compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs

   1 use super::{ImplTraitContext, LoweringContext, ParamMode, ParenthesizedGenericArgs};
   2
   3 use rustc_ast::attr;
   4 use rustc_ast::ptr::P as AstP;
   5 use rustc_ast::*;
   6 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
   7 use rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack;
   8 use rustc_data_structures::thin_vec::ThinVec;
   9 use rustc_errors::struct_span_err;
  10 use rustc_hir as hir;
  11 use rustc_hir::def::Res;
  12 use rustc_hir::definitions::DefPathData;
  13 use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
  14 use rustc_span::hygiene::ExpnId;
  15 use rustc_span::source_map::{respan, DesugaringKind, Span, Spanned};
  16 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Ident, Symbol};
  17 use rustc_span::{hygiene::ForLoopLoc, DUMMY_SP};
  18 use rustc_target::asm;
  19 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
  20 use std::fmt::Write;
  21
  22 impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
  23     fn lower_exprs(&mut self, exprs: &[AstP<Expr>]) -> &'hir [hir::Expr<'hir>] {
  24         self.arena.alloc_from_iter(exprs.iter().map(|x| self.lower_expr_mut(x)))
  25     }
  26
  27     pub(super) fn lower_expr(&mut self, e: &Expr) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
  28         self.arena.alloc(self.lower_expr_mut(e))
  29     }
  30
  31     pub(super) fn lower_expr_mut(&mut self, e: &Expr) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
  32         ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
  33             let kind = match e.kind {
  34                 ExprKind::Box(ref inner) => hir::ExprKind::Box(self.lower_expr(inner)),
  35                 ExprKind::Array(ref exprs) => hir::ExprKind::Array(self.lower_exprs(exprs)),
  36                 ExprKind::ConstBlock(ref anon_const) => {
  37                     let anon_const = self.lower_anon_const(anon_const);
  38                     hir::ExprKind::ConstBlock(anon_const)
  39                 }
  40                 ExprKind::Repeat(ref expr, ref count) => {
  41                     let expr = self.lower_expr(expr);
  42                     let count = self.lower_anon_const(count);
  43                     hir::ExprKind::Repeat(expr, count)
  44                 }
  45                 ExprKind::Tup(ref elts) => hir::ExprKind::Tup(self.lower_exprs(elts)),
  46                 ExprKind::Call(ref f, ref args) => {
  47                     if let Some(legacy_args) = self.resolver.legacy_const_generic_args(f) {
  48                         self.lower_legacy_const_generics((**f).clone(), args.clone(), &legacy_args)
  49                     } else {
  50                         let f = self.lower_expr(f);
  51                         hir::ExprKind::Call(f, self.lower_exprs(args))
  52                     }
  53                 }
  54                 ExprKind::MethodCall(ref seg, ref args, span) => {
  55                     let hir_seg = self.arena.alloc(self.lower_path_segment(
  56                         e.span,
  57                         seg,
  58                         ParamMode::Optional,
  59                         0,
  60                         ParenthesizedGenericArgs::Err,
  61                         ImplTraitContext::disallowed(),
  62                         None,
  63                     ));
  64                     let args = self.lower_exprs(args);
  65                     hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(hir_seg, seg.ident.span, args, span)
  66                 }
  67                 ExprKind::Binary(binop, ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
  68                     let binop = self.lower_binop(binop);
  69                     let lhs = self.lower_expr(lhs);
  70                     let rhs = self.lower_expr(rhs);
  71                     hir::ExprKind::Binary(binop, lhs, rhs)
  72                 }
  73                 ExprKind::Unary(op, ref ohs) => {
  74                     let op = self.lower_unop(op);
  75                     let ohs = self.lower_expr(ohs);
  76                     hir::ExprKind::Unary(op, ohs)
  77                 }
  78                 ExprKind::Lit(ref l) => hir::ExprKind::Lit(respan(l.span, l.kind.clone())),
  79                 ExprKind::Cast(ref expr, ref ty) => {
  80                     let expr = self.lower_expr(expr);
  81                     let ty = self.lower_ty(ty, ImplTraitContext::disallowed());
  82                     hir::ExprKind::Cast(expr, ty)
  83                 }
  84                 ExprKind::Type(ref expr, ref ty) => {
  85                     let expr = self.lower_expr(expr);
  86                     let ty = self.lower_ty(ty, ImplTraitContext::disallowed());
  87                     hir::ExprKind::Type(expr, ty)
  88                 }
  89                 ExprKind::AddrOf(k, m, ref ohs) => {
  90                     let ohs = self.lower_expr(ohs);
  91                     hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(k, m, ohs)
  92                 }
  93                 ExprKind::Let(ref pat, ref scrutinee) => {
  94                     self.lower_expr_let(e.span, pat, scrutinee)
  95                 }
  96                 ExprKind::If(ref cond, ref then, ref else_opt) => match cond.kind {
  97                     ExprKind::Let(ref pat, ref scrutinee) => {
  98                         self.lower_expr_if_let(e.span, pat, scrutinee, then, else_opt.as_deref())
  99                     }
 100                     ExprKind::Paren(ref paren) => match paren.peel_parens().kind {
 101                         ExprKind::Let(ref pat, ref scrutinee) => {
 102                             // A user has written `if (let Some(x) = foo) {`, we want to avoid
 103                             // confusing them with mentions of nightly features.
 104                             // If this logic is changed, you will also likely need to touch
 105                             // `unused::UnusedParens::check_expr`.
 106                             self.if_let_expr_with_parens(cond, &paren.peel_parens());
 107                             self.lower_expr_if_let(
 108                                 e.span,
 109                                 pat,
 110                                 scrutinee,
 111                                 then,
 112                                 else_opt.as_deref(),
 113                             )
 114                         }
 115                         _ => self.lower_expr_if(cond, then, else_opt.as_deref()),
 116                     },
 117                     _ => self.lower_expr_if(cond, then, else_opt.as_deref()),
 118                 },
 119                 ExprKind::While(ref cond, ref body, opt_label) => self
 120                     .with_loop_scope(e.id, |this| {
 121                         this.lower_expr_while_in_loop_scope(e.span, cond, body, opt_label)
 122                     }),
 123                 ExprKind::Loop(ref body, opt_label) => self.with_loop_scope(e.id, |this| {
 124                     hir::ExprKind::Loop(
 125                         this.lower_block(body, false),
 126                         opt_label,
 127                         hir::LoopSource::Loop,
 128                         DUMMY_SP,
 129                     )
 130                 }),
 131                 ExprKind::TryBlock(ref body) => self.lower_expr_try_block(body),
 132                 ExprKind::Match(ref expr, ref arms) => hir::ExprKind::Match(
 133                     self.lower_expr(expr),
 134                     self.arena.alloc_from_iter(arms.iter().map(|x| self.lower_arm(x))),
 135                     hir::MatchSource::Normal,
 136                 ),
 137                 ExprKind::Async(capture_clause, closure_node_id, ref block) => self
 138                     .make_async_expr(
 139                         capture_clause,
 140                         closure_node_id,
 141                         None,
 142                         block.span,
 143                         hir::AsyncGeneratorKind::Block,
 144                         |this| this.with_new_scopes(|this| this.lower_block_expr(block)),
 145                     ),
 146                 ExprKind::Await(ref expr) => self.lower_expr_await(e.span, expr),
 147                 ExprKind::Closure(
 148                     capture_clause,
 149                     asyncness,
 150                     movability,
 151                     ref decl,
 152                     ref body,
 153                     fn_decl_span,
 154                 ) => {
 155                     if let Async::Yes { closure_id, .. } = asyncness {
 156                         self.lower_expr_async_closure(
 157                             capture_clause,
 158                             closure_id,
 159                             decl,
 160                             body,
 161                             fn_decl_span,
 162                         )
 163                     } else {
 164                         self.lower_expr_closure(
 165                             capture_clause,
 166                             movability,
 167                             decl,
 168                             body,
 169                             fn_decl_span,
 170                         )
 171                     }
 172                 }
 173                 ExprKind::Block(ref blk, opt_label) => {
 174                     hir::ExprKind::Block(self.lower_block(blk, opt_label.is_some()), opt_label)
 175                 }
 176                 ExprKind::Assign(ref el, ref er, span) => {
 177                     self.lower_expr_assign(el, er, span, e.span)
 178                 }
 179                 ExprKind::AssignOp(op, ref el, ref er) => hir::ExprKind::AssignOp(
 180                     self.lower_binop(op),
 181                     self.lower_expr(el),
 182                     self.lower_expr(er),
 183                 ),
 184                 ExprKind::Field(ref el, ident) => hir::ExprKind::Field(self.lower_expr(el), ident),
 185                 ExprKind::Index(ref el, ref er) => {
 186                     hir::ExprKind::Index(self.lower_expr(el), self.lower_expr(er))
 187                 }
 188                 ExprKind::Range(Some(ref e1), Some(ref e2), RangeLimits::Closed) => {
 189                     self.lower_expr_range_closed(e.span, e1, e2)
 190                 }
 191                 ExprKind::Range(ref e1, ref e2, lims) => {
 192                     self.lower_expr_range(e.span, e1.as_deref(), e2.as_deref(), lims)
 193                 }
 194                 ExprKind::Underscore => {
 195                     self.sess
 196                         .struct_span_err(
 197                             e.span,
 198                             "in expressions, `_` can only be used on the left-hand side of an assignment",
 199                         )
 200                         .span_label(e.span, "`_` not allowed here")
 201                         .emit();
 202                     hir::ExprKind::Err
 203                 }
 204                 ExprKind::Path(ref qself, ref path) => {
 205                     let qpath = self.lower_qpath(
 206                         e.id,
 207                         qself,
 208                         path,
 209                         ParamMode::Optional,
 210                         ImplTraitContext::disallowed(),
 211                     );
 212                     hir::ExprKind::Path(qpath)
 213                 }
 214                 ExprKind::Break(opt_label, ref opt_expr) => {
 215                     let opt_expr = opt_expr.as_ref().map(|x| self.lower_expr(x));
 216                     hir::ExprKind::Break(self.lower_jump_destination(e.id, opt_label), opt_expr)
 217                 }
 218                 ExprKind::Continue(opt_label) => {
 219                     hir::ExprKind::Continue(self.lower_jump_destination(e.id, opt_label))
 220                 }
 221                 ExprKind::Ret(ref e) => {
 222                     let e = e.as_ref().map(|x| self.lower_expr(x));
 223                     hir::ExprKind::Ret(e)
 224                 }
 225                 ExprKind::InlineAsm(ref asm) => self.lower_expr_asm(e.span, asm),
 226                 ExprKind::LlvmInlineAsm(ref asm) => self.lower_expr_llvm_asm(asm),
 227                 ExprKind::Struct(ref se) => {
 228                     let rest = match &se.rest {
 229                         StructRest::Base(e) => Some(self.lower_expr(e)),
 230                         StructRest::Rest(sp) => {
 231                             self.sess
 232                                 .struct_span_err(*sp, "base expression required after `..`")
 233                                 .span_label(*sp, "add a base expression here")
 234                                 .emit();
 235                             Some(&*self.arena.alloc(self.expr_err(*sp)))
 236                         }
 237                         StructRest::None => None,
 238                     };
 239                     hir::ExprKind::Struct(
 240                         self.arena.alloc(self.lower_qpath(
 241                             e.id,
 242                             &None,
 243                             &se.path,
 244                             ParamMode::Optional,
 245                             ImplTraitContext::disallowed(),
 246                         )),
 247                         self.arena
 248                             .alloc_from_iter(se.fields.iter().map(|x| self.lower_expr_field(x))),
 249                         rest,
 250                     )
 251                 }
 252                 ExprKind::Yield(ref opt_expr) => self.lower_expr_yield(e.span, opt_expr.as_deref()),
 253                 ExprKind::Err => hir::ExprKind::Err,
 254                 ExprKind::Try(ref sub_expr) => self.lower_expr_try(e.span, sub_expr),
 255                 ExprKind::Paren(ref ex) => {
 256                     let mut ex = self.lower_expr_mut(ex);
 257                     // Include parens in span, but only if it is a super-span.
