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[rust.git] / compiler / rustc_borrowck / src / places_conflict.rs
1 use crate::ArtificialField;
2 use crate::Overlap;
3 use crate::{AccessDepth, Deep, Shallow};
4 use rustc_hir as hir;
5 use rustc_middle::mir::{Body, BorrowKind, Local, Place, PlaceElem, PlaceRef, ProjectionElem};
6 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
7 use std::cmp::max;
8 use std::iter;
9
10 /// When checking if a place conflicts with another place, this enum is used to influence decisions
11 /// where a place might be equal or disjoint with another place, such as if `a[i] == a[j]`.
12 /// `PlaceConflictBias::Overlap` would bias toward assuming that `i` might equal `j` and that these
13 /// places overlap. `PlaceConflictBias::NoOverlap` assumes that for the purposes of the predicate
14 /// being run in the calling context, the conservative choice is to assume the compared indices
15 /// are disjoint (and therefore, do not overlap).
16 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
17 crate enum PlaceConflictBias {
18     Overlap,
19     NoOverlap,
20 }
21
22 /// Helper function for checking if places conflict with a mutable borrow and deep access depth.
23 /// This is used to check for places conflicting outside of the borrow checking code (such as in
24 /// dataflow).
25 crate fn places_conflict<'tcx>(
26     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
27     body: &Body<'tcx>,
28     borrow_place: Place<'tcx>,
29     access_place: Place<'tcx>,
30     bias: PlaceConflictBias,
31 ) -> bool {
32     borrow_conflicts_with_place(
33         tcx,
34         body,
35         borrow_place,
36         BorrowKind::Mut { allow_two_phase_borrow: true },
37         access_place.as_ref(),
38         AccessDepth::Deep,
39         bias,
40     )
41 }
42
43 /// Checks whether the `borrow_place` conflicts with the `access_place` given a borrow kind and
44 /// access depth. The `bias` parameter is used to determine how the unknowable (comparing runtime
45 /// array indices, for example) should be interpreted - this depends on what the caller wants in
46 /// order to make the conservative choice and preserve soundness.
47 pub(super) fn borrow_conflicts_with_place<'tcx>(
48     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
49     body: &Body<'tcx>,
50     borrow_place: Place<'tcx>,
51     borrow_kind: BorrowKind,
52     access_place: PlaceRef<'tcx>,
53     access: AccessDepth,
54     bias: PlaceConflictBias,
55 ) -> bool {
56     debug!(
57         "borrow_conflicts_with_place({:?}, {:?}, {:?}, {:?})",
58         borrow_place, access_place, access, bias,
59     );
60
61     // This Local/Local case is handled by the more general code below, but
62     // it's so common that it's a speed win to check for it first.
63     if let Some(l1) = borrow_place.as_local() {
64         if let Some(l2) = access_place.as_local() {
65             return l1 == l2;
66         }
67     }
68
69     place_components_conflict(tcx, body, borrow_place, borrow_kind, access_place, access, bias)
70 }
71
72 fn place_components_conflict<'tcx>(
73     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
74     body: &Body<'tcx>,
75     borrow_place: Place<'tcx>,
76     borrow_kind: BorrowKind,
77     access_place: PlaceRef<'tcx>,
78     access: AccessDepth,
79     bias: PlaceConflictBias,
80 ) -> bool {
81     // The borrowck rules for proving disjointness are applied from the "root" of the
82     // borrow forwards, iterating over "similar" projections in lockstep until
83     // we can prove overlap one way or another. Essentially, we treat `Overlap` as
84     // a monoid and report a conflict if the product ends up not being `Disjoint`.
85     //
86     // At each step, if we didn't run out of borrow or place, we know that our elements
87     // have the same type, and that they only overlap if they are the identical.
88     //
89     // For example, if we are comparing these:
90     // BORROW:  (*x1[2].y).z.a
91     // ACCESS:  (*x1[i].y).w.b
92     //
93     // Then our steps are:
94     //       x1         |   x1          -- places are the same
95     //       x1[2]      |   x1[i]       -- equal or disjoint (disjoint if indexes differ)
96     //       x1[2].y    |   x1[i].y     -- equal or disjoint
97     //      *x1[2].y    |  *x1[i].y     -- equal or disjoint
98     //     (*x1[2].y).z | (*x1[i].y).w  -- we are disjoint and don't need to check more!
