.tcx, substs)
540                     {
541                         let pred = pred.kind().rebind(match pred.kind().skip_binder() {
542                             ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(trait_pred)) => {
543                                 assert_eq!(trait_pred.trait_ref.self_ty(), opaque_ty);
544                                 ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(
545                                     trait_pred.with_self_type(self.tcx, ty),
546                                 ))
547                             }
548                             ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(mut proj_pred)) => {
549                                 assert_eq!(proj_pred.projection_ty.self_ty(), opaque_ty);
550                                 proj_pred.projection_ty.substs = self.tcx.mk_substs_trait(
551                                     ty,
552                                     proj_pred.projection_ty.substs.iter().skip(1),
553                                 );
554                                 ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(proj_pred))
555                             }
556                             _ => continue,
557                         });
558                         if !self.predicate_must_hold_modulo_regions(&Obligation::new(
559                             self.tcx,
560                             ObligationCause::misc(span, self.body_id),
561                             self.param_env,
562                             pred,
563                         )) {
564                             return None;
565                         }
566                     }
567                 }
568
569                 Some(span)
570             }
571             _ => None,
572         }
573     }
574 }
575
576 fn arms_contain_ref_bindings<'tcx>(arms: &'tcx [hir::Arm<'tcx>]) -> Option<hir::Mutability> {
577     arms.iter().filter_map(|a| a.pat.contains_explicit_ref_binding()).max()
578 }