 258                     if e.span.contains(ex.span) {
 259                         ex.span = e.span;
 260                     }
 261                     // Merge attributes into the inner expression.
 262                     if !e.attrs.is_empty() {
 263                         let old_attrs = self.attrs.get(&ex.hir_id).map(|la| *la).unwrap_or(&[]);
 264                         self.attrs.insert(
 265                             ex.hir_id,
 266                             &*self.arena.alloc_from_iter(
 267                                 e.attrs
 268                                     .iter()
 269                                     .map(|a| self.lower_attr(a))
 270                                     .chain(old_attrs.iter().cloned()),
 271                             ),
 272                         );
 273                     }
 274                     return ex;
 275                 }
 276
 277                 // Desugar `ExprForLoop`
 278                 // from: `[opt_ident]: for <pat> in <head> <body>`
 279                 ExprKind::ForLoop(ref pat, ref head, ref body, opt_label) => {
 280                     return self.lower_expr_for(e, pat, head, body, opt_label);
 281                 }
 282                 ExprKind::MacCall(_) => panic!("{:?} shouldn't exist here", e.span),
 283             };
 284
 285             let hir_id = self.lower_node_id(e.id);
 286             self.lower_attrs(hir_id, &e.attrs);
 287             hir::Expr { hir_id, kind, span: e.span }
 288         })
 289     }
 290
 291     fn lower_unop(&mut self, u: UnOp) -> hir::UnOp {
 292         match u {
 293             UnOp::Deref => hir::UnOp::Deref,
 294             UnOp::Not => hir::UnOp::Not,
 295             UnOp::Neg => hir::UnOp::Neg,
 296         }
 297     }
 298
 299     fn lower_binop(&mut self, b: BinOp) -> hir::BinOp {
 300         Spanned {
 301             node: match b.node {
 302                 BinOpKind::Add => hir::BinOpKind::Add,
 303                 BinOpKind::Sub => hir::BinOpKind::Sub,
 304                 BinOpKind::Mul => hir::BinOpKind::Mul,
 305                 BinOpKind::Div => hir::BinOpKind::Div,
 306                 BinOpKind::Rem => hir::BinOpKind::Rem,
 307                 BinOpKind::And => hir::BinOpKind::And,
 308                 BinOpKind::Or => hir::BinOpKind::Or,
 309                 BinOpKind::BitXor => hir::BinOpKind::BitXor,
 310                 BinOpKind::BitAnd => hir::BinOpKind::BitAnd,
 311                 BinOpKind::BitOr => hir::BinOpKind::BitOr,
 312                 BinOpKind::Shl => hir::BinOpKind::Shl,
 313                 BinOpKind::Shr => hir::BinOpKind::Shr,
 314                 BinOpKind::Eq => hir::BinOpKind::Eq,
 315                 BinOpKind::Lt => hir::BinOpKind::Lt,
 316                 BinOpKind::Le => hir::BinOpKind::Le,
 317                 BinOpKind::Ne => hir::BinOpKind::Ne,
 318                 BinOpKind::Ge => hir::BinOpKind::Ge,
 319                 BinOpKind::Gt => hir::BinOpKind::Gt,
 320             },
 321             span: b.span,
 322         }
 323     }
 324
 325     fn lower_legacy_const_generics(
 326         &mut self,
 327         mut f: Expr,
 328         args: Vec<AstP<Expr>>,
 329         legacy_args_idx: &[usize],
 330     ) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 331         let path = match f.kind {
 332             ExprKind::Path(None, ref mut path) => path,
 333             _ => unreachable!(),
 334         };
 335
 336         // Split the arguments into const generics and normal arguments
 337         let mut real_args = vec![];
 338         let mut generic_args = vec![];
 339         for (idx, arg) in args.into_iter().enumerate() {
 340             if legacy_args_idx.contains(&idx) {
 341                 let parent_def_id = self.current_hir_id_owner.last().unwrap().0;
 342                 let node_id = self.resolver.next_node_id();
 343
 344                 // Add a definition for the in-band const def.
 345                 self.resolver.create_def(
 346                     parent_def_id,
 347                     node_id,
 348                     DefPathData::AnonConst,
 349                     ExpnId::root(),
 350                     arg.span,
 351                 );
 352
 353                 let anon_const = AnonConst { id: node_id, value: arg };
 354                 generic_args.push(AngleBracketedArg::Arg(GenericArg::Const(anon_const)));
 355             } else {
 356                 real_args.push(arg);
 357             }
 358         }
 359
 360         // Add generic args to the last element of the path.
 361         let last_segment = path.segments.last_mut().unwrap();
 362         assert!(last_segment.args.is_none());
 363         last_segment.args = Some(AstP(GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(AngleBracketedArgs {
 364             span: DUMMY_SP,
 365             args: generic_args,
 366         })));
 367
 368         // Now lower everything as normal.
 369         let f = self.lower_expr(&f);
 370         hir::ExprKind::Call(f, self.lower_exprs(&real_args))
 371     }
 372
 373     fn if_let_expr_with_parens(&mut self, cond: &Expr, paren: &Expr) {
 374         let start = cond.span.until(paren.span);
 375         let end = paren.span.shrink_to_hi().until(cond.span.shrink_to_hi());
 376         self.sess
 377             .struct_span_err(
 378                 vec![start, end],
 379                 "invalid parentheses around `let` expression in `if let`",
 380             )
 381             .multipart_suggestion(
 382                 "`if let` needs to be written without parentheses",
 383                 vec![(start, String::new()), (end, String::new())],
 384                 rustc_errors::Applicability::MachineApplicable,
 385             )
 386             .emit();
 387         // Ideally, we'd remove the feature gating of a `let` expression since we are already
 388         // complaining about it here, but `feature_gate::check_crate` has already run by now:
 389         // self.sess.parse_sess.gated_spans.ungate_last(sym::let_chains, paren.span);
 390     }
 391
 392     /// Emit an error and lower `ast::ExprKind::Let(pat, scrutinee)` into:
 393     /// ```rust
 394     /// match scrutinee { pats => true, _ => false }
 395     /// ```
 396     fn lower_expr_let(&mut self, span: Span, pat: &Pat, scrutinee: &Expr) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 397         // If we got here, the `let` expression is not allowed.
 398
 399         if self.sess.opts.unstable_features.is_nightly_build() {
 400             self.sess
 401                 .struct_span_err(span, "`let` expressions are not supported here")
 402                 .note(
 403                     "only supported directly without parentheses in conditions of `if`- and \
 404                      `while`-expressions, as well as in `let` chains within parentheses",
 405                 )
 406                 .emit();
 407         } else {
 408             self.sess
 409                 .struct_span_err(span, "expected expression, found statement (`let`)")
 410                 .note("variable declaration using `let` is a statement")
 411                 .emit();
 412         }
 413
 414         // For better recovery, we emit:
 415         // ```
 416         // match scrutinee { pat => true, _ => false }
 417         // ```
 418         // While this doesn't fully match the user's intent, it has key advantages:
 419         // 1. We can avoid using `abort_if_errors`.
 420         // 2. We can typeck both `pat` and `scrutinee`.
 421         // 3. `pat` is allowed to be refutable.
 422         // 4. The return type of the block is `bool` which seems like what the user wanted.
 423         let scrutinee = self.lower_expr(scrutinee);
 424         let then_arm = {
 425             let pat = self.lower_pat(pat);
 426             let expr = self.expr_bool(span, true);
 427             self.arm(pat, expr)
 428         };
 429         let else_arm = {
 430             let pat = self.pat_wild(span);
 431             let expr = self.expr_bool(span, false);
 432             self.arm(pat, expr)
 433         };
 434         hir::ExprKind::Match(
 435             scrutinee,
 436             arena_vec![self; then_arm, else_arm],
 437             hir::MatchSource::Normal,
 438         )
 439     }
 440
 441     fn lower_expr_if(
 442         &mut self,
 443         cond: &Expr,
 444         then: &Block,
 445         else_opt: Option<&Expr>,
 446     ) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 447         macro_rules! make_if {
 448             ($opt:expr) => {{
 449                 let cond = self.lower_expr(cond);
 450                 let then_expr = self.lower_block_expr(then);
 451                 hir::ExprKind::If(cond, self.arena.alloc(then_expr), $opt)
 452             }};
 453         }
 454         if let Some(rslt) = else_opt {
 455             make_if!(Some(self.lower_expr(rslt)))
 456         } else {
 457             make_if!(None)
 458         }
 459     }
 460
 461     fn lower_expr_if_let(
 462         &mut self,
 463         span: Span,
 464         pat: &Pat,
 465         scrutinee: &Expr,
 466         then: &Block,
 467         else_opt: Option<&Expr>,
 468     ) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 469         // FIXME(#53667): handle lowering of && and parens.
 470
 471         // `_ => else_block` where `else_block` is `{}` if there's `None`:
 472         let else_pat = self.pat_wild(span);
 473         let (else_expr, contains_else_clause) = match else_opt {
 474             None => (self.expr_block_empty(span.shrink_to_hi()), false),
 475             Some(els) => (self.lower_expr(els), true),
 476         };
 477         let else_arm = self.arm(else_pat, else_expr);
 478
 479         // Handle then + scrutinee:
 480         let scrutinee = self.lower_expr(scrutinee);
 481         let then_pat = self.lower_pat(pat);
 482
 483         let then_expr = self.lower_block_expr(then);
 484         let then_arm = self.arm(then_pat, self.arena.alloc(then_expr));
 485
 486         let desugar = hir::MatchSource::IfLetDesugar { contains_else_clause };
 487         hir::ExprKind::Match(scrutinee, arena_vec![self; then_arm, else_arm], desugar)
 488     }
 489
 490     fn lower_expr_while_in_loop_scope(
 491         &mut self,
 492         span: Span,
 493         cond: &Expr,
 494         body: &Block,
 495         opt_label: Option<Label>,
 496     ) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 497         // FIXME(#53667): handle lowering of && and parens.
 498
 499         // Note that the block AND the condition are evaluated in the loop scope.
 500         // This is done to allow `break` from inside the condition of the loop.