99     //
100     // Because `zip` does potentially bad things to the iterator inside, this loop
101     // also handles the case where the access might be a *prefix* of the borrow, e.g.
102     //
103     // BORROW:  (*x1[2].y).z.a
104     // ACCESS:  x1[i].y
105     //
106     // Then our steps are:
107     //       x1         |   x1          -- places are the same
108     //       x1[2]      |   x1[i]       -- equal or disjoint (disjoint if indexes differ)
109     //       x1[2].y    |   x1[i].y     -- equal or disjoint
110     //
111     // -- here we run out of access - the borrow can access a part of it. If this
112     // is a full deep access, then we *know* the borrow conflicts with it. However,
113     // if the access is shallow, then we can proceed:
114     //
115     //       x1[2].y    | (*x1[i].y)    -- a deref! the access can't get past this, so we
116     //                                     are disjoint
117     //
118     // Our invariant is, that at each step of the iteration:
119     //  - If we didn't run out of access to match, our borrow and access are comparable
120     //    and either equal or disjoint.
121     //  - If we did run out of access, the borrow can access a part of it.
122
123     let borrow_local = borrow_place.local;
124     let access_local = access_place.local;
125
126     match place_base_conflict(borrow_local, access_local) {
127         Overlap::Arbitrary => {
128             bug!("Two base can't return Arbitrary");
129         }
130         Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint => {
131             // This is the recursive case - proceed to the next element.
132         }
133         Overlap::Disjoint => {
134             // We have proven the borrow disjoint - further
135             // projections will remain disjoint.
136             debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: disjoint");
137             return false;
138         }
139     }
140
141     // loop invariant: borrow_c is always either equal to access_c or disjoint from it.
142     for (i, (borrow_c, &access_c)) in
143         iter::zip(borrow_place.projection, access_place.projection).enumerate()
144     {
145         debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: borrow_c = {:?}", borrow_c);
146         let borrow_proj_base = &borrow_place.projection[..i];
147
148         debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: access_c = {:?}", access_c);
149
150         // Borrow and access path both have more components.
151         //
152         // Examples:
153         //
154         // - borrow of `a.(...)`, access to `a.(...)`
155         // - borrow of `a.(...)`, access to `b.(...)`
156         //
157         // Here we only see the components we have checked so
158         // far (in our examples, just the first component). We
159         // check whether the components being borrowed vs
160         // accessed are disjoint (as in the second example,
161         // but not the first).
162         match place_projection_conflict(
163             tcx,
164             body,
165             borrow_local,
166             borrow_proj_base,
167             borrow_c,
168             access_c,
169             bias,
170         ) {
171             Overlap::Arbitrary => {
172                 // We have encountered different fields of potentially
173                 // the same union - the borrow now partially overlaps.
174                 //
175                 // There is no *easy* way of comparing the fields
176                 // further on, because they might have different types
177                 // (e.g., borrows of `u.a.0` and `u.b.y` where `.0` and
178                 // `.y` come from different structs).
179                 //
180                 // We could try to do some things here - e.g., count
181                 // dereferences - but that's probably not a good
182                 // idea, at least for now, so just give up and
183                 // report a conflict. This is unsafe code anyway so
184                 // the user could always use raw pointers.
185                 debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: arbitrary -> conflict");
186                 return true;
187             }
188             Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint => {
189                 // This is the recursive case - proceed to the next element.
190             }
191             Overlap::Disjoint => {
192                 // We have proven the borrow disjoint - further
193                 // projections will remain disjoint.
194                 debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: disjoint");
195                 return false;
196             }
197         }
198     }
199
200     if borrow_place.projection.len() > access_place.projection.len() {
201         for (i, elem) in borrow_place.projection[access_place.projection.len()..].iter().enumerate()
202         {
203             // Borrow path is longer than the access path. Examples:
204             //
205             // - borrow of `a.b.c`, access to `a.b`
206             //
207             // Here, we know that the borrow can access a part of
208             // our place. This is a conflict if that is a part our
209             // access cares about.