 501
 502         // `_ => break`:
 503         let else_arm = {
 504             let else_pat = self.pat_wild(span);
 505             let else_expr = self.expr_break(span, ThinVec::new());
 506             self.arm(else_pat, else_expr)
 507         };
 508
 509         // Handle then + scrutinee:
 510         let (then_pat, scrutinee, desugar, source) = match cond.kind {
 511             ExprKind::Let(ref pat, ref scrutinee) => {
 512                 // to:
 513                 //
 514                 //   [opt_ident]: loop {
 515                 //     match <sub_expr> {
 516                 //       <pat> => <body>,
 517                 //       _ => break
 518                 //     }
 519                 //   }
 520                 let scrutinee = self.with_loop_condition_scope(|t| t.lower_expr(scrutinee));
 521                 let pat = self.lower_pat(pat);
 522                 (pat, scrutinee, hir::MatchSource::WhileLetDesugar, hir::LoopSource::WhileLet)
 523             }
 524             _ => {
 525                 // We desugar: `'label: while $cond $body` into:
 526                 //
 527                 // ```
 528                 // 'label: loop {
 529                 //     match drop-temps { $cond } {
 530                 //         true => $body,
 531                 //         _ => break,
 532                 //     }
 533                 // }
 534                 // ```
 535
 536                 // Lower condition:
 537                 let cond = self.with_loop_condition_scope(|this| this.lower_expr(cond));
 538                 let span_block =
 539                     self.mark_span_with_reason(DesugaringKind::CondTemporary, cond.span, None);
 540                 // Wrap in a construct equivalent to `{ let _t = $cond; _t }`
 541                 // to preserve drop semantics since `while cond { ... }` does not
 542                 // let temporaries live outside of `cond`.
 543                 let cond = self.expr_drop_temps(span_block, cond, ThinVec::new());
 544                 // `true => <then>`:
 545                 let pat = self.pat_bool(span, true);
 546                 (pat, cond, hir::MatchSource::WhileDesugar, hir::LoopSource::While)
 547             }
 548         };
 549         let then_expr = self.lower_block_expr(body);
 550         let then_arm = self.arm(then_pat, self.arena.alloc(then_expr));
 551
 552         // `match <scrutinee> { ... }`
 553         let match_expr =
 554             self.expr_match(span, scrutinee, arena_vec![self; then_arm, else_arm], desugar);
 555
 556         // `[opt_ident]: loop { ... }`
 557         hir::ExprKind::Loop(
 558             self.block_expr(self.arena.alloc(match_expr)),
 559             opt_label,
 560             source,
 561             span.with_hi(cond.span.hi()),
 562         )
 563     }
 564
 565     /// Desugar `try { <stmts>; <expr> }` into `{ <stmts>; ::std::ops::Try::from_ok(<expr>) }`,
 566     /// `try { <stmts>; }` into `{ <stmts>; ::std::ops::Try::from_ok(()) }`
 567     /// and save the block id to use it as a break target for desugaring of the `?` operator.
 568     fn lower_expr_try_block(&mut self, body: &Block) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 569         self.with_catch_scope(body.id, |this| {
 570             let mut block = this.lower_block_noalloc(body, true);
 571
 572             // Final expression of the block (if present) or `()` with span at the end of block
 573             let (try_span, tail_expr) = if let Some(expr) = block.expr.take() {
 574                 (
 575                     this.mark_span_with_reason(
 576                         DesugaringKind::TryBlock,
 577                         expr.span,
 578                         this.allow_try_trait.clone(),
 579                     ),
 580                     expr,
 581                 )
 582             } else {
 583                 let try_span = this.mark_span_with_reason(
 584                     DesugaringKind::TryBlock,
 585                     this.sess.source_map().end_point(body.span),
 586                     this.allow_try_trait.clone(),
 587                 );
 588
 589                 (try_span, this.expr_unit(try_span))
 590             };
 591
 592             let ok_wrapped_span =
 593                 this.mark_span_with_reason(DesugaringKind::TryBlock, tail_expr.span, None);
 594
 595             // `::std::ops::Try::from_ok($tail_expr)`
 596             block.expr = Some(this.wrap_in_try_constructor(
 597                 hir::LangItem::TryFromOk,
 598                 try_span,
 599                 tail_expr,
 600                 ok_wrapped_span,
 601             ));
 602
 603             hir::ExprKind::Block(this.arena.alloc(block), None)
 604         })
 605     }
 606
 607     fn wrap_in_try_constructor(
 608         &mut self,
 609         lang_item: hir::LangItem,
 610         method_span: Span,
 611         expr: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>,
 612         overall_span: Span,
 613     ) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
 614         let constructor =
 615             self.arena.alloc(self.expr_lang_item_path(method_span, lang_item, ThinVec::new()));
 616         self.expr_call(overall_span, constructor, std::slice::from_ref(expr))
 617     }
 618
 619     fn lower_arm(&mut self, arm: &Arm) -> hir::Arm<'hir> {
 620         let pat = self.lower_pat(&arm.pat);
 621         let guard = arm.guard.as_ref().map(|cond| {
 622             if let ExprKind::Let(ref pat, ref scrutinee) = cond.kind {
 623                 hir::Guard::IfLet(self.lower_pat(pat), self.lower_expr(scrutinee))
 624             } else {
 625                 hir::Guard::If(self.lower_expr(cond))
 626             }
 627         });
 628         let hir_id = self.next_id();
 629         self.lower_attrs(hir_id, &arm.attrs);
 630         hir::Arm { hir_id, pat, guard, body: self.lower_expr(&arm.body), span: arm.span }
 631     }
 632
 633     /// Lower an `async` construct to a generator that is then wrapped so it implements `Future`.
 634     ///
 635     /// This results in:
 636     ///
 637     /// ```text
 638     /// std::future::from_generator(static move? |_task_context| -> <ret_ty> {
 639     ///     <body>
 640     /// })
 641     /// ```
 642     pub(super) fn make_async_expr(
 643         &mut self,
 644         capture_clause: CaptureBy,
 645         closure_node_id: NodeId,
 646         ret_ty: Option<AstP<Ty>>,
 647         span: Span,
 648         async_gen_kind: hir::AsyncGeneratorKind,
 649         body: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> hir::Expr<'hir>,
 650     ) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 651         let output = match ret_ty {
 652             Some(ty) => hir::FnRetTy::Return(self.lower_ty(&ty, ImplTraitContext::disallowed())),
 653             None => hir::FnRetTy::DefaultReturn(span),
 654         };
 655
 656         // Resume argument type. We let the compiler infer this to simplify the lowering. It is
 657         // fully constrained by `future::from_generator`.
 658         let input_ty = hir::Ty { hir_id: self.next_id(), kind: hir::TyKind::Infer, span };
 659
 660         // The closure/generator `FnDecl` takes a single (resume) argument of type `input_ty`.
 661         let decl = self.arena.alloc(hir::FnDecl {
 662             inputs: arena_vec![self; input_ty],
 663             output,
 664             c_variadic: false,
 665             implicit_self: hir::ImplicitSelfKind::None,
 666         });
 667
 668         // Lower the argument pattern/ident. The ident is used again in the `.await` lowering.
 669         let (pat, task_context_hid) = self.pat_ident_binding_mode(
 670             span,
 671             Ident::with_dummy_span(sym::_task_context),
 672             hir::BindingAnnotation::Mutable,
 673         );
 674         let param = hir::Param { hir_id: self.next_id(), pat, ty_span: span, span };
 675         let params = arena_vec![self; param];
 676
 677         let body_id = self.lower_body(move |this| {
 678             this.generator_kind = Some(hir::GeneratorKind::Async(async_gen_kind));
 679
 680             let old_ctx = this.task_context;
 681             this.task_context = Some(task_context_hid);
 682             let res = body(this);
 683             this.task_context = old_ctx;
 684             (params, res)
 685         });
 686
 687         // `static |_task_context| -> <ret_ty> { body }`:
 688         let generator_kind = hir::ExprKind::Closure(
 689             capture_clause,
 690             decl,
 691             body_id,
 692             span,
 693             Some(hir::Movability::Static),
 694         );
 695         let generator =
 696             hir::Expr { hir_id: self.lower_node_id(closure_node_id), kind: generator_kind, span };
 697
 698         // `future::from_generator`:
 699         let unstable_span =
 700             self.mark_span_with_reason(DesugaringKind::Async, span, self.allow_gen_future.clone());
 701         let gen_future =
 702             self.expr_lang_item_path(unstable_span, hir::LangItem::FromGenerator, ThinVec::new());
 703
 704         // `future::from_generator(generator)`:
 705         hir::ExprKind::Call(self.arena.alloc(gen_future), arena_vec![self; generator])
 706     }
 707
 708     /// Desugar `<expr>.await` into:
 709     /// ```rust
 710     /// match <expr> {
 711     ///     mut pinned => loop {
 712     ///         match unsafe { ::std::future::Future::poll(
 713     ///             <::std::pin::Pin>::new_unchecked(&mut pinned),
 714     ///             ::std::future::get_context(task_context),
 715     ///         ) } {
 716     ///             ::std::task::Poll::Ready(result) => break result,
 717     ///             ::std::task::Poll::Pending => {}
 718     ///         }
 719     ///         task_context = yield ();
 720     ///     }
 721     /// }
 722     /// ```
 723     fn lower_expr_await(&mut self, await_span: Span, expr: &Expr) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 724         match self.generator_kind {
 725             Some(hir::GeneratorKind::Async(_)) => {}
 726             Some(hir::GeneratorKind::Gen) | None => {
 727                 let mut err = struct_span_err!(
 728                     self.sess,
 729                     await_span,
 730                     E0728,
 731                     "`await` is only allowed inside `async` functions and blocks"
 732                 );
 733                 err.span_label(await_span, "only allowed inside `async` functions and blocks");
 734                 if let Some(item_sp) = self.current_item {
 735                     err.span_label(item_sp, "this is not `async`");
 736                 }
 737                 err.emit();
 738             }
 739         }
 740         let span = self.mark_span_with_reason(DesugaringKind::Await, await_span, None);
 741         let gen_future_span = self.mark_span_with_reason(
 742             DesugaringKind::Await,
 743             await_span,
 744             self.allow_gen_future.clone(),
 745         );
 746         let expr = self.lower_expr(expr);
 747
 748         let pinned_ident = Ident::with_dummy_span(sym::pinned);
 749         let (pinned_pat, pinned_pat_hid) =
 750             self.pat_ident_binding_mode(span, pinned_ident, hir::BindingAnnotation::Mutable);
 751
 752         let task_context_ident = Ident::with_dummy_span(sym::_task_context);
 753
 754         // unsafe {
 755         //     ::std::future::Future::poll(
 756         //         ::std::pin::Pin::new_unchecked(&mut pinned),
 757         //         ::std::future::get_context(task_context),
 758         //     )
 759         // }
 760         let poll_expr = {
 761             let pinned = self.expr_ident(span, pinned_ident, pinned_pat_hid);
 762             let ref_mut_pinned = self.expr_mut_addr_of(span, pinned);
 763             let task_context = if let Some(task_context_hid) = self.task_context {
 764                 self.expr_ident_mut(span, task_context_ident, task_context_hid)
 765             } else {
 766                 // Use of `await` outside of an async context, we cannot use `task_context` here.