210
211             let proj_base = &borrow_place.projection[..access_place.projection.len() + i];
212             let base_ty = Place::ty_from(borrow_local, proj_base, body, tcx).ty;
213
214             match (elem, &base_ty.kind(), access) {
215                 (_, _, Shallow(Some(ArtificialField::ArrayLength)))
216                 | (_, _, Shallow(Some(ArtificialField::ShallowBorrow))) => {
217                     // The array length is like  additional fields on the
218                     // type; it does not overlap any existing data there.
219                     // Furthermore, if cannot actually be a prefix of any
220                     // borrowed place (at least in MIR as it is currently.)
221                     //
222                     // e.g., a (mutable) borrow of `a[5]` while we read the
223                     // array length of `a`.
224                     debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: implicit field");
225                     return false;
226                 }
227
228                 (ProjectionElem::Deref, _, Shallow(None)) => {
229                     // e.g., a borrow of `*x.y` while we shallowly access `x.y` or some
230                     // prefix thereof - the shallow access can't touch anything behind
231                     // the pointer.
232                     debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: shallow access behind ptr");
233                     return false;
234                 }
235                 (ProjectionElem::Deref, ty::Ref(_, _, hir::Mutability::Not), _) => {
236                     // Shouldn't be tracked
237                     bug!("Tracking borrow behind shared reference.");
238                 }
239                 (ProjectionElem::Deref, ty::Ref(_, _, hir::Mutability::Mut), AccessDepth::Drop) => {
240                     // Values behind a mutable reference are not access either by dropping a
241                     // value, or by StorageDead
242                     debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: drop access behind ptr");
243                     return false;
244                 }
245
246                 (ProjectionElem::Field { .. }, ty::Adt(def, _), AccessDepth::Drop) => {
247                     // Drop can read/write arbitrary projections, so places
248                     // conflict regardless of further projections.
249                     if def.has_dtor(tcx) {
250                         return true;
251                     }
252                 }
253
254                 (ProjectionElem::Deref, _, Deep)
255                 | (ProjectionElem::Deref, _, AccessDepth::Drop)
256                 | (ProjectionElem::Field { .. }, _, _)
257                 | (ProjectionElem::Index { .. }, _, _)
258                 | (ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { .. }, _, _)
259                 | (ProjectionElem::Subslice { .. }, _, _)
260                 | (ProjectionElem::Downcast { .. }, _, _) => {
261                     // Recursive case. This can still be disjoint on a
262                     // further iteration if this a shallow access and
263                     // there's a deref later on, e.g., a borrow
264                     // of `*x.y` while accessing `x`.
265                 }
266             }
267         }
268     }
269
270     // Borrow path ran out but access path may not
271     // have. Examples:
272     //
273     // - borrow of `a.b`, access to `a.b.c`
274     // - borrow of `a.b`, access to `a.b`
275     //
276     // In the first example, where we didn't run out of
277     // access, the borrow can access all of our place, so we
278     // have a conflict.
279     //
280     // If the second example, where we did, then we still know
281     // that the borrow can access a *part* of our place that
282     // our access cares about, so we still have a conflict.
283     if borrow_kind == BorrowKind::Shallow
284         && borrow_place.projection.len() < access_place.projection.len()
285     {
286         debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: shallow borrow");
287         false
288     } else {
289         debug!("borrow_conflicts_with_place: full borrow, CONFLICT");
290         true
291     }
292 }
293
294 // Given that the bases of `elem1` and `elem2` are always either equal
295 // or disjoint (and have the same type!), return the overlap situation
296 // between `elem1` and `elem2`.
297 fn place_base_conflict(l1: Local, l2: Local) -> Overlap {
298     if l1 == l2 {
299         // the same local - base case, equal
300         debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-LOCAL");
301         Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
302     } else {
303         // different locals - base case, disjoint
304         debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-LOCAL");
305         Overlap::Disjoint
306     }
307 }
308
309 // Given that the bases of `elem1` and `elem2` are always either equal
310 // or disjoint (and have the same type!), return the overlap situation
311 // between `elem1` and `elem2`.
312 fn place_projection_conflict<'tcx>(
313     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
314     body: &Body<'tcx>,
315     pi1_local: Local,
316     pi1_proj_base: &[PlaceElem<'tcx>],
317     pi1_elem: PlaceElem<'tcx>,
318     pi2_elem: PlaceElem<'tcx>,
319     bias: PlaceConflictBias,
320 ) -> Overlap {
321     match (pi1_elem, pi2_elem) {
322         (ProjectionElem::Deref, ProjectionElem::Deref) => {
323             // derefs (e.g., `*x` vs. `*x`) - recur.
324             debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-DEREF");
325             Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
326         }
327         (ProjectionElem::Field(f1, _), ProjectionElem::Field(f2, _)) => {
328             if f1 == f2 {
329                 // same field (e.g., `a.y` vs. `a.y`) - recur.
330                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-FIELD");
331                 Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
332             } else {
333                 let ty = Place::ty_from(pi1_local, pi1_proj_base, body, tcx).ty;
334                 if ty.is_union() {
335                     // Different fields of a union, we are basically stuck.
336                     debug!("place_element_conflict: STUCK-UNION");
337                     Overlap::Arbitrary
338                 } else {
339                     // Different fields of a struct (`a.x` vs. `a.y`). Disjoint!
340                     debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-FIELD");
341                     Overlap::Disjoint
342                 }
343             }
344         }
345         (ProjectionElem::Downcast(_, v1), ProjectionElem::Downcast(_, v2)) => {
346             // different variants are treated as having disjoint fields,
347             // even if they occupy the same "space", because it's
348             // impossible for 2 variants of the same enum to exist
349             // (and therefore, to be borrowed) at the same time.
350             //
351             // Note that this is different from unions - we *do* allow
352             // this code to compile:
353             //
354             // ```
355             // fn foo(x: &mut Result<i32, i32>) {
356             //     let mut v = None;
357             //     if let Ok(ref mut a) = *x {
358             //         v = Some(a);
359             //     }
360             //     // here, you would *think* that the
361             //     // *entirety* of `x` would be borrowed,
362             //     // but in fact only the `Ok` variant is,
363             //     // so the `Err` variant is *entirely free*:
364             //     if let Err(ref mut a) = *x {
365             //         v = Some(a);
366             //     }
367             //     drop(v);
368             // }
369             // ```
370             if v1 == v2 {
371                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-FIELD");
372                 Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
373             } else {
374                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-FIELD");
375                 Overlap::Disjoint
376             }
377         }
378         (
379             ProjectionElem::Index(..),
380             ProjectionElem::Index(..)
381             | ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { .. }
382             | ProjectionElem::Subslice { .. },
383         )
384         | (
385             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { .. } | ProjectionElem::Subslice { .. },
386             ProjectionElem::Index(..),
387         ) => {
388             // Array indexes (`a[0]` vs. `a[i]`). These can either be disjoint
389             // (if the indexes differ) or equal (if they are the same).
390             match bias {
391                 PlaceConflictBias::Overlap => {
392                     // If we are biased towards overlapping, then this is the recursive
393                     // case that gives "equal *or* disjoint" its meaning.
394                     debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-ARRAY-INDEX");
395                     Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
396                 }
397                 PlaceConflictBias::NoOverlap => {
398                     // If we are biased towards no overlapping, then this is disjoint.