 767                 self.expr_err(span)
 768             };
 769             let new_unchecked = self.expr_call_lang_item_fn_mut(
 770                 span,
 771                 hir::LangItem::PinNewUnchecked,
 772                 arena_vec![self; ref_mut_pinned],
 773             );
 774             let get_context = self.expr_call_lang_item_fn_mut(
 775                 gen_future_span,
 776                 hir::LangItem::GetContext,
 777                 arena_vec![self; task_context],
 778             );
 779             let call = self.expr_call_lang_item_fn(
 780                 span,
 781                 hir::LangItem::FuturePoll,
 782                 arena_vec![self; new_unchecked, get_context],
 783             );
 784             self.arena.alloc(self.expr_unsafe(call))
 785         };
 786
 787         // `::std::task::Poll::Ready(result) => break result`
 788         let loop_node_id = self.resolver.next_node_id();
 789         let loop_hir_id = self.lower_node_id(loop_node_id);
 790         let ready_arm = {
 791             let x_ident = Ident::with_dummy_span(sym::result);
 792             let (x_pat, x_pat_hid) = self.pat_ident(span, x_ident);
 793             let x_expr = self.expr_ident(span, x_ident, x_pat_hid);
 794             let ready_field = self.single_pat_field(span, x_pat);
 795             let ready_pat = self.pat_lang_item_variant(span, hir::LangItem::PollReady, ready_field);
 796             let break_x = self.with_loop_scope(loop_node_id, move |this| {
 797                 let expr_break =
 798                     hir::ExprKind::Break(this.lower_loop_destination(None), Some(x_expr));
 799                 this.arena.alloc(this.expr(await_span, expr_break, ThinVec::new()))
 800             });
 801             self.arm(ready_pat, break_x)
 802         };
 803
 804         // `::std::task::Poll::Pending => {}`
 805         let pending_arm = {
 806             let pending_pat = self.pat_lang_item_variant(span, hir::LangItem::PollPending, &[]);
 807             let empty_block = self.expr_block_empty(span);
 808             self.arm(pending_pat, empty_block)
 809         };
 810
 811         let inner_match_stmt = {
 812             let match_expr = self.expr_match(
 813                 span,
 814                 poll_expr,
 815                 arena_vec![self; ready_arm, pending_arm],
 816                 hir::MatchSource::AwaitDesugar,
 817             );
 818             self.stmt_expr(span, match_expr)
 819         };
 820
 821         // task_context = yield ();
 822         let yield_stmt = {
 823             let unit = self.expr_unit(span);
 824             let yield_expr = self.expr(
 825                 span,
 826                 hir::ExprKind::Yield(unit, hir::YieldSource::Await { expr: Some(expr.hir_id) }),
 827                 ThinVec::new(),
 828             );
 829             let yield_expr = self.arena.alloc(yield_expr);
 830
 831             if let Some(task_context_hid) = self.task_context {
 832                 let lhs = self.expr_ident(span, task_context_ident, task_context_hid);
 833                 let assign =
 834                     self.expr(span, hir::ExprKind::Assign(lhs, yield_expr, span), AttrVec::new());
 835                 self.stmt_expr(span, assign)
 836             } else {
 837                 // Use of `await` outside of an async context. Return `yield_expr` so that we can
 838                 // proceed with type checking.
 839                 self.stmt(span, hir::StmtKind::Semi(yield_expr))
 840             }
 841         };
 842
 843         let loop_block = self.block_all(span, arena_vec![self; inner_match_stmt, yield_stmt], None);
 844
 845         // loop { .. }
 846         let loop_expr = self.arena.alloc(hir::Expr {
 847             hir_id: loop_hir_id,
 848             kind: hir::ExprKind::Loop(loop_block, None, hir::LoopSource::Loop, span),
 849             span,
 850         });
 851
 852         // mut pinned => loop { ... }
 853         let pinned_arm = self.arm(pinned_pat, loop_expr);
 854
 855         // match <expr> {
 856         //     mut pinned => loop { .. }
 857         // }
 858         hir::ExprKind::Match(expr, arena_vec![self; pinned_arm], hir::MatchSource::AwaitDesugar)
 859     }
 860
 861     fn lower_expr_closure(
 862         &mut self,
 863         capture_clause: CaptureBy,
 864         movability: Movability,
 865         decl: &FnDecl,
 866         body: &Expr,
 867         fn_decl_span: Span,
 868     ) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 869         let (body_id, generator_option) = self.with_new_scopes(move |this| {
 870             let prev = this.current_item;
 871             this.current_item = Some(fn_decl_span);
 872             let mut generator_kind = None;
 873             let body_id = this.lower_fn_body(decl, |this| {
 874                 let e = this.lower_expr_mut(body);
 875                 generator_kind = this.generator_kind;
 876                 e
 877             });
 878             let generator_option =
 879                 this.generator_movability_for_fn(&decl, fn_decl_span, generator_kind, movability);
 880             this.current_item = prev;
 881             (body_id, generator_option)
 882         });
 883
 884         // Lower outside new scope to preserve `is_in_loop_condition`.
 885         let fn_decl = self.lower_fn_decl(decl, None, false, None);
 886
 887         hir::ExprKind::Closure(capture_clause, fn_decl, body_id, fn_decl_span, generator_option)
 888     }
 889
 890     fn generator_movability_for_fn(
 891         &mut self,
 892         decl: &FnDecl,
 893         fn_decl_span: Span,
 894         generator_kind: Option<hir::GeneratorKind>,
 895         movability: Movability,
 896     ) -> Option<hir::Movability> {
 897         match generator_kind {
 898             Some(hir::GeneratorKind::Gen) => {
 899                 if decl.inputs.len() > 1 {
 900                     struct_span_err!(
 901                         self.sess,
 902                         fn_decl_span,
 903                         E0628,
 904                         "too many parameters for a generator (expected 0 or 1 parameters)"
 905                     )
 906                     .emit();
 907                 }
 908                 Some(movability)
 909             }
 910             Some(hir::GeneratorKind::Async(_)) => {
 911                 panic!("non-`async` closure body turned `async` during lowering");
 912             }
 913             None => {
 914                 if movability == Movability::Static {
 915                     struct_span_err!(self.sess, fn_decl_span, E0697, "closures cannot be static")
 916                         .emit();
 917                 }
 918                 None
 919             }
 920         }
 921     }
 922
 923     fn lower_expr_async_closure(
 924         &mut self,
 925         capture_clause: CaptureBy,
 926         closure_id: NodeId,
 927         decl: &FnDecl,
 928         body: &Expr,
 929         fn_decl_span: Span,
 930     ) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 931         let outer_decl =
 932             FnDecl { inputs: decl.inputs.clone(), output: FnRetTy::Default(fn_decl_span) };
 933
 934         let body_id = self.with_new_scopes(|this| {
 935             // FIXME(cramertj): allow `async` non-`move` closures with arguments.
 936             if capture_clause == CaptureBy::Ref && !decl.inputs.is_empty() {
 937                 struct_span_err!(
 938                     this.sess,
 939                     fn_decl_span,
 940                     E0708,
 941                     "`async` non-`move` closures with parameters are not currently supported",
 942                 )
 943                 .help(
 944                     "consider using `let` statements to manually capture \
 945                     variables by reference before entering an `async move` closure",
 946                 )
 947                 .emit();
 948             }
 949
 950             // Transform `async |x: u8| -> X { ... }` into
 951             // `|x: u8| future_from_generator(|| -> X { ... })`.
 952             let body_id = this.lower_fn_body(&outer_decl, |this| {
 953                 let async_ret_ty =
 954                     if let FnRetTy::Ty(ty) = &decl.output { Some(ty.clone()) } else { None };
 955                 let async_body = this.make_async_expr(
 956                     capture_clause,
 957                     closure_id,
 958                     async_ret_ty,
 959                     body.span,
 960                     hir::AsyncGeneratorKind::Closure,
 961                     |this| this.with_new_scopes(|this| this.lower_expr_mut(body)),
 962                 );
 963                 this.expr(fn_decl_span, async_body, ThinVec::new())
 964             });
 965             body_id
 966         });
 967
 968         // We need to lower the declaration outside the new scope, because we
 969         // have to conserve the state of being inside a loop condition for the
 970         // closure argument types.
 971         let fn_decl = self.lower_fn_decl(&outer_decl, None, false, None);
 972
 973         hir::ExprKind::Closure(capture_clause, fn_decl, body_id, fn_decl_span, None)
 974     }
 975
 976     /// Destructure the LHS of complex assignments.
 977     /// For instance, lower `(a, b) = t` to `{ let (lhs1, lhs2) = t; a = lhs1; b = lhs2; }`.
 978     fn lower_expr_assign(
 979         &mut self,
 980         lhs: &Expr,
 981         rhs: &Expr,
 982         eq_sign_span: Span,
 983         whole_span: Span,
 984     ) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
 985         // Return early in case of an ordinary assignment.
 986         fn is_ordinary(lower_ctx: &mut LoweringContext<'_, '_>, lhs: &Expr) -> bool {
 987             match &lhs.kind {
 988                 ExprKind::Array(..)
 989                 | ExprKind::Struct(..)
 990                 | ExprKind::Tup(..)
 991                 | ExprKind::Underscore => false,
 992                 // Check for tuple struct constructor.
 993                 ExprKind::Call(callee, ..) => lower_ctx.extract_tuple_struct_path(callee).is_none(),
 994                 ExprKind::Paren(e) => {
 995                     match e.kind {
 996                         // We special-case `(..)` for consistency with patterns.
 997                         ExprKind::Range(None, None, RangeLimits::HalfOpen) => false,
 998                         _ => is_ordinary(lower_ctx, e),
 999                     }
1000                 }
1001                 _ => true,
1002             }
1003         }
1004         if is_ordinary(self, lhs) {
1005             return hir::ExprKind::Assign(self.lower_expr(lhs), self.lower_expr(rhs), eq_sign_span);
1006         }
1007         if !self.sess.features_untracked().destructuring_assignment {
1008             feature_err(
1009                 &self.sess.parse_sess,
1010                 sym::destructuring_assignment,
1011                 eq_sign_span,
1012                 "destructuring assignments are unstable",
1013             )
1014             .span_label(lhs.span, "cannot assign to this expression")
1015             .emit();
1016         }
1017
1018         let mut assignments = vec![];
1019
1020         // The LHS becomes a pattern: `(lhs1, lhs2)`.
1021         let pat = self.destructure_assign(lhs, eq_sign_span, &mut assignments);
1022         let rhs = self.lower_expr(rhs);
1023
1024         // Introduce a `let` for destructuring: `let (lhs1, lhs2) = t`.
1025         let destructure_let = self.stmt_let_pat(
1026             None,
1027             whole_span,
1028             Some(rhs),
1029             pat,
1030             hir::LocalSource::AssignDesugar(eq_sign_span),
1031         );
1032
1033         // `a = lhs1; b = lhs2;`.
1034         let stmts = self
1035             .arena
1036             .alloc_from_iter(std::iter::once(destructure_let).chain(assignments.into_iter()));
1037
1038         // Wrap everything in a block.
1039         hir::ExprKind::Block(&self.block_all(whole_span, stmts, None), None)
1040     }
1041
1042     /// If the given expression is a path to a tuple struct, returns that path.
1043     /// It is not a complete check, but just tries to reject most paths early
1044     /// if they are not tuple structs.
1045     /// Type checking will take care of the full validation later.
1046     fn extract_tuple_struct_path<'a>(&mut self, expr: &'a Expr) -> Option<&'a Path> {
1047         // For tuple struct destructuring, it must be a non-qualified path (like in patterns).
1048         if let ExprKind::Path(None, path) = &expr.kind {
1049             // Does the path resolves to something disallowed in a tuple struct/variant pattern?
1050             if let Some(partial_res) = self.resolver.get_partial_res(expr.id) {
1051                 if partial_res.unresolved_segments() == 0
1052                     && !partial_res.base_res().expected_in_tuple_struct_pat()
1053                 {
1054                     return None;
1055                 }
1056             }
1057             return Some(path);
1058         }
1059         None
1060     }
1061
1062     /// Convert the LHS of a destructuring assignment to a pattern.
1063     /// Each sub-assignment is recorded in `assignments`.
1064     fn destructure_assign(
1065         &mut self,
1066         lhs: &Expr,
1067         eq_sign_span: Span,
1068         assignments: &mut Vec<hir::Stmt<'hir>>,
1069     ) -> &'hir hir::Pat<'hir> {
1070         match &lhs.kind {
1071             // Underscore pattern.
1072             ExprKind::Underscore => {
1073                 return self.pat_without_dbm(lhs.span, hir::PatKind::Wild);
1074             }
1075             // Slice patterns.
1076             ExprKind::Array(elements) => {
1077                 let (pats, rest) =
1078                     self.destructure_sequence(elements, "slice", eq_sign_span, assignments);
1079                 let slice_pat = if let Some((i, span)) = rest {
1080                     let (before, after) = pats.split_at(i);
1081                     hir::PatKind::Slice(
1082                         before,
1083                         Some(self.pat_without_dbm(span, hir::PatKind::Wild)),
1084                         after,
1085                     )
1086                 } else {
1087                     hir::PatKind::Slice(pats, None, &[])
1088                 };
1089                 return self.pat_without_dbm(lhs.span, slice_pat);
1090             }
1091             // Tuple structs.
1092             ExprKind::Call(callee, args) => {
1093                 if let Some(path) = self.extract_tuple_struct_path(callee) {
1094                     let (pats, rest) = self.destructure_sequence(
1095                         args,
1096                         "tuple struct or variant",
1097                         eq_sign_span,
1098                         assignments,
1099                     );
1100                     let qpath = self.lower_qpath(
1101                         callee.id,
1102                         &None,
1103                         path,
1104                         ParamMode::Optional,
1105                         ImplTraitContext::disallowed(),
1106                     );
1107                     // Destructure like a tuple struct.
1108                     let tuple_struct_pat =
1109                         hir::PatKind::TupleStruct(qpath, pats, rest.map(|r| r.0));
1110                     return self.pat_without_dbm(lhs.span, tuple_struct_pat);
1111                 }
1112             }
1113             // Structs.
1114             ExprKind::Struct(se) => {
1115                 let field_pats = self.arena.alloc_from_iter(se.fields.iter().map(|f| {
1116                     let pat = self.destructure_assign(&f.expr, eq_sign_span, assignments);
1117                     hir::PatField {
1118                         hir_id: self.next_id(),
1119                         ident: f.ident,
1120                         pat,
1121                         is_shorthand: f.is_shorthand,
1122                         span: f.span,
1123                     }
1124                 }));
1125                 let qpath = self.lower_qpath(
1126                     lhs.id,
1127                     &None,
1128                     &se.path,
1129                     ParamMode::Optional,
1130                     ImplTraitContext::disallowed(),
1131                 );
1132                 let fields_omitted = match &se.rest {
1133                     StructRest::Base(e) => {
1134                         self.sess
1135                             .struct_span_err(
1136                                 e.span,
1137                                 "functional record updates are not allowed in destructuring \
1138                                     assignments",
1139                             )
1140                             .span_suggestion(
1141                                 e.span,
1142                                 "consider removing the trailing pattern",
1143                                 String::new(),
1144                                 rustc_errors::Applicability::MachineApplicable,
1145                             )
1146                             .emit();
1147                         true
1148                     }
1149                     StructRest::Rest(_) => true,
1150                     StructRest::None => false,
1151                 };
1152                 let struct_pat = hir::PatKind::Struct(qpath, field_pats, fields_omitted);
1153                 return self.pat_without_dbm(lhs.span, struct_pat);
1154             }
1155             // Tuples.
1156             ExprKind::Tup(elements) => {
1157                 let (pats, rest) =
1158                     self.destructure_sequence(elements, "tuple", eq_sign_span, assignments);
1159                 let tuple_pat = hir::PatKind::Tuple(pats, rest.map(|r| r.0));
1160                 return self.pat_without_dbm(lhs.span, tuple_pat);
1161             }
1162             ExprKind::Paren(e) => {
1163                 // We special-case `(..)` for consistency with patterns.
1164                 if let ExprKind::Range(None, None, RangeLimits::HalfOpen) = e.kind {
1165                     let tuple_pat = hir::PatKind::Tuple(&[], Some(0));
1166                     return self.pat_without_dbm(lhs.span, tuple_pat);
1167                 } else {
1168                     return self.destructure_assign(e, eq_sign_span, assignments);
1169                 }
1170             }
1171             _ => {}
1172         }
1173         // Treat all other cases as normal lvalue.
1174         let ident = Ident::new(sym::lhs, lhs.span);
1175         let (pat, binding) = self.pat_ident(lhs.span, ident);
1176         let ident = self.expr_ident(lhs.span, ident, binding);
1177         let assign = hir::ExprKind::Assign(self.lower_expr(lhs), ident, eq_sign_span);
1178         let expr = self.expr(lhs.span, assign, ThinVec::new());
1179         assignments.push(self.stmt_expr(lhs.span, expr));
1180         pat
1181     }
1182
1183     /// Destructure a sequence of expressions occurring on the LHS of an assignment.
1184     /// Such a sequence occurs in a tuple (struct)/slice.
1185     /// Return a sequence of corresponding patterns, and the index and the span of `..` if it
1186     /// exists.
1187     /// Each sub-assignment is recorded in `assignments`.
1188     fn destructure_sequence(
1189         &mut self,
1190         elements: &[AstP<Expr>],
1191         ctx: &str,
1192         eq_sign_span: Span,
1193         assignments: &mut Vec<hir::Stmt<'hir>>,
1194     ) -> (&'hir [&'hir hir::Pat<'hir>], Option<(usize, Span)>) {
1195         let mut rest = None;
1196         let elements =
1197             self.arena.alloc_from_iter(elements.iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(i, e)| {
1198                 // Check for `..` pattern.
1199                 if let ExprKind::Range(None, None, RangeLimits::HalfOpen) = e.kind {
1200                     if let Some((_, prev_span)) = rest {
1201                         self.ban_extra_rest_pat(e.span, prev_span, ctx);
1202                     } else {
1203                         rest = Some((i, e.span));
1204                     }
1205                     None
1206                 } else {
1207                     Some(self.destructure_assign(e, eq_sign_span, assignments))
1208                 }
1209             }));
1210         (elements, rest)
1211     }
1212
1213     /// Desugar `<start>..=<end>` into `std::ops::RangeInclusive::new(<start>, <end>)`.
1214     fn lower_expr_range_closed(&mut self, span: Span, e1: &Expr, e2: &Expr) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
1215         let e1 = self.lower_expr_mut(e1);
1216         let e2 = self.lower_expr_mut(e2);
1217         let fn_path = hir::QPath::LangItem(hir::LangItem::RangeInclusiveNew, span);
1218         let fn_expr =
1219             self.arena.alloc(self.expr(span, hir::ExprKind::Path(fn_path), ThinVec::new()));
1220         hir::ExprKind::Call(fn_expr, arena_vec![self; e1, e2])
1221     }
1222
1223     fn lower_expr_range(
1224         &mut self,
1225         span: Span,
1226         e1: Option<&Expr>,
1227         e2: Option<&Expr>,
1228         lims: RangeLimits,
1229     ) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
1230         use rustc_ast::RangeLimits::*;
1231
1232         let lang_item = match (e1, e2, lims) {
1233             (None, None, HalfOpen) => hir::LangItem::RangeFull,
1234             (Some(..), None, HalfOpen) => hir::LangItem::RangeFrom,
1235             (None, Some(..), HalfOpen) => hir::LangItem::RangeTo,
1236             (Some(..), Some(..), HalfOpen) => hir::LangItem::Range,
1237             (None, Some(..), Closed) => hir::LangItem::RangeToInclusive,
1238             (Some(..), Some(..), Closed) => unreachable!(),
1239             (_, None, Closed) => {
1240                 self.diagnostic().span_fatal(span, "inclusive range with no end").raise()
1241             }
1242         };
1243
1244         let fields = self.arena.alloc_from_iter(
1245             e1.iter().map(|e| ("start", e)).chain(e2.iter().map(|e| ("end", e))).map(|(s, e)| {
1246                 let expr = self.lower_expr(&e);
1247                 let ident = Ident::new(Symbol::intern(s), e.span);
1248                 self.expr_field(ident, expr, e.span)
1249             }),
1250         );
1251
1252         hir::ExprKind::Struct(self.arena.alloc(hir::QPath::LangItem(lang_item, span)), fields, None)
1253     }
1254
1255     fn lower_loop_destination(&mut self, destination: Option<(NodeId, Label)>) -> hir::Destination {
1256         let target_id = match destination {
1257             Some((id, _)) => {
1258                 if let Some(loop_id) = self.resolver.get_label_res(id) {
1259                     Ok(self.lower_node_id(loop_id))
1260                 } else {
1261                     Err(hir::LoopIdError::UnresolvedLabel)
1262                 }
1263             }
1264             None => self
1265                 .loop_scopes
1266                 .last()
1267                 .cloned()
1268                 .map(|id| Ok(self.lower_node_id(id)))
1269                 .unwrap_or(Err(hir::LoopIdError::OutsideLoopScope)),
1270         };
1271         hir::Destination { label: destination.map(|(_, label)| label), target_id }
1272     }
1273
1274     fn lower_jump_destination(&mut self, id: NodeId, opt_label: Option<Label>) -> hir::Destination {
1275         if self.is_in_loop_condition && opt_label.is_none() {
1276             hir::Destination {
1277                 label: None,
1278                 target_id: Err(hir::LoopIdError::UnlabeledCfInWhileCondition),
1279             }
1280         } else {
1281             self.lower_loop_destination(opt_label.map(|label| (id, label)))
1282         }
1283     }
1284
1285     fn with_catch_scope<T>(&mut self, catch_id: NodeId, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> T) -> T {
1286         let len = self.catch_scopes.len();
1287         self.catch_scopes.push(catch_id);
1288
1289         let result = f(self);
1290         assert_eq!(
1291             len + 1,
1292             self.catch_scopes.len(),
1293             "catch scopes should be added and removed in stack order"
1294         );
1295
1296         self.catch_scopes.pop().unwrap();
1297
1298         result
1299     }
1300
1301     fn with_loop_scope<T>(&mut self, loop_id: NodeId, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> T) -> T {
1302         // We're no longer in the base loop's condition; we're in another loop.