399                     debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-ARRAY-INDEX");
400                     Overlap::Disjoint
401                 }
402             }
403         }
404         (
405             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset: o1, min_length: _, from_end: false },
406             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset: o2, min_length: _, from_end: false },
407         )
408         | (
409             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset: o1, min_length: _, from_end: true },
410             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset: o2, min_length: _, from_end: true },
411         ) => {
412             if o1 == o2 {
413                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-ARRAY-CONSTANT-INDEX");
414                 Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
415             } else {
416                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-ARRAY-CONSTANT-INDEX");
417                 Overlap::Disjoint
418             }
419         }
420         (
421             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex {
422                 offset: offset_from_begin,
423                 min_length: min_length1,
424                 from_end: false,
425             },
426             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex {
427                 offset: offset_from_end,
428                 min_length: min_length2,
429                 from_end: true,
430             },
431         )
432         | (
433             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex {
434                 offset: offset_from_end,
435                 min_length: min_length1,
436                 from_end: true,
437             },
438             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex {
439                 offset: offset_from_begin,
440                 min_length: min_length2,
441                 from_end: false,
442             },
443         ) => {
444             // both patterns matched so it must be at least the greater of the two
445             let min_length = max(min_length1, min_length2);
446             // `offset_from_end` can be in range `[1..min_length]`, 1 indicates the last
447             // element (like -1 in Python) and `min_length` the first.
448             // Therefore, `min_length - offset_from_end` gives the minimal possible
449             // offset from the beginning
450             if offset_from_begin >= min_length - offset_from_end {
451                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-ARRAY-CONSTANT-INDEX-FE");
452                 Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
453             } else {
454                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-ARRAY-CONSTANT-INDEX-FE");
455                 Overlap::Disjoint
456             }
457         }
458         (
459             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset, min_length: _, from_end: false },
460             ProjectionElem::Subslice { from, to, from_end: false },
461         )
462         | (
463             ProjectionElem::Subslice { from, to, from_end: false },
464             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset, min_length: _, from_end: false },
465         ) => {
466             if (from..to).contains(&offset) {
467                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-ARRAY-CONSTANT-INDEX-SUBSLICE");
468                 Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
469             } else {
470                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-ARRAY-CONSTANT-INDEX-SUBSLICE");
471                 Overlap::Disjoint
472             }
473         }
474         (
475             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset, min_length: _, from_end: false },
476             ProjectionElem::Subslice { from, .. },
477         )
478         | (
479             ProjectionElem::Subslice { from, .. },
480             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset, min_length: _, from_end: false },
481         ) => {
482             if offset >= from {
483                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-SLICE-CONSTANT-INDEX-SUBSLICE");
484                 Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
485             } else {
486                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-SLICE-CONSTANT-INDEX-SUBSLICE");
487                 Overlap::Disjoint
488             }
489         }
490         (
491             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset, min_length: _, from_end: true },
492             ProjectionElem::Subslice { to, from_end: true, .. },
493         )
494         | (
495             ProjectionElem::Subslice { to, from_end: true, .. },
496             ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset, min_length: _, from_end: true },
497         ) => {
498             if offset > to {
499                 debug!(
500                     "place_element_conflict: \
501                        DISJOINT-OR-EQ-SLICE-CONSTANT-INDEX-SUBSLICE-FE"
502                 );
503                 Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
504             } else {
505                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-SLICE-CONSTANT-INDEX-SUBSLICE-FE");
506                 Overlap::Disjoint
507             }
508         }
509         (
510             ProjectionElem::Subslice { from: f1, to: t1, from_end: false },
511             ProjectionElem::Subslice { from: f2, to: t2, from_end: false },
512         ) => {
513             if f2 >= t1 || f1 >= t2 {
514                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-ARRAY-SUBSLICES");
515                 Overlap::Disjoint
516             } else {
517                 debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-ARRAY-SUBSLICES");
518                 Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
519             }
520         }
521         (ProjectionElem::Subslice { .. }, ProjectionElem::Subslice { .. }) => {
522             debug!("place_element_conflict: DISJOINT-OR-EQ-SLICE-SUBSLICES");
523             Overlap::EqualOrDisjoint
524         }
525         (
526             ProjectionElem::Deref
527             | ProjectionElem::Field(..)
528             | ProjectionElem::Index(..)
529             | ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { .. }
530             | ProjectionElem::Subslice { .. }
531             | ProjectionElem::Downcast(..),
532             _,
533         ) => bug!(
534             "mismatched projections in place_element_conflict: {:?} and {:?}",
535             pi1_elem,
536             pi2_elem
537         ),
538     }
539 }