1303         let was_in_loop_condition = self.is_in_loop_condition;
1304         self.is_in_loop_condition = false;
1305
1306         let len = self.loop_scopes.len();
1307         self.loop_scopes.push(loop_id);
1308
1309         let result = f(self);
1310         assert_eq!(
1311             len + 1,
1312             self.loop_scopes.len(),
1313             "loop scopes should be added and removed in stack order"
1314         );
1315
1316         self.loop_scopes.pop().unwrap();
1317
1318         self.is_in_loop_condition = was_in_loop_condition;
1319
1320         result
1321     }
1322
1323     fn with_loop_condition_scope<T>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> T) -> T {
1324         let was_in_loop_condition = self.is_in_loop_condition;
1325         self.is_in_loop_condition = true;
1326
1327         let result = f(self);
1328
1329         self.is_in_loop_condition = was_in_loop_condition;
1330
1331         result
1332     }
1333
1334     fn lower_expr_asm(&mut self, sp: Span, asm: &InlineAsm) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
1335         // Rustdoc needs to support asm! from foriegn architectures: don't try
1336         // lowering the register contraints in this case.
1337         let asm_arch = if self.sess.opts.actually_rustdoc { None } else { self.sess.asm_arch };
1338         if asm_arch.is_none() && !self.sess.opts.actually_rustdoc {
1339             struct_span_err!(self.sess, sp, E0472, "asm! is unsupported on this target").emit();
1340         }
1341         if asm.options.contains(InlineAsmOptions::ATT_SYNTAX)
1342             && !matches!(asm_arch, Some(asm::InlineAsmArch::X86 | asm::InlineAsmArch::X86_64))
1343             && !self.sess.opts.actually_rustdoc
1344         {
1345             self.sess
1346                 .struct_span_err(sp, "the `att_syntax` option is only supported on x86")
1347                 .emit();
1348         }
1349
1350         // Lower operands to HIR. We use dummy register classes if an error
1351         // occurs during lowering because we still need to be able to produce a
1352         // valid HIR.
1353         let sess = self.sess;
1354         let operands: Vec<_> = asm
1355             .operands
1356             .iter()
1357             .map(|(op, op_sp)| {
1358                 let lower_reg = |reg| match reg {
1359                     InlineAsmRegOrRegClass::Reg(s) => {
1360                         asm::InlineAsmRegOrRegClass::Reg(if let Some(asm_arch) = asm_arch {
1361                             asm::InlineAsmReg::parse(
1362                                 asm_arch,
1363                                 |feature| sess.target_features.contains(&Symbol::intern(feature)),
1364                                 &sess.target,
1365                                 s,
1366                             )
1367                             .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
1368                                 let msg = format!("invalid register `{}`: {}", s.as_str(), e);
1369                                 sess.struct_span_err(*op_sp, &msg).emit();
1370                                 asm::InlineAsmReg::Err
1371                             })
1372                         } else {
1373                             asm::InlineAsmReg::Err
1374                         })
1375                     }
1376                     InlineAsmRegOrRegClass::RegClass(s) => {
1377                         asm::InlineAsmRegOrRegClass::RegClass(if let Some(asm_arch) = asm_arch {
1378                             asm::InlineAsmRegClass::parse(asm_arch, s).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
1379                                 let msg = format!("invalid register class `{}`: {}", s.as_str(), e);
1380                                 sess.struct_span_err(*op_sp, &msg).emit();
1381                                 asm::InlineAsmRegClass::Err
1382                             })
1383                         } else {
1384                             asm::InlineAsmRegClass::Err
1385                         })
1386                     }
1387                 };
1388
1389                 let op = match *op {
1390                     InlineAsmOperand::In { reg, ref expr } => hir::InlineAsmOperand::In {
1391                         reg: lower_reg(reg),
1392                         expr: self.lower_expr_mut(expr),
1393                     },
1394                     InlineAsmOperand::Out { reg, late, ref expr } => hir::InlineAsmOperand::Out {
1395                         reg: lower_reg(reg),
1396                         late,
1397                         expr: expr.as_ref().map(|expr| self.lower_expr_mut(expr)),
1398                     },
1399                     InlineAsmOperand::InOut { reg, late, ref expr } => {
1400                         hir::InlineAsmOperand::InOut {
1401                             reg: lower_reg(reg),
1402                             late,
1403                             expr: self.lower_expr_mut(expr),
1404                         }
1405                     }
1406                     InlineAsmOperand::SplitInOut { reg, late, ref in_expr, ref out_expr } => {
1407                         hir::InlineAsmOperand::SplitInOut {
1408                             reg: lower_reg(reg),
1409                             late,
1410                             in_expr: self.lower_expr_mut(in_expr),
1411                             out_expr: out_expr.as_ref().map(|expr| self.lower_expr_mut(expr)),
1412                         }
1413                     }
1414                     InlineAsmOperand::Const { ref expr } => {
1415                         hir::InlineAsmOperand::Const { expr: self.lower_expr_mut(expr) }
1416                     }
1417                     InlineAsmOperand::Sym { ref expr } => {
1418                         hir::InlineAsmOperand::Sym { expr: self.lower_expr_mut(expr) }
1419                     }
1420                 };
1421                 (op, *op_sp)
1422             })
1423             .collect();
1424
1425         // Validate template modifiers against the register classes for the operands
1426         for p in &asm.template {
1427             if let InlineAsmTemplatePiece::Placeholder {
1428                 operand_idx,
1429                 modifier: Some(modifier),
1430                 span: placeholder_span,
1431             } = *p
1432             {
1433                 let op_sp = asm.operands[operand_idx].1;
1434                 match &operands[operand_idx].0 {
1435                     hir::InlineAsmOperand::In { reg, .. }
1436                     | hir::InlineAsmOperand::Out { reg, .. }
1437                     | hir::InlineAsmOperand::InOut { reg, .. }
1438                     | hir::InlineAsmOperand::SplitInOut { reg, .. } => {
1439                         let class = reg.reg_class();
1440                         if class == asm::InlineAsmRegClass::Err {
1441                             continue;
1442                         }
1443                         let valid_modifiers = class.valid_modifiers(asm_arch.unwrap());
1444                         if !valid_modifiers.contains(&modifier) {
1445                             let mut err = sess.struct_span_err(
1446                                 placeholder_span,
1447                                 "invalid asm template modifier for this register class",
1448                             );
1449                             err.span_label(placeholder_span, "template modifier");
1450                             err.span_label(op_sp, "argument");
1451                             if !valid_modifiers.is_empty() {
1452                                 let mut mods = format!("`{}`", valid_modifiers[0]);
1453                                 for m in &valid_modifiers[1..] {
1454                                     let _ = write!(mods, ", `{}`", m);
1455                                 }
1456                                 err.note(&format!(
1457                                     "the `{}` register class supports \
1458                                      the following template modifiers: {}",
1459                                     class.name(),
1460                                     mods
1461                                 ));
1462                             } else {
1463                                 err.note(&format!(
1464                                     "the `{}` register class does not support template modifiers",
1465                                     class.name()
1466                                 ));
1467                             }
1468                             err.emit();
1469                         }
1470                     }
1471                     hir::InlineAsmOperand::Const { .. } => {
1472                         let mut err = sess.struct_span_err(
1473                             placeholder_span,
1474                             "asm template modifiers are not allowed for `const` arguments",
1475                         );
1476                         err.span_label(placeholder_span, "template modifier");
1477                         err.span_label(op_sp, "argument");
1478                         err.emit();
1479                     }
1480                     hir::InlineAsmOperand::Sym { .. } => {
1481                         let mut err = sess.struct_span_err(
1482                             placeholder_span,
1483                             "asm template modifiers are not allowed for `sym` arguments",
1484                         );
1485                         err.span_label(placeholder_span, "template modifier");
1486                         err.span_label(op_sp, "argument");
1487                         err.emit();
1488                     }
1489                 }
1490             }
1491         }
1492
1493         let mut used_input_regs = FxHashMap::default();
1494         let mut used_output_regs = FxHashMap::default();
1495         let mut required_features: Vec<&str> = vec![];
1496         for (idx, &(ref op, op_sp)) in operands.iter().enumerate() {
1497             if let Some(reg) = op.reg() {
1498                 // Make sure we don't accidentally carry features from the
1499                 // previous iteration.
1500                 required_features.clear();
1501
1502                 // Validate register classes against currently enabled target
1503                 // features. We check that at least one type is available for
1504                 // the current target.
1505                 let reg_class = reg.reg_class();
1506                 if reg_class == asm::InlineAsmRegClass::Err {
1507                     continue;
1508                 }
1509                 for &(_, feature) in reg_class.supported_types(asm_arch.unwrap()) {
1510                     if let Some(feature) = feature {
1511                         if self.sess.target_features.contains(&Symbol::intern(feature)) {
1512                             required_features.clear();
1513                             break;
1514                         } else {
1515                             required_features.push(feature);
1516                         }
1517                     } else {
1518                         required_features.clear();
1519                         break;
1520                     }
1521                 }
1522                 // We are sorting primitive strs here and can use unstable sort here
1523                 required_features.sort_unstable();
1524                 required_features.dedup();
1525                 match &required_features[..] {
1526                     [] => {}
1527                     [feature] => {
1528                         let msg = format!(
1529                             "register class `{}` requires the `{}` target feature",
1530                             reg_class.name(),
1531                             feature
1532                         );
1533                         sess.struct_span_err(op_sp, &msg).emit();
1534                     }
1535                     features => {
1536                         let msg = format!(
1537                             "register class `{}` requires at least one target feature: {}",
1538                             reg_class.name(),
1539                             features.join(", ")
1540                         );
1541                         sess.struct_span_err(op_sp, &msg).emit();
1542                     }
1543                 }
1544
1545                 // Check for conflicts between explicit register operands.
1546                 if let asm::InlineAsmRegOrRegClass::Reg(reg) = reg {
1547                     let (input, output) = match op {
1548                         hir::InlineAsmOperand::In { .. } => (true, false),
1549                         // Late output do not conflict with inputs, but normal outputs do
1550                         hir::InlineAsmOperand::Out { late, .. } => (!late, true),
1551                         hir::InlineAsmOperand::InOut { .. }
1552                         | hir::InlineAsmOperand::SplitInOut { .. } => (true, true),
1553                         hir::InlineAsmOperand::Const { .. } | hir::InlineAsmOperand::Sym { .. } => {
1554                             unreachable!()
1555                         }
1556                     };
1557
1558                     // Flag to output the error only once per operand
1559                     let mut skip = false;
1560                     reg.overlapping_regs(|r| {
1561                         let mut check = |used_regs: &mut FxHashMap<asm::InlineAsmReg, usize>,
1562                                          input| {
1563                             match used_regs.entry(r) {
1564                                 Entry::Occupied(o) => {
1565                                     if skip {
1566                                         return;
1567                                     }
1568                                     skip = true;
1569
1570                                     let idx2 = *o.get();
1571                                     let &(ref op2, op_sp2) = &operands[idx2];
1572                                     let reg2 = match op2.reg() {
1573                                         Some(asm::InlineAsmRegOrRegClass::Reg(r)) => r,
1574                                         _ => unreachable!(),
1575                                     };
1576
1577                                     let msg = format!(
1578                                         "register `{}` conflicts with register `{}`",
1579                                         reg.name(),
1580                                         reg2.name()
1581                                     );
1582                                     let mut err = sess.struct_span_err(op_sp, &msg);
1583                                     err.span_label(op_sp, &format!("register `{}`", reg.name()));
1584                                     err.span_label(op_sp2, &format!("register `{}`", reg2.name()));
1585
1586                                     match (op, op2) {
1587                                         (
1588                                             hir::InlineAsmOperand::In { .. },
1589                                             hir::InlineAsmOperand::Out { late, .. },
1590                                         )
1591                                         | (
1592                                             hir::InlineAsmOperand::Out { late, .. },
1593                                             hir::InlineAsmOperand::In { .. },
1594                                         ) => {
1595                                             assert!(!*late);
1596                                             let out_op_sp = if input { op_sp2 } else { op_sp };
1597                                             let msg = "use `lateout` instead of \
1598                                                     `out` to avoid conflict";
1599                                             err.span_help(out_op_sp, msg);
1600                                         }
1601                                         _ => {}
1602                                     }
1603
1604                                     err.emit();
1605                                 }
1606                                 Entry::Vacant(v) => {
1607                                     v.insert(idx);
1608                                 }
1609                             }
1610                         };
1611                         if input {
1612                             check(&mut used_input_regs, true);
1613                         }
1614                         if output {
1615                             check(&mut used_output_regs, false);
1616                         }
1617                     });
1618                 }
1619             }
1620         }
1621
1622         let operands = self.arena.alloc_from_iter(operands);
1623         let template = self.arena.alloc_from_iter(asm.template.iter().cloned());
1624         let line_spans = self.arena.alloc_slice(&asm.line_spans[..]);
1625         let hir_asm = hir::InlineAsm { template, operands, options: asm.options, line_spans };
1626         hir::ExprKind::InlineAsm(self.arena.alloc(hir_asm))
1627     }
1628
1629     fn lower_expr_llvm_asm(&mut self, asm: &LlvmInlineAsm) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
1630         let inner = hir::LlvmInlineAsmInner {
1631             inputs: asm.inputs.iter().map(|&(c, _)| c).collect(),
1632             outputs: asm
1633                 .outputs
1634                 .iter()
1635                 .map(|out| hir::LlvmInlineAsmOutput {
1636                     constraint: out.constraint,
1637                     is_rw: out.is_rw,
1638                     is_indirect: out.is_indirect,
1639                     span: out.expr.span,
1640                 })
1641                 .collect(),
1642             asm: asm.asm,
1643             asm_str_style: asm.asm_str_style,
1644             clobbers: asm.clobbers.clone(),
1645             volatile: asm.volatile,
1646             alignstack: asm.alignstack,
1647             dialect: asm.dialect,
1648         };
1649         let hir_asm = hir::LlvmInlineAsm {
1650             inner,
1651             inputs_exprs: self.arena.alloc_from_iter(
1652                 asm.inputs.iter().map(|&(_, ref input)| self.lower_expr_mut(input)),
1653             ),
1654             outputs_exprs: self
1655                 .arena
1656                 .alloc_from_iter(asm.outputs.iter().map(|out| self.lower_expr_mut(&out.expr))),
1657         };
1658         hir::ExprKind::LlvmInlineAsm(self.arena.alloc(hir_asm))
1659     }
1660
1661     fn lower_expr_field(&mut self, f: &ExprField) -> hir::ExprField<'hir> {
1662         hir::ExprField {
1663             hir_id: self.next_id(),
1664             ident: f.ident,
1665             expr: self.lower_expr(&f.expr),
1666             span: f.span,
1667             is_shorthand: f.is_shorthand,
1668         }
1669     }
1670
1671     fn lower_expr_yield(&mut self, span: Span, opt_expr: Option<&Expr>) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
1672         match self.generator_kind {
1673             Some(hir::GeneratorKind::Gen) => {}
1674             Some(hir::GeneratorKind::Async(_)) => {
1675                 struct_span_err!(
1676                     self.sess,
1677                     span,
1678                     E0727,
1679                     "`async` generators are not yet supported"
1680                 )
1681                 .emit();
1682             }
1683             None => self.generator_kind = Some(hir::GeneratorKind::Gen),
1684         }
1685
1686         let expr =
1687             opt_expr.as_ref().map(|x| self.lower_expr(x)).unwrap_or_else(|| self.expr_unit(span));
1688
1689         hir::ExprKind::Yield(expr, hir::YieldSource::Yield)
1690     }
1691
1692     /// Desugar `ExprForLoop` from: `[opt_ident]: for <pat> in <head> <body>` into:
1693     /// ```rust
1694     /// {
1695     ///     let result = match ::std::iter::IntoIterator::into_iter(<head>) {
1696     ///         mut iter => {
1697     ///             [opt_ident]: loop {
1698     ///                 let mut __next;
1699     ///                 match ::std::iter::Iterator::next(&mut iter) {
1700     ///                     ::std::option::Option::Some(val) => __next = val,
1701     ///                     ::std::option::Option::None => break
1702     ///                 };
1703     ///                 let <pat> = __next;
1704     ///                 StmtKind::Expr(<body>);
1705     ///             }
1706     ///         }
1707     ///     };
1708     ///     result
1709     /// }
1710     /// ```
1711     fn lower_expr_for(
1712         &mut self,
1713         e: &Expr,
1714         pat: &Pat,
1715         head: &Expr,
1716         body: &Block,
1717         opt_label: Option<Label>,
1718     ) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
1719         let orig_head_span = head.span;
1720         // expand <head>
1721         let mut head = self.lower_expr_mut(head);
1722         let desugared_span = self.mark_span_with_reason(
1723             DesugaringKind::ForLoop(ForLoopLoc::Head),
1724             orig_head_span,
1725             None,
1726         );
1727         head.span = desugared_span;
1728
1729         let iter = Ident::with_dummy_span(sym::iter);
1730
1731         let next_ident = Ident::with_dummy_span(sym::__next);
1732         let (next_pat, next_pat_hid) = self.pat_ident_binding_mode(
1733             desugared_span,
1734             next_ident,
1735             hir::BindingAnnotation::Mutable,
1736         );
1737
1738         // `::std::option::Option::Some(val) => __next = val`
1739         let pat_arm = {
1740             let val_ident = Ident::with_dummy_span(sym::val);
1741             let (val_pat, val_pat_hid) = self.pat_ident(pat.span, val_ident);
1742             let val_expr = self.expr_ident(pat.span, val_ident, val_pat_hid);
1743             let next_expr = self.expr_ident(pat.span, next_ident, next_pat_hid);
1744             let assign = self.arena.alloc(self.expr(
1745                 pat.span,
1746                 hir::ExprKind::Assign(next_expr, val_expr, pat.span),
1747                 ThinVec::new(),
1748             ));
1749             let some_pat = self.pat_some(pat.span, val_pat);
1750             self.arm(some_pat, assign)
1751         };
1752
1753         // `::std::option::Option::None => break`
1754         let break_arm = {
1755             let break_expr =
1756                 self.with_loop_scope(e.id, |this| this.expr_break(e.span, ThinVec::new()));
1757             let pat = self.pat_none(e.span);
1758             self.arm(pat, break_expr)
1759         };
1760
1761         // `mut iter`
1762         let (iter_pat, iter_pat_nid) =
1763             self.pat_ident_binding_mode(desugared_span, iter, hir::BindingAnnotation::Mutable);
1764
1765         // `match ::std::iter::Iterator::next(&mut iter) { ... }`
1766         let match_expr = {
1767             let iter = self.expr_ident(desugared_span, iter, iter_pat_nid);
1768             let ref_mut_iter = self.expr_mut_addr_of(desugared_span, iter);
1769             let next_expr = self.expr_call_lang_item_fn(
1770                 desugared_span,
1771                 hir::LangItem::IteratorNext,
1772                 arena_vec![self; ref_mut_iter],
1773             );
1774             let arms = arena_vec![self; pat_arm, break_arm];
1775
1776             self.expr_match(desugared_span, next_expr, arms, hir::MatchSource::ForLoopDesugar)
1777         };
1778         let match_stmt = self.stmt_expr(desugared_span, match_expr);
1779
1780         let next_expr = self.expr_ident(desugared_span, next_ident, next_pat_hid);
1781
1782         // `let mut __next`
1783         let next_let = self.stmt_let_pat(
1784             None,
1785             desugared_span,
1786             None,
1787             next_pat,
1788             hir::LocalSource::ForLoopDesugar,
1789         );
1790
1791         // `let <pat> = __next`
1792         let pat = self.lower_pat(pat);
1793         let pat_let = self.stmt_let_pat(
1794             None,
1795             desugared_span,
1796             Some(next_expr),
1797             pat,
1798             hir::LocalSource::ForLoopDesugar,
1799         );
1800
1801         let body_block = self.with_loop_scope(e.id, |this| this.lower_block(body, false));
1802         let body_expr = self.expr_block(body_block, ThinVec::new());
1803         let body_stmt = self.stmt_expr(body.span, body_expr);
1804
1805         let loop_block = self.block_all(
1806             e.span,
1807             arena_vec![self; next_let, match_stmt, pat_let, body_stmt],
1808             None,
1809         );
1810
1811         // `[opt_ident]: loop { ... }`
1812         let kind = hir::ExprKind::Loop(
1813             loop_block,
1814             opt_label,
1815             hir::LoopSource::ForLoop,
1816             e.span.with_hi(orig_head_span.hi()),
1817         );
1818         let loop_expr =
1819             self.arena.alloc(hir::Expr { hir_id: self.lower_node_id(e.id), kind, span: e.span });
1820
1821         // `mut iter => { ... }`
1822         let iter_arm = self.arm(iter_pat, loop_expr);
1823
1824         let into_iter_span = self.mark_span_with_reason(
1825             DesugaringKind::ForLoop(ForLoopLoc::IntoIter),
1826             orig_head_span,
1827             None,
1828         );
1829
1830         // `match ::std::iter::IntoIterator::into_iter(<head>) { ... }`
1831         let into_iter_expr = {
1832             self.expr_call_lang_item_fn(
1833                 into_iter_span,
1834                 hir::LangItem::IntoIterIntoIter,
1835                 arena_vec![self; head],
1836             )
1837         };
1838
1839         let match_expr = self.arena.alloc(self.expr_match(
1840             desugared_span,
1841             into_iter_expr,
1842             arena_vec![self; iter_arm],
1843             hir::MatchSource::ForLoopDesugar,
1844         ));
1845
1846         let attrs: Vec<_> = e.attrs.iter().map(|a| self.lower_attr(a)).collect();
1847
1848         // This is effectively `{ let _result = ...; _result }`.
1849         // The construct was introduced in #21984 and is necessary to make sure that
1850         // temporaries in the `head` expression are dropped and do not leak to the
1851         // surrounding scope of the `match` since the `match` is not a terminating scope.
1852         //
1853         // Also, add the attributes to the outer returned expr node.
1854         self.expr_drop_temps_mut(desugared_span, match_expr, attrs.into())
1855     }
1856
1857     /// Desugar `ExprKind::Try` from: `<expr>?` into:
1858     /// ```rust
1859     /// match Try::into_result(<expr>) {
1860     ///     Ok(val) => #[allow(unreachable_code)] val,
1861     ///     Err(err) => #[allow(unreachable_code)]
1862     ///                 // If there is an enclosing `try {...}`:
1863     ///                 break 'catch_target Try::from_error(From::from(err)),
1864     ///                 // Otherwise:
1865     ///                 return Try::from_error(From::from(err)),
1866     /// }
1867     /// ```
1868     fn lower_expr_try(&mut self, span: Span, sub_expr: &Expr) -> hir::ExprKind<'hir> {
1869         let unstable_span = self.mark_span_with_reason(
1870             DesugaringKind::QuestionMark,
1871             span,
1872             self.allow_try_trait.clone(),
1873         );
1874         let try_span = self.sess.source_map().end_point(span);
1875         let try_span = self.mark_span_with_reason(
1876             DesugaringKind::QuestionMark,
1877             try_span,
1878             self.allow_try_trait.clone(),
1879         );
1880
1881         // `Try::into_result(<expr>)`
1882         let scrutinee = {
1883             // expand <expr>
1884             let sub_expr = self.lower_expr_mut(sub_expr);
1885
1886             self.expr_call_lang_item_fn(
1887                 unstable_span,
1888                 hir::LangItem::TryIntoResult,
1889                 arena_vec![self; sub_expr],
1890             )
1891         };
1892
1893         // `#[allow(unreachable_code)]`
1894         let attr = {
1895             // `allow(unreachable_code)`
1896             let allow = {
1897                 let allow_ident = Ident::new(sym::allow, span);
1898                 let uc_ident = Ident::new(sym::unreachable_code, span);
1899                 let uc_nested = attr::mk_nested_word_item(uc_ident);
1900                 attr::mk_list_item(allow_ident, vec![uc_nested])
1901             };
1902             attr::mk_attr_outer(allow)
1903         };
1904         let attrs = vec![attr];
1905
1906         // `Ok(val) => #[allow(unreachable_code)] val,`
1907         let ok_arm = {
1908             let val_ident = Ident::with_dummy_span(sym::val);
1909             let (val_pat, val_pat_nid) = self.pat_ident(span, val_ident);
1910             let val_expr = self.arena.alloc(self.expr_ident_with_attrs(
1911                 span,
1912                 val_ident,
1913                 val_pat_nid,
1914                 ThinVec::from(attrs.clone()),
1915             ));
1916             let ok_pat = self.pat_ok(span, val_pat);
1917             self.arm(ok_pat, val_expr)
1918         };
1919
1920         // `Err(err) => #[allow(unreachable_code)]
1921         //              return Try::from_error(From::from(err)),`
1922         let err_arm = {
1923             let err_ident = Ident::with_dummy_span(sym::err);
1924             let (err_local, err_local_nid) = self.pat_ident(try_span, err_ident);
1925             let from_expr = {
1926                 let err_expr = self.expr_ident_mut(try_span, err_ident, err_local_nid);
1927                 self.expr_call_lang_item_fn(
1928                     try_span,
1929                     hir::LangItem::FromFrom,
1930                     arena_vec![self; err_expr],
1931                 )
1932             };
1933             let from_err_expr = self.wrap_in_try_constructor(
1934                 hir::LangItem::TryFromError,
1935                 unstable_span,
1936                 from_expr,
1937                 unstable_span,
1938             );
1939             let thin_attrs = ThinVec::from(attrs);
1940             let catch_scope = self.catch_scopes.last().copied();
1941             let ret_expr = if let Some(catch_node) = catch_scope {
1942                 let target_id = Ok(self.lower_node_id(catch_node));
1943                 self.arena.alloc(self.expr(
1944                     try_span,
1945                     hir::ExprKind::Break(
1946                         hir::Destination { label: None, target_id },
1947                         Some(from_err_expr),
1948                     ),
1949                     thin_attrs,
1950                 ))
1951             } else {
1952                 self.arena.alloc(self.expr(
1953                     try_span,
1954                     hir::ExprKind::Ret(Some(from_err_expr)),
1955                     thin_attrs,
1956                 ))
1957             };
1958
1959             let err_pat = self.pat_err(try_span, err_local);
1960             self.arm(err_pat, ret_expr)
1961         };
1962
1963         hir::ExprKind::Match(
1964             scrutinee,
1965             arena_vec![self; err_arm, ok_arm],
1966             hir::MatchSource::TryDesugar,
1967         )
1968     }
1969
1970     // =========================================================================
1971     // Helper methods for building HIR.
1972     // =========================================================================
1973
1974     /// Constructs a `true` or `false` literal expression.
1975     pub(super) fn expr_bool(&mut self, span: Span, val: bool) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
1976         let lit = Spanned { span, node: LitKind::Bool(val) };
1977         self.arena.alloc(self.expr(span, hir::ExprKind::Lit(lit), ThinVec::new()))
1978     }
1979
1980     /// Wrap the given `expr` in a terminating scope using `hir::ExprKind::DropTemps`.
1981     ///
1982     /// In terms of drop order, it has the same effect as wrapping `expr` in
1983     /// `{ let _t = $expr; _t }` but should provide better compile-time performance.
1984     ///
1985     /// The drop order can be important in e.g. `if expr { .. }`.
1986     pub(super) fn expr_drop_temps(
1987         &mut self,
1988         span: Span,
1989         expr: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>,
1990         attrs: AttrVec,
1991     ) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
1992         self.arena.alloc(self.expr_drop_temps_mut(span, expr, attrs))
1993     }
1994
1995     pub(super) fn expr_drop_temps_mut(
1996         &mut self,
1997         span: Span,
1998         expr: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>,
1999         attrs: AttrVec,
2000     ) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2001         self.expr(span, hir::ExprKind::DropTemps(expr), attrs)
2002     }
2003
2004     fn expr_match(
2005         &mut self,
2006         span: Span,
2007         arg: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>,
2008         arms: &'hir [hir::Arm<'hir>],
2009         source: hir::MatchSource,
2010     ) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2011         self.expr(span, hir::ExprKind::Match(arg, arms, source), ThinVec::new())
2012     }
2013
2014     fn expr_break(&mut self, span: Span, attrs: AttrVec) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
2015         let expr_break = hir::ExprKind::Break(self.lower_loop_destination(None), None);
2016         self.arena.alloc(self.expr(span, expr_break, attrs))
2017     }
2018
2019     fn expr_mut_addr_of(&mut self, span: Span, e: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2020         self.expr(
2021             span,
2022             hir::ExprKind::AddrOf(hir::BorrowKind::Ref, hir::Mutability::Mut, e),
2023             ThinVec::new(),
2024         )
2025     }
2026
2027     fn expr_unit(&mut self, sp: Span) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
2028         self.arena.alloc(self.expr(sp, hir::ExprKind::Tup(&[]), ThinVec::new()))
2029     }
2030
2031     fn expr_call_mut(
2032         &mut self,
2033         span: Span,
2034         e: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>,
2035         args: &'hir [hir::Expr<'hir>],
2036     ) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2037         self.expr(span, hir::ExprKind::Call(e, args), ThinVec::new())
2038     }
2039
2040     fn expr_call(
2041         &mut self,
2042         span: Span,
2043         e: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>,
2044         args: &'hir [hir::Expr<'hir>],
2045     ) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
2046         self.arena.alloc(self.expr_call_mut(span, e, args))
2047     }
2048
2049     fn expr_call_lang_item_fn_mut(
2050         &mut self,
2051         span: Span,
2052         lang_item: hir::LangItem,
2053         args: &'hir [hir::Expr<'hir>],
2054     ) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2055         let path = self.arena.alloc(self.expr_lang_item_path(span, lang_item, ThinVec::new()));
2056         self.expr_call_mut(span, path, args)
2057     }
2058
2059     fn expr_call_lang_item_fn(
2060         &mut self,
2061         span: Span,
2062         lang_item: hir::LangItem,
2063         args: &'hir [hir::Expr<'hir>],
2064     ) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
2065         self.arena.alloc(self.expr_call_lang_item_fn_mut(span, lang_item, args))
2066     }
2067
2068     fn expr_lang_item_path(
2069         &mut self,
2070         span: Span,
2071         lang_item: hir::LangItem,
2072         attrs: AttrVec,
2073     ) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2074         self.expr(span, hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::LangItem(lang_item, span)), attrs)
2075     }
2076
2077     pub(super) fn expr_ident(
2078         &mut self,
2079         sp: Span,
2080         ident: Ident,
2081         binding: hir::HirId,
2082     ) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
2083         self.arena.alloc(self.expr_ident_mut(sp, ident, binding))
2084     }
2085
2086     pub(super) fn expr_ident_mut(
2087         &mut self,
2088         sp: Span,
2089         ident: Ident,
2090         binding: hir::HirId,
2091     ) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2092         self.expr_ident_with_attrs(sp, ident, binding, ThinVec::new())
2093     }
2094
2095     fn expr_ident_with_attrs(
2096         &mut self,
2097         span: Span,
2098         ident: Ident,
2099         binding: hir::HirId,
2100         attrs: AttrVec,
2101     ) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2102         let expr_path = hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(
2103             None,
2104             self.arena.alloc(hir::Path {
2105                 span,
2106                 res: Res::Local(binding),
2107                 segments: arena_vec![self; hir::PathSegment::from_ident(ident)],
2108             }),
2109         ));
2110
2111         self.expr(span, expr_path, attrs)
2112     }
2113
2114     fn expr_unsafe(&mut self, expr: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2115         let hir_id = self.next_id();
2116         let span = expr.span;
2117         self.expr(
2118             span,
2119             hir::ExprKind::Block(
2120                 self.arena.alloc(hir::Block {
2121                     stmts: &[],
2122                     expr: Some(expr),
2123                     hir_id,
2124                     rules: hir::BlockCheckMode::UnsafeBlock(hir::UnsafeSource::CompilerGenerated),
2125                     span,
2126                     targeted_by_break: false,
2127                 }),
2128                 None,
2129             ),
2130             ThinVec::new(),
2131         )
2132     }
2133
2134     fn expr_block_empty(&mut self, span: Span) -> &'hir hir::Expr<'hir> {
2135         let blk = self.block_all(span, &[], None);
2136         let expr = self.expr_block(blk, ThinVec::new());
2137         self.arena.alloc(expr)
2138     }
2139
2140     pub(super) fn expr_block(
2141         &mut self,
2142         b: &'hir hir::Block<'hir>,
2143         attrs: AttrVec,
2144     ) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2145         self.expr(b.span, hir::ExprKind::Block(b, None), attrs)
2146     }
2147
2148     pub(super) fn expr(
2149         &mut self,
2150         span: Span,
2151         kind: hir::ExprKind<'hir>,
2152         attrs: AttrVec,
2153     ) -> hir::Expr<'hir> {
2154         let hir_id = self.next_id();
2155         self.lower_attrs(hir_id, &attrs);
2156         hir::Expr { hir_id, kind, span }
2157     }
2158
2159     fn expr_field(
2160         &mut self,
2161         ident: Ident,
2162         expr: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>,
2163         span: Span,
2164     ) -> hir::ExprField<'hir> {
2165         hir::ExprField { hir_id: self.next_id(), ident, span, expr, is_shorthand: false }
2166     }
2167
2168     fn arm(&mut self, pat: &'hir hir::Pat<'hir>, expr: &'hir hir::Expr<'hir>) -> hir::Arm<'hir> {
2169         hir::Arm { hir_id: self.next_id(), pat, guard: None, span: expr.span, body: expr }
2170     }
2171 }